Energy-saving high-rigidity hollow shaft output permanent magnet motor

Abstract

The application discloses an energy-saving high-rigidity hollow shaft output permanent magnet motor, and relates to the technical field of motor equipment, which comprises a motor casing, front and rear end covers are respectively arranged at two ends of the motor casing, an axle system mechanism is arranged in the motor casing, and the axle system mechanism comprises a front end assembly and a rear end assembly; the front end assembly comprises a hollow main shaft, a through center hole is formed in the hollow main shaft, an annular machining table is arranged on the outer wall of the hollow main shaft close to the front end, the annular machining table is smoothly connected with the hollow main shaft through a transition arc surface, and the local rigidity of the output end of the hollow main shaft is improved; an axial interlayer locking cooperation is formed between a locking ring and a limiting chuck, so that the tail part of the hollow main shaft can be disassembled, the annular machining table is smoothly connected with the hollow main shaft through the transition arc surface and the wall thickness is matched, a strip-shaped reinforcing rib which is integrally arranged on the inner wall of the hollow main shaft is matched, the rigidity of the output end of the hollow main shaft is obviously improved, and the sealing protection performance and the operation stability are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of motor equipment technology, specifically to an energy-saving, high-rigidity hollow shaft output permanent magnet motor. Background Technology

[0002] Hollow shaft output motors, with their centrally through-hole hollow structure, can achieve diverse functions such as cable routing, workpiece through-assembly, and coaxial drive. They are widely used in industrial fields such as automation equipment, precision transmission, intelligent equipment, and high-end servo drives. Compared with traditional solid output motors, hollow shaft structures are lighter and more adaptable to different layouts, meeting the needs of special working conditions such as limited installation space and integrated pipeline layout. They are the core choice for lightweight, integrated, and energy-saving drive equipment at present. The strength of the shaft structure, the precision of the end fitting, the convenience of disassembly and maintenance, and the sealing performance directly determine the overall operating stability, transmission efficiency, and service life of the motor.

[0003] Currently, most conventional hollow shaft output motors adopt an integrated hollow shaft structure design, with simple mating structures at both ends of the shaft. Under long-term high-load, high-frequency torque transmission conditions, they still have many technical defects and cannot meet the long-term stable use requirements under complex working conditions. 1. The thin-walled end has insufficient inherent rigidity. The hollow spindle is a through-hole structure. In order to ensure the basic functions of mounting, wiring and docking with external shafts, the overall wall thickness of the shaft is limited. In particular, the wall thickness is further reduced at the output end to accommodate external assembly. Under the action of force operation, torque transmission and radial load, the end is prone to slight deformation, large radial runout and large coaxiality deviation. Long-term operation is prone to fatigue stress, deformation, wear and even cracking. Simply increasing the overall wall thickness will compress the space of the central through hole and lose the use value of the hollow structure. Significant stress concentration and short service life: Conventional hollow shafts mostly adopt straight cylindrical or thick-walled structures, with right-angle transitions at shaft shoulders, steps, and ends. Under continuous motor start-stop, variable load, and overload conditions, stress concentration at corners is severe. Hollow structures themselves have weaker torsional and bending resistance than solid shafts. Under long-term alternating loads, the shaft is prone to aging and fatigue damage in local areas, thus limiting its overall service life.

[0004] 2. Poor fit and weak connection rigidity in assembly and docking. When the output end of the existing hollow shaft docks with the shaft of the external equipment, it is mostly a simple straight hole insertion fit, which lacks directional positioning and fitting limit structure. It is difficult to center during assembly and the fit clearance is not easy to control. During operation, circumferential movement and radial sway are prone to occur, which not only aggravates wear and generates vibration and noise, but also further reduces the overall transmission rigidity and affects the running accuracy of the motor.

[0005] 3. Damage is concentrated at the end, making repair and disassembly inconvenient. Damage, wear, and breakage issues in the core of the hollow shaft are almost entirely concentrated at the output end, while the middle and tail sections of the shaft are structurally intact. However, existing integrated hollow spindles are fixedly assembled inside the motor. Once the end is damaged, deformed, or jammed, the entire front-end structure of the motor must be disassembled, and the end cover and transmission components removed to extract the shaft. This disassembly and assembly process is cumbersome and labor-intensive. Furthermore, forceful disassembly and assembly can easily scratch precision mating surfaces and affect the coaxiality accuracy of the bearings and rotor, resulting in high repair costs and long downtime. The disassembly and assembly structure is poorly designed and lacks a suitable non-destructive maintenance structure. The locking, limiting, and anti-detachment structures of similar hollow shaft motors on the market are all concentrated at the output front end, relying entirely on front-end operation for disassembly and assembly. When the motor is installed in a confined space and the external load equipment directly connects to and blocks the front end, there is no operating space at all, making it impossible to disassemble and replace. The lack of a mechanical structure to assist in unlocking, ejecting, and loosening from the rear end of the motor results in extremely poor maintenance flexibility.

