Fireproof photovoltaic module, method for manufacturing the same and photovoltaic system

Abstract

This application provides a fire-resistant photovoltaic module, its preparation method, and a photovoltaic system, relating to the field of new energy. The fire-resistant photovoltaic module includes a fire-resistant frame, a fire-resistant sealant, and a module laminate; the fire-resistant frame is circumferentially arranged along the module laminate; the fire-resistant sealant is disposed between the fire-resistant frame and the module laminate; the fire-resistant frame includes a fire-resistant substrate and a fire-resistant coating on the surface of the fire-resistant substrate; the raw materials of the fire-resistant substrate include a highly flame-retardant composite material, a first flame retardant, a plasticizer, a stabilizer, and a ceramic filler; the raw materials of the fire-resistant coating include inorganic fillers and organic resins. The fire-resistant photovoltaic module can significantly improve fire resistance and service life while reducing production costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of new energy, and in particular to a fireproof photovoltaic module, its preparation method, and a photovoltaic system. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic modules may catch fire during operation due to electrical faults, hot spot effects, or external ignition sources. Traditional fire-resistant modules typically use flame-retardant materials or fire-retardant coatings, but these methods have the following problems: 1. Limited fire resistance, unable to effectively prevent the spread of fire; 2. The process is complex and the production cost is high; 3. The poor compatibility between fire-resistant materials and photovoltaic modules affects module performance.

[0003] Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a fireproof component manufacturing process that is efficient, low-cost, and compatible with photovoltaic modules. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a fireproof photovoltaic module, its preparation method, and a photovoltaic system to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of this application provides a fireproof photovoltaic module, including a fireproof frame, a fireproof sealant, and a module laminate; The fireproof frame is circumferentially arranged along the component laminate; The fireproof sealant is disposed between the fireproof frame and the component laminate; The fireproof frame includes a fireproof base material and a fireproof coating applied to the surface of the fireproof base material; The raw materials of the fireproof substrate include high flame-retardant composite materials, a first flame retardant, plasticizer, stabilizer and ceramic filler; The raw materials for the fire-retardant coating include inorganic fillers and organic resins.

[0006] Optionally, the fire-resistant photovoltaic module satisfies at least one of the following conditions: A. The highly flame-retardant composite material includes ceramicized silicone rubber and / or modified PVB; B. The first flame retardant comprises aluminum hydroxide and / or magnesium hydroxide; C. The plasticizer includes phosphate ester compounds; D. The stabilizer includes organosilicon compounds; E. The ceramic filler comprises one or more of alumina, titanium dioxide, fumed silica, mica powder, and zinc borate; F. The raw materials of the fire-retardant substrate, based on a total mass of 100%, include: The high flame-retardant composite material comprises 60%-80%, the flame retardant 10%-20%, the plasticizer 3%-7%, the stabilizer 2%-5%, and the ceramic filler 5%-8%.

[0007] Optionally, the fire-resistant photovoltaic module satisfies at least one of the following conditions: A. The inorganic filler comprises nano-aluminum hydroxide and / or nano-magnesium oxide; B. The organic resin includes a first organosilicon resin; C. The raw materials for the fire-retardant coating, based on a total mass of 100%, include: The inorganic filler comprises 10%-30%, and the organic resin comprises 70%-90%.

[0008] Optionally, the raw materials of the fire-retardant sealant, based on a total mass of 100%, include: The second organic resin is 75%-85%, the second flame retardant is 10%-20%, and the curing agent is 3%-5%.

[0009] Optionally, the fire-resistant photovoltaic module satisfies at least one of the following conditions: A. The second organic resin includes an organosilicon resin; B. The second flame retardant comprises aluminum hydroxide and / or magnesium hydroxide; C. The curing agent includes polyisocyanate compounds.

[0010] Optionally, the component laminate includes a fireproof isolation layer disposed on the outside of the component laminate; The fireproof isolation layer includes a flame-retardant fiber layer and a heat insulation layer disposed on the surface of the flame-retardant fiber layer.

