Photoelectric fusion on-chip integrated weighting regulation device and method

Abstract

The application provides a photoelectric fusion on-chip integrated weighting regulation device and method, and belongs to the technical field of optical analog signal processing. The application actively searches and identifies the amplitude mismatch coefficient between the double output channels of the optical weighting unit by monitoring the output optical power of the optical weighting unit and the output photocurrent of the balanced photoelectric detection unit, and adjusts the output power of the two monitoring ports of the weighting unit through the coefficient, so that the monitoring weight value is consistent with the implemented weight value, and the weight deviation is compensated. Meanwhile, the long-time stability of the output weight value of the optical weighting unit can be maintained. The photoelectric fusion on-chip integrated weighting regulation device and method have the advantages of high photoelectric hybrid integration regulation precision, good long-time stability and simple and compact structure, and meet the application requirements of the weighting precision of optical analog signal processing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of optical analog signal processing technology, and relates to an on-chip weighted control device and method for optoelectronic fusion. Background Technology

[0002] As communications advance towards higher frequency bands and larger bandwidths, traditional electrical processing techniques struggle to meet the demands of wide-bandwidth signal processing due to inherent limitations in electronic devices, such as limited operating bandwidth and weak cross-band capability. Optical analog signal processing technology upconverts radio frequency (RF) signals to the optical domain via electro-optic modulation, processes the signal in the optical domain, and then recovers the optical-carried microwave signal back to the RF domain via photoelectric detection. This offers significant advantages such as large bandwidth, low delay, low loss, and strong multiplexing. In optical analog signal processing systems, weighted modulation is a core functional unit, requiring precise control of weights according to signal processing requirements. Since weights in the analog domain often rely on fine-tuning of physical quantities (such as light intensity, phase, and wavelength), and this adjustment process is highly susceptible to factors such as device nonlinear response, ambient temperature fluctuations, manufacturing process deviations, and inter-channel crosstalk, deviations occur between the actual weights and the target values, limiting weight accuracy in optical analog signal processing. As typical applications of optical analog domain signal processing, optical computing and microwave photonics signal processing both face the challenge of low weight accuracy. Low precision in optical computing will cause a significant drop in the inference accuracy of neural networks, making it difficult to cope with complex computing tasks. In microwave photonic signal processing applications, weight bias can lead to an increase in the sidelobe level of the optically controlled beam or a decrease in the out-of-band rejection ratio of the microwave photonic filter.

[0003] Because the sources of weighting bias are complex, optimizing a single device or performing a one-time calibration before shipment is insufficient to fundamentally solve the accuracy limitation problem. Integrating the control, monitoring, and feedback mechanisms into a closed-loop system is one effective solution. Simultaneously, to meet the requirements of miniaturization, lightweight design, and low power consumption in practical applications, the system should be integrated on-chip. Integrating the weighting unit, monitoring unit, and feedback control unit through optoelectronic hybrid integration can significantly shorten the optical path, reduce external disturbances, and further utilize feedback algorithms to suppress biases, thereby improving the accuracy of weighted control. Therefore, developing weighted control technology based on integrated chips has significant importance and application value.

[0004] In prior art (a system and method for positive and negative weighting in the optical domain, invention patent application, application number: 202511428179.5, application date: 2025-09-30), multiple wavelength light sources are used to provide multiple optical signals. Positive / negative weighting is achieved by setting the modulator operating point in the linear region of the transmission curve with either a positive or negative slope. The modulated optical signal is independently weighted by a multi-wavelength micro-ring weighting unit, and finally received by a single-channel photodetector to filter out the DC component, extract the signed AC weighted signal, and output the real number weighted sum. However, this method relies on precise control of the modulator bias point, which is easily affected by factors such as temperature changes and power fluctuations, leading to a decrease in weighting accuracy and increasing system complexity and power consumption.

[0005] Prior technology (Zhang W, Huang C, Peng HT, et al. Silicon microringsynapses enable photonic deep learning beyond 9-bit precision[J]. Optica In [2022, 9(5): 579-584.], a low-frequency pilot signal is applied to the electro-optic modulator. The pilot signal is superimposed on the data signal and enters the system link. The output pilot signal is synchronously acquired at the system output end. The real-time weight of each channel is obtained by operating on the pre-calibrated reference matrix and the acquired output matrix. This method requires an additional pilot signal transceiver. At the same time, when the system transmits high-frequency, high-bandwidth signals, the low-frequency pilot signal cannot accurately characterize the actual transmission characteristics of the signal.

