A circuit hardware system for a high pressure injector

Abstract

The application discloses a circuit hardware system of a high-pressure injector, which comprises a main control module, a driving module, a signal acquisition module, a power supply module and a safety monitoring module, wherein the main control module is electrically connected with the driving module, the signal acquisition module, the power supply module and the safety monitoring module respectively; the driving module is connected with an injection execution motor; and the main control module comprises a dynamic computing power distribution circuit which is used for dynamically adjusting the computing power distribution proportion of each operation unit in the main control module. The application adopts a modularized circuit design, optimizes the hardware selection and circuit layout of each functional module, enhances the anti-interference capability, perfects the safety monitoring and communication mechanism, and realizes the high-precision, high-safety and high-stability operation of the circuit hardware of the high-pressure injector.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical device technology, and in particular to a circuit hardware system for a high-pressure injector. Background Technology

[0002] High-pressure injectors are crucial equipment in medical imaging enhancement examinations. Their core function is to precisely inject contrast agents or therapeutic solutions into the patient's body within a short time at preset pressure, flow rate, and dosage, providing support for accurate visualization of lesions. They are widely used in clinical scenarios such as cardiovascular angiography and interventional oncology treatment. The circuit hardware, as the core execution unit of the high-pressure injector, directly determines the injection pressure, operational stability, and safety of use. Currently, the circuit hardware design of high-pressure injectors still has many technical shortcomings: 1) In high-pressure injection scenarios, the drive circuit cannot achieve seamless connection between "high-pressure low-speed stable injection" and "instantaneous high-pressure switching". In addition, there are problems such as current / voltage mutation and motor vibration during the switching process: Existing drive circuits either use a single PWM microstepping drive, which can only achieve low-speed stability but cannot provide instantaneous high-pressure injection. When the system needs high-pressure injection, the control current limit of the driver needs to be changed. The mode switching response is slow, resulting in injection dose deviation. During the switching process, there is no active suppression of current / voltage mutation, and only passive filtering is relied upon. Pressure fluctuations cannot be avoided, which in turn leads to clinical risks such as vascular stimulation. The core reason is that the existing drive circuit has not formed a closed-loop hardware logic of "smooth drive-high-pressure switching-buffered control". It is only an independent application of a single drive technology and cannot adapt to the dynamic requirements of high-pressure injection.

[0003] 2) The safety monitoring circuit uses a single sensor for independent detection, which inevitably leads to false alarms and missed alarms, and the response speed cannot meet the needs of clinical emergency scenarios: Existing safety monitoring circuits only output detection signals through a single sensor (such as a pressure sensor to detect tubing blockage and an ultrasonic sensor to detect air bubbles), without combining the physical process of high-pressure injection to build a multi-parameter collaborative judgment logic. Moreover, the judgment rules rely on software algorithms, resulting in long response delays (≥100ms) and susceptibility to interference and false triggering. For example, judging tubing blockage solely by pressure increase is easily confused with pressure abnormalities caused by drug extravasation; judging air bubbles solely by ultrasonic signals is prone to false alarms due to tubing vibration. The core reason is that existing monitoring circuits do not design a hardware-level fusion judgment mechanism for the abnormal physical model of high-pressure injection, but are only a simple combination of sensors and software algorithms, which cannot achieve accurate and rapid abnormal identification.

[0004] 3) The computing power allocation of the main control module is disconnected from the dynamic operating conditions of high-pressure injection, resulting in large fluctuations in response latency and inability to guarantee safety priorities in complex scenarios: The existing main control module adopts a fixed computing power allocation mode, distributing computing power evenly among functional units without dynamically adapting to the different scenarios of high-pressure injection (high-pressure rapid injection, low-flow-rate continuous injection) and safety priority requirements. For example, during high-pressure rapid injection, signal acquisition and drive control require a large amount of computing power, but the existing fixed allocation mode leads to insufficient computing power and increased response latency; in emergency alarm scenarios, the safety monitoring unit needs to occupy computing power first, but the existing design cannot achieve forced switching of computing power, posing a safety hazard. The core reason is that the existing computing power allocation is only a conventional design of general current detection + logic allocation, which is not strongly coupled with the physical processes of pressure and flow rate in high-pressure injection, nor is hardware-level safety enforcement logic set. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a circuit hardware system for a high-pressure injector to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the following technical solution is adopted: A high-pressure injector circuit hardware system includes a main control module, a drive module, a signal acquisition module, a power supply module, and a safety monitoring module. The main control module is electrically connected to the drive module, signal acquisition module, power supply module, and safety monitoring module. The drive module is connected to an injection actuator motor. The main control module includes a dynamic computing power allocation circuit for dynamically adjusting the computing power allocation ratio of each computing unit in the main control module. The computing units in the main control module include a drive control computing unit, a signal acquisition computing unit, a communication interaction computing unit, a safety monitoring computing unit, and an emergency processing computing unit. The drive module includes a cooperative drive circuit. The circuit includes a smooth drive unit, a high-voltage switching unit, a switching buffer unit, and a mode switching detection unit. The mode switching detection unit detects the switching state between the smooth drive unit and the high-voltage switching unit and outputs a switching state signal to the switching buffer unit. The switching buffer unit actively suppresses current and / or voltage surges during the switching process based on the switching state signal. The safety monitoring module includes a multi-sensor data fusion circuit, which synchronously acquires, preprocesses, and fuses pressure, temperature, current, and ultrasonic sensor signals to output anomaly classification alarm signals and emergency control signals.

[0007] Furthermore, the dynamic computing power allocation circuit includes a scene recognition unit, a computing power detection unit, a computing power allocation unit, and a safety forced bypass unit; the scene recognition unit is connected to the signal acquisition module and is used to identify high-pressure rapid injection scenarios, conventional injection scenarios, and low-flow-rate injection scenarios; the computing power detection unit is used to independently detect the occupancy status of each computing unit within the main control module; the computing power allocation unit is used to generate computing power allocation control signals based on the scene recognition results and occupancy status; the safety forced bypass unit is used to forcibly allocate more than 80% of the computing power to the safety monitoring computing unit and the emergency processing computing unit when receiving an emergency alarm signal output by the safety monitoring module.

[0008] Furthermore, the scene recognition unit includes a scene parameter acquisition circuit, a scene judgment chip, and a pressure change rate acquisition circuit; the scene parameter acquisition circuit is connected to the signal acquisition module; the scene judgment chip is used to compare the real-time acquired current injection pressure and pressure change rate with a preset scene threshold to identify the current injection scene; the pressure change rate acquisition circuit is used to perform differential processing on the pressure acquisition signal to obtain a pressure change rate signal.

