Photovoltaic temperature control coupled air source heat pump energy storage system and operation control method thereof

Abstract

This application provides a photovoltaic temperature-controlled air-source heat pump energy storage system and its operation control method. The photovoltaic temperature-controlled air-source heat pump energy storage system includes a photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit, an air-source heat pump unit, and a thermal storage coupling unit. The photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit absorbs photovoltaic thermal energy, the thermal storage coupling unit realizes the storage, gradient utilization, and scheduling of thermal energy, and the air-source heat pump unit achieves efficient thermal energy conversion. The thermal storage coupling unit includes a first thermal storage device, a second thermal storage device, and a selection device. The selection device can flexibly control the on / off state of the first heat release pipeline and the circulation loop of the first thermal storage device, realizing dynamic switching of the photovoltaic heat supply path. This allows the system to adapt to different seasons and time periods of light intensity and heat demand, achieving multiple optimized operation modes such as efficient power generation and heat storage in summer, and efficient power generation and auxiliary heating in winter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic energy storage heat pump system technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air source heat pump energy storage system and its operation control method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy technologies, photovoltaic thermal systems and air source heat pump systems, as clean and energy-saving energy utilization equipment, are widely used in the fields of power supply, heating and hot water supply in residential and commercial buildings.

[0003] Traditional photovoltaic (PV) solar thermal systems integrate PV power generation and solar thermal utilization. However, they suffer from poor seasonal adaptability and are limited by weather conditions and day / night cycles. Specifically, in summer, strong sunlight and high ambient temperatures cause PV solar thermal modules to overheat, leading to decreased power generation efficiency. In winter, weak sunlight and low temperatures result in relatively high PV solar thermal module power generation efficiency, but insufficient heat production, and the pipes are prone to icing, resulting in significant heat loss and difficulty in meeting users' heating and hot water needs. Furthermore, during cloudy or overcast weather and at night when there is no sunlight, PV solar thermal modules cannot generate electricity or heat normally, causing the system to lose its heating and auxiliary temperature control capabilities. This necessitates reliance on other auxiliary heat sources, resulting in poor system power continuity.

[0004] While traditional air source heat pump systems are clean and energy-efficient, they have significant drawbacks in winter operation: in low-temperature environments, the heat absorption efficiency of the evaporator decreases, leading to reduced heating capacity and increased energy consumption; in high-humidity winter environments, the evaporator is prone to frosting, requiring the heating cycle to be stopped during defrosting, resulting in interruptions in heating and hot water supply for users; the electric auxiliary heating device added to alleviate the above problems further increases energy consumption, which contradicts the concept of clean and energy-efficient operation.

[0005] In summary, when traditional photovoltaic and solar thermal systems and air source heat pump systems operate independently, their energy utilization efficiency is low, making it difficult to meet users' stable energy needs in different seasons. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air source energy storage heat pump system and its operation control method, which can adapt to different seasons and time periods of light intensity and heat demand, and realize multiple optimized operation modes such as high-efficiency power generation and heat storage in summer, and high-efficiency power generation and auxiliary heating in winter.

[0007] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air-source heat pump system, comprising: a photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit for absorbing heat from photovoltaic thermal modules; an air-source heat pump unit including a compression device, a condensing device, a throttling device, and an evaporating device connected in sequence; and a heat storage coupling unit including a first heat storage device, a second heat storage device, and a gate device. The first heat storage device includes a first heat release pipe and a first heat absorption pipe configured for heat exchange, and a first heat storage structure configured for heat conduction with the first heat absorption pipe and the first heat release pipe. The second heat storage device includes a second heat release pipe and a second heat absorption pipe configured for heat exchange. The inlet of the first heat absorption pipe is connected to the heat exchange medium outlet of the condensing device, and the second heat absorption pipe is connected to the air-source heat pump unit and located between the evaporating device and the compression device. The gate device and the second heat release pipe are both connected between the inlet and outlet of the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit to form a circulation loop, and the heat storage coupling unit controls the on / off state between the first heat release pipe and the circulation loop through the gate device.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the heat storage coupling unit includes a first branch and a second branch, and the first heat release pipeline is connected to the second branch; wherein the first branch and the second branch are arranged in parallel and are both connected between the second heat release pipeline and the selection device.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the outlet of the first heat-dissipating pipe is connected to the inlet of the second heat-dissipating pipe, and the outlet of the second heat-dissipating pipe is connected to the inlet of the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the air source heat pump unit includes a main circuit structure and a branch circuit structure. A compressor, a condenser, a throttling device, and an evaporator are connected sequentially through the main circuit structure. The main circuit structure includes a first main circuit section, in which the condenser and the throttling device are disposed. The branch circuit structure is arranged in parallel with the first main circuit section and is connected between the outlet of the compressor and the inlet of the evaporator.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the branch structure includes a control valve for controlling the on / off state of the branch structure.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the system further includes a power generation management unit, which includes an inverter and a battery; the input terminal of the inverter is connected to the photovoltaic thermal module and the battery, and the output terminal of the inverter is connected to various power-consuming units of the system, including power-consuming equipment such as water pumps, heat pump systems and control systems.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the system further includes a control unit, which includes: a sensor module, a control module, and an execution module; the sensor module includes a photosensitive sensor, a temperature sensor, and a pressure sensor; the temperature sensor is located at the outlet of the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit and is used to detect the fluid temperature at the inlet and outlet of the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit; the pressure sensor is used to detect the pressure of the circulating working fluid in the system; and the photosensitive sensor is used to detect the light intensity; the execution module includes: various valves, pump groups, fans, compressors, etc. in the system; and the control module is connected to the sensor module and the execution module.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the second heat storage device further includes a second heat storage structure that is thermally connected to the second heat absorption pipe and the second heat release pipe.

[0015] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an operation control method for a photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air-source heat pump energy storage system based on the first aspect embodiment of this application, comprising: acquiring the fluid temperature at the outlet of the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit; when the fluid temperature is higher than a first threshold, controlling the first heat release pipeline and the circulation loop of the first heat storage device to be in a conductive state through a gating device, so that the fluid output by the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit flows sequentially through the first heat release pipeline and the second heat release pipeline, storing the heat of the fluid using the first heat storage structure, and storing the heat of the air-source heat pump unit through the first heat absorption pipeline. The heat exchange medium output from the heat exchange medium outlet of the Yuanzhong condensing device is heated, and the working fluid between the evaporator and the compression device in the air source heat pump unit is heated through the second heat absorption pipe. When the fluid temperature is lower than the first threshold, the first heat release pipe and the circulation loop are disconnected by the gate device, so that the fluid output from the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit flows only through the second heat release pipe, and the working fluid between the evaporator and the compression device in the air source heat pump unit is heated through the second heat absorption pipe. The first heat storage structure stores the heat of the heat exchange medium in the first heat absorption pipe.

[0016] According to an embodiment of the second aspect of this application, the photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air source heat pump energy storage system is a photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air source heat pump energy storage system in which the branch structure of the air source heat pump unit includes a control valve. After the step of controlling the first heat release pipeline and the circulation loop to be disconnected when the fluid temperature is lower than a first threshold, the system further includes: determining the dew point temperature based on the temperature and humidity of the environment where the air source heat pump unit is located; and controlling the throttling device to shut off and the control valve to open when the inlet temperature of the evaporator is lower than the dew point temperature.

