An intelligent watch direct control system for an electric bicycle

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of intelligent control of electric bicycles, in particular to an intelligent watch direct control system for electric bicycles, which comprises an intelligent watch supporting only BLE Bluetooth communication, a 4G-TBOX and a VCU whole vehicle controller, the intelligent watch is connected with the 4G-TBOX through BLE Bluetooth point-to-point connection, and the 4G-TBOX is connected with the VCU through an RS485 bus. The intelligent watch generates an encrypted instruction package through a built-in unique ID and an AES-128 encryption algorithm and sends the encrypted instruction package to the 4G-TBOX, the encrypted instruction package is forwarded to the VCU for execution after decryption and verification, and the execution result is returned to the watch for display; a mobile phone authorization mode is adopted for the first time pairing, dynamic key updating and communication exception processing are supported; the application does not need a mobile phone relay, simplifies a control link, reduces delay and power consumption, improves vehicle control stability and safety, realizes one-key quick vehicle control during riding, and effectively solves the problems of dependence on a mobile phone, complicated operation and insufficient safety in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent control technology for electric bicycles, specifically an electric bicycle smartwatch direct control system. Background Technology

[0002] Electric bicycles have widely adopted features such as smart unlocking and remote control. Mainstream solutions include mobile app control, NFC card control, and anti-theft device control, with mobile app control being a major direction for smart upgrades. However, existing solutions generally suffer from complex link structures and reliance on mobile phones. Currently, existing technologies typically involve a mobile phone connecting to the vehicle's 4G-TBOX via Bluetooth or 4G, and then the 4G-TBOX forwards commands to the VCU (Vehicle Control Unit) for execution. The entire control link must pass through the mobile phone; without a mobile phone, wristwatch control is impossible.

[0003] This type of vehicle control solution, which relies on a mobile phone as an intermediary, has many drawbacks. First, it depends entirely on the mobile phone; without the phone, the watch cannot control the vehicle, greatly limiting its application scenarios. Second, the control chain involves many links, resulting in high latency and frequent disconnections, leading to a low success rate in controlling the vehicle. Furthermore, the phone needs to keep Bluetooth and the corresponding app constantly running, increasing power consumption and making operation cumbersome. Additionally, identity authentication relies on mobile phone accounts, making them vulnerable to impersonation and compromising security. Therefore, given these shortcomings, there is an urgent need to develop a smartwatch-based direct control system for electric bicycles to overcome these deficiencies in current practical applications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a smartwatch direct control system for electric bicycles to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A smartwatch direct control system for electric bicycles includes a smartwatch, a 4G-TBOX, and a VCU vehicle controller;

[0007] The smartwatch is connected to the 4G-TBOX via near-field point-to-point wireless communication, and the 4G-TBOX is connected to the VCU vehicle controller via an industrial-grade wired communication bus.

[0008] The smartwatch has a built-in unique hardware identifier, which is used to generate encrypted vehicle control commands in conjunction with the 4G-TBOX.

[0009] The 4G-TBOX is used to receive, decrypt, and verify the encrypted vehicle control command, forward the verified vehicle control command to the VCU vehicle controller, and feed back the vehicle status data transmitted by the VCU vehicle controller to the smartwatch.

[0010] The VCU vehicle controller is used to execute the vehicle control commands and collect vehicle status data to send back to the 4G-TBOX.

[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention: the smartwatch is a local processing terminal, which only has the capabilities of local data processing, near-field point-to-point wireless communication and encrypted computing, and does not have the capability of cellular network and wireless local area network access.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention: the smartwatch and the 4G-TBOX use a private encryption protocol for data interaction, employ a symmetric encryption algorithm for communication encryption, and combine a cyclic redundancy check mechanism to verify data integrity.

[0013] The smartwatch combines the plaintext vehicle control command with the unique hardware identifier to generate a data packet to be encrypted, which is then sent to the 4G-TBOX after encryption.

[0014] As a further aspect of the present invention: the system adopts a key management mechanism that combines hardware unique identifier binding with dynamic key updates;

[0015] The smartwatch's proprietary encryption key is generated by combining its unique hardware identifier with the manufacturer's root key after processing it with a hash algorithm, and it is strongly bound to the smartwatch hardware.

[0016] When the preset conditions for continuous communication are met or a communication anomaly is detected, the smartwatch and the 4G-TBOX renegotiate and generate a new exclusive encryption key through the established encryption channel, and the old key becomes invalid.