[0009] Furthermore, the computing power detection unit uses an INA138NA chip; the computing power allocation unit uses a 74HC138 chip; and the safety forced bypass unit uses a 74HC02 chip.

[0010] Furthermore, the smooth drive unit includes a microstepping drive circuit and a current closed-loop control circuit; the microstepping drive circuit is used to perform microstepping drive on the stepper motor; the current closed-loop control circuit is used to adjust the drive signal according to the motor operating current and position signal to achieve smooth low-speed injection; the high-voltage switching unit includes a high-voltage drive enhancement circuit and a voltage feedback circuit; the high-voltage drive enhancement circuit includes a MOSFET IRF640 and a boost converter LM2577. When instantaneous high-voltage switching is required, the boost converter boosts the drive voltage from 24V to 36V, while the MOSFET IRF640 enhances the drive current to achieve instantaneous high-voltage drive; the voltage feedback circuit collects the boosted voltage signal through a voltage divider resistor and feeds it back to the feedback terminal of the boost converter LM2577.

[0011] Furthermore, the switching buffer unit includes an RC buffer circuit and a voltage follower. The switching buffer unit acquires the current / voltage signal of the drive circuit in real time through the voltage follower. When a sudden change in current / voltage is detected, it actively outputs a buffer control signal to adjust the impedance of the RC buffer circuit. The output of the voltage follower is linked with the mode switching detection unit to form a closed-loop control, ensuring real-time adaptation of the buffering effect. The mode switching detection unit includes a voltage comparator LM358 and a logic gate chip 74HC14. The mode switching detection unit is used to acquire the subdivision signal of the smooth drive unit and the boost signal of the high-voltage switching unit in real time, detect the drive mode switching status, and feed back the switching status signal to the switching buffer unit and the main control module to realize hardware closed-loop control of the switching process. When a switching abnormality is detected, an abnormal signal is immediately output to trigger the buffer unit to strengthen the suppression, and at the same time, it is fed back to the main control module. Furthermore, the signal acquisition module includes a pressure acquisition unit, a flow rate acquisition unit, a bubble sensor signal acquisition unit, and a synchronization signal acquisition unit.

[0012] Furthermore, the safety monitoring module includes a pipeline blockage monitoring unit, a liquid leakage monitoring unit, an air bubble monitoring unit, a motor abnormality monitoring unit, and an emergency stop interface. Furthermore, the multi-sensor data fusion circuit includes a data acquisition unit, a data preprocessing unit, a fusion judgment unit, and an alarm triggering unit. Furthermore, it also includes a communication module and a human-computer interaction module connected to the main control module.

[0013] By adopting the above solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1) This invention constructs a closed-loop hardware architecture of "smooth drive unit - high voltage switching unit - switching buffer unit" by adding a "high voltage low speed smooth drive and instantaneous high voltage switching collaborative circuit". The PWM subdivision drive, boost enhancement and active buffer control are linked through hardware logic gates, rather than simply spliced ​​together. Among them, the voltage follower (LM358 operational amplifier) ​​in the switching buffer unit forms real-time feedback with the mode switching detection circuit, actively suppressing the current / voltage change rate, so that the current change rate during the switching process is ≤5%, which is far lower than the ≥30% of the prior art. It realizes seamless switching without interrupting the movement of the same motor, and solves the fundamental bottleneck of the prior art from the circuit structure level. 2) This invention models common clinical anomalies such as tubing blockage, drug extravasation, and abnormal bubbles into exclusive "abnormal feature vectors" (e.g., tubing blockage corresponds to "pressure ≥300psi + duration 500ms + temperature fluctuation ≤±0.5℃", and drug extravasation corresponds to "abnormal pressure increase + temperature fluctuation ≥±0.5℃ + abnormal decrease in remaining drug volume"). A parallel judgment circuit is constructed using a hardware comparator array and a fuzzy logic control chip (LM358) to achieve hardware-level fusion of multi-sensor signals, with a response time ≤10ms, which is at least an order of magnitude better than existing software judgments. Simultaneously, by solidifying the fusion rules through hardware wiring, it does not rely on software operation, avoiding monitoring failures caused by software crashes at the circuit structure level, and completely solving the problems of false alarms and missed alarms. 3) The newly added "dynamic computing power allocation circuit based on injection scenario" in this invention is not a simple current detection and logic allocation, but rather a real-time binding of the computing power allocation ratio to the injection pressure change rate and flow rate parameters. Dynamic adjustment is achieved through hardware circuitry, and a new safety forced bypass logic (not dependent on software) is added. When an emergency alarm signal occurs, ≥80% of the computing power is directly allocated to the safety monitoring and emergency processing unit through hardware bypass, forcibly ensuring safety priority. Simultaneously, the computing power allocation logic is strongly coupled with the physical parameters of the injection scenario. In high-pressure, high-speed scenarios, priority is given to ensuring the driving and acquisition computing power, while in low-flow-rate scenarios, priority is given to ensuring the safety monitoring computing power. This achieves dynamic adaptation of computing power to operating conditions at the circuit structure level, solving the problem of response delay fluctuations. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a system architecture diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an architecture diagram of the main control module of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an architecture diagram of the driver module of the present invention; Figure 4 This is an architectural diagram of the signal acquisition module of the present invention; Figure 5 This is an architecture diagram of the safety monitoring module of the present invention; Figure 6 This is an architectural diagram of the power supply module of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a circuit diagram of the main control module of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a circuit diagram of the dynamic computing power allocation circuit of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a circuit diagram of the cooperative driving circuit of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0016] Reference Figures 1 to 9 As shown, this invention provides a circuit hardware system for a high-pressure injector, including a main control module, a drive module, a signal acquisition module, a power supply module, and a safety monitoring module. The main control module is electrically connected to the drive module, signal acquisition module, power supply module, and safety monitoring module. The drive module is connected to the injection execution motor. The main control module includes a dynamic computing power allocation circuit, which dynamically adjusts the computing power allocation ratio of each computing unit in the main control module. The computing units in the main control module include a drive control computing unit, a signal acquisition computing unit, a communication interaction computing unit, a safety monitoring computing unit, and an emergency processing computing unit. The drive module includes a co-processing unit... The co-drive circuit includes a smooth drive unit, a high-voltage switching unit, a switching buffer unit, and a mode switching detection unit. The mode switching detection unit detects the switching state between the smooth drive unit and the high-voltage switching unit and outputs a switching state signal to the switching buffer unit. The switching buffer unit actively suppresses current and / or voltage surges during the switching process based on the switching state signal. The safety monitoring module includes a multi-sensor data fusion circuit, which synchronously acquires, preprocesses, and fuses pressure, temperature, current, and ultrasonic sensor signals to output anomaly classification alarm signals and emergency control signals.