[0006] Therefore, in view of this, the present invention proposes an energy-saving, high-rigidity hollow shaft output permanent magnet motor to make up for and improve the deficiencies of the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides an energy-saving, high-rigidity hollow shaft output permanent magnet motor, thereby resolving the technical issues raised in the background section.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: an energy-saving, high-rigidity hollow shaft output permanent magnet motor, comprising a motor housing, with a front end cover and a rear end cover respectively mounted at both ends of the motor housing, and a shaft system mechanism provided inside the motor housing, the shaft system mechanism including a front end assembly and a rear end assembly; the front end assembly includes a hollow spindle, the hollow spindle having a through central hole inside, and an annular machining stage mounted on the outer wall of the hollow spindle near the front end, the annular machining stage smoothly transitioning with the hollow spindle through a transition arc surface, used to improve the local rigidity of the output end of the hollow spindle; the rear end assembly includes a locking ring and a limiting chuck, the locking ring being mounted on the rear end of the hollow spindle, the limiting chuck being fixedly mounted on the side wall of the rear end cover, the locking ring and the limiting chuck forming an axial interlayer locking fit, used to realize disassembly and assembly at the tail end of the hollow spindle.

[0009] Furthermore, the outer wall of the hollow spindle is fixedly connected with a shoulder, which is an annular protrusion structure located in the middle of the hollow spindle, dividing the hollow spindle into two parts along the axial direction: an output front end and an output rear end. The front end assembly is located at the output front end of the hollow spindle, and the rear end assembly is located at the output rear end of the hollow spindle.

[0010] Furthermore, a key is provided on the inner wall of the output front end of the hollow spindle. The key is a keyway structure that extends axially along the through-center hole. The bottom of the keyway smoothly transitions with the inner wall of the through-center hole. The width of the keyway is adapted to the key body size on the output shaft of the external device, and is used to stably transmit the torque of the hollow spindle to the external output shaft.

[0011] Furthermore, the annular machining table is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the output front end of the hollow spindle. The outer diameter of the annular machining table is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the hollow spindle, and the wall thickness of the transition arc surface matches the wall thickness of the hollow spindle.

[0012] Furthermore, the outer wall of the annular processing table is provided with an annular groove, and a sealing ring is fixedly connected in the annular groove. The sealing ring serves as a sealing mating surface between the annular processing table and the front end cover, and the annular processing table and the front end cover are rotatably connected through the sealing ring.

[0013] Furthermore, the inner wall of the output front end of the hollow spindle is provided with an inner groove. The inner groove is an annular groove structure located at the rear end of the shaft key. The groove wall smoothly transitions with the inner wall of the through-center hole. The groove depth is adapted to the size of the positioning boss on the output shaft of the external device. When the external output shaft is inserted into the through-center hole, its positioning boss can be engaged in the inner groove to form an axial limiting fit.

[0014] Furthermore, an outer groove is formed on the outer wall of the hollow main shaft at the position corresponding to the inner groove. The width of the outer groove is smaller than the width of the inner groove, and the inner groove and the outer groove are located on the same radial plane. A positioning convex shaft is uniformly slidably connected to the inner wall of the outer groove. In the initial state, the positioning convex shaft protrudes from the outer wall of the hollow main shaft, and the width of the positioning convex shaft matches the width of the outer groove. A composite gasket is fixedly connected to the end of the positioning convex shaft away from the outer groove. The composite gasket includes an upper metal gasket and a lower rubber gasket. The size of the metal gasket is larger than the size of the rubber gasket, and the metal gasket is slidably connected to the inner groove.

[0015] Furthermore, the inner wall of the output front end of the hollow spindle is integrally fitted with a reinforcing rib. The reinforcing rib is a strip-shaped protrusion structure, distributed along the axial direction of the through-center hole, and the height of the reinforcing rib does not exceed one-fifth of the inner diameter of the hollow spindle. The front end of the reinforcing rib is close to the end face of the hollow spindle, and the rear end extends to the front end of the inner groove. The length does not exceed the effective mating section of the output front end.

[0016] Furthermore, the locking ring and the hollow main shaft are coaxially fitted, and a ball is uniformly rotatably connected to the side of the locking ring away from the hollow main shaft. The limiting chuck is fixedly connected to the side wall of the rear end cover by bolts, and a protruding clamping ring is fixedly connected to the side of the limiting chuck near the locking ring. The protruding clamping ring is in the form of a double-layer conical surface, including an outer conical surface and an inner conical surface. Both the outer conical surface and the inner conical surface of the protruding clamping ring extend downwards towards the locking ring side. The outer conical surface smoothly transitions to the outer wall of the locking ring, and the inner conical surface smoothly transitions to the inner wall of the locking ring.