[0017] As a further aspect of the present invention: the initial trust relationship between the smartwatch and the 4G-TBOX is established using a mobile phone authorization pairing method;

[0018] The mobile phone first binds to the 4G-TBOX, then synchronizes the device information of the 4G-TBOX to the smartwatch, and the smartwatch and the 4G-TBOX automatically complete pairing and key negotiation.

[0019] As a further aspect of the present invention: the 4G-TBOX integrates a near-field wireless communication module, a wired communication interface, a 4G communication unit, and an encryption and authentication unit;

[0020] The near-field wireless communication module is in a constant state of listening to receive encrypted vehicle control commands from the smartwatch.

[0021] The encryption and authentication unit is used to decrypt instructions, verify identity, and manage keys;

[0022] The 4G communication unit is used to establish a connection with the cloud server to achieve remote monitoring and data interaction.

[0023] As a further aspect of the present invention: the vehicle control commands executed by the VCU vehicle controller include at least one of the following: vehicle start, vehicle lock, arming, disarming, electric start, lighting control, seat bucket unlocking, and power steering gear adjustment;

[0024] The vehicle status data collected by the VCU vehicle controller includes at least one of battery power, driving range, and vehicle operating status.

[0025] As a further aspect of the present invention: the system is equipped with a communication anomaly handling mechanism, including a command retransmission mechanism, a channel switching mechanism, and a timeout handling mechanism;

[0026] When communication fails, the smartwatch automatically triggers a command retransmission; after multiple consecutive communication failures, it automatically switches to a backup channel; if no response is received after a preset time, it automatically terminates the current communication and prompts the user.

[0027] As a further aspect of the present invention: the smartwatch includes a main control unit, a near-field wireless communication module, a secure storage unit, a button unit, and a prompt unit;

[0028] The main control unit is electrically connected to the near-field wireless communication module, the secure storage unit, the button unit, and the prompt unit, respectively.

[0029] The secure storage unit is used to store the unique hardware identifier, exclusive encryption key, and paired device information; the button unit is used to trigger vehicle control commands; and the prompt unit is used to display vehicle status data and issue abnormal prompts.

[0030] As a further aspect of the present invention: the encrypted vehicle control command packet sequentially includes a packet header identifier, a user identifier ID, an encrypted data length, encrypted data, a checksum, and a packet tail identifier;

[0031] The user identifier ID is consistent with the unique hardware identifier of the smartwatch, and the verification code is used to verify the integrity of the instruction packet.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0033] It enables vehicle control without a mobile phone; the pure Bluetooth watch can directly control the vehicle via 4G-TBOX without the need for a mobile phone, making it more convenient to use.

[0034] The control chain is simpler, consisting of only three nodes: smartwatch, 4G-TBOX and VCU vehicle controller. With fewer links and lower latency, the vehicle control response is faster and the stability is higher.

[0035] Lower hardware costs, smartwatches do not require a 4G module, have a simpler hardware structure, and longer battery life;

[0036] The vehicle control is more secure, using a unique ID from the watch hardware combined with 4G-TBOX local encryption verification to establish an independent encrypted control link, which is not easy to be simulated or stolen;

[0037] It improves the safety of riding operations, allowing users to control the bike quickly with one click via their watch while riding, without having to take out their phone, effectively reducing safety risks during the ride. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the overall structure of the smartwatch direct control system for electric bicycles in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware connection of the smartwatch direct control system for electric bicycles in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the control process of the smartwatch-controlled electric bicycle system in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 4 This is a block diagram of the internal hardware structure of the 4G-TBOX in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0044] Please see Figures 1-4 The present invention provides a smartwatch-based direct control system for electric bicycles, which can solve the technical problems of existing electric bicycle control systems that rely on mobile phones as intermediaries, are cumbersome to operate, have poor stability, and are not secure enough.

[0045] The system adopts a three-level control architecture of watch-TBOX-VCU, enabling a pure Bluetooth watch to directly control an electric bicycle through a vehicle-mounted 4G-TBOX without the need for a mobile phone as an intermediary. At the same time, it establishes an independent encrypted control link to improve the convenience, stability and security of vehicle control.