[0006] Prior technology (Liu X, Zhang W, Cheng J, et al. Single-monitor calibration for multiple microring synapses[J]. ACS Photonics In [2024, 11(6): 2570-2577.], two types of optical signals are introduced: the calculated wavelength and the monitored wavelength. The calculated wavelength is used for matrix operations, while the monitored wavelength is detected by a power meter via a microring download terminal. By pre-establishing a weight-voltage-wavelength lookup table, the microring voltage is synchronously adjusted during the control process using an algorithm to maximize the output power of the monitored wavelength, thereby ensuring that the microring weight is accurately aligned with the target value. However, this method requires an additional broadband light source to output the monitored wavelength, which places high demands on the hardware. At the same time, this scheme relies on the assumption of synchronicity between the microring resonance peak and adjacent resonance peaks. If the mapping relationship drifts due to temperature changes or other reasons, the wavelength scanning calibration needs to be performed again, which increases the complexity of practical applications. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention provides an on-chip integrated weighted control device and method for optoelectronic fusion, which effectively solves the problems of complex system structure, limited working bandwidth, and high hardware requirements in the background technology. By compensating for the deviation between the implemented weight and the monitored weight through algorithm, it meets the requirements of high-precision weighted application in optical analog signal processing.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: An optoelectronic fusion on-chip weighted control device includes an optical integrated chip and an electrical integrated chip.

[0009] The optical integrated chip includes a laser source, an electro-optic conversion unit, an optical domain weighting unit, an optical splitting unit, and a balanced photoelectric detection unit, which are connected sequentially by optical waveguides. The electrical integrated chip includes an electrical splitter and a feedback control unit, which are connected in sequence by metal wires.

[0010] The laser source and electro-optic conversion unit have the function of modulating the received signal onto the laser light wave and outputting an optical microwave signal. The optical domain weighting unit includes one input port and two output ports. The input port is connected to the output port of the electro-optical conversion unit and has the function of adjusting the amplitude of the optical microwave signal output by the electro-optical conversion unit, thereby realizing the change of the weight value from 0 to 1.

[0011] The optical splitter unit includes two input ports and four output ports. The two input ports are respectively connected to the two output ports of the optical domain weighting unit. The four output ports are divided into two groups, each containing two output ports: one group of output ports receives only a small portion of the optical power and is connected to the feedback control unit, serving as the monitoring port of the feedback control unit for monitoring the optical power of the two output ports of the optical domain weighting unit; the other group of output ports occupies the majority of the optical power and is connected to the two input ports of the balanced photodetector unit for subsequent processing of the optical microwave signal.

[0012] The balanced photoelectric detection unit has the function of photoelectric conversion and differential output of the two optical microwave signals output by the optical splitter unit. During the differential output of the two signals, the balanced photoelectric detection unit expands the weight value change range from 0 to 1 to -1 to 1.

[0013] The electrical splitter includes one input port and two output ports. The input port is connected to the output port of the balanced photodetector unit; one of the two output ports is connected to the feedback control unit for monitoring the photocurrent output by the balanced photodetector unit, and the other port outputs the weighted radio frequency signal.

[0014] The feedback control unit monitors the optical power output of the optical domain weighting unit through its monitoring port and monitors the photocurrent output of the balanced photodetector unit through its output port of the electrical splitter. It actively searches for and identifies the amplitude mismatch coefficient between the two output channels of the optical domain weighting unit using a feedback control algorithm. It adjusts the optical power of the optical domain weighting unit collected by the monitoring port of the feedback control unit through the amplitude mismatch coefficient, so that the monitored weight value is consistent with the implemented weight value, thereby compensating for the weight deviation.

[0015] A weighted control method for on-chip integration of optoelectronic fusion, using the above-mentioned device, comprises the following steps: In the first step, the radio frequency signal emitted by the laser source is modulated onto the light wave output by the laser by the electro-optic conversion unit to obtain an optical microwave signal. The optical microwave signal then enters the optical domain weighting unit, the optical splitting unit, and the balanced photodetector unit in sequence. The optical domain weighting unit splits the optical microwave signal output by the electro-optic conversion unit into two paths and adjusts the amplitude of the two signals. The two amplitude-adjusted optical microwave signals enter the optical splitting unit, and the signals output by the optical splitting unit enter the feedback control unit and the balanced photodetector unit, respectively. The feedback control unit monitors the real-time weight value of the optical domain weighting unit, and the balanced photodetector unit performs photoelectric conversion on the two optical microwave signals and outputs them differentially. The second step involves the feedback control unit adjusting the voltage applied to the optical domain weighting unit to make the weighting unit implement a weight value of 0, while simultaneously monitoring the photocurrent after the differential output of the two signals from the balanced photodetector unit.