[0017] Furthermore, a cover is movably connected to the side of the limiting chuck away from the locking ring, and the cover is axially fixed by the limiting chuck.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) This device significantly improves the rigidity of the output end of the hollow spindle by setting an annular machining table at the front end of the hollow spindle. The annular machining table smoothly transitions with the hollow spindle through a transition arc surface and matches the wall thickness. Combined with the strip-shaped reinforcing ribs integrally assembled on the inner wall of the hollow spindle, it ensures sealing protection performance and operational stability. The widened and thickened structure of the annular machining table increases the radial cross-sectional size and support area of ​​the front end of the shaft. The transition arc surface eliminates the stress concentration of the right-angle step, so that the torque and radial load are evenly distributed and transmitted, avoiding deformation of the output end due to uneven wall thickness and stress concentration. The reinforcing ribs are distributed axially along the through-center hole to form an internal support skeleton of the shaft. Without increasing the self-weight too much or affecting the operation of the external output shaft, it disperses the torque and radial stress during high-load transmission, solves the problem of insufficient rigidity of the hollow structure, and prevents the shaft from bending and jumping. Most importantly, by setting a sealing ring mating surface on the outer circle of the annular machining table, the front end cover can be directly attached to the more rigid annular machining table through the sealing ring, forming a more stable and wear-resistant sealing pair. This effectively improves the motor protection level and avoids the sealing failure problem caused by deformation of the thin-walled section of the hollow spindle. The annular machining table itself has high structural strength and minimal deformation, so it will not cause uneven wear of the sealing lip due to slight shaft movement. This can significantly extend the service life of the seals, reduce the risk of oil leakage and dust ingress, and form a reliable sealing barrier to effectively prevent external dust and moisture from entering the motor, thereby improving the sealing and protection performance of the shaft system.

[0019] (2) In actual use, the shaft key is a keyway structure that extends axially along the through-center hole. The bottom of the groove and the inner wall of the through-center hole are smoothly transitioned, reducing stress loss during torque transmission and ensuring stable torque transmission to the external output shaft. The inner groove and the positioning boss of the external output shaft form an axial limiting fit, restricting the axial movement of the output shaft and ensuring docking accuracy. The positioning boss and the outer groove are size-matched and can be tightly fitted after pressing, driving the composite gasket to fit the external shaft. The metal gasket ensures the strength of the positioning structure, and the rubber gasket buffers the vibration during docking and operation, effectively reducing the noise of the whole machine. At the same time, it assists in positioning to improve the stability of the fit, avoids loose docking from affecting the transmission efficiency, and meets the usage requirements of precision transmission scenarios.

[0020] (3) This device sets a locking ring and a limiting chuck at the rear end of the hollow spindle. The locking ring is coaxially sleeved with the hollow spindle. The protruding clamping ring on the side wall of the limiting chuck adopts a double-layer conical surface with an outer conical surface and an inner conical surface to achieve axial locking and limiting of the rear end of the hollow spindle, suppressing axial movement under high load transmission. During assembly, the locking ring and the protruding clamping ring form a bidirectional guiding and clamping effect under axial pushing action. The conical wedge principle is used to tightly lock and restrict the axial displacement of the hollow spindle, improving the overall assembly stability of the shaft system. The balls evenly arranged on one side of the locking ring roll autonomously when the motor is running, replacing sliding friction with rolling friction, reducing the contact resistance during the rotation of the locking ring, reducing component wear and jamming noise, ensuring the long-term reliability of the rear locking structure, and avoiding the decrease in transmission accuracy and component damage caused by shaft movement.

[0021] (4) According to different usage scenarios, this device uses a cover to be movably set on the outside of the limiting chuck. The cover is axially fixed by means of the limiting chuck. Its end face is a planar structure, which realizes the function of the tooling operation reference surface. At the same time, it can be adapted to different structural forms of hollow spindles, realizing convenient operation and protection in multiple scenarios. The planar end face of the cover can be used as a reference surface, which makes it easy for operators to perform axial adjustment and locking operations on the locking ring, improving the convenience of assembly and maintenance operations. When the hollow spindle is a through structure at both ends, a coaxial through hole is opened in the center of the cover, allowing the output shaft of external equipment to pass through directly, expanding the adaptation scenarios of coaxial wire and shaft. When the hollow spindle is a through structure at only the front end, the cover adopts a solid structure, which can seal the rear opening, prevent external dust and moisture from entering, improve the sealing protection capability of the motor rear end, and realize flexible adaptation under different working conditions.

[0022] By employing the wedge-tight fit between the locking ring and the raised clamping ring, along with the design of the rear-end disassembly structure, the hollow spindle can be quickly disassembled and assembled at its tail end without disassembling the front cover and front-end components. This significantly simplifies the maintenance process. When the output end of the hollow spindle experiences damage or deformation, the operator can use the reference surface of the cover assembly to adjust the locking ring axially in the opposite direction, releasing its wedge-tight fit with the raised clamping ring. The hollow spindle can then be pulled out from either the rear or front end, enabling rapid disassembly of the damaged spindle. This disassembly and assembly method eliminates the need for extensive disassembly of the entire machine, effectively avoiding the drawbacks of traditional one-piece spindles requiring complete machine disassembly for repair. In subsequent replacement or maintenance operations, the process is simple and efficient, significantly reducing maintenance time, disassembly and assembly losses, and maintenance costs, thereby significantly improving the convenience and economy of equipment maintenance.