[0017] The circuit hardware architecture of this invention adopts a modular design, divided into a main control module, a driver module, a signal acquisition module, a power supply module, a safety monitoring module, a communication module, and a human-machine interaction module. Each module works independently yet works in concert. Through reasonable circuit layout and signal isolation design, the overall performance is improved. The specific design of each module is as follows: 1) Main control module The main control module, as the core control unit of the entire high-pressure injector circuit hardware, is responsible for receiving signals from each module, outputting precise control commands, and coordinating the collaborative work of each module. A new "dynamic computing power allocation circuit based on the injection scenario" is added, with the specific design as follows: The STM32H743VIT6 microcontroller is used as the main control chip. This chip features a high clock frequency (480MHz), fast processing speed, rich interfaces, and strong anti-interference capabilities. It can quickly process the signals fed back from various modules and output precise control commands to meet the real-time control requirements during high-pressure injection. The main control chip has a built-in 1MB Flash memory and 512KB RAM to store data such as device operating parameters, patient information, and operation logs. It supports online upgrades and data backup, which facilitates later maintenance and function iteration.

[0018] The main control module integrates a DMA controller to achieve high-speed data transmission, reduce CPU usage, and improve system response speed. It also integrates a watchdog circuit, which can automatically trigger a system reset when abnormal situations such as program crashes or system freezes occur, ensuring normal operation of the equipment. An external interrupt interface is set to receive emergency signals from the safety monitoring module and communication module. The interrupt priority is set as follows: emergency stop interrupt > safety alarm interrupt > signal acquisition interrupt > communication interrupt, enabling rapid response to abnormal situations.

[0019] The main control module's circuit layout adopts a ground isolation design, separating analog signals from digital signals to reduce interference from digital signals to analog signals; an RC filter circuit is set at the power input terminal to suppress power supply noise and ensure stable operation of the main control chip.

[0020] In one embodiment, the dynamic computing power allocation circuit includes a scene recognition unit, a computing power detection unit, a computing power allocation unit, and a safety forced bypass unit. The scene recognition unit is connected to the signal acquisition module and is used to identify high-pressure rapid injection scenarios, conventional injection scenarios, and low-flow-rate injection scenarios. The computing power detection unit is used to independently detect the occupancy status of each computing unit within the main control module. The computing power allocation unit is used to generate computing power allocation control signals based on the scene recognition results and occupancy status. The safety forced bypass unit is used to forcibly allocate more than 80% of the computing power to the safety monitoring computing unit and emergency processing unit when receiving an emergency alarm signal output by the safety monitoring module. The system comprises a computing unit; the scene recognition unit includes a scene parameter acquisition circuit, a scene judgment chip, and a pressure change rate acquisition circuit; the scene parameter acquisition circuit is connected to the signal acquisition module; the scene judgment chip is used to compare the real-time acquired current injection pressure and pressure change rate with a preset scene threshold to identify the current injection scene; the pressure change rate acquisition circuit is used to perform differential processing on the pressure acquisition signal to obtain the pressure change rate signal; the computing power detection unit uses the INA138NA chip; the computing power allocation unit uses the 74HC138 chip; and the safety forced bypass unit uses the 74HC02 chip.

[0021] Compared to existing technologies, the main control module of this invention adds a dynamic computing power allocation circuit, consisting of a computing power detection unit, a scene recognition unit, a computing power allocation unit, and a safety forced bypass unit. It communicates bidirectionally with the main control chip, breaking through the limitation of "fixed computing power allocation" in existing main control modules. The core innovation lies in the strong coupling between computing power allocation and the physical process of injection pressure / flow rate in the circuit structure, and the addition of hardware-level safety forced logic. This is not a simple application of existing general computing power allocation technologies. The specific circuit design and differences from existing technologies are as follows: Scene recognition unit: Composed of a scene parameter acquisition circuit (connected to the pressure and flow rate signals of the signal acquisition module) and a scene judgment chip (using an LM358 operational amplifier to form a comparison circuit), it collects the current injection pressure and pressure change rate in real time and performs a hardware-level comparison with preset scene thresholds (high pressure rapid scene: pressure ≥ 2.4 MPa, flow rate ≥ 10 ml / s; normal scene: pressure 0.1-2.0 MPa, flow rate 1-10 ml / s; low flow rate scene: pressure < 1.5 MPa, flow rate < 1 ml / s) to accurately identify the current injection scene. Unlike existing conventional designs that only collect pressure, this unit adds a pressure change rate acquisition circuit, which differentiates the pressure signal using an LM358 operational amplifier and outputs a pressure change rate signal, providing real-time physical parameter support for dynamic allocation of computing power.

[0022] Computing power detection unit: It adopts the INA138NA current detection chip to collect the operating current of each computing unit (drive control unit, signal acquisition unit, safety monitoring unit, and communication interaction unit) of the main control chip in real time. It calculates the current computing power utilization rate of each unit through hardware circuit. When the computing power utilization rate of any unit exceeds 80%, it outputs a hardware signal of insufficient computing power. Unlike the conventional design that only detects the total current, this unit realizes independent acquisition of the current of each computing unit through a multi-channel current acquisition circuit, providing a hardware foundation for accurate allocation of computing power.

[0023] Computing power allocation unit: Employing a 74HC138 logic control chip, it receives scene signals from the scene recognition unit, pressure change rate signals, and computing power signals from the computing power detection unit. Through hardware logic gate circuits, it dynamically adjusts the computing power allocation ratio of each processing unit on the main control chip. The core innovation lies in the fact that the computing power allocation ratio is not predetermined but dynamically adjusted in real-time based on the pressure change rate, and the allocation logic is bound to the injection safety level. The specific allocation logic is fixed through the pin connections of the 74HC138, independent of software configuration, ensuring an allocation response speed ≤10ms. Specific allocation strategy: Features high-pressure injection... When injection is required, if the pressure change rate is ≥100psi / s, 60% of the computing power is allocated to the drive control and signal acquisition unit to ensure the accuracy and real-time performance of high-pressure injection. In normal scenarios, if the pressure change rate is 1-20psi / s, 40% of the computing power is allocated to the drive control, 30% to the signal acquisition, and 30% to the communication and interaction unit to achieve coordinated operation of each module. In low-flow-rate scenarios, if the pressure change rate is <10psi / s, 50% of the computing power is allocated to the safety monitoring unit to improve the sensitivity of anomaly detection, while reducing the computing power occupation of other units and reducing energy consumption.

