A bluetooth one-to-many data transmission method and device

Abstract

The application discloses a Bluetooth one-to-many data transmission method and device, relates to the technical field of wireless communication, and aims to solve the technical problems of unreliable key data transmission and slow recovery of disconnected links of the existing Bluetooth transmission method, and comprises the following steps: S1, a star-mesh hybrid topological structure is constructed by a Bluetooth master device and a plurality of Bluetooth slave devices, the Bluetooth master device and each Bluetooth slave device establish a communication connection, data can be mutually forwarded between each Bluetooth slave device, and the Bluetooth master device monitors the communication load of each slave device in real time and dynamically adjusts the forwarding task allocation of the slave device; S2, the Bluetooth master device collects outdoor environment parameters, adjusts the Bluetooth transmission parameters according to the environment parameters, simultaneously receives actual transmission quality data fed back by each slave device, and secondarily optimizes the transmission parameters based on the transmission quality data, so as to adapt to the complex outdoor environment. The application has the advantages of guaranteeing the reliability of data transmission.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and more specifically, to a Bluetooth one-to-many data transmission method and apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] In mountainous and forested outdoor emergency rescue scenarios, due to complex terrain, lack of communication infrastructure, and environmental interference, rescue teams need to rely on portable wireless devices (such as Bluetooth bracelets, portable vital sign monitoring terminals, and BeiDou positioning devices) to achieve data interaction between multiple devices. Among these, Bluetooth technology has become the core choice for short-range data transmission between rescue devices due to its low power consumption and low cost. However, existing Bluetooth one-to-many data transmission solutions are difficult to adapt to the special needs of this scenario and have significant technical bottlenecks.

[0003] Existing solutions mostly employ a fixed star topology, where sub-devices communicate only unidirectionally with the master device, failing to enable data forwarding between sub-devices. If a sub-device moves outside the master device's communication range or experiences a sudden disconnection, the data link associated with that device is directly interrupted, and the master device cannot quickly reconstruct the link. Furthermore, transmission parameters (such as transmit power and frequency hopping interval) are statically configured, unable to dynamically adjust according to real-time outdoor conditions (such as signal attenuation and interference intensity), easily leading to data packet loss rates exceeding 30% and transmission delays exceeding 5 seconds. More critically, emergency data (such as casualty heart rate, rescue route instructions, and danger zone warnings) lacks priority, allowing low-priority data to crowd out high-priority data transmission resources, resulting in delays or loss of critical instructions. Moreover, the master device cannot directly interact with non-Bluetooth rescue devices such as Beidou terminals and emergency broadcasts, requiring manual data format conversion, further reducing data timeliness. These combined problems result in insufficient reliability of critical data transmission during rescue operations, severely restricting rescue decision-making efficiency and increasing the survival risk for trapped personnel. Therefore, we propose a Bluetooth one-to-many data transmission method and device. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a Bluetooth one-to-many data transmission method and apparatus to solve the technical problems of unreliable key data transmission and slow link recovery in existing Bluetooth transmission methods.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a Bluetooth one-to-many data transmission method, comprising the following steps: S1. A star-mesh hybrid topology is constructed between a Bluetooth master device and multiple Bluetooth sub-devices. The Bluetooth master device establishes a communication connection with each Bluetooth sub-device, and each Bluetooth sub-device can forward data to each other. The Bluetooth master device monitors the communication load of each sub-device in real time and dynamically adjusts the forwarding task allocation of the sub-devices. S2. The Bluetooth master device collects outdoor environmental parameters and adjusts the Bluetooth transmission parameters according to the environmental parameters. At the same time, the Bluetooth master device receives the actual transmission quality data fed back by each sub-device and optimizes the transmission parameters a second time based on the transmission quality data to adapt to the complex outdoor environment. S3. The Bluetooth master device prioritizes the emergency data to be transmitted, allocates corresponding transmission time slots to different priority data according to the data priority, and high priority data can preempt the transmission time slots of low priority data. At the same time, the Bluetooth master device records the transmission history of each priority data and dynamically adjusts the time slot allocation ratio based on the historical transmission situation. S4. The Bluetooth master device integrates a multi-protocol conversion module and a multi-source data fusion verification module. It interacts with non-Bluetooth wireless devices in outdoor emergency rescue scenarios through the multi-protocol conversion module. After the data obtained from the interaction is converted into Bluetooth protocol data, it is verified by the multi-source data fusion verification module and then distributed to each Bluetooth sub-device. S5. When any Bluetooth sub-device loses connection, the Bluetooth sub-device sends a disconnection message to the Bluetooth master device before the disconnection. The Bluetooth master device triggers a topology self-healing mechanism based on the disconnection message and re-plans the communication links of the remaining sub-devices. If the disconnected Bluetooth sub-device reconnects, the Bluetooth master device resends the high-priority emergency data from the disconnection period to it, and during the resend process, it prioritizes the use of idle links of low-load sub-devices.