[0017] The photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air-source heat pump energy storage system disclosed in this application includes a photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit, an air-source heat pump unit, and a thermal storage coupling unit, which form a synergistic system through structural connectivity and functional coordination. The photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit absorbs photovoltaic thermal energy, the thermal storage coupling unit realizes the storage, gradient utilization, and scheduling of thermal energy, and the air-source heat pump unit realizes the efficient utilization and quality improvement of thermal energy. The selection device can flexibly control the opening and closing of the first heat release pipeline and the circulation loop of the first heat storage device, realizing dynamic switching of the photovoltaic heat supply path and adapting to the needs of different operating conditions of the system: when the light intensity is high, the operating temperature of the photovoltaic thermal module is high, and the hot water outlet temperature is high, the first heat release pipeline and the circulation loop are connected, so that the photovoltaic heat can be supplied to the first and second heat storage devices at the same time, realizing the cascade recovery and utilization of heat, and ensuring that the temperature of the recovered water is lower than the ambient temperature, thus cooling the photovoltaic thermal module and ensuring the efficient power generation of the photovoltaic thermal module; when the light intensity is low (such as on cloudy days or in the evening), and the outlet water temperature of the photovoltaic thermal module is lower than the heat storage temperature of the first heat storage device, the first heat release pipeline and the circulation loop are disconnected, and the heat in the photovoltaic thermal module is recovered and utilized only through the second heat release pipeline of the second heat storage device, thereby reducing the operating temperature of the photovoltaic thermal module, improving the power generation efficiency, and enabling the system to adapt to the light intensity and heat energy demand of different seasons and different times of day, realizing the efficient power generation and efficient utilization of heat energy of the photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air source heat pump energy storage system throughout the year. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] It should be noted that all arrows in the attached diagram are used to indicate the flow direction of the heat exchange medium and working fluid, and to show the flow path of the heat exchange medium and working fluid in each pipeline of the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit, the heat storage coupling unit and the air source heat pump unit, so as to help understand the connection relationship and heat transfer between each unit and each pipeline.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air source heat pump energy storage system provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air source heat pump energy storage system provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air source heat pump energy storage system provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0021] 100. Photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit; 110. Photovoltaic thermal module; 120. Circulation pipeline; 130. Drive component; 200. Air source heat pump unit; 210. Compression unit; 220. Condensation unit; 230. Throttling device; 240. Evaporation unit; 221. Heat exchange medium outlet; 260. Fan; 270. Control valve; L21. First main circuit section; L22. Branch circuit structure; 300. Thermal storage coupling unit; 310. First thermal storage device; 311. First heat release pipeline; 312. First heat absorption pipeline; 313. First thermal storage structure; 320. Second thermal storage device; 321. Second heat release pipeline; 322. Second heat absorption pipeline; 323. Second thermal storage structure; 330. Gating device; 331. First control valve; 332. Second control valve; L31, First Branch Road; L32, Second Branch Road; 400. Power generation management unit; 410. Inverter; 420. Battery. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The various embodiments or implementation schemes in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments.

[0023] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0024] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0025] In photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems, the power generation efficiency of PV thermal modules exhibits a negative correlation with their own temperature. When PV thermal modules are operating, they continuously generate electricity while releasing a significant amount of heat. Especially in summer, high heat generation efficiency leads to low power generation efficiency and a tendency to overheat. If temperature is not controlled in time, the module temperature will continue to rise. Typically, for every 1°C increase in module temperature, power generation efficiency decreases by 0.3% to 0.5%. Prolonged high temperatures not only significantly reduce PV power generation efficiency but also accelerate module aging, shorten their lifespan, and even cause thermal damage, affecting the long-term stable operation of the system. In winter, while power generation efficiency is high, thermal efficiency is low, heat loss is significant, and icing is a common problem. Additionally, air-source heat pump systems suffer from reduced heating capacity in winter and are unable to provide heating during defrosting.

[0026] In view of the above problems, this application provides a photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air source heat pump energy storage system and its operation control method, which can adapt to the light intensity and heat energy demand under different seasons, different time periods and different meteorological environments, and realize the high-efficiency power generation and heat energy utilization of the photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air source heat pump energy storage system throughout the year.

[0027] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air-source heat pump energy storage system. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air-source heat pump energy storage system includes: a photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100 for absorbing heat from the photovoltaic thermal module 110; an air-source heat pump unit 200, including a compression device 210, a condensation device 220, a throttling device 230, and an evaporation device 240 connected in sequence; and a heat storage coupling unit 300, including a first heat storage device 310, a second heat storage device 320, and a selection device 330. The first heat storage device 310 includes a first heat release pipe 311 and a first heat absorption pipe 312 configured for heat exchange, and a first heat storage structure 313 thermally connected to the first heat absorption pipe 312. The second heat storage device 320 includes a second heat release pipe 321 and a second heat absorption pipe 322 for heat exchange. The inlet of the first heat absorption pipe 312 is connected to the heat exchange medium outlet 221 of the condensing device 220. The second heat absorption pipe 322 is connected to the air source heat pump unit 200 and is located between the evaporating device 240 and the compression device 210. The selection device 330 and the second heat release pipe 321 are both connected between the inlet and outlet of the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100 to form a circulation loop. The heat storage coupling unit 300 controls the on / off state between the first heat release pipe 311 and the circulation loop through the selection device 330.

[0028] The photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air-source heat pump energy storage system in this embodiment includes a photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100, an air-source heat pump unit 200, and a heat storage coupling unit 300. These units form a collaborative system through structural connectivity and functional coordination. The photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100 absorbs photovoltaic thermal energy, the heat storage coupling unit 300 stores, utilizes, and schedules the thermal energy, and the air-source heat pump unit 200 achieves efficient conversion of thermal energy.

[0029] The system in this application embodiment may or may not include a photovoltaic (PV) thermal module 110. The PV thermal module 110 can be configured separately as needed. When the system is configured with the PV thermal module 110, the PV thermal module 110 may include multiple photovoltaic panels. The multiple photovoltaic panels are electrically connected in series or parallel to form a PV thermal module array to adapt to different power generation requirements. The arrangement of the multiple photovoltaic panels can be flexibly designed according to the installation scenario. A matrix arrangement is preferred to ensure that each photovoltaic panel can fully receive sunlight and maximize the overall power generation efficiency of the PV thermal module 110.

[0030] The photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100 is used to absorb the heat of the photovoltaic thermal module 110, collect the heat energy generated by the photovoltaic thermal module 110 when it is working, provide a heat source for subsequent heat utilization and storage, and at the same time realize the temperature control of the photovoltaic thermal module 110 to improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic thermal module 110.

[0031] Optionally, the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100 includes a circulation pipe 120, which can absorb the heat of the photovoltaic thermal module 110 through the fluid in the circulation pipe 120. The fluid flows in the circulation pipe 120 to carry away the heat of the photovoltaic thermal module 110, thereby cooling the photovoltaic thermal module 110 and maintaining it within a certain temperature range.

[0032] The circulation pipeline 120 can be adapted synchronously according to the arrangement of multiple photovoltaic panels. It adopts a branched pipeline structure to ensure that the heat energy generated by each photovoltaic panel can be fully absorbed by the fluid in the circulation pipeline, thus avoiding overheating of a single photovoltaic panel and affecting the overall power generation performance.

[0033] The air source heat pump unit 200 includes a compression device 210, a condensing device 220, a throttling device 230 and an evaporating device 240 arranged in sequence. The compression device 210, the condensing device 220, the throttling device 230 and the evaporating device 240 form a closed working fluid circulation loop to ensure that the working fluid can normally complete the heat transfer process of compression, condensation, throttling and evaporation.

[0034] Specifically, the compression device 210 can compress the low-temperature, low-pressure working fluid into a high-temperature, high-pressure working fluid, providing conditions for heat release (condensation); the high-temperature, high-pressure working fluid releases heat at the condensation device 220, completing condensation; the throttling device 230 throttles and cools the condensed high-pressure liquid working fluid, turning it into a low-temperature, low-pressure working fluid; the low-temperature, low-pressure working fluid absorbs external heat at the evaporation device 240, evaporates into a gaseous working fluid, and then enters the compression device 210 for circulation.

[0035] The condensing device 220 is equipped with a heat exchange medium pipeline and a working fluid pipeline. The heat exchange medium pipeline and the working fluid pipeline are configured for heat exchange. For example, water is used as the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange medium pipeline. The water in the heat exchange medium pipeline absorbs heat from the working fluid pipeline to provide heat or hot water to the user side. The inlet of the first heat absorption pipeline 312 is connected to the heat exchange medium outlet 221 of the heat exchange medium pipeline.

[0036] Optionally, the air source heat pump unit 200 also includes a fan 260. The fan 260 serves as an auxiliary component for the air source heat pump unit 200 to complete heat exchange. It is set in relation to the evaporator 240 to enhance the airflow around the evaporator 240, increase the airflow volume and velocity, and promote the rapid absorption of heat from the air by the low-temperature working fluid in the evaporator 240, thus completing the evaporation and heat absorption process of the working fluid. Especially in low-temperature environments, the problem of insufficient air heat can be compensated by increasing the airflow volume and velocity, ensuring that the working fluid can absorb enough heat to enter the subsequent compression stage.

[0037] The heat storage coupling unit 300 is used to connect the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100 and the air source heat pump unit 200 to realize the transfer or storage of heat. The heat storage coupling unit 300 includes a first heat storage device 310, a second heat storage device 320, and a selection device 330.

[0038] The first heat storage device 310 includes a first heat release pipe 311 and a first heat absorption pipe 312, and the two are heat exchange devices. The embodiments of this application do not specifically limit the specific method of heat exchange device, such as winding and bonding, nesting, etc., as long as heat transfer can be achieved between the two.