[0046] The system mainly consists of three core modules: a smartwatch that only supports BLE Bluetooth communication, a 4G-TBOX integrating 4G communication and encryption authentication functions, and a VCU vehicle controller that executes vehicle control commands. The three modules interact via a combination of near-field wireless communication and wired bus communication. The smartwatch and 4G-TBOX connect point-to-point via BLE Bluetooth; other near-field communication methods such as proprietary RF radio frequency can also be used, but the core remains the smartwatch's direct near-field connection to the TBOX, without altering the overall control architecture. The 4G-TBOX connects to the VCU via an industrial-grade wired bus. The 4G-TBOX also has 4G network connectivity to the cloud, while the smartwatch does not access any external network throughout the process.

[0047] In one embodiment of the present invention, the smartwatch is a pure Bluetooth watch, without cellular network or wireless local area network functions such as 4G and WiFi. It only has local data processing, BLE Bluetooth communication and encryption capabilities, and features a simple hardware structure, low power consumption, and long battery life. Its specific hardware composition and functions are as follows:

[0048] Main control MCU: The JL 7076A3 chip is used as the core control unit of the watch, responsible for instruction generation, encryption calculation, data processing and scheduling management of various peripheral modules.

[0049] BLE Bluetooth module: Integrated into the main control chip, it supports Bluetooth 5.4 BLE protocol and is used to establish near-field point-to-point communication with 4G-TBOX to realize command sending and status feedback reception.

[0050] Encryption chip: The built-in secure storage chip stores the watch's unique ID, exclusive encryption key, and paired device information. This secure storage chip is a hardware encrypted storage unit that is unerasable and unreadable, effectively preventing the illegal theft of keys and identity information.

[0051] Button unit: Equipped with 2 physical buttons, corresponding to arming / disarming and electric start functions respectively, supporting one-button triggering of control commands while riding, without needing to take out the phone.

[0052] The prompting unit includes a display unit and an audio prompting unit. The display unit is used to display information such as the battery level, range, and control status of the electric bicycle. The audio prompting unit is used to issue prompts in scenarios such as communication failure and verification anomalies.

[0053] Auxiliary function module: including Silan Microelectronics SC7A20H pedometer and SPT5113C touch IC, to realize the basic wearable functions of the watch.

[0054] In one embodiment of the present invention, the 4G-TBOX is the core relay and control unit of the system, and simultaneously undertakes four core functions: Bluetooth reception, 4G networking, command verification and forwarding, and encryption authentication. Its hardware structure is based on a 4G communication module and an encryption unit, and is connected to various functional units through multiple interfaces. The specific composition and functions are as follows:

[0055] 4G Communication Module and Encryption Unit: As the core of TBOX, it integrates 4G communication functions and AES-128 encryption algorithm library, and is responsible for 4G data interaction with the cloud, command decryption and identity verification, and key generation and management.

[0056] Power supply unit: Provides power to the entire TBOX system and controls and manages the power supply of each sub-unit through the 4G communication module and encryption unit.

[0057] BLE Bluetooth module: Connects to the core unit via UART interface, supports Bluetooth 5.4 BLE protocol, and is in a constant listening state to receive encrypted commands sent by the smartwatch and report the execution results back to the watch.

[0058] RS-485 communication circuit: Connected to the core unit via UART interface. The RS-485 bus is an industrial-grade serial communication bus with strong anti-interference capability and long transmission distance. It is suitable for stable data transmission in complex electromagnetic environments in vehicles and is used to realize instruction forwarding and status feedback between TBOX and VCU.

[0059] Satellite positioning unit: Connected to the core unit via UART interface, it provides vehicle location information to the system and supports remote positioning and anti-theft tracking functions.

[0060] Surface mount eSIM: Connects to the core unit via the USIM interface, providing cellular network authentication and access capabilities, enabling 4G networking between the TBOX and the cloud.

[0061] Voice broadcast unit: Connected to the core unit via I / O interface, it enables voice prompts for vehicle status and anti-theft alarm functions.

[0062] Accelerometer sensor unit: Communicates with the core unit via I2C interface to detect the vibration or motion state of the vehicle and trigger the anti-theft alarm function.

[0063] In one embodiment of the present invention, the VCU vehicle controller is the core of the electric bicycle's overall control. It is connected to the 4G-TBOX via an RS485 bus, and is responsible for executing the control commands forwarded by the TBOX and collecting vehicle status data to send back to the TBOX.

[0064] The VCU vehicle controller integrates an RS485 communication interface, a drive control unit, a power acquisition unit, and a mileage statistics unit. These units are electrically connected via an internal bus.