[0006] Preferably, in step S1, the process of the Bluetooth master device monitoring the communication load of each sub-device includes: The Bluetooth master device periodically sends load query commands to each sub-device, and each sub-device reports back the current amount of data to be forwarded, the percentage of bandwidth already used, and the remaining battery power. Based on the feedback information, the Bluetooth master device will allocate some of the forwarding tasks of the overloaded sub-devices to the neighboring sub-devices with lower loads. If all sub-devices are under high load, the Bluetooth master device temporarily reduces the forwarding frequency of low-priority data to prioritize the forwarding of high-priority data. To quantify the communication load of sub-devices, the Bluetooth master device uses a load assessment algorithm to calculate the comprehensive load value of each sub-device, as shown in the following formula: ; in, For the first The overall load value of each sub-device For the first The current amount of data to be forwarded by each sub-device The maximum amount of data to be forwarded that the sub-device supports. For the first The percentage of bandwidth already used by each sub-device For the first The current remaining power of each sub-device This represents the full battery level of the sub-device. , , These are the weighting coefficients; when When the sub-device is deemed to be overloaded, some forwarding tasks need to be allocated to [other devices]. Neighboring sub-devices, The threshold for excessive load. The threshold is for low load.

[0007] Preferably, in step S2, the actual transmission quality data fed back by the Bluetooth sub-device includes data packet loss rate, transmission delay, and data bit error rate; After the Bluetooth master device collects environmental parameters and adjusts the transmission parameters, it waits for a preset time and receives transmission quality data fed back by each sub-device. If the transmission quality data of a sub-device fails to meet the preset standard, such as a packet loss rate exceeding the preset value or a transmission delay exceeding the preset duration, the transmission parameters of that sub-device will be adjusted individually. If the packet loss rate is too high, the transmission power will be further increased or the frequency hopping interval will be shortened. If the bit error rate is too high, the data retransmission mechanism will be enabled or data check bits will be added until the transmission quality data of all sub-devices meet the preset standard. To quantify transmission quality and guide parameter adjustments, the master device uses a transmission quality scoring algorithm to calculate the quality score of each sub-device, as shown in the following formula: ; in, For the first Transmission quality rating of individual devices For the first Current data packet loss rate of each sub-device For the first Current transmission delay of each sub-device This represents the maximum allowable transmission delay. For the first Current data error rate of each sub-device , , These are the weighting coefficients; when If this occurs, transmission parameters need to be adjusted; if the packet loss rate is too high... If not up to standard, adjust the transmission power. Calculate using the following formula: ; in, The quality qualification threshold, This is the amount of transmission power adjustment. Based on the transmission power, For the first The overall load value of each sub-device is used to avoid high-load sub-devices when adjusting power, thus preventing overload.

[0008] Preferably, in step S3, the transmission history recorded by the Bluetooth master device includes the average daily transmission volume, peak transmission period, and number of transmission failures for each priority data. The process by which the Bluetooth master device dynamically adjusts the time slot allocation ratio based on the transmission history includes: if the transmission volume of a certain priority data continues to increase during a specific period, the time slot ratio of that priority data is temporarily increased during that period. If a certain priority data fails to be transmitted many times, analyze the reasons for the failure. If the failure is due to insufficient time slots, permanently increase the base time slot ratio of that priority data. After adjustment, the Bluetooth master device allocates update information to all sub-devices in the synchronization time slots to ensure that the sub-devices receive data according to the new allocation ratio; To dynamically adjust the time slot proportion of data with different priorities, the Bluetooth master device adopts a time slot allocation adjustment algorithm, as shown in the following formula: ; in, For the adjusted number The initial time slot percentage of priority data, To adjust the previous number The basic time slot percentage for priority data For the first Priority data: actual transmission volume in the current time period. For the first Historical average transmission volume of priority data For the first Priority data transmission failure rate , For adjustment coefficients; At the same time, to ensure that the sum of the proportions of all priority time slots is 1, the adjusted... Normalization is performed: ; in, To receive the first The average transmission quality score of all sub-devices for priority data. For the first The final time slot percentage of priority data.