[0039] The first heat storage device 310 also includes a first heat storage structure 313, which exchanges heat with the first heat absorption pipe 312. This embodiment does not specifically limit the specific method of heat conduction; for example, the first heat storage structure 313 can wrap around the first heat absorption pipe 312, or the first heat absorption pipe 312 can be embedded in the first heat storage structure 313, as long as the heat absorbed by the first heat storage structure 313 can be transferred to the first heat absorption pipe 312 to achieve energy transfer. Through heat exchange between the first heat storage structure 313 and the first heat absorption pipe 312, the first heat storage device 310 can store the heat energy released by the air source heat pump condenser 220. Optionally, the first heat storage structure 313 can be made of a phase change heat storage material.

[0040] The first heat storage structure 313 exchanges heat with the first heat release pipe 311, transferring the photovoltaic heat absorbed by the photovoltaic heat control unit 100 to the first heat absorption pipe 312, and can also store the photovoltaic heat absorbed by the photovoltaic heat control unit 100.

[0041] The first heat storage device 310 can absorb and / or store the photovoltaic heat absorbed by the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100 and the heat energy released by the air source heat pump condensing device 220, thereby achieving peak shaving and valley filling of heat and avoiding heat waste.

[0042] The second heat storage device 320 includes a second heat release pipe 321 and a second heat absorption pipe 322. This application embodiment does not specifically limit the heat exchange method; for example, it can be wrapped, nested, etc., as long as heat transfer between the two is ensured. In this application embodiment, the heat exchange method of the second heat release pipe 321 and the second heat absorption pipe 322 can be the same as or different from the heat exchange method of the first heat release pipe 311 and the first heat absorption pipe 312 of the first heat storage device 310.

[0043] The second heat storage device 320 can transfer the photovoltaic heat collected by the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100 to the working fluid of the air source heat pump unit 200, thereby realizing the direct utilization of photovoltaic heat.

[0044] The gate device 330 can control the opening and closing of the first heat dissipation pipe 311 and the circulation loop, and switch the heat utilization mode of the system. This application does not limit the specific setting of the gate device 330, as long as it can realize the control function, such as a three-way valve, a solenoid valve, etc.

[0045] When the first heat storage device 310 is connected to the air source heat pump unit 200, the inlet of the first heat absorption pipe 312 is connected to the heat exchange medium outlet 221 of the condensing device 220, that is, the inlet of the first heat absorption pipe 312 is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange medium pipe of the condensing device 220. The working fluid in the condensing device 220 releases heat, and the heat released by the working fluid is absorbed by the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange medium pipe. After the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange medium pipe is output from the heat exchange medium outlet 221, it flows through the first heat absorption pipe 312, where it further absorbs heat, or the heat is transferred to the first heat storage structure 313 through the first heat absorption pipe 312 for storage to realize the recovery of heat pump condensation heat energy.

[0046] The second heat storage device 320 is connected to the air source heat pump unit 200, and the second heat absorption pipe 322 is connected to the air source heat pump unit 200, located between the evaporator 240 and the compressor 210. After passing through the throttling device 230, the circulating working fluid becomes a low-temperature, low-pressure state. After evaporating in the evaporator 240, it becomes a low-temperature gaseous working fluid, and then flows through the second heat absorption pipe 322 to absorb the photovoltaic heat transferred by the second heat absorption pipe 322. It then enters the compressor 210 for compression and completes the subsequent cycle. The second heat storage device 320 transfers photovoltaic heat through the second heat release pipe 321 and the second heat absorption pipe 322, controlling the operating temperature of the photovoltaic system and improving the photovoltaic power generation efficiency. At the same time, the heat absorption through the second heat absorption pipe 322 ensures the superheat of the compressor intake, improves the operational safety of the air source heat pump system, reduces the system's operating power consumption, and improves the operating efficiency of the air source heat pump system.

[0047] The selection device 330 and the second heat dissipation pipe 321 are both connected between the inlet and outlet of the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100, forming a closed loop. The photovoltaic heat absorbed by the photovoltaic thermal component 110 by the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100 is transferred to the fluid in the loop. After absorbing heat, the fluid passes through the loop and transfers the heat to the second heat dissipation pipe 321 and / or the first heat dissipation pipe 311. For example, the fluid is water.

[0048] The selection device 330 can be responsible for controlling the on / off state of the pipeline. The selection device 330 establishes a connection relationship with the first heat release pipeline 311 and the circulation loop. Through its own valve core switching or on / off action, it can realize the two connection states of the first heat release pipeline 311 and the circulation loop.

[0049] Specifically, when the selection device 330 controls the first heat release pipe 311 to be connected to the circulation loop, the fluid output by the photovoltaic photothermal temperature control unit 100 can flow through the first heat release pipe 311, transferring photovoltaic heat to the first heat release pipe 311 of the first heat storage device 310. The first heat release pipe 311 transfers heat to the first heat absorption pipe 312, thereby enabling the heat exchange medium output from the heat exchange medium outlet 221 to further absorb heat as it flows through the first heat absorption pipe 312.

[0050] It is understandable that when the selection device 330 controls the first heat release pipe 311 to be connected to the circulation loop, the first heat release pipe 311 and the second heat release pipe 321 are connected in series. The fluid output by the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100 can flow through the first heat release pipe 311 and the second heat release pipe 321. The photovoltaic heat is exchanged in the first heat release pipe 311 and the second heat release pipe 321 respectively. In this way, the photovoltaic heat can be utilized in a gradient, thereby improving the heat utilization efficiency.

[0051] When the switching device 330 controls the first heat release pipe 311 to be cut off from the circulation loop, the fluid only flows through the second heat release pipe 321, and concentrates the photovoltaic heat to the second heat storage device 320 to provide a heat source for the air source heat pump unit 200, and reduces the return water temperature of the photovoltaic module, controlling the operating temperature of the photovoltaic module to be within a reasonable and efficient temperature range.

[0052] Therefore, the selection device 330 can flexibly control the opening and closing of the first heat release pipe 311 and the circulation loop of the first heat storage device 310, realizing dynamic switching of the photovoltaic heat supply path and adapting to the needs of different system operating conditions: when the light intensity is high, the photovoltaic thermal module operating temperature is high, and the hot water outlet temperature is high, the first heat release pipe 311 and the circulation loop are connected, so that the photovoltaic heat can be supplied to the first heat storage device 310 and the second heat storage device 320 at the same time, realizing the cascade recovery and utilization of heat, and ensuring that the temperature of the recovered water is within the temperature range that enables the photovoltaic thermal module to generate electricity efficiently. The system provides cooling for the photovoltaic thermal module, ensuring efficient power generation of the photovoltaic thermal module 110. When the light intensity is low (such as on cloudy days or in the evening), and the outlet water temperature of the photovoltaic thermal module is lower than the heat storage temperature of the first heat storage device 310, the first heat release pipe 311 is disconnected from the circulation loop. The heat in the photovoltaic thermal module is recovered and utilized only through the second heat release pipe 321 of the second heat storage device 320. This allows the system to adapt to different seasons and time periods of light intensity and heat demand, achieving efficient power generation and efficient heat utilization of the photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air source heat pump energy storage system throughout the year.

[0053] In summary, the photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air source heat pump energy storage system in this application embodiment cools the photovoltaic thermal module 110 through the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100 to improve power generation efficiency, and effectively collects the heat generated by the photovoltaic thermal module 110 to provide an additional heat source for the air source heat pump unit 200.

[0054] Please continue reading. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments, the heat storage coupling unit 300 includes a first branch L31 and a second branch L32, and the first heat release pipe 311 is connected to the second branch L32; wherein the first branch L31 and the second branch L32 are arranged in parallel and are both connected between the second heat release pipe 321 and the selection device 330.

[0055] The first branch L31 and the second branch L32 are connected in parallel, meaning that the inlets of both branches are connected to the same pipe node, and the outlets of both branches are also connected to the same pipe node. Specifically, both the first branch L31 and the second branch L32 are connected between the second heat dissipation pipe 321 and the selection device 330, that is, one end of each branch is connected to the outlet of the selection device 330, and the other end of each branch is connected to the inlet of the second heat dissipation pipe 321.

[0056] The heated fluid output by the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100 can be selected to flow through the first branch L31 or the second branch L32, or both branches simultaneously, according to the actual photovoltaic heat load and the heat demand of the heat pump system, through the control of the selection device 330. Different heat utilization modes can be switched without changing the overall pipeline structure. The structure is simple and highly feasible.