[0011] Optionally, the fire-resistant photovoltaic module satisfies at least one of the following conditions: A. The raw materials for the flame-retardant fiber layer include glass fiber and / or basalt fiber; B. The raw materials of the insulation layer include aerogel and / or ceramic fiber.

[0012] A second aspect of this application provides a method for preparing the fire-resistant photovoltaic module, comprising: The raw materials of the fire-retardant substrate are mixed to obtain a first mixture, and the first mixture is made into a fire-retardant substrate by extrusion or calendering process; The raw materials of the fireproof coating are mixed to obtain a second mixture, and the second mixture is applied to the surface of the fireproof substrate by spraying or impregnation to obtain a fireproof frame; The fireproof frame, fireproof sealant, and component laminate are stacked and fixed by hot pressing or bonding processes to obtain the fireproof photovoltaic module.

[0013] Optionally, the method for preparing the fire-resistant photovoltaic module satisfies at least one of the following conditions: A. The raw materials of the fire-retardant sealant are mixed to obtain a third mixture, and the third mixture is made into a fire-retardant sealant by an extrusion process; B. The heat insulation layer is applied to the surface of the flame-retardant fiber layer through a hot-pressing process to obtain a fireproof isolation layer; The fireproof isolation layer is disposed on the outside of the component laminate.

[0014] A third aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic system, including the aforementioned fire-resistant photovoltaic module.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application include: The fire-resistant photovoltaic module provided in this application has the following advantages: First, the fire-resistant coating can effectively reduce the surface temperature of the fire-resistant substrate, reducing heat conduction to the interior of the fire-resistant substrate, thereby extending the fire resistance time of the fire-resistant substrate. Second, the flame-retardant components in the fire-resistant coating decompose at high temperatures, absorbing heat and releasing inert gases, diluting the concentration of combustible gases. At the same time, the flame retardant in the fire-resistant substrate can also play a role internally, and the two work together to inhibit combustion. Third, the fire-resistant coating can prevent the direct erosion of the fire-resistant substrate by flames, protecting the internal structure of the fire-resistant substrate. The stability of the fire-resistant substrate also ensures that the fire-resistant coating will not fail due to substrate deformation. Fourth, the heat insulation layer formed by the fire-resistant coating at high temperatures can reduce the combustion rate of the fire-resistant substrate, thereby reducing the generation of smoke. The flame retardant in the fire-resistant substrate can also further inhibit the generation of smoke. Fifth, the fire-resistant coating can protect the fire-resistant substrate from the influence of the external environment, extending the service life of the fire-resistant substrate. The mechanical strength of the fire-resistant substrate also ensures that the fire-resistant coating will not peel off during use. In summary, this fire-resistant photovoltaic module can significantly improve fire resistance and service life while reducing production costs.

[0016] The method for preparing fireproof photovoltaic modules provided in this application is simple to operate and uses readily available raw materials.

[0017] The photovoltaic system provided in this application has good fire resistance and low cost. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope of this application.

[0019] Figure 1 A physical image of the fireproof frame provided in Example 1; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the component laminate provided in Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0020] As used in this article: "Prepared from" is synonymous with "comprising". The terms "comprising", "including", "having", "containing", or any other variations thereof as used herein are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, step, method, article, or apparatus that includes the listed elements is not necessarily limited to those elements, but may include other elements not expressly listed or elements inherent to such composition, step, method, article, or apparatus.

[0021] The conjunction "composed of..." excludes any unspecified elements, steps, or components. If used in a claim, this phrase makes the claim closed, excluding materials other than those described, except for associated conventional impurities. When the phrase "composed of..." appears in a clause of the body of a claim rather than immediately following it, it limits only the elements described in that clause; other elements are not excluded from the claim as a whole.