[0009] Preferably, in step S4, the verification process of the multi-source data fusion verification module includes: The module receives Bluetooth protocol data output by the multi-protocol conversion module, and also receives similar data from each Bluetooth sub-device, including environmental data collected by other sub-devices through local sensors. The module compares the converted non-Bluetooth device data with the same type of data fed back by the sub-device. If the data deviation is within the preset allowable range, the verification is deemed to have passed. If the data deviation exceeds the preset allowable range, the multi-protocol conversion module sends a data retransmission request to the non-Bluetooth wireless device to reacquire the data and verify it again until the verification is passed. After the verification is passed, the multi-protocol conversion module adds a verification identifier to the data for the sub-device to verify it a second time after receiving it. To quantify data deviation and determine the verification result, the multi-source data fusion verification module adopts a data consistency verification algorithm, the formula of which is as follows: ; in, This represents the deviation between data from non-Bluetooth devices and similar data from sub-devices. For the first Similar data values ​​reported by multiple Bluetooth sub-devices The Bluetooth protocol data value output by the multi-protocol conversion module. The number of sub-devices that provide similar data feedback; when If the verification passes, then the verification is considered successful. Data needs to be retransmitted; number of retransmissions required. Calculate using the following formula: ; in, This is the allowable deviation threshold. For the number of data retransmissions, The maximum number of retransmissions allowed. The percentage of the current time slot representing the priority of the data to be verified indicates the importance of the data; the higher the percentage, the higher the retransmission priority. This represents the total priority level of emergency data.

[0010] Preferably, in step S4, before establishing a data interaction link between the Bluetooth master device and the non-Bluetooth wireless device, device authentication and protocol version adaptation are performed first: The Bluetooth master device sends an authentication request and its supported protocol version information to the non-Bluetooth wireless device, and the non-Bluetooth wireless device responds with its preset device identifier and supported protocol version. After the Bluetooth master device verifies the device identifier, it matches the compatible protocol versions of both parties. If there are multiple compatible versions, the version with the highest transmission efficiency is selected first. The master device then sends a pre-assigned unique interaction key, and the two parties establish an encrypted interaction link through the key. In subsequent data interaction, all data must be processed by the Bluetooth LE encryption algorithm before transmission to prevent data from being tampered with or leaked. To quantify the transmission efficiency of protocol versions and select the optimal version, the Bluetooth master device employs a protocol efficiency evaluation algorithm, as shown in the following formula: ; in, For the first Transmission efficiency of compatible protocol versions For the first The maximum transmission rate supported by each protocol version For the first Transmission delay for each protocol version For the first Resource consumption coefficient for each protocol version; choose The largest protocol version serves as the interaction protocol. Meanwhile, to ensure encryption security, the encryption key strength... The following conditions must be met: ; in, For encryption key strength, Based on the basic key strength, This refers to the deviation value in data consistency verification. This represents the maximum permissible data deviation value.

[0011] Preferably, in step S5, the triggering and execution process of the topology self-healing mechanism includes: After receiving the disconnection information, the Bluetooth master device immediately marks the disconnected sub-device and analyzes its role in the topology to determine if it is a critical forwarding node. If it is a critical forwarding node, the Bluetooth master device selects the sub-device with the strongest communication capability and lowest load from the remaining sub-devices as the new forwarding node, sends a forwarding node authorization command to the sub-device, and sends a link update command to all sub-devices that depend on the original forwarding node, notifying them to switch to the new forwarding node. If it is a normal sub-device, the Bluetooth master device directly deletes the topology record of the sub-device and adjusts the communication range of neighboring sub-devices to fill the communication blind spot left by the disconnected sub-device. To select new key forwarding nodes, the Bluetooth master device uses a forwarding node scoring algorithm, as shown in the following formula: ; in, For the first The forwarding node score of the remaining sub-devices For the first The overall load value of each sub-device For load reversal value, For the first Transmission quality rating of individual devices For the first Communication coverage capability coefficient of each sub-device , , These are the weighting coefficients; choose The largest sub-device becomes the new forwarding node, and the communication range of neighboring sub-devices is adjusted accordingly. Calculate using the following formula: ; in, Adjustment amount for communication range of neighboring sub-devices. Adjustment amount for basic communication range, This refers to the transmission efficiency of the current interactive protocol version.

[0012] Preferably, in step S5, the Bluetooth master device caches all high-priority emergency data in real time during daily transmission and records the generation time of each data item and the list of receiving sub-devices. When a disconnected Bluetooth sub-device reconnects, the sub-device first sends its disconnection period information and current device load status to the master device. The master device filters corresponding high-priority data according to the disconnection period, and at the same time queries the current load status of each sub-device. It selects sub-devices with loads below a preset threshold as auxiliary retransmission nodes, allocates some retransmission data to the auxiliary retransmission nodes, and retransmits data to the reconnected sub-devices through parallel transmission between the master device and the auxiliary retransmission nodes. After the retransmission is completed, the master device receives the data integrity verification result from the reconnected sub-device. If there is missing data, a second retransmission is performed only for the missing data. To determine the number of auxiliary resend nodes and the data allocation ratio, the master device adopts a resend resource scheduling algorithm, the formula of which is as follows: ; in, To assist in the number of nodes to be reissued, This represents the total number of currently connected sub-devices. For the first The combined load value of a normally connected sub-device. This is the sum of the reverse load values ​​for all normally connected sub-devices. Meanwhile, the amount of data allocated by the master device to each auxiliary retransmission node Calculate using the following formula: ; in, The amount of data allocated to each auxiliary resend node This represents the total amount of high-priority data that needs to be resent during the disconnection period. For the first The forwarding node score of each auxiliary resend node The sum of the forwarding node scores for all auxiliary retransmission nodes.