[0057] The first heat dissipation pipe 311 is connected to the second branch L32, preferably in series, and is embedded in the pipe path of the second branch L32.

[0058] When the selection device 330 controls the first heat release pipe 311 to be connected to the circulation loop, that is, the second branch L32 is turned on, the fluid first flows through the first heat release pipe 311 and then flows through the second heat release pipe 321, so that the photovoltaic heat can be absorbed and utilized in a gradient.

[0059] The fluid output from the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100 first flows through the first heat release pipe 311. At this time, the high-temperature photovoltaic heat carried by the fluid is transferred outward through the first heat release pipe 311, and the heat is transferred to the first heat absorption pipe 312 that is matched with it for heat exchange, and is further absorbed and superimposed by the medium output from the heat exchange medium outlet 221.

[0060] After releasing some high-temperature heat through the first heat release pipe 311, the temperature of the fluid decreases. Carrying the remaining medium- and low-temperature photovoltaic heat, it continues to enter the second heat release pipe 321. In the second heat release pipe 321, the medium- and low-temperature heat is transferred to the second heat absorption pipe 322 of the second heat storage device 320 to provide a heat source for the low-temperature working fluid at the outlet of the evaporator 240 in the air source heat pump unit 200, thereby increasing the suction temperature and reducing the power consumption of the compressor.

[0061] By using a series flow pattern where the heat first flows through the first heat release pipe 311 and then through the second heat release pipe 321, this system can utilize photovoltaic heat in at least two stages according to temperature grade.

[0062] This application embodiment may also include other heat storage devices, which may be disposed between the first heat storage device 310 and the second heat storage device 320 to further utilize the heat of the photovoltaic thermal module 110 in a gradient manner.

[0063] When the switching device 330 controls the first heat release pipe 311 to be disconnected from the circulation loop, that is, the first branch L31 is connected, the fluid flows only through the second heat release pipe 321, and the photovoltaic heat is concentrated and transferred to the second heat storage device 320.

[0064] This application does not limit the configuration of the selection device 330. For example, a three-way two-way valve can be installed at the outlet of the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100, or multiple control valves can be used to control the on / off state of the first branch L31 and the second branch L32 respectively. Please refer to Figure 2 A first control valve 331 is installed in the first branch L31, and a second control valve 332 is installed in the second branch L32. When it is necessary to connect the first heat release pipe 311 with the circulation loop, the first control valve 331 is closed and the second control valve 332 is open. When it is necessary to disconnect the first heat release pipe 311 from the circulation loop, the first control valve 331 is open and the second control valve 332 is closed.

[0065] In some embodiments, the outlet of the first heat-dissipating pipe 311 is connected to the inlet of the second heat-dissipating pipe 321, and the outlet of the second heat-dissipating pipe 321 is connected to the inlet of the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100.

[0066] The outlet of the first heat-releasing pipe 311 is connected to the inlet of the second heat-releasing pipe 321. The first heat-releasing pipe 311 and the second heat-releasing pipe 321 form a series connection, and the fluid can flow directly from the first heat-releasing pipe 311 into the second heat-releasing pipe 321.

[0067] The outlet of the second heat-dissipating pipe 321 is directly connected to the inlet of the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100, and the outlet of the second heat-dissipating pipe 321 is the return point of the fluid circulation. The photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100 absorbs photovoltaic heat, and the heated fluid flows to the selection device 330. The selection device 330 controls whether the first heat-dissipating pipe 311 is connected to or not connected to the circulation loop, and then flows through the second heat-dissipating pipe 321 and returns to the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100, and the fluid continues to circulate.

[0068] In this embodiment, photovoltaic heat can be utilized in a two-stage gradient within the heat storage coupling unit 300, achieving continuous heat transfer and full utilization. When the switching device 330 controls the first heat release pipe 311 to connect to the circulation loop and the second branch L32 to be turned on, the fluid carrying photovoltaic heat output by the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100 will first flow through the first heat release pipe 311 in the second branch L32, releasing high-temperature photovoltaic heat. After releasing some heat, the fluid temperature drops to a medium-low temperature, and then flows directly into the inlet of the second heat release pipe 321 through the outlet of the first heat release pipe 311. After entering the second heat release pipe 321, it continues to release medium-low temperature photovoltaic heat, which is then transferred to the second heat absorption pipe 322 to provide a heat source for the air source heat pump unit 200.

[0069] In some embodiments, the air source heat pump unit 200 includes a main circuit structure and a branch circuit structure L22. The compression device 210, the condensing device 220, the throttling device 230 and the evaporating device 240 are connected in sequence through the main circuit structure. The main circuit structure includes a first main circuit section L21, and the condensing device 220 and the throttling device 230 are disposed in the first main circuit section L21. The branch circuit structure L22 is disposed in parallel with the first main circuit section L21 and is connected between the outlet of the compression device 210 and the inlet of the evaporating device 240.

[0070] The air source heat pump unit 200 includes a main circuit structure and a branch circuit structure L22. The two work together to adapt to the needs of the heat pump system under different operating conditions, ensuring the high efficiency and flexibility of the system operation.

[0071] The main circuit structure enables the air source heat pump unit 200 to achieve working fluid circulation and complete heat transfer. The compression device 210, condensation device 220, throttling device 230 and evaporation device 240 are connected in sequence through the main circuit structure to form a closed main circulation loop of compression device 210 → condensation device 220 → throttling device 230 → evaporation device 240 → compression device 210. This ensures that the working fluid can complete the heat pump cycle of compression and heating → condensation and heat release → throttling and cooling → evaporation and heat absorption in a preset order, thereby realizing the transfer and utilization of heat and meeting basic heating needs.

[0072] The main circuit structure includes a first main circuit section L21, where a condenser 220 and a throttling device 230 are located. Specifically, the first main circuit section L21 is the section in the main circuit structure where the condenser 220 and the throttling device 230 are connected in series. In the first main circuit section L21, the high-temperature, high-pressure liquid working fluid released by the condenser 220 is precisely delivered to the throttling device 230, achieving orderly throttling and cooling of the working fluid. This provides a suitable low-temperature, low-pressure working fluid for the subsequent evaporation heat absorption of the evaporator 240, ensuring the operation of the main circulation loop.

[0073] Branch structure L22 is connected in parallel with the first main section L21, connecting the outlet of the compressor 210 and the inlet of the evaporator 240. Branch structure L22 and the first main section L21 share two connection points: one end connects to the outlet of the compressor 210, and the other end connects to the inlet of the evaporator 240. The two branches run independently and in parallel, and the working fluid can be selected to flow only through the first main section L21 or only through branch structure L22 according to the operating conditions, without interfering with each other. For example, in heating mode, the first main circuit L21 is in a conducting state, the branch circuit L22 is in a closed state, and the working fluid in the air source heat pump unit 200 circulates in the closed main loop of compression device 210 → condensation device 220 → throttling device 230 → evaporation device 240 → compression device 210; in defrosting mode, the first main circuit L21 is in a nearly closed or completely closed state, the branch circuit L22 is in a conducting state, and circulates in the closed loop of compression device 210 → evaporation device 240 → compression device 210.

[0074] The air source heat pump unit 200 can control the on / off state of the first main section L21 and the branch structure L22 through the control valve 270 and the throttling device 230. The control valve 270 is connected between the outlet of the compressor 210 and the inlet of the evaporator 240.

[0075] In some embodiments, the branch structure L22 includes a control valve 270, which is used to control the on / off state of the branch structure L22.

[0076] The throttling device 230 has its own working fluid flow control function. It can control the flow rate of the working fluid flowing through the first main section L21 by adjusting the opening of its own valve core. It can control the flow rate of the working fluid when it passes through. A control valve 270 is set in the branch structure L22. The control valve 270 can cooperate with the throttling device 230 to control the on / off state of the first main section L21 and the branch structure L22.

[0077] The control valve 270 is preferably one of an electromagnetic control valve, an electric shut-off valve, or a pneumatic control valve, which can realize the opening and closing of the branch structure L22 according to the operating conditions and working fluid flow requirements of the air source heat pump unit 200.

[0078] When the system is in heating mode, the control valve 270 controls the branch structure L22 to disconnect, and the throttling device 230 adjusts the opening according to the operating conditions. All working fluid flows through the first main section L21 to achieve a complete heat pump main cycle and ensure heating efficiency. When the system is in defrosting mode, the control valve 270 controls the branch structure L22 to open, and the throttling device 230 reduces the opening to limit the working fluid flow in the first main section L21 for defrosting.