[0065] RS485 communication interface: Connects to the RS485 communication circuit of the 4G-TBOX, used to receive vehicle control commands forwarded by the TBOX, and to send vehicle status data back to the TBOX;

[0066] Drive control unit: electrically connected to RS485 communication interface, used to parse and execute control commands such as vehicle start, lock, arm, disarm and electric start; vehicle control functions can also be extended to light control, seat bucket unlocking and power steering adjustment, etc., while the control link structure and encryption mechanism remain unchanged;

[0067] Power acquisition unit: Electrically connected to the battery management system (BMS) of the electric bicycle, used to collect data such as the remaining power, voltage, and current of the battery in real time;

[0068] Mileage counting unit: Electrically connected to the motor speed sensor of the electric bicycle, used to count the vehicle's cumulative mileage and remaining range.

[0069] The aforementioned units work together to achieve the vehicle's drive control and safety protection functions.

[0070] The connections between the modules in this system strictly follow a layered architecture of "near-field wireless + wired bus" to ensure communication stability and security. The specific connection relationships are as follows:

[0071] The smartwatch and 4G-TBOX are connected point-to-point via BLE Bluetooth 5.4. The smartwatch, as the master device, actively initiates the connection, while the TBOX, as the slave device, listens continuously. All vehicle control commands and status feedback are transmitted through this Bluetooth link, and the smartwatch does not connect directly to the VCU or the cloud.

[0072] The 4G-TBOX is wired to the VCU via an RS485 bus. The RS485 bus interface can also be replaced with other industrial-grade communication interfaces such as serial port, LIN bus and CAN bus without affecting the core control logic and communication security. The TBOX forwards the verified vehicle control commands to the VCU through this bus, and the VCU sends the execution results and vehicle status data back to the TBOX through the same bus.

[0073] The 4G-TBOX connects to the cloud server via the 4G network to enable functions such as remote vehicle monitoring, firmware upgrades, and data statistics; the smartwatch does not connect to the external network at all, and only interacts with the vehicle through the TBOX.

[0074] All communication between modules uses a proprietary encryption protocol, which does not rely on the security mechanisms of public communication protocols, further enhancing the system's resistance to attacks.

[0075] In one embodiment of the present invention, in order to prevent vehicle control commands from being intercepted, tampered with, replayed or stolen, the system establishes an end-to-end encrypted communication mechanism based on a unique hardware ID and a symmetric encryption algorithm, which specifically includes three parts: encryption algorithm implementation, key management and encrypted command packet design.

[0076] 1. Encryption Algorithm Types and Implementation Methods

[0077] The smartwatch and 4G-TBOX use AES-128 symmetric encryption for communication encryption, combined with CRC8 checksum verification for data integrity. The specific implementation is as follows:

[0078] The watch has a built-in AES-128 encryption algorithm library. After the user triggers the button command, the MCU combines the plaintext command with the watch's unique ID to generate a data packet to be encrypted. After encrypting the data packet by packet using the AES-128 algorithm, it is sent to the TBOX via BLE Bluetooth.

[0079] After receiving the encrypted data packet, the TBOX calls the same AES-128 algorithm and the corresponding key to decrypt it. After successful decryption, the data packet is checked by CRC8. If the check is correct, the instruction is forwarded to the VCU for execution.

[0080] Plaintext commands are not transmitted directly in the air, which fundamentally avoids the risk of commands being intercepted, tampered with, and replayed.

[0081] 2. Key Management Mechanism

[0082] This system employs a key management mechanism of "unique hardware ID binding + factory preset + dynamic update" to ensure that the key for each watch is unique and secure in the long term, as detailed below:

[0083] The relationship between the watch's unique ID and encryption key: The watch has a built-in globally unique hardware ID, which serves as the core seed for key generation. After being processed by the preset SHA-256 hash algorithm, it is combined with the manufacturer's preset root key to generate the watch's unique AES-128 encryption key. That is, "unique ID → SHA-256 hash → combined with root key → unique encryption key", ensuring that each watch's key is unique and strongly bound to its own hardware, avoiding security risks caused by key reuse.

[0084] Key writing method: The key adopts the factory preset mode. During the watch production process, the generated exclusive encryption key is bound to the watch's unique ID through a dedicated encryption burning device and burned into the watch's built-in secure storage chip in one go. The burning process is encrypted throughout to prevent key leakage.