[0016] Because the two monitoring ports of the feedback control unit do not have the same splitting ratio as the main path, and the responses of the uplink and downlink are inconsistent, there is a deviation between the monitoring weight and the implementation weight. Therefore, only a monitoring weight value of 0 can be guaranteed. Let the splitting ratios of the two monitoring ports of the feedback control unit and the main path be respectively... a , b The two output optical powers of the optical domain weighting unit are , The feedback control unit collects power through the monitoring port. P for (1) The optical power entering the two input ports of the balanced photodetector unit is respectively , ,assumed Then the monitored weight value w for (2) At this point, the monitored weight value is 0. Implement the weight value. for (3) Because the optical power entering the two input ports of the balanced photoelectric detection unit is different, the implemented weight value is not 0, resulting in a deviation between the monitoring weight and the implemented weight.

[0017] The third step involves the feedback control unit determining the proportional coefficient of the power collected by the two monitoring ports through data processing and algorithm search. β for (4) Before searching for the scaling factor, it is necessary to determine whether the factor is greater than or less than 1 based on the photocurrent output by the balanced photodetector unit. The specific steps are as follows: First, multiply the optical power collected at any monitoring port by a scaling factor greater than 1 and monitor the output photocurrent. If the photocurrent decreases, it indicates that the scaling factor is greater than 1. The feedback control unit then fine-tunes the scaling factor in steps until the photocurrent output by the balanced photodetector unit reaches its minimum. Otherwise, it indicates that the scaling factor is less than 1. The feedback control unit then multiplies the optical power collected at the same monitoring port by a scaling factor less than 1 and fine-tunes it in steps until the output photocurrent is minimized. At this point, the two output optical powers of the optical domain weighting unit are... , The feedback control unit collects power through the monitoring port. for (5) When the photocurrent is at its minimum, the upper and lower optical signals of the balanced photodetector unit coherently cancel each other out, that is... (6) At this point, the weight value is 0.

[0018] Fourth, when the weight value output by the optical domain weighting unit is 0 and the output photocurrent of the balanced photodetector unit is at its minimum, the monitoring weight collected by the feedback control unit is consistent with the implementation weight after differential output by the balanced photodetector unit through the optical domain weighting unit.

[0019] When the two output optical powers of the optical domain weighting unit are , Then implement the weight value w ’ for (7) Monitoring weight value w for (8) Combining equations (1) and (7), we can obtain (9) Fifth, when the optical domain weighting unit outputs the implemented weight value, the feedback control unit determines the monitoring weight value of the optical domain weighting unit in real time through the optical splitter unit. The adjusted monitoring weight value is consistent with the implemented weight value, and the feedback adjustment of the voltage applied to the optical domain weighting unit ensures that the implemented weight value is stable for a long time.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1) This invention is an optoelectronic fusion chip. Optoelectronic fusion integration technology leverages the advantages of photonic integration and electronic integration, breaks through the bandwidth bottleneck of traditional electronic signal processing, effectively improves bandwidth, reduces latency and power consumption, reduces system size, reduces transmission loss and electromagnetic interference, and improves system reliability.

[0021] 2) This invention ensures that the monitoring weights obtained through the optical splitting unit are consistent with the implementation weights obtained through the optical domain weighting unit and the balanced photoelectric detection unit, thereby improving the accuracy of optical analog signal processing; at the same time, it ensures the long-term stability of the implementation weight values ​​output by the optical domain weighting unit.

[0022] 3) Compared with the existing technology for improving weighted accuracy, the present invention does not require additional signal transceiver devices, and its control scheme does not require complex algorithms and redundant hardware, which greatly simplifies the structure and control complexity of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of the on-chip integrated weighted control device of the photoelectric fusion invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the control method of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of the accuracy of the system output weight values ​​before and after the adjustment method in this embodiment of the invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the long-term stability of the system output weight value of 0.45 before and after the adjustment method in this embodiment of the invention.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a graph showing the long-term stability of the system output weight value of -0.7 before and after the adjustment method in this embodiment of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0029] Figure 1This is a block diagram of an on-chip integrated weighted control device for optoelectronic fusion. The radio frequency signal is modulated onto the laser output light wave via an electro-optical conversion unit. The optically carried microwave signal sequentially enters the optical domain weighting unit, the optical splitting unit, and the balanced photodetector unit. The optical domain weighting unit splits the optically carried microwave signal output from the electro-optical conversion unit and adjusts the amplitude of the two signals. The two amplitude-adjusted optically carried microwave signals enter the optical splitting unit, and the signals output from the optical splitting unit enter the feedback control unit and the balanced photodetector unit, respectively. The feedback control unit monitors the weight values ​​of the optical domain weighting unit in real time, and the balanced photodetector unit performs photoelectric conversion on the two optically carried microwave signals and outputs them differentially.