[0023] (5) This device does not change the size of the central through hole, nor does it block the through hole. Therefore, it will not affect the through-shaft function of the hollow shaft and the cable through-line requirements. The external shaft or cable can still be smoothly inserted. At the same time, it does not affect the subsequent disassembly and maintenance from the tail end. It is fully compatible with the rear disassembly and assembly scheme, which solves the drawback of the traditional overall thickening scheme that requires sacrificing the hollow hole diameter for rigidity. In addition, the inner wall reinforcing rib and the ring processing table change the natural frequency of the end thin wall, making it far away from the working speed range of the motor, effectively avoiding the risk of resonance. At the same time, after the rigidity is improved, the impact vibration caused by the gap between the shaft end and the external shaft is significantly suppressed. The noise and vibration during operation are significantly reduced, which further improves the smooth control performance of the motor and provides additional protection for the stable operation of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a front cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the motor housing of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the axial view of the front-end component of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the hollow main shaft's axial-view three-dimensional structure in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the axial perspective sectional view of the hollow main shaft of the present invention; Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the front-end component structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram illustrating the positional relationship between the inner and outer grooves of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a partially enlarged planar structural diagram showing the positional relationship between the outer groove and the positioning convex shaft of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the back-end component of the present invention from an axial view. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the locking ring of the present invention; Figure 10This is a three-dimensional structural diagram illustrating the positional relationship between the locking ring and the limiting chuck of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a frontal planar structural diagram of the cover assembly of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a frontal planar structural diagram of the cover assembly of the present invention when it is not assembled.

[0025] The numbers on the map are: 1. Motor housing; 11. Front cover; 12. Rear cover; 2. Shaft system mechanism; 21. Front-end assembly; 211. Hollow spindle; 2101. Through-center hole; 2102. Shaft key; 2103. Shaft shoulder; 212. Annular machining table; 213. Transition arc surface; 214. Sealing ring; 215. Inner groove; 216. Outer groove; 217. Positioning convex shaft; 218. Composite gasket; 219. Reinforcing rib; 22. Rear end component; 221. Locking ring; 2201. Sphere; 222. Limiting chuck; 223. Cover assembly; 224. Protruding clamping ring. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be added that this device is a compact model, and the overall size of the motor is required to be compact and the whole machine lightweight. At the same time, a high-precision encoder and a high slot fill factor stator must be installed, and the internal space is extremely saturated. If a crude improvement method of simply thickening the shaft wall and making some parts solid is adopted, it will increase the weight of the shaft and the moment of inertia, squeeze the internal installation space, interfere with the layout of the stator and encoder, and cannot meet the multiple requirements of miniaturization, high precision and high rigidity.

[0027] It should be added that conventional motor components such as a stator assembly, rotor assembly, front bearing assembly, and rear bearing assembly are also assembled between the motor housing 1 and the hollow main shaft 211. The stator assembly is fixedly installed inside the motor housing 1, the rotor assembly is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the hollow main shaft 211, and the front and rear bearing assemblies are respectively installed at both ends of the hollow main shaft 211, rotatably supporting the hollow main shaft 211 on the motor housing 1. All of the above components are common and conventional technologies in the field of motors, and their specific structures, installation methods, and mating relationships are well known to those skilled in the art; therefore, they will not be described in detail in this embodiment. Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1 - Figure 4 as well as Figure 8 and Figure 10 As shown, an energy-saving, high-rigidity hollow shaft output permanent magnet motor includes a motor housing 1. A front end cover 11 and a rear end cover 12 are respectively mounted at both ends of the motor housing 1. A shaft system mechanism 2 is installed inside the motor housing 1, comprising a front end assembly 21 and a rear end assembly 22. The front end assembly 21 includes a hollow spindle 211, with a through-center hole 2101 inside the hollow spindle 211. An annular machining table 212 is mounted on the outer wall of the hollow spindle 211 near the front end. The machining table 212 smoothly transitions to the hollow spindle 211 via a transition arc surface 213, which is used to improve the local rigidity of the output end of the hollow spindle 211. The rear end assembly 22 includes a locking ring 221 and a limiting chuck 222. The locking ring 221 is assembled at the rear end of the hollow spindle 211, and the limiting chuck 222 is fixedly assembled to the side wall of the rear end cover 12. An axial interlayer locking fit is formed between the locking ring 221 and the limiting chuck 222, which is used to realize the assembly and disassembly at the tail of the hollow spindle 211.