[0022] When a quantity, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, a preferred range, or a range defined by a series of upper and lower preferred values, this should be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed by any pair of any upper or preferred value with any lower or preferred value, regardless of whether the range is disclosed individually. For example, when the range “1–5” is disclosed, the described range should be interpreted as including ranges “1–4”, “1–3”, “1–2”, “1–2 and 4–5”, “1–3 and 5”, etc. When numerical ranges are described herein, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include its endpoints and all integers and fractions within that range.

[0023] In these embodiments, unless otherwise specified, the portions and percentages are all by weight.

[0024] "Parts by mass" refers to the basic unit of measurement that expresses the mass ratio of multiple components. One part can represent any unit mass, such as 1g or 2.689g. If we say that component A has "a" parts by mass and component B has "b" parts by mass, it means the ratio of the mass of component A to the mass of component B is a:b. Alternatively, it can mean that the mass of component A is aK and the mass of component B is bK (where K is any number representing a multiplier). It is important to understand that, unlike parts by mass, the sum of the mass parts of all components is not limited to 100 parts.

[0025] "And / or" is used to indicate that one or both of the described situations may occur, for example, A and / or B includes (A and B) and (A or B).

[0026] The first aspect of this application provides a fireproof photovoltaic module, including a fireproof frame, a fireproof sealant, and a module laminate; The fireproof frame is circumferentially arranged along the component laminate; The fireproof sealant is disposed between the fireproof frame and the component laminate; The fireproof frame includes a fireproof base material and a fireproof coating applied to the surface of the fireproof base material; The raw materials of the fireproof substrate include high flame-retardant composite materials, a first flame retardant, plasticizer, stabilizer and ceramic filler; The raw materials for the fire-retardant coating include inorganic fillers and organic resins.

[0027] It should be noted that the fire-retardant coating is resistant to high temperatures, has good heat insulation properties, and protects the fire-retardant substrate.

[0028] In some embodiments, the fire-resistant photovoltaic module satisfies at least one of the following conditions: A. The highly flame-retardant composite material includes ceramicized silicone rubber and / or modified PVB; It should be noted that ceramicized silicone rubber has the property of forming a ceramicized shell at high temperatures, which has the property of self-supporting ceramic body. In a fire, it forms a hard ceramic layer to protect the internal structure. At the same time, it is low in smoke and non-toxic, and can maintain structural integrity in flames, playing a passive fire protection role. It should also be noted that modified PVB has good mechanical properties; B. The first flame retardant comprises aluminum hydroxide and / or magnesium hydroxide; It should be noted that flame retardants can improve the flame retardant properties of materials and reduce the burning rate; C. The plasticizer includes phosphate ester compounds; In some embodiments, phosphate compounds include tricresyl phosphate and / or triphenyl phosphate; It is important to note that plasticizers can improve the processing and mechanical properties of materials, ensuring the stability of fireproof frames during processing and use; D. The stabilizer includes organosilicon compounds; E. The ceramic filler comprises one or more of alumina, titanium dioxide, fumed silica, mica powder, and zinc borate; F. The raw materials of the fire-retardant substrate, based on a total mass of 100%, include: The high flame-retardant composite material comprises 60%-80%, the flame retardant 10%-20%, the plasticizer 3%-7%, the stabilizer 2%-5%, and the ceramic filler 5%-8%.

[0029] Optionally, the raw materials of the fire-retardant substrate, based on a total mass of 100%, may include: high flame-retardant composite materials, which may be any value between 60%, 70%, 80%, or 60%-80%; flame retardants, which may be any value between 10%, 15%, 20%, or 10%-20%; plasticizers, which may be any value between 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, or 3%-7%; stabilizers, which may be any value between 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, or 2%-5%; and ceramic fillers, which may be any value between 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, or 5%-8%.

[0030] In some embodiments, the fire-resistant photovoltaic module satisfies at least one of the following conditions: A. The inorganic filler comprises nano-aluminum hydroxide and / or nano-magnesium oxide; It should be noted that inorganic fillers have good thermal stability and release moisture at high temperatures, thus playing a role in heat insulation and flame retardancy. B. The organic resin includes a first organosilicon resin; It should be noted that organic resins have excellent heat resistance and chemical stability, and can form a strong coating to protect the substrate; C. The raw materials for the fire-retardant coating, based on a total mass of 100%, include: The inorganic filler comprises 10%-30%, and the organic resin comprises 70%-90%.