[0024] Safety Forced Bypass Unit: A new hardware forced bypass circuit composed of NOR gate logic chips (74HC02) is added. It does not rely on software control. When the safety monitoring module outputs an emergency alarm signal (such as pipeline blockage or motor stall), this unit directly triggers a hardware interrupt, forcibly allocating more than 80% of the computing power to the safety monitoring and emergency processing unit. This unit has a higher priority than the computing power allocation logic in all scenarios, ensuring a rapid response in emergency situations. This circuit structure solves the technical problem that the existing computing power allocation cannot guarantee the safety priority.

[0025] The following table compares the dynamic computing power allocation circuit of this invention with existing general computing power allocation circuits:

[0026] Table 1. Comparison of the dynamic computing power allocation circuit of the present invention with existing general computing power allocation circuits. The core signal flow path (logic gate level / signal flow level description) of this dynamic computing power allocation circuit is as follows: pressure sensor signal → CS1237 digital instrumentation amplifier amplification → LM358 operational amplifier (scene recognition unit) performs threshold comparison and differentiation processing, outputting scene signal and pressure change rate signal; simultaneously, INA138NA current detection chip collects the current of each operational unit of the main control and outputs computing power occupancy signal; the above signals are jointly input to 74HC138 logic control chip (computing power allocation unit), which outputs computing power allocation control signal through hardware logic operation, and connects to the computing power control interface of the main control chip; when the safety monitoring module outputs an emergency alarm signal, 74HC02 NOR gate chip (safety forced bypass unit) triggers a hardware interrupt, forcibly outputting computing power allocation control signal, allocating ≥80% of computing power to the safety monitoring and emergency processing unit, realizing rapid response in emergency scenarios. This design, combined with the dedicated injection scenario of high-pressure injectors, achieves dynamic adaptation of computing power, solving the technical problems of unreasonable computing power allocation and unstable response in complex scenarios in existing main control modules. In one embodiment, the smooth drive unit includes a microstepping drive circuit and a current closed-loop control circuit; the microstepping drive circuit is used to perform microstepping drive on the stepper motor; the current closed-loop control circuit is used to adjust the drive signal according to the motor operating current and position signal to achieve smooth low-speed injection; the high-voltage switching unit includes a high-voltage drive enhancement circuit and a voltage feedback circuit; the high-voltage drive enhancement circuit includes a MOSFET IRF640 and a boost converter LM2577. When instantaneous high-voltage switching is required, the boost converter boosts the drive voltage from 24V to 36V, while the MOSFET IRF640 enhances the drive current to achieve instantaneous high-voltage drive; the voltage feedback circuit collects the boosted voltage signal through a voltage divider resistor and feeds it back to the feedback terminal of the boost converter LM2577.

[0027] The switching buffer unit includes an RC buffer circuit and a voltage follower. The switching buffer unit acquires the current / voltage signals of the drive circuit in real time through the voltage follower. When a sudden change in current / voltage is detected, it actively outputs a buffer control signal to adjust the impedance of the RC buffer circuit. The output of the voltage follower is linked with the mode switching detection unit to form a closed-loop control, ensuring real-time adaptation of the buffering effect. The mode switching detection unit includes a voltage comparator LM358 and a logic gate chip 74HC14. The mode switching detection unit is used to acquire the subdivision signal of the smooth drive unit and the boost signal of the high-voltage switching unit in real time, detect the drive mode switching status, and feed back the switching status signal to the switching buffer unit and the main control module to achieve hardware closed-loop control of the switching process. When a switching abnormality is detected, an abnormal signal is immediately output, triggering the buffer unit to strengthen suppression, and simultaneously feeding back to the main control module. In this embodiment, the drive module receives control commands from the main control module and drives the stepper motor of the high-pressure injector to achieve precise injection of the contrast agent. A new "high-pressure low-speed stable drive and instantaneous high-pressure switching collaborative circuit" is added, and its specific design is as follows: The H-bridge driver circuit is composed of the full-bridge driver chip TMC5156 and the WSD60N10GDN56 transistor, which replaces the traditional driver structure built with discrete components. This simplifies the circuit structure and improves the driving efficiency and operational stability. The driver chip TMC5156 has overcurrent and overtemperature protection functions, which can effectively protect the MOSFET and stepper motor and prevent damage to the equipment due to overload and overheating.

[0028] The drive module incorporates a current sampling circuit that uses a 0.1Ω shunt resistor to collect the motor's operating current and feeds it back to the main control module in real time. This enables closed-loop control of the motor current, preventing issues such as motor overload and stall. An integrated photoelectric encoder (model HE25-2, 2000 lines resolution, angular error ±0.036°) is used to collect motor speed and angle signals. The main control module adjusts the duty cycle of the drive signal based on the position signal, achieving precise speed control and positioning of the stepper motor. This, in turn, controls the injection flow rate and dosage, ensuring injection accuracy.

[0029] To enhance the anti-interference capability of the drive module, an RC filter circuit (R=1kΩ, C=100nF) and a TVS transient suppression diode (model SMBJ24A) are set in the drive circuit to suppress electromagnetic interference and voltage spikes, protecting the drive chip and MOSFET. An isolation optocoupler is used to isolate the control signal from the drive signal to avoid high voltage signal interference with the normal operation of the main control module. A choke is set at the power input terminal of the drive module to further suppress power supply noise.

[0030] Simultaneously, a new collaborative drive circuit is added, consisting of a smooth drive unit, a high-voltage switching unit, a switching buffer unit, and a mode switching detection unit. The core innovation lies in the fact that the switching buffer unit and the mode switching detection circuit form a hardware closed loop, which actively suppresses current / voltage mutation rates rather than passively filtering them, achieving seamless switching without interrupting the movement of the same motor. The specific circuit design and its differences from existing technologies are as follows: Stable Drive Unit: Employing a PWM microstepping drive circuit (composed of a microstepping chip TMC5156), the step angle of the stepper motor is subdivided to 1 / 32 step. Combined with current closed-loop control, this achieves stable low-speed injection under high-pressure scenarios, avoiding vascular irritation caused by uneven drug injection. Unlike existing conventional designs that only use PWM microstepping, this unit links the output of the TMC5156 microstepping chip with a current sampling circuit. The microstepping accuracy is adjusted in real time through hardware circuitry. When the motor speed is below 10 r / min, the microstepping accuracy is automatically increased to 1 / 64 step, further reducing low-speed jitter and solving the technical problem of low-speed injection jitter in existing high-pressure systems.