[0028] It should be noted that the outer wall of the hollow spindle 211 is fixedly connected with a shoulder 2103. The shoulder 2103 is an annular protrusion structure located in the middle of the hollow spindle 211, dividing the hollow spindle 211 into two parts along the axial direction: the output front end and the output rear end. The front end assembly 21 is located at the output front end of the hollow spindle 211, and the rear end assembly 22 is located at the output rear end of the hollow spindle 211. The inner wall of the output front end of the hollow spindle 211 is provided with a key 2102. The key 2102 is a keyway structure extending axially along the through-center hole 2101. The bottom of the groove of the key 2102 smoothly transitions with the inner wall of the through-center hole 2101. The groove width is adapted to the key body size on the output shaft of the external device, and is used to stably transmit the torque of the hollow spindle 211 to the external output shaft.

[0029] Please refer to Figure 3 - Figure 7 As shown, the annular machining table 212 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the output front end of the hollow spindle 211. The outer diameter of the annular machining table 212 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the hollow spindle 211, and the wall thickness of the transition arc surface 213 matches the wall thickness of the hollow spindle 211. An annular groove is provided on the outer wall of the annular machining table 212, and a sealing ring 214 is fixedly connected in the annular groove. The sealing ring 214 serves as the sealing mating surface between the annular machining table 212 and the front end cover 11. The two parts are rotatably connected by a sealing ring 214. The inner wall of the output front end of the hollow spindle 211 is provided with an inner groove 215. The inner groove 215 is an annular groove structure and is located at the rear end of the shaft key 2102. The groove wall of the inner groove 215 smoothly transitions with the inner wall of the through-center hole 2101. The groove depth is adapted to the size of the positioning boss on the output shaft of the external equipment. When the external output shaft is inserted into the through-center hole 2101, its positioning boss can be locked into the inner groove 215 to form an axial limiting fit.

[0030] It should be noted that an outer groove 216 is provided on the outer wall of the hollow main shaft 211 at the position corresponding to the inner groove 215. The width of the outer groove 216 is smaller than the width of the inner groove 215, and the inner groove 215 and the outer groove 216 are located on the same radial plane. A positioning convex shaft 217 is uniformly slidably connected to the inner wall of the outer groove 216. In the initial state, the positioning convex shaft 217 protrudes from the outer wall of the hollow main shaft 211, and the width of the positioning convex shaft 217 is adapted to the width of the outer groove 216. A composite gasket 218 is fixedly connected to the end of the positioning convex shaft 217 away from the outer groove 216. The composite gasket 218 includes an upper metal gasket and a lower rubber gasket. The size of the metal gasket is larger than the size of the rubber gasket, and the metal gasket is slidably connected to the inner groove 215.

[0031] It should be noted that the inner wall of the output front end of the hollow spindle 211 is integrally fitted with a reinforcing rib 219. The reinforcing rib 219 is a strip-shaped protrusion structure, distributed along the axial direction of the through-center hole 2101, and the height of the reinforcing rib 219 does not exceed one-fifth of the inner diameter of the hollow spindle 211. The front end of the reinforcing rib 219 is close to the end face of the hollow spindle 211, and the rear end extends to the front end of the inner groove 215. The length does not exceed the effective mating section of the output front end.

[0032] Specifically, when the hollow spindle 211 is installed inside the motor housing 1, the annular machining stage 212 of the front end assembly 21 forms a sealed fit with the front end cover 11 through the sealing ring 214 in the annular groove of the outer wall, allowing the annular machining stage 212 and the front end cover 11 to be rotatably connected. At the same time, the sealing ring 214, as a sealing mating surface, can also prevent external dust and moisture from entering the motor, improving the sealing and protection performance of the shaft system. The outer diameter of the annular machining stage 212 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the hollow spindle 211, and it connects with the hollow spindle through the transition arc surface 213. 211 Smooth transition, the wall thickness of the transition arc surface 213 matches the wall thickness of the hollow spindle 211. The widened and thickened annular machining table 212 can increase the radial cross-sectional size and structural support area of ​​the front end of the spindle. Combined with the continuous arc transition, it eliminates the stress concentration breakpoint caused by the right angle step, so that the torque and radial load can be evenly distributed and transmitted along the circumference of the hollow spindle 211, avoiding local stress accumulation, thereby effectively improving the local rigidity of the output end of the hollow spindle 211 and avoiding deformation problems caused by uneven wall thickness and stress concentration at the output end.