[0030] The control flowchart of this invention is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the feedback control unit adjusts the voltage applied to the optical domain weighting unit so that the weighting unit outputs a weight value of 0, which ensures that the monitoring weight collected by the feedback control unit is 0.

[0031] The feedback control unit determines a suitable scaling factor β through data processing and algorithm search, and adjusts the output power of the two ports in the optical domain weighting unit to minimize the output photocurrent of the balanced photodetector unit.

[0032] When the output photocurrent of the balanced photodetector unit is at its minimum, the signal enters the monitoring weight of the feedback control unit through the monitoring port, which is consistent with the implemented weight after differential output from the balanced photodetector unit by the optical domain weighting unit. Through the on-chip weighting device and control method of this invention, the consistency between the monitoring weight and the implemented weight is achieved.

[0033] To verify the feasibility of this invention, the accuracy of adjusting arbitrary weight values ​​of the dual-output optical domain weighting units on both the front and rear chips was tested. Weighting accuracy was defined. for: (10) in, The implementation weight values ​​are the output of the on-chip dual-output optical domain weighting unit. The monitoring weight value of the on-chip dual-output optical domain weighting unit is |·|, where |·| represents the absolute value. Within the weight value range of [-1, 1], with a step size of 0.1, 21 weight values ​​were selected for testing: -1, -0.9, ..., 0.9, 1. The accuracy of the output weight value of the on-chip dual-output optical domain weighting unit before and after adjustment was calculated according to formula (10), and the results are as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0034] from Figure 3 As can be seen, after adopting the control method of the present invention, the minimum weighted accuracy is 8.11 bits and the average weighted accuracy is 10.35 bits, which is a significant improvement in accuracy compared with the absence of control measures.

[0035] When the optical domain weighting unit outputs a weight value, the feedback control unit determines the weight value of the optical domain weighting unit in real time through the monitoring port, judges and adjusts the voltage applied to the weighting unit to ensure that the implemented weight value is stable for a long time. To verify that the present invention can achieve long-term stability of the output weight value, the long-term stability of the system output weight value before and after using the control method of the present invention was tested. Weight values ​​of 0.45 and -0.7 were selected respectively, and the test time was 1600 seconds. The test results are as follows: Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown in the figure, without feedback control, the output weight value deviates significantly over time. The maximum deviation is 0.01491 when the output weight value is 0.45 and 0.01893 when the output weight value is -0.7. After adjustment using the present invention, the output weight value remains within a stable range. The maximum deviation is 0.00285 when the output weight value is 0.45 and 0.00284 when the output weight value is -0.7. These results demonstrate that the long-term stability of the system's output weight value is significantly improved after adjustment using the present invention.

Claims

1. A photoelectric fusion on-chip integrated weighted control device, characterized in that, The optoelectronic fusion on-chip weighted control device includes an optical integrated chip and an electrical integrated chip. The optical integrated chip includes a laser source, an electro-optic conversion unit, an optical domain weighting unit, an optical splitting unit, and a balanced photoelectric detection unit, which are connected sequentially by optical waveguides. The integrated electrical chip includes an electrical splitter and a feedback control unit, which are connected in sequence by metal wires.

2. The optoelectronic fusion on-chip integrated weighted control device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the aforementioned optical integrated chip The laser source and electro-optic conversion unit have the function of modulating the received signal onto the laser light wave and outputting an optical microwave signal. The optical domain weighting unit includes one input port and two output ports. The input port is connected to the output port of the electro-optical conversion unit and has the function of adjusting the amplitude of the optical microwave signal output by the electro-optical conversion unit, thereby realizing the change of the weight value from 0 to 1. The optical splitter unit includes two input ports and four output ports. The two input ports are respectively connected to the two output ports of the optical domain weighting unit. The four output ports are divided into two groups, each containing two output ports: one group of output ports receives only a small portion of the optical power and is connected to the feedback control unit, serving as the monitoring port of the feedback control unit for monitoring the optical power of the two output ports of the optical domain weighting unit; the other group of output ports occupies the majority of the optical power and is connected to the two input ports of the balanced photodetector unit for subsequent processing of the optical microwave signal. The balanced photoelectric detection unit has the function of photoelectric conversion and differential output of the two optical microwave signals output by the optical splitter unit. During the differential output of the two signals, the balanced photoelectric detection unit expands the weight value change range from 0 to 1 to -1 to 1.