[0031] High-voltage switching unit: Employs a high-voltage drive enhancement circuit (composed of an IRF640 MOSFET and an LM2577 boost chip). When instantaneous high-voltage switching is required (such as during the rapid injection of contrast agents), the boost chip increases the drive voltage from 24V to 36V, while the IRF640 enhances the drive current to achieve instantaneous high-voltage drive. Unlike existing conventional designs that only use boost chips, this unit adds a voltage feedback circuit. It collects the boosted voltage signal through a voltage divider resistor and feeds it back to the feedback terminal of the LM2577 boost chip, achieving precise hardware-level control of the boost voltage. The voltage fluctuation is ≤±0.5V, and the switching response time is ≤5ms, meeting the requirements of instantaneous high-pressure injection for high-voltage injection.

[0032] The switching buffer unit employs an RC buffer circuit (R=2kΩ, C=220nF) and a voltage follower (LM358 operational amplifier). The core innovation lies in the fact that it is not a simple passive filter, but rather it acquires the current / voltage signal of the drive circuit in real time through the voltage follower. When a sudden change in current / voltage is detected, it actively outputs a buffer control signal to adjust the impedance of the RC buffer circuit and suppress the magnitude of the sudden change, so that the current change rate during the switching process is ≤5%. At the same time, the output of the voltage follower is linked with the mode switching detection unit to form a closed-loop control, ensuring real-time adaptation of the buffering effect.

[0033] The mode switching detection unit consists of a voltage comparator (LM358) and a logic gate chip (74HC14). It acquires the subdivision signal of the smooth drive unit and the boost signal of the high voltage switching unit in real time, detects the drive mode switching status, and feeds back the switching status signal to the switching buffer unit and the main control module to realize hardware closed-loop control of the switching process. When a switching abnormality is detected (such as the current change rate exceeding 5%), an abnormal signal is immediately output to trigger the buffer unit to strengthen the suppression, and at the same time feeds back to the main control module to ensure that the jitter amplitude of the switching process is significantly reduced to ≤0.05mm and seamless.

[0034] The following table compares the cooperative driving circuit of the present invention with existing driving circuits:

[0035] Table 2 Comparison of Cooperative Drive Circuit and Existing Drive Circuit The core signal flow path of this collaborative drive circuit is as follows: the drive control signal output by the main control module → signal isolation by the isolation optocoupler (TLP521-4) → split into two outputs, one input to the TMC5160 microstepping chip (smooth drive unit), which outputs a low-speed smooth drive signal after microstepping processing; the other input to the LM2577 boost chip (high-voltage switching unit), which drives the IRF640 MOSFET to achieve high-voltage drive; the LM339 voltage comparator of the mode switching detection unit collects the two drive signals in real time and outputs a switching status signal → the LM358 operational amplifier (switching buffer unit) receives the switching status signal and adjusts the impedance of the RC buffer circuit in real time to actively suppress current / voltage surges; at the same time, the current sampling circuit collects the motor operating current and feeds it back to the THB6128 microstepping chip and the LM2577 boost chip to achieve current closed-loop control, ensuring seamless switching and significantly reducing jitter to ≤0.05mm. This collaborative drive circuit is not a simple combination of existing stable drive and high-voltage drive technologies, but rather achieves organic collaboration between the two drive modes through a buffer unit and closed-loop control. It solves the technical bottleneck that existing drive circuits cannot simultaneously handle high voltage and stable operation, and is adapted to the clinical injection needs of high-voltage injectors.

[0036] In one embodiment, the signal acquisition module includes a pressure acquisition unit, a flow rate acquisition unit, a bubble sensor signal acquisition unit, and a synchronization signal acquisition unit.

[0037] The signal acquisition module is used to acquire key parameters during the operation of the high-pressure injector, including injection pressure, flow rate, bubble sensor signals, ECG gating signals, and control signals from large imaging equipment (CT, MR, DSA). It provides accurate data support for the main control module's control decisions. Based on the original design, and combined with the main control module's dynamic computing power allocation circuit, it achieves scenario-based adaptive acquisition accuracy. The specific design is as follows: Pressure Acquisition: A high-precision DSHW-113 pressure sensor is used, with a measurement range of 1000KG and an accuracy of ±0.5%, enabling accurate real-time pressure acquisition during injection. The sensor output signal is processed by the instrumentation amplifier ICS1237-SO before being sent to the main control chip interface to achieve analog-to-digital signal conversion. The sampling frequency is set to 100Hz to ensure the real-time performance and accuracy of the pressure data. The pressure acquisition circuit adopts a differential amplification design to enhance anti-interference capabilities and reduce signal distortion. Combined with a dynamic computing power allocation circuit, the sampling frequency is increased to 200Hz in high-pressure, high-speed scenarios and decreased to 50Hz in low-flow-rate scenarios, achieving a dynamic balance between sampling accuracy and energy consumption. Unlike existing general-purpose pressure acquisition circuits, this design adds a pressure signal differentiating circuit (composed of an LM358 operational amplifier) ​​to acquire the pressure change rate signal in real time, providing hardware support for dynamic computing power allocation. Furthermore, the feedback resistor of the differential amplification circuit is an adjustable resistor, which can be manually calibrated according to clinical scenarios to improve acquisition accuracy.

[0038] Flow rate acquisition: The stepper motor's rotational speed signal is acquired via an optical encoder. The main control module calculates the real-time injection flow rate based on the motor speed and the syringe barrel diameter. The sampling frequency is consistent with the pressure acquisition frequency to ensure the synchronization of flow rate and pressure data. The flow rate acquisition circuit is equipped with a signal shaping module to eliminate noise interference in the rotational speed signal and improve the accuracy of flow rate acquisition. Combined with the collaborative drive circuit, the response speed of flow rate sampling is automatically improved when the drive mode is switched, avoiding flow rate acquisition distortion during the switching process. The core circuit innovation lies in the fact that the signal shaping module uses a Schmitt trigger (SN74LVC2G14) and an RC filter circuit in series, instead of the existing single filter design, which can effectively eliminate jitter noise in the rotational speed signal and ensure that the flow rate acquisition error is ≤±0.05ml / s.

[0039] Bubble sensor signal acquisition: An AD-101 ultrasonic sensor is used and installed at the injection tubing interface. By detecting the difference in the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves in the liquid and bubbles, the bubble signal in the tubing is identified. The sensor output signal is filtered and amplified before being sent to the main control module to achieve real-time bubble detection. The bubble acquisition circuit is equipped with a signal threshold comparison module to initially screen bubble signals and reduce false detections. Combined with the multi-sensor fusion technology of the safety monitoring module, the bubble signal and pressure signal are judged in a coordinated manner to avoid false alarms from single bubble detection. The core circuit innovation lies in the use of dual voltage comparators (LM358) in the signal threshold comparison module, which sets the upper and lower thresholds for bubble detection, effectively distinguishing bubbles from tubing impurities, with a false detection rate of ≤0.1%.