[0079] The control valve 270 can be electrically connected to the system's control unit to receive operating condition signals from the control system, enabling automated on / off control, or it can be manually controlled, improving operational flexibility.

[0080] Please see Figure 3 In some embodiments, the system further includes a power generation management unit 400, which includes an inverter 410 and a battery 420; the input terminal of the inverter 410 is electrically connected to the photovoltaic thermal module 110, and the output terminal of the inverter 410 is connected to each power consumption unit of the system.

[0081] This application embodiment sets up a power generation management unit 400 to coordinate the conversion, storage and supply of photovoltaic power, and allocate the power generation function of the photovoltaic thermal module 110 and the power demand of the air source heat pump unit 200, thereby solving the problem of power waste or unstable power supply caused by the volatility and intermittency of photovoltaic power generation, and further improving the system's energy autonomy, energy saving and operational stability.

[0082] The power generation management unit 400 includes an inverter 410 and a battery 420. The inverter 410 is a component for power conversion, used to convert DC power into AC power. The battery 420 is a component for power storage, used to store photovoltaic power, shaving peaks and filling valleys, solving the problem of power supply fluctuations caused by the influence of sunlight and temperature on photovoltaic power generation, and ensuring the stable power supply of the air source heat pump unit 200.

[0083] The input terminal of inverter 410 is electrically connected to photovoltaic thermal module 110, and is used to transmit the DC power generated by photovoltaic thermal module 110 after absorbing sunlight to the input terminal of inverter 410. The output terminal of inverter 410 is connected to each electrical unit of the system, specifically to one or more of the electrical components of water pump 130 and air source heat pump unit 200, such as control valve 270, compressor 210, throttling device 230, and fan 260, so as to supply the electrical energy output by inverter 410 to each electrical component.

[0084] The battery 420 is electrically connected to the inverter 410 in a bidirectional manner. This means the battery 420 can both receive (charge) and output (discharge) electrical energy to the inverter 410. A charge / discharge protection module can be installed at the connection point to prevent overcharging, over-discharging, and short circuits, thus extending the battery 420's lifespan. When the photovoltaic thermal module 110 generates sufficient power, the inverter 410 transfers excess DC power to the battery 420 to charge it, storing the excess photovoltaic energy and preventing waste. When the photovoltaic thermal module 110 generates insufficient power or no power at all, the battery 420 outputs DC power to the inverter 410, which converts it into AC power to supply various power-consuming units, ensuring a continuous power supply.

[0085] Meanwhile, the electrical connection between the battery 420 and the inverter 410 can also play a role in stabilizing power supply: when the voltage and power of the photovoltaic thermal module 110 fluctuate, the battery 420 can quickly replenish or store energy, balance the input and output power of the inverter 410, and ensure that the power output of the inverter 410 to the power consumption unit is always stable, avoiding abnormal operation of the power consumption unit due to fluctuations in photovoltaic power supply.

[0086] In some embodiments, the circulation loop further includes a drive element 130, which is disposed between the outlet of the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100 and the inlet interface of the gating device 330, for driving the heat exchange medium to circulate within the circulation loop. Optionally, the drive element 130 is a pump.

[0087] Optionally, the output of the inverter 410 is electrically connected to the drive unit 130 to provide power for the operation of the drive unit 130.

[0088] In some embodiments, the input terminal of the inverter 410 is also electrically connected to the power grid. When the photovoltaic thermal module 110 generates insufficient power or the battery 420 is depleted, failing to meet the power demands of each power-consuming unit in the system, the power grid can supply power to the system through the input terminal of the inverter 410, ensuring uninterrupted system operation and solving the problems of intermittent photovoltaic power supply and limited energy storage power supply. Simultaneously, the power grid supply can also serve as an emergency backup power source. When the inverter 410 or battery 420 fails, the system can quickly switch to grid power supply to ensure the normal operation of each power-consuming unit.

[0089] In some embodiments, the system further includes a control unit, which includes a sensor module, a control module, and an execution module; the sensor module includes a photosensor, a temperature sensor, and a pressure sensor; the temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature at each control point of the system, the pressure sensor is used to detect the pressure of the circulating working fluid in the system, and the photosensor is used to detect the light intensity; the control module is connected to the sensor module and the execution module.

[0090] The control unit is used to realize the intelligent data acquisition, logical operation and automatic regulation of the entire photovoltaic temperature control coupled air source heat pump energy storage system, and to ensure the coordinated operation of photovoltaic temperature control and heat pump.

[0091] The sensor module is used to collect environmental parameters, medium parameters, and equipment operating parameters in real time during system operation. Specifically, the sensor module includes a photosensitive sensor, a temperature sensor, and a pressure sensor. The temperature sensors are respectively arranged at the fluid inlet and outlet of the photovoltaic-thermal temperature control unit 100 to detect the inlet and outlet temperatures of the heat exchange medium inside the cooling pipe in real time, accurately reflecting the heat exchange temperature rise status of the photovoltaic-thermal temperature control unit 100 and providing temperature basis for photovoltaic heat dissipation regulation and heat distribution logic. The pressure sensor is arranged on the working fluid circulation pipe of the air source heat pump unit to detect the pipe pressure of the heat pump working fluid in real time, determining the operating load of the compression device, pipe pressure difference, and frosting conditions, providing pressure judgment conditions for heat pump defrosting, branch switching, and flow regulation. The photosensitive sensor is arranged around the photovoltaic-thermal module to collect ambient light intensity signals in real time and monitor changes in external light, so that the system can adaptively adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic-thermal module to match the photovoltaic heat generation capacity, achieving dynamic adaptation between photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal acquisition.

[0092] The control module is the core processing component of the control unit. Preferably, it is a programmable logic controller (PLC) or an embedded microcontroller. The control module establishes signal connections with the photosensor, temperature sensor, and pressure sensor, receiving real-time monitoring signals such as light intensity, medium temperature, and working fluid pressure collected by the sensor modules. It then performs calculations, analysis, and logical judgments on the collected data. Simultaneously, the control module has preset thresholds for light intensity, temperature, and pressure. Based on the comparison between real-time monitoring data and these preset thresholds, it can generate corresponding control commands.

[0093] The execution module includes various controllable valves, regulating components, and power components within the system, such as the gate device, branch control valves, drive components, fans, and photovoltaic angle adjustment mechanisms. All execution modules are signal-connected to the control module, receiving control commands from the control module and performing mechanical actions. Specifically, the control module can control the on / off state of the gate device based on the photovoltaic medium temperature, enabling mode switching between the heat storage branch and the heat exchange branch; it can determine the frosting state based on the working fluid pressure and control the internal branch structure of the air source heat pump unit to complete defrosting switching; it can automatically adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic thermal module based on the light intensity to optimize the light-receiving area; and it can simultaneously coordinate with the drive components and fans to adjust the medium flow rate and air convection intensity, achieving coordinated control of the entire system.

[0094] In this embodiment, through the cooperation of the sensor module, control module and execution module, the system can sense changes in external light, medium temperature and heat pump working fluid pressure in real time, and automatically switch between photovoltaic heat dissipation mode, heat utilization mode and defrosting mode. Intelligent regulation can be completed without manual intervention, effectively improving the system's operational stability, operating condition adaptability and comprehensive energy utilization efficiency.

[0095] For example, when the temperature sensor detects that the fluid temperature at the outlet of the circulation pipe 120 is higher than the preset upper limit threshold, it indicates that the photovoltaic thermal module 110 generates a lot of heat energy and the fluid carries too much heat. At this time, the control module outputs a command to the execution module to regulate the gating device 330 to open the second branch L32, so that the fluid flows through the first heat release pipe 311 to release heat. At the same time, the heat pump is controlled to be coupled with the photovoltaic thermal system to extract the heat source inside the photovoltaic system first, control the operating temperature of the photovoltaic thermal module, and improve the heating efficiency.

[0096] When the temperature sensor detects that the outlet fluid temperature of the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100 is lower than the preset lower threshold, it indicates that the heat generation of the photovoltaic thermal module 110 has decreased and the fluid is not carrying enough heat. At this time, the control module outputs a command to the execution module to regulate the gate device 330 to disconnect the second branch L32 and connect the first branch L31. At the same time, the flow regulating valve is adjusted to reduce the fluid flow rate and control the temperature of the photovoltaic thermal module 110 to be within a suitable temperature range.