[0085] Key dynamic update support: The system supports automatic dynamic key updates. The update is triggered when the watch and TBOX have been communicating continuously for 30 days, or when communication abnormalities are detected (such as data tampering and continuous verification failures). The update process is automatically triggered when the watch and TBOX have been communicating continuously for 30 days, or when communication abnormalities are detected (such as data tampering and continuous verification failures). The update process is completed through an established encrypted channel. The new key is renegotiated and generated by both parties based on the original key and the watch's unique ID. The old key becomes invalid at the same time, ensuring the security of the key for long-term use.

[0086] TBOX Key Acquisition Method: TBOX has a built-in manufacturer root key and key generation algorithm that are the same as those of the watch. When the watch and TBOX establish a trust relationship for the first time, the watch transmits its unique ID to TBOX through an encrypted channel. After receiving the ID, TBOX generates a unique encryption key corresponding to the watch using the same SHA-256 hash algorithm and root key, thus completing key synchronization. In subsequent communication, both parties use the synchronized key for data encryption and decryption.

[0087] 3. Encryption instruction packet field design

[0088] The encryption instruction packet of this system contains a total of 6 fields, with a variable total length and a basic length of 27 bytes. The specific field composition is as follows:

[0089] Packet header identifier (2 bytes): Used to identify the beginning of the command packet, making it easier for the TBOX and watch to identify valid commands and filter out invalid interference data;

[0090] User ID (20 bytes): Consistent with the watch hardware's unique ID, used by TBOX to verify the legitimacy of the command source; identity authentication can also use biometric authentication methods such as fingerprint recognition and gesture recognition to replace the hardware unique ID authentication, the core is still that the watch completes identity authentication locally and then sends encrypted commands;

[0091] When fingerprint recognition authentication is used, the smartwatch also includes a fingerprint recognition module electrically connected to the main control MCU, which is used to collect user fingerprint information and perform local identity authentication; when private RF radio frequency communication is used, the near field communication module is a private RF radio frequency module, which is electrically connected to the SPI interface of the main control MCU.

[0092] Encrypted data length (2 bytes): Indicates the number of bytes of subsequent encrypted data, with a value range of 1-1024 bytes;

[0093] Encrypted data (variable bytes): The core vehicle control command content is encrypted using the AES-128 algorithm;

[0094] Checksum (1 byte): Generated by performing CRC8 checksum on "User ID + Encrypted Data Length + Encrypted Data", used to verify whether the instruction packet has been tampered with during transmission;

[0095] End-of-packet identifier (2 bytes): Used to identify the end of the instruction packet, ensuring the integrity of data transmission.

[0096] In one embodiment of the present invention, the initial trust relationship establishment (pairing) process is as follows:

[0097] The initial establishment of a trust relationship between the smartwatch and the 4G-TBOX requires active user intervention, employing a "phone authorization pairing" method that balances convenience and security. The pairing process involves key negotiation and exchange, with the specific steps as follows:

[0098] Pairing your phone with the TBOX: Users can use a dedicated mobile app or mini-program to search for nearby TBOX Bluetooth signals or scan the device QR code on the TBOX. After clicking "Pair," users can enter the initial device code pre-set by the TBOX to complete the pairing between their phone and the TBOX. Once paired successfully, the mobile app will automatically store the TBOX's Bluetooth MAC address and user identifier, and establish an encrypted communication channel between the phone and the TBOX.

[0099] Data synchronization between mobile phone and watch: The user turns on Bluetooth on both the mobile phone and the watch. The mobile app automatically searches for and connects to the watch. After successful connection, the Bluetooth MAC address of the bound TBOX and the user identifier are transmitted to the watch through an encrypted Bluetooth channel. After receiving the data, the watch stores it in the built-in secure storage chip (in the same storage area as the key and unique ID) and completes data verification.

[0100] Automatic pairing between the watch and TBOX: After the watch stores the TBOX information, it automatically starts Bluetooth search and matches the TBOX with the corresponding Bluetooth MAC address, without any additional user operation; both parties automatically initiate a connection request, and complete key negotiation and exchange based on the user identifier synchronized with the mobile phone and the preset encryption rules; after successful binding, both the watch and TBOX record each other's device information, establish a long-term trust relationship, and can subsequently achieve automatic connection and direct vehicle control.