[0040] Synchronous signal acquisition: The MAX3485 integrated circuit is used to convert the ECG gating signal to RS485 level, converting the ECG gating signal (QRS peak signal) output by the ECG machine into a level signal that can be recognized by the main control chip. Simultaneously, the scanning injection signal and exposure signal from the X-ray machine are acquired. After interstage isolation by a voltage follower composed of LM358 operational amplifiers, the signals are sent to the main control module to achieve synchronous control with large imaging equipment (CT, MR, DSA) and ECG monitors. The synchronous signal acquisition circuit uses shielded wires for signal transmission to reduce electromagnetic interference. Combined with the closed-loop synchronous control technology of the communication module, real-time calibration of the synchronous signal is achieved, improving the accuracy of synchronous control. The core circuit innovation lies in the addition of a synchronous signal calibration circuit (composed of LM358 operational amplifiers), which compares the synchronization deviation between the ECG gating signal and the injection control signal in real time. Automatic calibration through hardware circuitry ensures a synchronization deviation ≤1ms.

[0041] The core signal flow path of the signal acquisition module (taking pressure acquisition as an example): The DSHW-113 pressure sensor outputs an analog signal → the CS1237 analog-to-digital converter instrumentation amplifier performs differential amplification (amplification factor 100 times) → the RC filter circuit (R=1kΩ, C=100nF) reduces noise → the LM358 operational amplifier performs differential processing and outputs a digital signal → one signal is sent to the main control chip interface for injection parameter control; the other signal is sent to the scene recognition unit of the dynamic computing power allocation circuit for computing power allocation adjustment; at the same time, the feedback resistor of the differential amplifier circuit is adjustable via a hardware knob for accuracy calibration in clinical scenarios.

[0042] In the signal acquisition module, all analog signals undergo RC filtering and differential amplification. Analog and digital signals are wired separately and grounded to suppress electromagnetic interference and signal noise, ensuring the accuracy of the acquired data. The acquisition module uses linear regulated power supply to further improve signal acquisition accuracy. At the same time, the dynamic computing power allocation circuit of the acquisition module and the main control module are linked to achieve scenario-based adaptive sampling frequency and amplification factor, breaking through the limitations of the existing acquisition circuit's "fixed parameter acquisition" and improving acquisition accuracy and adaptability.

[0043] For the power supply module, in one embodiment, the power supply module provides a stable and reliable power supply for the entire circuit hardware system, solving the problems of insufficient stability, high energy consumption, and lack of protection mechanisms in existing power supply circuits. Based on the original design, it combines the dynamic computing power allocation circuit of the main control module with the collaborative driving circuit of the drive module to realize the dynamic adjustment of the power supply voltage and current, highlighting the dynamic adaptation innovation of the circuit structure. The specific design is as follows: It adopts a wide voltage input design (AC 100-240V) to adapt to the power grid voltage of different regions. The AC voltage is converted to DC voltage through a switching power supply module (model RPS-200-24), which is divided into four voltage levels: 24V, 12V, 5V and 3.3V, which power the respective modules: 24V powers the stepper motor of the drive module; 12V powers the safety monitoring module; 5V powers the human-machine interaction module and communication module; and 3.3V powers the main control module and signal acquisition module.

[0044] The power supply module is equipped with voltage regulation circuits and overcurrent, overvoltage, and undervoltage protection circuits: Three-terminal regulators LM2576S-12 (12V output), LM2576S-5.0 (5V output), and AMS1117-3.3 (3.3V output) are used to achieve precise voltage regulation, ensuring stable power supply to each module; overcurrent and overvoltage protection are achieved through fuses (5A / 250V) and transient suppression diodes (SMBJ6.5A). When the power supply voltage is abnormal, the protection circuit automatically cuts off the power supply to avoid damage to equipment components; the core circuit innovation lies in the addition of an undervoltage warning circuit (composed of an LM358 voltage comparator). When the power supply voltage is lower than 90% of the rated value, a warning signal is output in advance, triggering the main control module to adjust the power supply strategy and avoid equipment shutdown caused by power supply abnormalities.

[0045] A backup power interface is provided, which can connect to a 24V, 10000mAh lithium battery to ensure that the equipment can continue to complete the injection operation normally in the event of a sudden power outage, thus improving the reliability of the equipment. An automatic switching circuit is set between the backup power supply and the main power supply. When the main power supply is interrupted, it automatically switches to the backup power supply, with a switching delay of ≤2ms, so as not to affect the continuity of the injection operation. A new backup power supply dynamic monitoring circuit is added, which consists of an INA138NA current detection chip and an LM358 operational amplifier. It collects the backup power supply power in real time. When the power is below 20%, an alarm is triggered, and the power supply strategy is adjusted to prioritize the power supply to the safety monitoring and emergency handling modules. This monitoring circuit calculates the power through hardware circuitry, without relying on software, and the monitoring accuracy is ≤±1%.

[0046] The power supply circuit wiring design is optimized, using thick wires to transmit high current and reduce line losses. An EMI filter is installed at the power input to suppress electromagnetic interference in the power grid and reduce the device's own interference to the grid. Through reasonable power distribution, circuit energy consumption is reduced by 60% compared to traditional power supply circuits, which is in line with the green development trend of medical devices. By combining the dynamic computing power allocation circuit of the main control module and the collaborative drive circuit of the drive module, dynamic adjustment of the power supply current is achieved: in high-voltage and high-speed scenarios, the power supply current of the drive module is increased to 3A to meet the instantaneous high-voltage drive requirements; in low-flow-rate scenarios, the power supply current of the drive module is reduced to 1A to reduce energy consumption; in emergency scenarios, priority is given to ensuring the power supply of safety monitoring and the main control module to ensure the reliability of emergency handling. This dynamic power supply adjustment design collects the current signal of the drive module through the INA138NA current detection chip and feeds it back to the LM2576 power chip to achieve hardware-level dynamic adjustment of the power supply current, breaking through the limitation of the existing power supply circuit's "fixed voltage and current output", realizing dynamic adaptation of power supply and injection conditions, and improving power supply efficiency and reliability.

[0047] In one embodiment, the safety monitoring module includes a pipeline blockage monitoring unit, a liquid leakage monitoring unit, a bubble monitoring unit, a motor abnormality monitoring unit, and an emergency stop interface. The safety monitoring module is used to monitor various abnormal situations during the operation of the high-pressure injector, promptly issue alarm signals and trigger emergency handling to ensure the safety of patients and equipment. In response to the problem that the existing safety monitoring circuit only uses a single sensor for independent detection and is prone to false alarms, a new "intelligent safety monitoring circuit with multi-sensor data fusion" has been added, which includes a data acquisition unit, a data preprocessing unit, a fusion judgment unit, and an alarm triggering unit.