[0097] In some embodiments, the control unit is also connected to the photovoltaic thermal module 110 by signal, and can automatically adjust the angle of the photovoltaic thermal module 110 in combination with real-time changes in light intensity, so as to ensure that the photovoltaic thermal module 110 is always in the optimal light-receiving posture, thereby maximizing the photovoltaic power generation efficiency and the stability of photovoltaic heat output.

[0098] In some embodiments, the second heat storage device 320 further includes a second heat storage structure 323 that is thermally connected to the second heat absorption pipe 322 and the second heat release pipe 321.

[0099] The second heat storage structure 323 is thermally connected to the second heat absorption pipe 322 and the second heat release pipe 321. This embodiment does not specifically limit the method of thermal connection; for example, the second heat storage structure 323 may wrap around the second heat absorption pipe 322, or the second heat absorption pipe 322 may be embedded in the second heat storage structure 323, as long as the heat absorbed by the second heat release pipe 321 can be transferred to the second heat storage structure 323 for storage. Optionally, the second heat storage structure 323 may be made of a phase change heat storage material.

[0100] During daytime defrosting, the heat of the second heat storage device 320 is rapidly replenished by the photovoltaic temperature control module; during nighttime defrosting, the heat of the second heat storage device 320 is provided by the heat storage capacity of the second heat storage structure 323, and the heat storage capacity is designed and matched according to the daily load.

[0101] In this embodiment, the layout design of the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100, the air source heat pump unit 200, and the heat storage coupling unit 300 can be flexibly selected according to the actual installation scenario, space size, and usage requirements, and can be either a split design or an integrated design.

[0102] The split design refers to the independent arrangement of the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100, the air source heat pump unit 200, and the heat storage coupling unit 300. Each of them has its own independent installation space and fixed structure. The three are connected by preset pipelines and signal lines to ensure smooth flow of fluid and heat exchange medium, heat transfer and signal linkage.

[0103] The integrated design refers to the design of combining the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100, the heat storage coupling unit 300 and the air source heat pump unit 200 into a single integrated device, which is uniformly arranged on the outer surface of the air source heat pump unit 200 to form an integrated structure.

[0104] The photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air-source heat pump energy storage system provided in this application can be tailored to different usage scenarios. The following will combine... Figures 1 to 3 Provide a detailed description. Figures 1 to 3 In the diagram, all piping is indicated by solid lines, while electrical or signal connections are indicated by dashed lines. It should be noted that... Figures 1 to 3 The dashed and solid lines in the diagram do not constitute a limitation on the external outline of each component of the photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air source heat pump energy storage system.

[0105] During periods of intense summer sunlight, the photovoltaic (PV) thermal module 110 experiences a surge in heat generation alongside increased power generation efficiency. If this heat cannot be dissipated promptly, the temperature of the PV thermal module 110 will rise, leading to a decrease in power generation efficiency. At this time, the PV thermal temperature control unit 100 activates. Driven by the drive component 130, the fluid in the circulation pipe 120 flows along the branched pipes, adhering to the surface of each PV panel, effectively absorbing the heat generated by the PV thermal module 110 and rapidly reducing its surface temperature to prevent power generation efficiency degradation due to high temperatures. Simultaneously, the temperature sensor in the control unit continuously monitors the fluid temperature at the outlet of the PV thermal temperature control unit 100 and feeds it back to the control module to ensure adequate heat dissipation.

[0106] Based on the fluid temperature feedback from the temperature sensor, the control module outputs a control command to the gate device 330, controlling the gate device 330 to open the second branch L32 and close the first branch L31, so that the first heat release pipe 311 is connected to the circulation loop, realizing the gradient utilization of photovoltaic thermal energy. The fluid carrying a large amount of high-temperature photovoltaic heat first flows through the first heat release pipe 311 in the second branch L32, transferring the high-temperature photovoltaic heat to the first heat storage structure 313 for storage. The first heat absorption pipe 312 then obtains heat from the first heat storage structure 313 through heat exchange, realizing peak shaving and valley filling of photovoltaic high-temperature thermal energy and avoiding heat waste. At the same time, the heat exchange medium output from the heat exchange medium outlet 221 flows through the first heat absorption pipe 312, further absorbing heat, which is superimposed on the heat energy released by the condensation device 220, storing heat for subsequent hot water supply. After releasing high-temperature heat through the first heat release pipe 311, the temperature of the heat exchange medium drops to a medium-low temperature and continues to flow into the second heat release pipe 321 connected in series. The photovoltaic heat in the medium-low temperature section is transferred to the second heat absorption pipe 322 of the second heat storage device 320 to provide a heat source for the air source heat pump unit 200.

[0107] According to user needs, the air source heat pump unit 200 starts the main circuit structure to complete the cycle. The compression device 210, condensation device 220, throttling device 230, and evaporation device 240 operate sequentially, and the working fluid completes the cycle process of "compression heating → condensation heat release → throttling cooling → evaporation heat absorption". At the same time, the fan 260 starts corresponding to the evaporation device 240, accelerating air flow and improving the heat absorption efficiency of the evaporation device 240. In addition, when the low-temperature gaseous working fluid at the outlet of the evaporation device 240 flows through the second heat absorption pipe 322, it absorbs the medium and low temperature photovoltaic thermal energy, reducing the compression power consumption of the compression device 210 and improving the operating efficiency of the heat pump. The heat released by the condensation device 220 and the heat output by the first heat absorption pipe 312 are superimposed to achieve efficient supply of hot water to the user side.

[0108] The DC power generated by the photovoltaic thermal module 110 is converted into AC power by the inverter 410 and is preferentially supplied to the drive unit 130 and the compressor 210, fan 260 and other electrical components of the air source heat pump unit 200. Excess power is transferred to the battery 420 for storage to avoid power waste. If the photovoltaic power generation is sufficient and the battery 420 is fully charged, it can be fed back to the grid through the inverter 410 to realize bidirectional power distribution.

[0109] In winter, with weak sunlight and low ambient temperature, the photovoltaic thermal module 110 generates less heat, allowing the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100 to operate under low load. The drive unit 130 adjusts the fluid flow rate to a suitable range, and the fluid circulation in the circulation pipe 120 absorbs the small amount of heat generated by the photovoltaic thermal module 110, preventing the photovoltaic thermal module 110 from being affected by condensation or ice formation due to low temperature, thus avoiding excessive heat dissipation and causing the photovoltaic thermal module 110 to become too cold. The temperature sensor of the control unit detects the fluid temperature in real time. If the temperature is lower than the preset lower limit threshold, the control module adjusts the flow regulating valve to reduce the flow rate, further reducing heat loss.

[0110] Based on the fluid temperature feedback from the temperature sensor, the control module outputs a control command to the gating device 330, controlling the gating device 330 to disconnect the second branch L32 and connect the first branch L31, thereby cutting off the first heat release pipe 311 from the circulation loop. The fluid flows only through the first branch L31 and the second heat release pipe 321, avoiding the loss of photovoltaic thermal energy in the first heat storage device 310 and concentrating the photovoltaic thermal energy to the second heat release pipe 321 to provide an auxiliary heat source for the air source heat pump unit 200.

[0111] When the air source heat pump unit 200 starts operating on its main circuit, the fan 260 starts corresponding to the evaporator 240, accelerating the flow of ambient air and absorbing a small amount of heat from the air. The low-temperature gaseous working fluid from the outlet of the evaporator 240 flows through the second heat absorption pipe 322, absorbing the concentrated photovoltaic thermal energy transferred within it, thus reducing the compression power consumption of the compressor 210 in low-temperature environments. The heat released by the condenser 220, combined with the heat stored in the first heat absorption pipe 312, is used partly for heating on the user side and partly for hot water supply, achieving synergy between heating and hot water supply. Furthermore, the throttling device 230 is adjusted to a suitable opening to ensure stable working fluid circulation and improve the heat pump's heating efficiency.

[0112] The small amount of DC power generated by the photovoltaic thermal module 110 is converted by the inverter 410 and given priority to the drive unit 130 of the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100 and the control valve 270 and fan 260 of the air source heat pump unit 200. If the photovoltaic power generation is insufficient, the battery 420 starts to discharge to supplement the system's power demand. If the battery 420 is depleted, the grid supplies power to the system through the inverter 410 to ensure uninterrupted system operation and the continuity of heating and hot water supply in winter.