[0033] When the external device output shaft is installed, it is inserted into the through-center hole 2101 at the output front end of the hollow spindle 211. The key on the output shaft and the key 2102 on the inner wall of the hollow spindle 211 are precisely matched by the keyway structure extending axially along the through-center hole 2101. Because the bottom of the groove of the key 2102 smoothly transitions with the inner wall of the through-center hole 2101, stress loss during torque transmission can be reduced, and the torque of the hollow spindle 211 can be stably transmitted to the external output shaft. When the output shaft is inserted to the designated position, its positioning boss engages with the inner groove 215 on the inner wall of the output front end of the hollow spindle 211, forming an axial limiting fit, restricting the axial movement of the external output shaft, and ensuring docking accuracy. At the same time, if Figure 7 As shown, the outer groove 216 is opened in the outer wall of the hollow spindle 211 at the position corresponding to the inner groove 215. The positioning cam 217 initially protrudes from the outer wall of the hollow spindle 211, forming an auxiliary positioning with the corresponding structure of the external equipment. When the positioning cam of the external output shaft is engaged in the inner groove 215 of the inner wall of the output front end of the hollow spindle 211 and forms an axial limiting fit, the operator can press the positioning cam 217 to make the positioning cam 217 fully embedded in the inner groove 216, and simultaneously drive the metal gasket in the composite gasket 218 to move along the inner wall of the inner groove 215. Move steadily downwards until the rubber pad in the composite pad 218 is tightly fitted against the outer wall of the outer shaft. Since the dimensions of the positioning convex shaft 217 and the outer groove 216 are mutually compatible, a tight fitting and limiting structure can be formed after the positioning convex shaft 217 is fully embedded in the outer groove 216, ensuring the stability of the mating position. The composite pad 218 adopts a combination structure of an upper metal pad and a lower rubber pad. It relies on the metal pad to ensure the structural strength of the positioning contact, and the rubber pad can buffer the vibration during equipment docking and operation, effectively reducing the noise of the whole machine.

[0034] During motor operation, the hollow spindle 211 rotates continuously. Because the reinforcing ribs 219 on its inner wall are axially distributed along the through-center hole 2101, and their height does not exceed one-fifth of the inner diameter of the hollow spindle 211, they do not affect the normal operation of the external output shaft. They also effectively improve the overall rigidity of the output front end of the hollow spindle 211, reducing shaft deformation under high load and high-frequency torque transmission. Specifically, the reinforcing ribs 219 adopt a strip-shaped protrusion structure and extend axially. Without changing the overall structure of the hollow spindle 211 or adding excessive weight, they form a "support skeleton" inside the shaft, effectively dispersing the torque and radial stress generated during high-load transmission and preventing shaft deformation due to the hollow structure. The structural rigidity is insufficient to prevent bending, jumping, or other deformations at the output front end. Meanwhile, the height of the reinforcing rib 219 is strictly controlled within one-fifth of the inner diameter of the hollow spindle 211. This provides sufficient space for the smooth insertion and operation of the external output shaft, avoiding interference and ensuring smooth torque transmission. It also increases the bearing area of ​​the shaft, strengthening the structural strength of the output front end and reducing shaft deformation under high load and high frequency transmission, thus ensuring the accuracy and stability of torque transmission. This prevents shaft deformation from affecting transmission efficiency and operational safety, and indirectly extends the service life of the hollow spindle 211, meeting the requirements of energy-saving drive equipment.

[0035] Example 2: Based on Example 1, please refer to... Figure 8 - Figure 12 As shown, the locking ring 221 and the hollow main shaft 211 are coaxially fitted, and the side of the locking ring 221 away from the hollow main shaft 211 is uniformly rotatably connected to the ball 2201. The limiting chuck 222 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the rear end cover 12 by bolts, and the side of the limiting chuck 222 near the locking ring 221 is fixedly connected to the protruding clamping ring 224. The protruding clamping ring 224 is in the form of a double-layered conical surface, including an outer conical surface and an inner conical surface. Both the outer conical surface and the inner conical surface of the protruding clamping ring 224 extend downwards towards the locking ring 221. The outer conical surface smoothly transitions to the outer wall of the locking ring 221, and the inner conical surface smoothly transitions to the inner wall of the locking ring 221.

[0036] It should be noted that a cover 223 is movably connected to the side of the limiting chuck 222 away from the locking ring 221, and the cover 223 is axially fixed by the limiting chuck 222.

[0037] Specifically, during the assembly stage of the hollow spindle 211, the hollow spindle 211 is aligned and installed from inside the motor housing 1 towards the rear end cover 12. The locking ring 221 is pre-coaxially fitted with the hollow spindle 211 to ensure radial concentricity. As the hollow spindle 211 gradually completes axial assembly, the locking ring 221 synchronously approaches the limiting chuck 222 fixed to the side wall of the rear end cover 12, so that the end of the locking ring 221 and the double-layer conical protruding clamping ring 224 on the limiting chuck 222 complete the docking and fitting reference.