[0031] Optionally, the raw materials of the fire-retardant coating, based on a total mass of 100%, may include inorganic fillers of any value between 10%, 20%, 30%, or 10%-30%, and organic resins of any value between 70%, 80%, 90%, or 70%-90%.

[0032] It should also be noted that when the ceramicized silicone rubber substrate is combined with the nano-aluminum hydroxide coating, the coating releases moisture at high temperature to form a heat insulation layer, while the substrate forms a ceramicized shell at high temperature. The two work together to significantly improve the heat insulation effect.

[0033] In some embodiments, the raw materials of the fire-retardant sealant, based on a total mass of 100%, include: The second organic resin is 75%-85%, the second flame retardant is 10%-20%, and the curing agent is 3%-5%.

[0034] Optionally, the raw materials of the fireproof sealant, based on a total mass of 100%, may include the following: the second organic resin may be any value between 75%, 80%, 85%, or 75%-85%; the second flame retardant may be any value between 10%, 15%, 20%, or 10%-20%; and the curing agent may be any value between 3%, 4%, 5%, or 3%-5%.

[0035] It is important to note that the second organic resin provides heat resistance and elasticity, while the flame retardant enhances fire resistance; this fire-retardant sealant remains stable and does not burn in a fire.

[0036] In some embodiments, the fire-resistant photovoltaic module satisfies at least one of the following conditions: A. The second organic resin includes an organosilicon resin; It should be noted that silicone resin has good heat resistance and elasticity, and can adapt to different installation environments; B. The second flame retardant comprises aluminum hydroxide and / or magnesium hydroxide; It should be noted that flame retardants improve the fire resistance of sealants, ensuring they do not burn at high temperatures; C. The curing agent is a polyisocyanate compound.

[0037] It is important to note that the curing agent can promote the curing of the sealant, forming a stable structure.

[0038] In some embodiments, the component laminate includes a fireproof barrier layer disposed on the outside of the component laminate; The fireproof isolation layer includes a flame-retardant fiber layer and a heat insulation layer disposed on the surface of the flame-retardant fiber layer.

[0039] It is important to note that the flame-retardant fiber layer provides mechanical support, while the insulation layer provides thermal insulation, effectively blocking heat transfer and protecting the internal structure.

[0040] In some embodiments, the fire-resistant photovoltaic module satisfies at least one of the following conditions: A. The raw materials for the flame-retardant fiber layer include glass fiber and / or basalt fiber; It should be noted that the raw materials of the flame-retardant fiber layer have high strength and high temperature resistance, which can provide good mechanical support; B. The raw materials of the insulation layer include aerogel and / or ceramic fiber.

[0041] It is important to note that the material of the insulation layer has an extremely low thermal conductivity, which can effectively block heat transfer and protect the internal structure.

[0042] A second aspect of this application provides a method for preparing the fire-resistant photovoltaic module, comprising: The raw materials of the fire-retardant substrate are mixed to obtain a first mixture, and the first mixture is made into a fire-retardant substrate by extrusion or calendering process; The raw materials of the fireproof coating are mixed to obtain a second mixture, and the second mixture is applied to the surface of the fireproof substrate by spraying or impregnation to obtain a fireproof frame; The fireproof frame, fireproof sealant, and component laminate are stacked and fixed by hot pressing or bonding processes to obtain the fireproof photovoltaic module.

[0043] In some embodiments, the method for preparing the fire-resistant photovoltaic module satisfies at least one of the following conditions: A. The raw materials of the fire-retardant sealant are mixed to obtain a third mixture, and the third mixture is made into a fire-retardant sealant by an extrusion process; B. The heat insulation layer is applied to the surface of the flame-retardant fiber layer through a hot-pressing process to obtain a fireproof isolation layer; The fireproof isolation layer is disposed on the outside of the component laminate.