[0113] When the ambient temperature is low and the humidity is high in winter, the surface of the evaporator 240 of the air source heat pump unit 200 is prone to frost formation, which leads to a decrease in the heat absorption efficiency of the evaporator 240, an increase in the energy consumption of the heat pump, and even affects the normal operation of the system. After the system enters the defrosting mode, the air source heat pump unit 200 achieves defrosting without interrupting the hot water supply by switching between the branch structure L22 and the main structure. The control module outputs commands to the control valve 270 and the throttling device 230 of the branch structure L22, so that the control valve 270 opens the branch structure L22, and at the same time controls the throttling device 230 to reduce the opening degree, limiting the working fluid flow of the first main section L21 (almost closing it), so that the working fluid of the air source heat pump unit 200 switches to a closed loop of "compression device 210 → branch structure L22 → evaporator 240 → compression device 210", thus realizing the defrosting function. At this time, the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous working fluid discharged from the compression device 210 flows directly to the evaporation device 240 through the branch structure L22 without passing through the condensation device 220 and the throttling device 230. The high temperature heat of the working fluid itself melts the frost layer on the surface of the evaporation device 240, completing the defrosting process. The condensate generated by the melting of the frost layer is discharged in time to prevent re-freezing.

[0114] During the defrosting process, although the condenser 220 does not participate in the main working fluid circulation, the heat exchange medium pipeline can still continue to operate. The first heat storage structure 313 releases the stored heat energy and transfers it to the medium output by the heat exchange medium outlet 221 through the first heat absorption pipeline 312, continuously providing hot water to the user side, realizing the parallel operation of defrosting and hot water supply, and solving the problem that traditional heat pumps cannot supply hot water during defrosting.

[0115] In summary, the photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air-source heat pump energy storage system of this application embodiment, through the intelligent regulation of the control unit and the coordinated cooperation of each unit, can automatically switch the working mode according to different working conditions such as strong sunlight in summer, normal operation in winter, and defrosting in winter. This ensures the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic thermal module 110 and the operational stability of the system, while making full use of photovoltaic thermal energy to reduce the energy consumption of the air-source heat pump unit 200. Especially in the defrosting mode, it can achieve uninterrupted hot water supply from the air-source heat pump unit 200, further improving the practicality and user experience of the system and adapting to different seasons and different usage needs.

[0116] Secondly, please refer to the following: Figures 1 to 3This application provides an operation control method for a photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air-source heat pump energy storage system according to a first aspect embodiment, comprising: acquiring the fluid temperature at the outlet of the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100; when the fluid temperature is higher than a first threshold, controlling the first heat release pipe 311 of the first heat storage device 310 to be in a conductive state with the circulation loop through the selection device 330, so that the fluid output by the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100 flows sequentially through the first heat release pipe 311 and the second heat release pipe 321, storing the heat of the fluid using the first heat storage structure 310, and exchanging the heat medium of the condenser 220 in the air-source heat pump unit 200 through the first heat absorption pipe 312. The heat exchange medium output from outlet 221 is used for heat exchange, and the working fluid between the evaporator 240 and the compressor 210 in the air source heat pump unit 200 is heated through the second heat absorption pipe 322. When the fluid temperature is lower than the first threshold, the first heat release pipe 311 is controlled to be disconnected from the circulation loop through the selection device 330, so that the fluid output from the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100 flows only through the second heat release pipe 321, and the working fluid between the evaporator 240 and the compressor 210 in the air source heat pump unit 200 is heated through the second heat absorption pipe 322. The first heat storage structure 310 stores the heat of the heat exchange medium in the first heat absorption pipe 312.

[0117] The operation control method of this application embodiment uses the fluid temperature at the outlet of the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100 as the basis for regulation. The linkage selection device 330 realizes the on / off control of the first heat release pipeline 311 and the circulation loop, so as to meet the synergistic requirements of photovoltaic temperature control and heat utilization of the system and improve the energy saving and stability of the system operation.

[0118] The fluid temperature at the outlet of the photovoltaic-thermal temperature control unit 100 is collected to provide a basis for subsequent on / off control. During temperature acquisition, a temperature sensor located at the outlet of the circulation pipe 120 of the photovoltaic-thermal temperature control unit 100 collects the fluid temperature data in the pipe in real time. For example, the temperature sensor adopts a continuous acquisition mode, and the acquisition frequency can be set according to the system's control accuracy requirements to ensure that fluctuations in fluid temperature can be captured in a timely manner, avoiding control lag due to acquisition delay.

[0119] The temperature sensor transmits the real-time fluid temperature data it collects to the control module. Optionally, after receiving the temperature signal, the control module filters and reduces noise to eliminate abnormal data caused by environmental interference and sensor errors, thus obtaining the actual fluid temperature value and ensuring the accuracy of the results.

[0120] The control module compares the processed actual fluid temperature value with the system's preset first threshold in real time. The core basis for setting the first threshold is based on the user's temperature requirements, the fluid's heat carrying capacity, and the heat requirements of the air source heat pump unit 200. It is usually set to 45-60℃. The setting of the first threshold must take into account both the heat dissipation of the photovoltaic thermal module 110 and the utilization of photovoltaic heat, so as to avoid the photovoltaic thermal module 110 overheating due to the threshold being too high, or the photovoltaic heat being wasted due to the threshold being too low.

[0121] When the fluid temperature exceeds a first threshold, the first heat release pipe 311 is connected to the circulation loop. When the control module determines that the actual fluid temperature exceeds the preset first threshold, it indicates that the fluid in the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100 has absorbed a large amount of heat generated by the photovoltaic thermal module 110, the photovoltaic thermal module 110 is at risk of overheating, and the fluid carries sufficient photovoltaic heat. At this time, the control module executes conduction control, for example, in summer operation. The control module outputs a conduction command to the selection device 330 in the control valve group. After receiving the conduction command, the selection device 330 switches to the conduction state, connecting the first heat release pipe 311 to the system circulation loop. At this time, the fluid output by the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100, carrying a large amount of photovoltaic heat, can flow smoothly through the first heat release pipe 311 and enter the subsequent heat transfer and gradient utilization process.

[0122] To further enhance the control effect, the control module can synchronously link with other components to achieve coordinated control: on the one hand, it controls the increase of the medium flow rate of the photovoltaic temperature control and photothermal unit 100, accelerates the fluid circulation speed, improves the heat dissipation efficiency of the photovoltaic photothermal component 110, quickly reduces the fluid temperature, and avoids the photovoltaic photothermal component 110 from continuously overheating; on the other hand, it can link with the second heat storage structure 323 to prepare for the storage of excess photovoltaic heat, and simultaneously link with the air source heat pump unit 200 to maximize the utilization of the current sufficient photovoltaic heat and reduce power consumption.

[0123] When the fluid temperature is below the first threshold, the first heat release pipe 311 is disconnected from the circulation loop. When the control module determines that the actual fluid temperature is below the preset first threshold, it indicates that the fluid in the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100 carries less photovoltaic heat, the photovoltaic thermal module 110 temperature is within the optimal operating range, there is no risk of overheating, and the photovoltaic heat is insufficient, for example, in winter conditions. If the first heat release pipe 311 continues to be connected, it will cause reverse absorption of heat from the user side. At this time, the control module executes disconnection control. The control module outputs a disconnection command to the selection device 330. After receiving the disconnection command, the selection device 330 switches to the disconnection state, cutting off the connection between the first heat release pipe 311 and the system circulation loop. At this time, the fluid output by the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100 no longer flows through the first heat release pipe 311, but directly flows into the second heat release pipe 321 through the first branch L31.

[0124] On the one hand, the flow rate of the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit 100 is reduced, the circulation speed of the fluid is decreased, the heat loss of the photovoltaic thermal module 110 is reduced, the optimal operating temperature of the photovoltaic thermal module 110 is maintained, and the power generation efficiency is guaranteed. On the other hand, the second heat storage structure 323 is linked to release the previously stored heat to supplement the current photovoltaic heat shortage and provide an auxiliary heat source for the air source heat pump unit 200, so as to avoid the heat pump unit's operating efficiency from decreasing. At the same time, the power generation management unit 400 is linked to control the battery 420 to discharge and replenish energy if the photovoltaic power generation is insufficient, so as to ensure the stable operation of the system.

[0125] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air source heat pump energy storage system is a branch structure L22 of the air source heat pump unit 200 that includes a control valve 270. After the step of controlling the first heat release pipeline 311 to be disconnected from the circulation loop when the fluid temperature is lower than a first threshold, the system further includes: determining the dew point temperature based on the temperature and humidity of the environment where the air source heat pump unit 200 is located; entering the defrost monitoring mode when the inlet temperature of the evaporator 240 is lower than the dew point temperature; and controlling the throttling device 230 to be turned off and the control valve 270 to be turned on after the defrost conditions are met.