[0101] In one embodiment of the present invention, the normal vehicle control workflow is as follows:

[0102] After the initial pairing is complete, users can control the electric bicycle with a single click via their smartwatch, without needing to use their mobile phone. The complete control process is as follows:

[0103] Users can trigger corresponding vehicle control commands by operating the physical buttons on the watch (arm / disarm button or electric start button);

[0104] The watch's MCU reads the built-in unique ID and exclusive encryption key, packages the vehicle control commands according to a preset format, and encrypts them using the AES-128 algorithm to generate an encrypted command package;

[0105] The watch sends encrypted command packets to the paired 4G-TBOX via the BLE Bluetooth module;

[0106] After receiving the encrypted command packet, the TBOX Bluetooth module transmits it to the core encryption unit, decrypts it using the corresponding key, and performs CRC8 verification and user ID validity verification on the decrypted data packet.

[0107] If the verification and validation pass, the TBOX will forward the plaintext vehicle control command to the VCU vehicle controller via the RS485 bus; if the verification or validation fails, the command packet will be discarded and a "verification failed" response will be sent to the watch.

[0108] After receiving the command, the VCU executes the corresponding control actions: when arming is triggered, the vehicle is locked and the alarm is enabled; when disarming is triggered, the vehicle is unlocked and the alarm is deactivated; when electric start is triggered, the vehicle is powered on.

[0109] While executing commands, the VCU collects data such as vehicle battery level, driving range, and control status in real time, and transmits it back to the TBOX via RS485 bus;

[0110] After encrypting the status data transmitted back by the VCU, TBOX sends it back to the watch via BLE Bluetooth;

[0111] After receiving the status data, the watch updates the battery level, mileage, and status icons on the display unit, and provides feedback on the vehicle control results through the sound prompt unit.

[0112] This process eliminates the mobile phone intermediary step, and the control link only includes three nodes: watch, TBOX, and VCU. With fewer link links and lower latency, the vehicle control response is faster and more stable. At the same time, one-click operation during riding eliminates the need to take out the phone, effectively reducing riding safety risks.

[0113] In one embodiment of the present invention, in order to cope with abnormal situations such as communication interference, data loss and instruction tampering in the complex environment of vehicle, the system is designed with a complete communication failure fault tolerance, verification failure response and timeout handling mechanism.

[0114] 1. Fault tolerance handling for communication failures

[0115] Retransmission mechanism: If the watch does not receive any response from the TBOX within a specified time after sending a command, the command will be automatically retransmitted. The retry count is 3 times, with a 1-second interval between each retry. After 3 failed retries, the watch display unit will show "Communication failed, please check device connection" and issue a prompt tone.

[0116] Channel switching mechanism: If two consecutive communication failures occur, the watch will automatically switch to a backup Bluetooth channel (the system presets three independent channels 1, 6, and 11), and then re-initiate communication, effectively avoiding interference from the same frequency band.

[0117] Anomaly recovery mechanism: After a communication failure, both the watch and the TBOX will clear the cached data of this communication and automatically attempt to re-establish the Bluetooth connection after 10 seconds to restore normal communication.

[0118] 2. Response to verification failure

[0119] When TBOX receives a command packet, if the CRC8 check fails or the user ID verification fails, it immediately discards the command packet, does not perform any operation, and sends an encrypted "verification failed" response signal to the watch.

[0120] After receiving the "verification failed" response, the watch displays "Command error, please resend" and automatically re-encrypts the command, generates a new verification code, and resends the command (only retrying once to avoid repeated invalid transmissions).

[0121] If two consecutive verifications fail, the watch determines that the command has been tampered with or the device is malfunctioning, immediately terminates the command transmission, displays "Device malfunction, please restart and try again" on the display unit, and issues an alarm tone.

[0122] 3. Timeout mechanism

[0123] Pairing Timeout: If the watch fails to pair with TBOX within 120 seconds after entering pairing mode, it will automatically exit pairing mode and the display will show "Pairing Timeout, please try again".

[0124] Command response timeout: If the watch does not receive any response from TBOX (including execution feedback, verification failure feedback, etc.) within 5 seconds after sending a command, it is determined that the response has timed out and the above communication failure retransmission mechanism is triggered.

[0125] Connection Timeout: After the watch and TBOX establish a Bluetooth connection, if there is no data transmission (command sending, status feedback, etc.) within 300 seconds, the Bluetooth connection will be automatically disconnected, the watch will enter a low-power sleep state (Bluetooth module power consumption ≤10mA), and the TBOX will resume Bluetooth listening mode; when the user triggers the watch button again or the TBOX initiates a connection request, the Bluetooth module will be automatically woken up, with a wake-up response time ≤500ms.