[0044] A third aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic system, including the aforementioned fire-resistant photovoltaic module.

[0045] The implementation schemes of this application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the following embodiments are only for illustrating this application and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of this application. Unless otherwise specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply. Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturers are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0046] Example 1 This embodiment provides a fireproof photovoltaic module, including a fireproof frame, a fireproof sealant, and a module laminate; the fireproof frame is disposed around the perimeter of the module laminate; the fireproof sealant is disposed between the fireproof frame and the module laminate; the fireproof frame is physically visible. Figure 1 ; The fireproof frame includes a fireproof substrate and a fireproof coating on the surface of the fireproof substrate; the raw materials of the fireproof substrate include 70wt% of high flame-retardant composite material ceramicized silicone rubber (purchased from a technology company in Guangzhou, CS series), 20wt% of flame retardant aluminum hydroxide, 3wt% of plasticizer tricresyl phosphate (TCP), 2wt% of stabilizer organosilicon resin (purchased from Shandong CFS series) and 5wt% of ceramic filler alumina; the raw materials of the fireproof coating include inorganic filler nano aluminum hydroxide (10wt%) and organosilicon resin (90wt%).

[0047] The raw materials of the fireproof sealant, based on a total mass of 100%, include: 80% silicone resin (purchased from Huitian single-component silicone), 15% flame retardant aluminum hydroxide, and 5% curing agent (isocyanate).

[0048] The module laminate includes, in sequence, a front fireproof barrier layer, a front film (including a PVB film), solar cells, a rear film (including a PVB film), and a back fireproof barrier layer. The front and rear fireproof barrier layers each include a flame-retardant fiber layer and a heat-insulating layer disposed on the surface of the flame-retardant fiber layer. The heat-insulating layer is made of aerogel, and the flame-retardant fiber layer is made of glass fiber. The mass ratio of the heat-insulating layer to the flame-retardant fiber layer is 1:1. The structure of this module laminate is as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0049] The second aspect of this embodiment provides a method for preparing a fireproof photovoltaic module, the specific steps of which include: S1: The raw materials of the fire-retardant substrate are mixed to obtain a first mixture, and the first mixture is extruded to form a fire-retardant substrate; S2: Mix the raw materials of the fireproof coating to obtain a second mixture, and apply the second mixture to the surface of the fireproof substrate by spraying to obtain a fireproof frame; S3: The raw materials of fire-retardant sealant are mixed to obtain a third mixture, and the third mixture is made into fire-retardant sealant by extrusion process; S4: The heat insulation layer is applied to the surface of the flame-retardant fiber layer through a hot-pressing process to obtain a fireproof isolation layer; the fireproof isolation layer is applied to the outside of the component laminate; S5: Fireproof frame, fireproof sealant and component laminate are stacked and fixed by hot pressing to obtain fireproof photovoltaic module.

[0050] Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that the high flame retardant composite material is modified PVB, the inorganic filler of the fireproof coating is nano-magnesium oxide, the raw material of the flame retardant fiber layer is basalt fiber, and the raw material of the heat insulation layer is ceramic fiber.

[0051] Example 3 The difference from Example 1 is that the raw material dosage of the fireproof substrate and the fireproof coating are different. Specifically, the dosage is 65% high flame retardant composite material, 20% flame retardant, 5% plasticizer, 5% stabilizer and 5% ceramic filler.

[0052] The raw materials for the fire-retardant coating, based on a total mass of 100%, include: 30% inorganic fillers and 70% organic resin.

[0053] Comparative Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the fireproof frame is set as a conventional magnesium-aluminum frame.

[0054] Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that the fireproof frame is not provided with a fireproof coating.

[0055] Comparative Example 3 The difference from Example 1 is that no stabilizer is added to the raw materials of the fireproof substrate.

[0056] Comparative Example 4 The difference from Example 1 is that the fireproof sealant is replaced with HT906Z sealant.