[0038] After the hollow spindle 211 completes axial positioning, an axial pushing adjustment force is applied to the locking ring 221. The protruding clamping ring 224 adopts a double-layer conical structure with bidirectional inclination of the outer and inner conical surfaces. The outer and inner conical surfaces smoothly transition with the outer and inner walls of the locking ring 221, respectively, forming a bidirectional guiding and clamping effect during axial compression. The principle of conical wedge clamping is used to tightly engage and lock the locking ring 221 and the protruding clamping ring 224, thereby causing the hollow spindle 211 to gradually tilt upwards in an expanding state, forming an axial limiting constraint on the rear end of the hollow spindle 211, suppressing axial movement of the hollow spindle 211 under high load transmission conditions, and ensuring the overall assembly stability of the shaft system.

[0039] A cover 223 is movably mounted on the side of the limiting chuck 222 away from the locking ring 221. The cover 223 is axially fixed and limited by the limiting chuck 222, restricting its own axial displacement. The overall end face of the cover 223 is set as a planar structure, which can be used as an operating reference surface for tooling, making it convenient for operators to perform axial adjustment and locking operations on the locking ring 221 based on the reference plane, improving the convenience of assembly and maintenance operations; at the same time, such as Figure 11 and 12 As shown, the cover 223 can be adapted to two usage modes according to the structural form of the hollow spindle 211. When the hollow spindle 211 is a through-hole structure with both ends through, the cover 223 has a through hole in the center that is coaxial with the through-hole 2101, which allows the output shaft of the external device to pass directly through it, expanding the adaptability of the device for coaxial wiring and shaft passing. When the hollow spindle 211 adopts a structure with only the front end through, the cover 223 is set as a solid closed structure, which can completely block the rear opening of the hollow spindle 211, forming an isolation protection for the internal structure of the motor, preventing external dust, moisture and impurities from entering, and improving the sealing protection capability of the rear end of the motor.

[0040] During motor operation, the hollow main shaft 211 rotates continuously and synchronously, and the locking ring 221 remains coaxially linked with the hollow main shaft 211. The limiting chuck 222 and the raised clamping ring 224 remain fixed and stationary, and the locking ring 221 forms a rotational engagement with the raised clamping ring 224. The spheres 2201 evenly distributed on one side of the locking ring 221 can roll and adhere to the contact surface on their own when the locking ring 221 is rotating. Relying on rolling friction to replace hard sliding friction, the contact friction resistance during the rotation of the locking ring 221 is effectively reduced, and the wear of components, as well as the problems of running jamming and abnormal noise, are reduced. The double-layer conical surface of the raised clamping ring 224 continuously maintains a wedge-tight engagement state, stably maintaining the locking and limiting effect at the rear end, restricting the axial displacement of the hollow main shaft 211, reducing the vibration of the shaft system, and the cover part 223 synchronously remains fixed and stationary, does not participate in the rotational movement, and stably performs the functions of reference operation, through avoidance, or rear end sealing protection, ensuring the stable transmission operation of the motor for a long time.

[0041] When the output end of the hollow spindle 211 is damaged, deformed, or jammed, preventing normal torque transmission and equipment docking, the hollow spindle 211 can be quickly removed for repair or replacement via tail removal. The specific procedure is as follows: The operator can use the flat end face of the cover 223 as a tool operating reference surface and use tooling to adjust the locking ring 221 axially in the opposite direction. After unlocking the limit chuck 222 on the rear cover 12, pull it towards the side away from the motor housing 1 to release the double-layer conical wedge-locked engagement between the locking ring 221 and the protruding clamping ring 224 on the limit chuck 222. After the locking ring 221 and the protruding clamping ring 224 are completely disengaged, the cover 223 can be removed from the limit chuck 222. The hollow spindle 211 has a through-hole structure at both ends. The through hole in the center of the cover 223 can reserve sufficient operating space to facilitate the operator to completely unlock the locking ring 221. After unlocking, the operator can quickly disassemble and separate the damaged shaft of the hollow spindle 211 according to the actual damage. This disassembly and assembly method does not require disassembling the various mating structures of the front cover 11 and the front component 21, nor does it require large-scale disassembly of the whole machine parts. The entire hollow spindle 211 that is damaged, deformed, or stuck can be removed from the rear or front end, effectively avoiding the disadvantages of traditional one-piece shafts that require the whole machine to be disassembled for repair. When performing overall replacement, inspection and maintenance of the hollow spindle 211 in the future, the operation process is simpler and more efficient, reducing maintenance time and disassembly and assembly losses.

[0042] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An energy-saving, high-rigidity hollow shaft output permanent magnet motor, comprising a motor housing (1), wherein a front end cover (11) and a rear end cover (12) are respectively mounted on both ends of the motor housing (1), characterized in that: The motor housing (1) is provided with a shaft system (2), which includes a front end component (21) and a rear end component (22). The front-end assembly (21) includes a hollow spindle (211), the hollow spindle (211) has a through-center hole (2101) inside, and the hollow spindle (211) is fitted with an annular machining table (212) near the outer wall of the front end. The annular machining table (212) smoothly transitions with the hollow spindle (211) through a transition arc surface (213) to improve the local rigidity of the output end of the hollow spindle (211). The rear end assembly (22) includes a locking ring (221) and a limiting chuck (222). The locking ring (221) is assembled at the rear end of the hollow spindle (211), and the limiting chuck (222) is fixedly assembled on the side wall of the rear end cover (12). An axial interlayer locking fit is formed between the locking ring (221) and the limiting chuck (222) to enable disassembly and assembly at the tail of the hollow spindle (211).