[0126] It should be noted that, in this invention, although the specification describes the embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This way of describing the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An electric bicycle intelligent watch direct control system, characterized in that, Including smartwatches, 4G-TBOX, and VCU vehicle controller; The smartwatch is connected to the 4G-TBOX via near-field point-to-point wireless communication, and the 4G-TBOX is connected to the VCU vehicle controller via an industrial-grade wired communication bus. The smartwatch has a built-in unique hardware identifier, which is used to generate encrypted vehicle control commands in conjunction with the 4G-TBOX. The 4G-TBOX is used to receive, decrypt, and verify the encrypted vehicle control command, forward the verified vehicle control command to the VCU vehicle controller, and feed back the vehicle status data transmitted by the VCU vehicle controller to the smartwatch. The VCU vehicle controller is used to execute the vehicle control commands and collect vehicle status data to send back to the 4G-TBOX.

2. The electric bicycle intelligent watch direct control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The smartwatch is a local processing terminal, possessing only local data processing, near-field point-to-point wireless communication, and encrypted computing capabilities, but lacks cellular network and wireless local area network access capabilities.

3. The electric bicycle intelligent watch direct control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The smartwatch and the 4G-TBOX use a private encryption protocol for data interaction, employ a symmetric encryption algorithm for communication encryption, and combine a cyclic redundancy check mechanism to verify data integrity. The smartwatch combines the plaintext vehicle control command with the unique hardware identifier to generate a data packet to be encrypted, which is then sent to the 4G-TBOX after encryption.

4. The electric bicycle smartwatch direct control system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The system employs a key management mechanism that combines hardware unique identifier binding with dynamic key updates. The smartwatch's proprietary encryption key is generated by combining its unique hardware identifier with the manufacturer's root key after processing it with a hash algorithm, and it is strongly bound to the smartwatch hardware. When the preset conditions for continuous communication are met or a communication anomaly is detected, the smartwatch and the 4G-TBOX renegotiate and generate a new exclusive encryption key through the established encryption channel, and the old key becomes invalid.

5. The electric bicycle smartwatch direct control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The initial trust relationship between the smartwatch and the 4G-TBOX is established via mobile phone authorization pairing. The mobile phone first binds to the 4G-TBOX, then synchronizes the device information of the 4G-TBOX to the smartwatch, and the smartwatch and the 4G-TBOX automatically complete pairing and key negotiation.

6. The electric bicycle smartwatch direct control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The 4G-TBOX integrates a near-field wireless communication module, a wired communication interface, a 4G communication unit, and an encryption authentication unit. The near-field wireless communication module is in a constant state of listening to receive encrypted vehicle control commands from the smartwatch. The encryption and authentication unit is used to decrypt instructions, verify identity, and manage keys; The 4G communication unit is used to establish a connection with the cloud server to achieve remote monitoring and data interaction.

7. The electric bicycle smartwatch direct control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle control commands executed by the VCU vehicle controller include at least one of the following: vehicle start, vehicle lock, arming, disarming, electric start, lighting control, seat bucket unlocking, and power steering gear adjustment. The vehicle status data collected by the VCU vehicle controller includes at least one of battery power, driving range, and vehicle operating status.

8. The electric bicycle smartwatch direct control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system is equipped with a communication anomaly handling mechanism, including a command retransmission mechanism, a channel switching mechanism, and a timeout handling mechanism; When communication fails, the smartwatch automatically triggers a command retransmission; after multiple consecutive communication failures, it automatically switches to a backup channel; if no response is received after a preset time, it automatically terminates the current communication and prompts the user.

9. The electric bicycle smartwatch direct control system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The smartwatch includes a main control unit, a near-field wireless communication module, a secure storage unit, a button unit, and a prompt unit; The main control unit is electrically connected to the near-field wireless communication module, the secure storage unit, the button unit, and the prompt unit, respectively. The secure storage unit is used to store the unique hardware identifier, exclusive encryption key, and paired device information; the button unit is used to trigger vehicle control commands; and the prompt unit is used to display vehicle status data and issue abnormal prompts.

10. The electric bicycle smartwatch direct control system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The encrypted vehicle control command packet includes, in sequence, a packet header identifier, a user identifier ID, an encrypted data length, encrypted data, a checksum, and a packet tail identifier; The user identifier ID is consistent with the unique hardware identifier of the smartwatch, and the verification code is used to verify the integrity of the instruction packet.

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