[0057] Comparative Example 5 The difference from Example 1 is that the fireproof isolation layer does not have a heat insulation layer.

[0058] The fire-resistant photovoltaic modules prepared in the above embodiments and comparative examples were subjected to fire resistance performance tests, including: standard (UL790) spread test (continuous application of flame and observation of flame spread on the material surface) and flammable block test (observation of whether there is a continuous burning flame on the bottom surface of the test platform, displacement of the test sample, and exposure or falling of the sample); the pass criteria for the 61730 spread test is: no burning or partial falling; the pass criteria for the 61720 flammable block test is: the flammable block is completely burned out, or burns out within 1.5 hours, and cannot ignite other abnormalities.

[0059] The fire resistance performance test results are shown in Table 1.

[0060] Table 1 Fire resistance performance test

[0061] In Table 1, “√” indicates that the test is qualified, and “×” indicates that the test is unqualified.

[0062] The fire-resistant photovoltaic modules prepared in the above embodiments and comparative examples were also subjected to performance tests, including DH1000, TC200, HF10, PID192, UV120 and cumulative attenuation rate tests; the specific test results are shown in Table 2.

[0063] The DH1000 test refers to testing the maximum power degradation for 1000 hours under conditions of temperature 85%±2% and humidity 85%±5% in order to evaluate the performance and reliability of photovoltaic modules in humid and high-temperature environments and ensure that they can operate stably for a long time in practical applications. TC200 test: ① The components are in an adiabatic state (the heat transfer of the support device is small); ② The component temperature in the aging chamber is cyclical between -40±2℃ and 85±2℃, with a temperature change rate not exceeding 100℃ / h. At each extreme temperature, it should be kept stable for at least 10 minutes, and one cycle should not exceed 6 hours. ③ After the test is completed, there should be at least a 1-hour recovery time to test performance; ④ When the temperature is above 25℃, power should be applied to the TC200 (the current should be equal to the peak current of the component under standard test conditions). No power should be applied to the TC50.

[0064] HF10 test: ① The component is in an adiabatic state (the heat transfer of the support device is small); ② The component temperature in the aging chamber is cyclical between -40±2℃ and 85±2℃, maintained at 85℃ for at least 20 hours, with a maximum of 4 hours at 85℃, and a minimum of 0.5 hours at -40℃, for a total of 10 cycles; ③ At temperatures above room temperature, maintain a relative humidity of 85% ± 5%; at temperatures below room temperature, there are no relative humidity control requirements. ④ The rate of temperature change above 0℃ shall not exceed 100℃ / h, and the rate of temperature change below 0℃ shall not exceed 200℃ / h; ⑤ After the test is completed, allow at least 2-4 hours for recovery time to test performance; PID192 test: Apply -1500V DC to the output terminal of the module and the aluminum frame for 192 hours in an environment of 85% humidity and 85℃. UV120 test: ① The module temperature is 60±5℃. The module is irradiated with ultraviolet light with a wavelength between 280-385nm, a total irradiance of 15KWh / ㎡, and an irradiance of at least 5KWh / ㎡ within the 280-320nm range.

[0065] ② The irradiance of light with wavelengths between 280-385nm shall not exceed 250W / m 2 Cumulative degradation rate test: The packaged solar cells were placed in a degradation environment with high irradiance and high temperature. Specific environmental parameters were: irradiance: 1000 W / m². 2 ~1200 W / m 2 Temperature: 75℃~95℃, decay time: 6 / 30 / 60 / 120h. After each decay treatment, the sample is taken out and left to stand for 3~6 hours. The standing environment should be protected from light.