[0048] The safety monitoring module adopts a hardware architecture of multi-sensor collaborative monitoring, integrating sensor signals such as pressure, temperature, current, and ultrasound. Combined with newly added multi-sensor data fusion technology, it can achieve comprehensive, rapid, and accurate detection of various abnormal situations. The specific monitoring functions are as follows: Tube blockage monitoring: When the pressure signal collected by the pressure sensor exceeds the preset threshold (adjustable according to clinical needs, default 350psi) and lasts for more than 100ms, it is determined to be a tube blockage, and the monitoring circuit immediately sends a signal to the main control module; the monitoring circuit is equipped with a pressure comparator to achieve accurate judgment of the pressure threshold, with a response delay of ≤10ms; combined with the temperature signal from the temperature sensor, when the pressure rises abnormally and the temperature does not fluctuate significantly, the tube blockage is further confirmed (excluding pressure rise caused by drug leakage), reducing false alarms.

[0049] Extravasation monitoring: A pressure sensor and a temperature sensor are used for collaborative monitoring. The temperature sensor is installed at the injection site. When the pressure at the injection site increases abnormally and the temperature fluctuates abnormally by more than ±0.5℃, it is determined that the medication has extravasated and an alarm is triggered. The temperature sensor uses a high-precision NTC thermistor with a measurement accuracy of ±0.1℃ to ensure monitoring accuracy. When the rate of decrease of the remaining medication is abnormal (less than 50% of the normal injection rate) and is accompanied by abnormal pressure and temperature, extravasation is further confirmed, improving monitoring accuracy.

[0050] Bubble monitoring: Receives bubble signals from ultrasonic sensors. When a bubble diameter greater than 0.1mm is detected, an alarm is immediately triggered, and a signal is sent to the main control module to start the venting process. The monitoring circuit is equipped with a bubble signal amplification and shaping module to improve bubble detection sensitivity and avoid false alarms. Combined with the pressure signal from the pressure sensor, when a bubble signal appears and the pressure drops instantaneously, the presence of a bubble is confirmed, avoiding false alarms caused by sensor mis-triggers.

[0051] Motor anomaly monitoring: The motor operating current is collected through the current sampling circuit. When the current value exceeds the preset overload threshold (default 2A), it is determined that the motor is abnormal. The monitoring circuit immediately cuts off the motor drive power to avoid motor damage. At the same time, an abnormal signal is sent to the main control module and an abnormality log is recorded. Combined with the speed signal of the photoelectric encoder, when the motor current is abnormal and the speed is 0 (stalled), it is determined that the motor is stalled. When the current is abnormal and the speed fluctuation exceeds ±5%, it is determined that the motor speed is abnormal, realizing accurate classification and monitoring of motor anomalies.

[0052] Emergency Stop Interface: A hardware emergency stop button is provided, using an independent hardware circuit design that does not rely on the main control module. In case of an emergency, pressing the button will immediately cut off all power to the device and stop the injection operation, ensuring the safety of the device in emergency situations. The emergency stop signal takes priority over all other signals, with a response time of ≤5ms. An emergency stop signal feedback circuit is added to provide real-time feedback of the emergency stop status to the main control module and the hospital information system, facilitating later traceability and emergency handling.

[0053] To address the technical challenges of existing safety monitoring circuits, such as "independent detection by a single sensor, prone to false alarms, and missed alarms," ​​a new multi-sensor data fusion circuit is introduced. This circuit comprises a data acquisition unit, a data preprocessing unit, a fusion judgment unit, an alarm triggering unit, and an anomaly feature vector hardware mapping unit. The core innovation lies in the fact that the fusion rules are specific to the physical model of a high-pressure injector, and these rules are programmable and configurable at the circuit level. The concept of "anomaly feature vector" is proposed and mapped to threshold combinations of a hardware comparator. The specific circuit design and its differences from existing technologies are as follows: Data acquisition unit: Synchronously acquires real-time signals from multiple sensors such as pressure, temperature, current, and ultrasound. It adopts differential transmission to reduce signal interference and ensure the accuracy of data acquisition. Unlike existing general acquisition units, this unit uses a multi-channel synchronous acquisition circuit to achieve synchronous acquisition of signals from multiple sensors. The acquisition synchronization error is ≤1ms, providing accurate synchronous data support for fusion judgment.

[0054] Data preprocessing unit: The filter circuit (RC filter + threshold comparison) is used to reduce noise in the collected multi-sensor data and remove abnormal data points; at the same time, a signal normalization circuit (composed of CS1237-SO instrumentation amplifier) ​​is used to convert the signals of different sensors into a unified voltage signal (0-3.3V) to facilitate subsequent fusion and judgment.

[0055] Fusion Judgment Unit: Employing the LM358 fuzzy logic control chip, it receives the normalized signal from the data preprocessing unit and the threshold signal from the abnormal feature vector hardware mapping unit. Parallel judgment is achieved through hardware logic gate circuits. The preset fusion rules are derived from the physical model specific to high-pressure injectors, and the specific logic is solidified through the external resistor network of the LM358, independent of software operation. Simultaneously, an adaptive threshold adjustment circuit, composed of a CS1237-SO instrumentation amplifier, is set up. Depending on different clinical scenarios (such as adult / pediatric injections, different viscosity medications), the comparator threshold can be adjusted via a hardware knob or software system configuration, improving the adaptability of monitoring. This unit achieves accurate identification of abnormal situations, avoiding false alarms caused by mis-triggered single sensors, with a judgment response time ≤5ms.

[0056] Alarm triggering unit: Based on the judgment result of the fusion judgment unit, it outputs differentiated alarm signals (different alarm frequencies and indicator light colors correspond to different abnormalities), and simultaneously sends emergency control signals to the main control module to trigger corresponding emergency handling procedures (such as stopping injection when the tubing is blocked, starting venting when bubbles appear, or stopping injection in an emergency); a new alarm priority judgment circuit is added, composed of a 74HC14D logic gate chip, which sets different alarm priorities according to the severity of the abnormality (emergency abnormalities: such as tubing blockage, motor stall; general abnormalities: such as low remaining drug volume), ensuring that medical staff prioritize handling emergency abnormalities; the alarm triggering logic of this unit is implemented through hardware circuitry, without relying on software, avoiding alarm failure caused by software crashes.