2. The energy-saving, high-rigidity hollow shaft output permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hollow spindle (211) has a shoulder (2103) fixedly connected to its outer wall. The shoulder (2103) is an annular protrusion structure located in the middle of the hollow spindle (211), dividing the hollow spindle (211) into two parts along the axial direction: the output front end and the output rear end. The front end assembly (21) is located at the output front end of the hollow spindle (211), and the rear end assembly (22) is located at the output rear end of the hollow spindle (211).

3. The energy-saving, high-rigidity hollow shaft output permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hollow spindle (211) has a key (2102) on the inner wall of the output front end. The key (2102) is a keyway structure that extends axially along the through-center hole (2101). The bottom of the key (2102) smoothly transitions with the inner wall of the through-center hole (2101). The width of the key is adapted to the key body size on the output shaft of the external device. It is used to stably transmit the torque of the hollow spindle (211) to the external output shaft.

4. The energy-saving, high-rigidity hollow shaft output permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular machining table (212) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the output front end of the hollow spindle (211). The outer diameter of the annular machining table (212) is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the hollow spindle (211), and the wall thickness of the transition arc surface (213) matches the wall thickness of the hollow spindle (211).

5. The energy-saving, high-rigidity hollow shaft output permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the annular processing table (212) is provided with an annular groove, and a sealing ring (214) is fixedly connected in the annular groove. The sealing ring (214) serves as a sealing mating surface between the annular processing table (212) and the front end cover (11). The annular processing table (212) and the front end cover (11) are rotatably connected through the sealing ring (214).

6. The energy-saving, high-rigidity hollow shaft output permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hollow spindle (211) has an inner groove (215) on the inner wall of the output front end. The inner groove (215) is an annular groove structure located at the rear end of the shaft key (2102). The groove wall of the inner groove (215) smoothly transitions with the inner wall of the through-center hole (2101). The groove depth is adapted to the size of the positioning boss on the output shaft of the external device. When the external output shaft is inserted into the through-center hole (2101), its positioning boss can be inserted into the inner groove (215) to form an axial limiting fit.

7. The energy-saving, high-rigidity hollow shaft output permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hollow main shaft (211) has an outer groove (216) at the position corresponding to the inner groove (215) on its outer wall. The width of the outer groove (216) is smaller than the width of the inner groove (215), and the inner groove (215) and the outer groove (216) are located in the same radial plane. The inner wall of the outer groove (216) is uniformly slidably connected with a positioning convex shaft (217). In the initial state, the positioning convex shaft (217) protrudes from the outer wall of the hollow main shaft (211), and the width of the positioning convex shaft (217) is adapted to the width of the outer groove (216). The end of the positioning convex shaft (217) away from the outer groove (216) is fixedly connected to a composite gasket (218). The composite gasket (218) includes an upper metal gasket and a lower rubber gasket. The size of the metal gasket is larger than that of the rubber gasket, and the metal gasket is slidably connected to the inner groove (215).

8. The energy-saving, high-rigidity hollow shaft output permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the output front end of the hollow spindle (211) is integrally fitted with a reinforcing rib (219). The reinforcing rib (219) is a strip-shaped protrusion structure, distributed along the axial direction of the through-center hole (2101), and the height of the reinforcing rib (219) does not exceed one-fifth of the inner diameter of the hollow spindle (211). The front end of the reinforcing rib (219) is close to the end face of the hollow spindle (211), and the rear end extends to the front end of the inner groove (215). The length does not exceed the effective mating section of the output front end.

9. The energy-saving, high-rigidity hollow shaft output permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking ring (221) and the hollow main shaft (211) are coaxially fitted, and a ball (2201) is evenly rotated and connected to the side of the locking ring (221) away from the hollow main shaft (211). The limiting chuck (222) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the rear end cover (12) by bolts, and a protruding clamping ring (224) is fixedly connected to the side of the limiting chuck (222) close to the locking ring (221). The protruding clamp (224) is in the form of a double-layer conical surface, including an outer conical surface and an inner conical surface. Both the outer conical surface and the inner conical surface of the protruding clamp (224) extend downwards towards the locking ring (221). The outer conical surface smoothly transitions to the outer wall of the locking ring (221), and the inner conical surface smoothly transitions to the inner wall of the locking ring (221).

10. The energy-saving, high-rigidity hollow shaft output permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting chuck (222) is movably connected to a cover (223) on the side away from the locking ring (221), and the cover (223) is axially fixed by the limiting chuck (222).

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