[0066] Table 2 Performance Tests

[0067] analyze: As can be seen from the above tests, the comparative sample (using a conventional frame, without fire-retardant coating and conventional silicone, etc.) cannot pass the fire resistance Class A test standard. The comparative sample has little impact on the component performance test. This solution focuses on the fire resistance performance of the component. Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

[0068] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that although some embodiments herein include certain features included in other embodiments but not others, combinations of features from different embodiments are intended to be within the scope of this application and form different embodiments. For example, in the foregoing claims, any of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination. The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the general background of this application and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that such information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A fire-resistant photovoltaic module, characterized in that, This includes fireproof frames, fireproof sealant, and component laminates; The fireproof frame is circumferentially arranged along the component laminate; The fireproof sealant is disposed between the fireproof frame and the component laminate; The fireproof frame includes a fireproof base material and a fireproof coating applied to the surface of the fireproof base material; The raw materials of the fireproof substrate include high flame-retardant composite materials, a first flame retardant, plasticizer, stabilizer and ceramic filler; The raw materials for the fire-retardant coating include inorganic fillers and organic resins.

2. The fireproof photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one of the following conditions must be met: A. The highly flame-retardant composite material includes ceramicized silicone rubber and / or modified PVB; B. The first flame retardant comprises aluminum hydroxide and / or magnesium hydroxide; C. The plasticizer includes phosphate ester compounds; D. The stabilizer includes organosilicon compounds; E. The ceramic filler comprises one or more of alumina, titanium dioxide, fumed silica, mica powder, and zinc borate; F. The raw materials of the fire-retardant substrate, based on a total mass of 100%, include: The high flame-retardant composite material comprises 60%-80%, the flame retardant 10%-20%, the plasticizer 3%-7%, the stabilizer 2%-5%, and the ceramic filler 5%-8%.

3. The fireproof photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one of the following conditions must be met: A. The inorganic filler comprises nano-aluminum hydroxide and / or nano-magnesium oxide; B. The organic resin includes a first organosilicon resin; C. The raw materials for the fire-retardant coating, based on a total mass of 100%, include: The inorganic filler comprises 10%-30%, and the organic resin comprises 70%-90%.

4. The fireproof photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The raw materials of the fire-retardant sealant, based on a total mass of 100%, include: The second organic resin is 75%-85%, the second flame retardant is 10%-20%, and the curing agent is 3%-5%.

5. The fireproof photovoltaic module according to claim 4, characterized in that, At least one of the following conditions must be met: A. The second organic resin includes an organosilicon resin; B. The second flame retardant comprises aluminum hydroxide and / or magnesium hydroxide; C. The curing agent includes polyisocyanate compounds.

6. The fire-resistant photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The component laminate includes a fireproof isolation layer disposed on the outside of the component laminate; The fireproof isolation layer includes a flame-retardant fiber layer and a heat insulation layer disposed on the surface of the flame-retardant fiber layer.

7. The fireproof photovoltaic module according to claim 6, characterized in that, At least one of the following conditions must be met: A. The raw materials for the flame-retardant fiber layer include glass fiber and / or basalt fiber; B. The raw materials of the insulation layer include aerogel and / or ceramic fiber.

8. A method for preparing a fire-resistant photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, include: The raw materials of the fire-retardant substrate are mixed to obtain a first mixture, and the first mixture is made into a fire-retardant substrate by extrusion or calendering process; The raw materials of the fireproof coating are mixed to obtain a second mixture, and the second mixture is applied to the surface of the fireproof substrate by spraying or impregnation to obtain a fireproof frame; The fireproof frame, fireproof sealant, and component laminate are stacked and fixed by hot pressing or bonding processes to obtain the fireproof photovoltaic module.

9. The method for preparing a fire-resistant photovoltaic module according to claim 8, characterized in that, At least one of the following conditions must be met: A. The raw materials of the fire-retardant sealant are mixed to obtain a third mixture, and the third mixture is made into a fire-retardant sealant by an extrusion process; B. The heat insulation layer is applied to the surface of the flame-retardant fiber layer through a hot-pressing process to obtain a fireproof isolation layer; The fireproof isolation layer is disposed on the outside of the component laminate.

10. A photovoltaic system, characterized in that, Includes the fire-resistant photovoltaic module as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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