[0057] The core signal flow path of this multi-sensor data fusion circuit is as follows: multi-sensor (pressure, temperature, ultrasound) output signals → analog multiplexer (data acquisition unit) for synchronous acquisition → RC filter + threshold comparison circuit (data preprocessing unit) for noise reduction and normalization → CS1237 instrumentation amplifier (signal normalization) outputs a unified 0-3.3V signal → splits into two paths: one path inputs to an LM339 comparator array (abnormal feature vector hardware mapping unit), compares it with a preset threshold, and outputs a feature vector matching signal; the other path inputs to an LM358 fuzzy logic control chip (fusion judgment unit), combines the feature vector matching signal, and performs anomaly judgment through hardware logic operations → outputs anomaly judgment signal to a 74HC02 logic gate chip (alarm priority judgment unit) to determine alarm priority → outputs differentiated alarm signals and emergency control signals, one path drives an audible and visual alarm device, and the other path is sent to the main control module to trigger emergency handling (such as cutting off the drive power supply or starting the exhaust process); at the same time, the comparator threshold can be adjusted via a hardware knob or software configuration. This multi-sensor data fusion circuit is not a simple superposition of existing sensor data, but achieves intelligent judgment of abnormal situations through preset fusion rules and adaptive threshold adjustment. It solves the technical problems of false alarms and missed alarms in existing safety monitoring circuits, and is also suitable for clinical scenarios of high-pressure injectors.

[0058] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A circuit hardware system for a high-pressure injector, characterized in that, The system includes a main control module, a drive module, a signal acquisition module, a power supply module, and a safety monitoring module. The main control module is electrically connected to each of these modules. The drive module is connected to the injection actuator motor. The main control module includes a dynamic computing power allocation circuit, which dynamically adjusts the computing power allocation ratio of each computing unit within the main control module. The computing units within the main control module include a drive control computing unit, a signal acquisition computing unit, a communication interaction computing unit, a safety monitoring computing unit, and an emergency processing computing unit. The drive module includes a collaborative drive circuit. The circuit includes a smooth drive unit, a high-voltage switching unit, a switching buffer unit, and a mode switching detection unit. The mode switching detection unit detects the switching state between the smooth drive unit and the high-voltage switching unit and outputs a switching state signal to the switching buffer unit. The switching buffer unit actively suppresses current and / or voltage surges during the switching process based on the switching state signal. The safety monitoring module includes a multi-sensor data fusion circuit, which synchronously acquires, preprocesses, and fuses pressure, temperature, current, and ultrasonic sensor signals to output anomaly classification alarm signals and emergency control signals.

2. The circuit hardware system of the high-pressure injector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic computing power allocation circuit includes a scene recognition unit, a computing power detection unit, a computing power allocation unit, and a safety forced bypass unit. The scene recognition unit is connected to the signal acquisition module and is used to identify high-pressure rapid injection scenarios, conventional injection scenarios, and low-flow-rate injection scenarios. The computing power detection unit is used to independently detect the occupancy status of each computing unit within the main control module. The computing power allocation unit is used to generate computing power allocation control signals based on the scene recognition results and occupancy status. The safety forced bypass unit is used to forcibly allocate more than 80% of the computing power to the safety monitoring computing unit and the emergency processing computing unit when it receives an emergency alarm signal output by the safety monitoring module.

3. The circuit hardware system of the high-pressure injector according to claim 2, characterized in that, The scene recognition unit includes a scene parameter acquisition circuit, a scene judgment chip, and a pressure change rate acquisition circuit; the scene parameter acquisition circuit is connected to the signal acquisition module; the scene judgment chip is used to compare the real-time acquired current injection pressure and pressure change rate with a preset scene threshold to identify the current injection scene; the pressure change rate acquisition circuit is used to perform differential processing on the pressure acquisition signal to obtain the pressure change rate signal.

4. The circuit hardware system of the high-pressure injector according to claim 3, characterized in that, The computing power detection unit uses an INA138NA chip; the computing power allocation unit uses a 74HC138 chip; and the security forced bypass unit uses a 74HC02 chip.

5. The circuit hardware system of the high-pressure injector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The smooth drive unit includes a microstepping drive circuit and a current closed-loop control circuit. The microstepping drive circuit is used to perform microstepping drive on the stepper motor. The current closed-loop control circuit is used to adjust the drive signal according to the motor operating current and position signal to achieve smooth low-speed injection. The high-voltage switching unit includes a high-voltage drive enhancement circuit and a voltage feedback circuit. The high-voltage drive enhancement circuit includes a MOSFET IRF640 and a boost converter LM2577. When instantaneous high-voltage switching is required, the boost converter boosts the drive voltage from 24V to 36V, while the MOSFET IRF640 enhances the drive current to achieve instantaneous high-voltage drive. The voltage feedback circuit collects the boosted voltage signal through a voltage divider resistor and feeds it back to the feedback terminal of the boost converter LM2577.

6. The circuit hardware system of the high-pressure injector according to claim 5, characterized in that, The switching buffer unit includes an RC buffer circuit and a voltage follower. The switching buffer unit acquires the current / voltage signals of the drive circuit in real time through the voltage follower. When a sudden change in current / voltage is detected, it actively outputs a buffer control signal to adjust the impedance of the RC buffer circuit. The output of the voltage follower is linked with the mode switching detection unit to form a closed-loop control, ensuring real-time adaptation of the buffering effect. The mode switching detection unit includes a voltage comparator LM358 and a logic gate chip 74HC14. The mode switching detection unit is used to acquire the subdivision signal of the smooth drive unit and the boost signal of the high-voltage switching unit in real time, detect the drive mode switching status, and feed back the switching status signal to the switching buffer unit and the main control module to achieve hardware closed-loop control of the switching process. When a switching abnormality is detected, an abnormal signal is immediately output, triggering the buffer unit to strengthen suppression, and simultaneously feeding back to the main control module.

7. The circuit hardware system of the high-pressure injector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal acquisition module includes a pressure acquisition unit, a flow rate acquisition unit, a bubble sensor signal acquisition unit, and a synchronization signal acquisition unit.

8. The circuit hardware system of the high-pressure injector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The safety monitoring module includes a pipeline blockage monitoring unit, a liquid leakage monitoring unit, an air bubble monitoring unit, a motor abnormality monitoring unit, and an emergency stop interface.

9. The circuit hardware system of the high-pressure injector according to claim 8, characterized in that, The multi-sensor data fusion circuit includes a data acquisition unit, a data preprocessing unit, a fusion judgment unit, and an alarm triggering unit.

10. The circuit hardware system of the high-pressure injector according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a communication module and a human-computer interaction module that are connected to the main control module.

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