3. The optoelectronic fusion on-chip integrated weighted control device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the aforementioned electrical integrated chip The electrical splitter includes one input port and two output ports; the input port is connected to the output port of the balanced photodetector unit; one of the two output ports is connected to the feedback control unit for monitoring the photocurrent output by the balanced photodetector unit, and the other port outputs the weighted radio frequency signal. The feedback control unit monitors the optical power output of the optical domain weighting unit through its monitoring port and monitors the photocurrent output of the balanced photodetector unit through its output port of the electrical splitter. It actively searches for and identifies the amplitude mismatch coefficient between the two output channels of the optical domain weighting unit using a feedback control algorithm. It adjusts the optical power of the optical domain weighting unit collected by the monitoring port of the feedback control unit through the amplitude mismatch coefficient, so that the monitored weight value is consistent with the implemented weight value, thereby compensating for the weight deviation.

4. A method for on-chip weighted control of optoelectronic fusion, employing the device described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: In the first step, the radio frequency signal emitted by the laser source is modulated onto the light wave output by the laser by the electro-optic conversion unit to obtain an optical microwave signal. The optical microwave signal then enters the optical domain weighting unit, the optical splitting unit, and the balanced photodetector unit in sequence. The optical domain weighting unit splits the optical microwave signal output by the electro-optic conversion unit into two paths and adjusts the amplitude of the two signals. The two amplitude-adjusted optical microwave signals enter the optical splitting unit, and the signals output by the optical splitting unit enter the feedback control unit and the balanced photodetector unit, respectively. The feedback control unit monitors the real-time weight value of the optical domain weighting unit, and the balanced photodetector unit performs photoelectric conversion on the two optical microwave signals and outputs them differentially. The second step involves adjusting the voltage applied to the optical domain weighting unit to make the weighting unit implement a weight value of 0, while simultaneously monitoring the photocurrent after the differential output of the two signals from the balanced photodetector unit. Let the two monitoring ports of the feedback control unit and the main path splitting ratio be respectively... a , b The two output optical powers of the optical domain weighting unit are , The feedback control unit collects power through the monitoring port. P for (1) The optical power entering the two input ports of the balanced photodetector unit is respectively , ,assumed The monitored weight value w for (2) At this point, the monitored weight value is 0; implement the weight value. for (3) Because the optical power entering the two input ports of the balanced photoelectric detection unit is different, the implemented weight value is not 0, resulting in a deviation between the monitoring weight and the implemented weight. The third step involves the feedback control unit determining the proportional coefficient of the power collected by the two monitoring ports through data processing and algorithm search. β for (4) Before searching for the scaling factor, it is necessary to determine whether the factor is greater than or less than 1 based on the photocurrent output by the balanced photodetector unit. The specific steps are as follows: First, multiply the optical power collected at any monitoring port by a scaling factor greater than 1 and monitor the output photocurrent. If the photocurrent decreases, it indicates that the scaling factor is greater than 1. At this time, the feedback control unit fine-tunes the scaling factor in a certain step size until the photocurrent output by the balanced photodetector unit reaches its minimum. Otherwise, it indicates that the scaling factor is less than 1. The feedback control unit multiplies the optical power collected at the same monitoring port by a scaling factor less than 1 and fine-tunes it in a certain step size until the output photocurrent is minimized. At this time, the two output optical powers of the optical domain weighting unit are... , The feedback control unit collects power through the monitoring port. for (5) When the photocurrent is at its minimum, the upper and lower optical signals of the balanced photodetector unit coherently cancel each other out, that is... (6) At this point, the weight value is 0; Fourth step: When the weight value output by the optical domain weighting unit is 0 and the output photocurrent of the balanced photodetector unit is minimum, the monitoring weight collected by the feedback control unit is consistent with the implementation weight after differential output by the balanced photodetector unit through the optical domain weighting unit. When the two output optical powers of the optical domain weighting unit are , Implement weight values for (7) Monitoring weight value w for (8) Combining equations (1) and (7), we get (9) Fifth, when the optical domain weighting unit outputs the implemented weight value, the feedback control unit determines the monitoring weight value of the optical domain weighting unit in real time through the optical splitter unit. The adjusted monitoring weight value is consistent with the implemented weight value, and the feedback adjustment of the voltage applied to the optical domain weighting unit ensures that the implemented weight value is stable for a long time.

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