[0126] Based on the temperature and humidity of the environment where the air source heat pump unit 200 is located, the dew point temperature is determined. The dew point temperature refers to the temperature at which the air is cooled to saturation when the air moisture content and air pressure in the environment where the air source heat pump unit 200 is located remain constant. It is an important basis for judging whether the evaporator 240 will produce condensation or frost. When the surface temperature of the evaporator 240 (which can be indirectly reflected by the inlet temperature of the evaporator 240) is lower than the dew point temperature, the water vapor in the ambient air will condense on the surface of the evaporator 240. In low-temperature environments, frost will further form, blocking the heat exchange channels of the evaporator 240, reducing heat exchange efficiency, or even damaging the evaporator 240.

[0127] A temperature and humidity sensor can be added to the surrounding environment of the air source heat pump unit 200 and connected to the control module. The temperature and humidity sensor collects ambient temperature and humidity data in real time and transmits the collected data to the control module. After receiving the data, the control module removes abnormal data caused by environmental interference and processes the data. Finally, the control module uses a preset dew point temperature calculation algorithm (such as the Magnus-Tetens formula), substitutes the ambient temperature and humidity parameters, and automatically calculates the dew point temperature under the current environment. The calculation result is stored in real time as the core judgment basis for subsequent control.

[0128] In addition, the control module can update the dew point temperature calculation results in real time according to changes in ambient temperature and humidity, ensuring the accuracy and timeliness of the dew point temperature, adapting to the working conditions of dynamic changes in environmental parameters, and avoiding control errors caused by the lag in dew point temperature calculation.

[0129] When the inlet temperature of the evaporator 240 is lower than the dew point temperature, the defrost monitoring mode is entered. After the defrost conditions are met, the throttling device 230 is shut off and the control valve 270 is opened. A temperature sensor can be added at the inlet of the evaporator 240 of the air source heat pump unit 200, connected to the control module, to collect the working fluid temperature at the inlet of the evaporator 240 (i.e., the inlet temperature of the evaporator 240) in real time, and transmit the temperature data to the control module in real time for comparison with the calculated dew point temperature.

[0130] The throttling device 230 is installed in the main circuit structure of the air source heat pump unit 200. Its function is to control the flow rate of the working fluid in the main circuit and realize the throttling and cooling of the working fluid.

[0131] The control module outputs a conduction command to the control valve 270. After receiving the command, the control valve 270 switches to the conduction state, making the branch structure L22 conduct. Through the conduction of the branch structure L22, a temporary circulation path for the working fluid is established, allowing the high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid output by the compressor 210 to flow directly to the inlet of the evaporator 240 through the branch structure L22. The heat of the high-temperature working fluid is used to heat the inlet area of ​​the evaporator 240, indirectly increasing the surface temperature of the evaporator 240 and alleviating or eliminating the condensation and icing phenomena that have occurred. At the same time, the conduction of the branch structure L22 can maintain the continuity of the working fluid circulation of the air source heat pump unit 200, avoiding the interruption of the working fluid circulation due to the shutdown of the throttling device 230. This ensures that the heat pump unit can complete the anti-condensation and anti-icing regulation without stopping the machine, improving the continuity and stability of the system operation.

[0132] During the defrosting process, although the condenser 220 does not participate in the main working fluid circulation, the heat exchange medium pipeline can still continue to operate. The first heat storage structure 313 releases the stored heat energy and transfers it to the medium output by the heat exchange medium outlet 221 through the first heat absorption pipeline 312, continuously providing hot water to the user side, realizing the parallel operation of defrosting and hot water supply, and solving the problem that traditional heat pumps cannot supply hot water during defrosting.

[0133] Understandably, when the control module determines that the outlet temperature of the evaporator 240 is higher than or equal to the dew point temperature, it means that the evaporator 240 is no longer at risk of condensation or icing. At this time, the control module synchronously outputs a reverse regulation command to control the throttling device 230 to turn on and the control valve 270 to turn off, so that the air source heat pump unit 200 returns to normal operation. The main circuit structure continues to achieve a complete circulation of the working fluid, while the branch circuit structure L22 stops working, ensuring that the heating efficiency of the heat pump unit is not affected.

[0134] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air-source heat pump energy storage system, characterized in that, include: Photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit, used to absorb heat from photovoltaic thermal modules; An air source heat pump unit includes a compressor, a condenser, a throttling device, and an evaporator connected in sequence. A heat storage coupling unit includes a first heat storage device, a second heat storage device, and a selection device. The first heat storage device includes a first heat release pipeline and a first heat absorption pipeline with heat exchange configuration, and a first heat storage structure with heat conduction configuration to the first heat absorption pipeline and the first heat release pipeline. The second heat storage device includes a second heat release pipeline and a second heat absorption pipeline with heat exchange configuration. The inlet of the first heat absorption pipe is connected to the heat exchange medium outlet of the condensing device, and the second heat absorption pipe is connected to the air source heat pump unit and located between the evaporating device and the compression device. The selection device and the second heat release pipe are both connected between the inlet and outlet of the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit to form a circulation loop, and the heat storage coupling unit controls the on / off state between the first heat release pipe and the circulation loop through the selection device.

2. The photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air-source heat pump energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat storage coupling unit includes a first branch and a second branch, wherein the first heat release pipe is connected to the second branch; The first branch and the second branch are connected in parallel and are both connected between the second heat dissipation pipeline and the selection device.

3. The photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air-source heat pump energy storage system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The outlet of the first heat-releasing pipe is connected to the inlet of the second heat-releasing pipe, and the outlet of the second heat-releasing pipe is connected to the inlet of the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit.

4. The photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air-source heat pump energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air source heat pump unit includes a main circuit structure and a branch circuit structure. The compression device, the condensing device, the throttling device, and the evaporating device are sequentially connected through the main circuit structure. The main circuit structure includes a first main circuit section, in which the condensing device and the throttling device are located. The branch circuit structure is connected in parallel with the first main circuit section and is located between the outlet of the compression device and the inlet of the evaporating device.

5. The photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air-source heat pump energy storage system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The branch structure includes a control valve, which is used to control the on / off state of the branch structure.

6. The photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air-source heat pump energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a power generation management unit, which includes an inverter and a battery; The input terminal of the inverter is connected to the photovoltaic and solar thermal modules and the battery, and the output terminal of the inverter is connected to each power-consuming unit of the system.

7. The photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air-source heat pump energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system further includes a control unit, which includes a sensor module, a control module, and an execution module. The sensor module includes a photosensor, a temperature sensor, and a pressure sensor. The temperature sensor is located at the inlet and outlet of the photovoltaic-thermal temperature control unit and is used to detect the fluid temperature at the inlet and outlet of the photovoltaic-thermal temperature control unit. The pressure sensor is used to detect the pressure of the circulating working fluid in the system. The photosensor is used to detect the light intensity. The control module is connected to the sensor module and the execution module.

8. The photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air-source heat pump energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second heat storage device also includes a second heat storage structure that is thermally connected to the second heat absorption pipe and the second heat release pipe.

9. A method for operating and controlling a photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air-source heat pump energy storage system based on any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, include: Obtain the fluid temperature at the outlet of the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit; When the fluid temperature is higher than the first threshold, the first heat release pipeline of the first heat storage device and the circulation loop are controlled to be in a conductive state by the gating device, so that the fluid output by the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit flows through the first heat release pipeline and the second heat release pipeline in sequence, and the heat of the fluid is stored by the first heat storage structure. The heat exchange medium output from the heat exchange medium outlet of the condensing device in the air source heat pump unit is heated by the first heat absorption pipeline, and the working fluid between the evaporating device and the compression device in the air source heat pump unit is heated by the second heat absorption pipeline. When the fluid temperature is lower than the first threshold, the first heat release pipeline is disconnected from the circulation loop by the gating device, so that the fluid output by the photovoltaic thermal temperature control unit flows only through the second heat release pipeline, and the working fluid between the evaporator and the compression device in the air source heat pump unit is heated through the second heat absorption pipeline. The first heat storage structure stores the heat of the heat exchange medium in the first heat absorption pipeline.

10. The operation control method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air source heat pump energy storage system is the photovoltaic temperature-controlled coupled air source heat pump energy storage system as described in claim 5. After the step of controlling the first heat release pipeline to be disconnected from the circulation loop when the fluid temperature is lower than the first threshold, the method further includes: The dew point temperature is determined based on the temperature and humidity of the environment in which the air source heat pump unit is located; When the inlet temperature of the evaporator is lower than the dew point temperature, the throttling device is shut off and the control valve is turned on.

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