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, when high-priority data needs to preempt a low-priority data transmission time slot, the Bluetooth master device first sends a priority preemption flag and preemption duration estimation information to the Bluetooth slave device that is transmitting low-priority data. After receiving the identifier, the sub-device records the transmission progress of the current low-priority data, pauses the transmission and releases the currently occupied transmission time slot, and sends the time slot release completion information and data pause progress back to the master device. After the master device confirms the release of the time slot, it will transmit high-priority data through the time slot. During the transmission, it will synchronize the remaining transmission time with the sub-device in real time. After the high-priority data transmission is completed, the master device will notify the sub-device to resume the transmission of low-priority data based on the pause progress. If data loss is found after the transmission is resumed, the master device will trigger the partial retransmission mechanism of low-priority data and only retransmit the lost data. To quantify the estimated preemption duration and determine the local retransmission range, the master device employs a time-slot preemption and retransmission control algorithm, as shown in the following formula: ; in, The estimated duration for preempting time slots for high-priority data. For high-priority data to be transmitted, For high-priority data transmission rate; Meanwhile, the local retransmission range of low-priority data Calculate using the following formula: ; in, This refers to the local retransmission range for low-priority data. This represents the amount of data that was not fully transmitted when low-priority data was paused. Rate the transmission quality of this sub-device. This is the minimum threshold for transmission quality scoring.

[0014] A Bluetooth one-to-many data transmission device includes a Bluetooth master device and a Bluetooth slave device, wherein the Bluetooth master device and the Bluetooth slave device are used to apply the Bluetooth one-to-many data transmission method.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention reduces the packet loss rate and transmission delay of critical emergency data by constructing a star-mesh hybrid topology, dynamically adjusting the load, adapting the transmission parameters to the environment, and using a high-priority data time slot preemption mechanism. Furthermore, it completes topology self-healing and link reconstruction after disconnection, completely solving the core problems of unreliable data transmission and slow link recovery in existing solutions, and ensuring the real-time transmission of rescue instructions and vital signs data.

[0016] 2. This invention also enables automatic adaptation and deviation verification of non-Bluetooth device data through a multi-protocol conversion module and multi-source data fusion verification, avoiding errors or delays caused by manual data conversion, and further ensuring that rescue decisions are based on reliable data.

[0017] 3. This invention also shortens the time required to resend critical data after a disconnection by caching high-priority data on the main device, parallel retransmission by low-load sub-devices, and dynamic blind spot filling in the communication range. At the same time, it fills in the communication blind spots left by the disconnection, avoids secondary data loss due to insufficient signal coverage during the retransmission process, and further improves the transmission stability after the disconnection is restored. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To facilitate understanding of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art, the technical solution of the present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Example 1, such as Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a Bluetooth one-to-many data transmission method, comprising the following steps: S1. The Bluetooth master device and multiple Bluetooth sub-devices construct a star-mesh hybrid topology. The Bluetooth master device establishes communication connections with each Bluetooth sub-device, and each Bluetooth sub-device can forward data to each other. The Bluetooth master device monitors the communication load of each sub-device in real time and dynamically adjusts the forwarding task allocation of the sub-devices. S2. The Bluetooth master device collects outdoor environmental parameters and adjusts the Bluetooth transmission parameters according to the environmental parameters. At the same time, the Bluetooth master device receives the actual transmission quality data fed back by each sub-device and optimizes the transmission parameters again based on the transmission quality data to adapt to the complex outdoor environment. S3. The Bluetooth master device prioritizes the emergency data to be transmitted and allocates corresponding transmission time slots to different priority data according to the data priority. High priority data can preempt the transmission time slots of low priority data. At the same time, the Bluetooth master device records the transmission history of each priority data and dynamically adjusts the time slot allocation ratio based on the historical transmission situation. S4. The Bluetooth master device integrates a multi-protocol conversion module and a multi-source data fusion verification module. It interacts with non-Bluetooth wireless devices in outdoor emergency rescue scenarios through the multi-protocol conversion module. After the data obtained from the interaction is converted into Bluetooth protocol data, it is verified by the multi-source data fusion verification module and then distributed to each Bluetooth sub-device. S5. When any Bluetooth sub-device loses connection, the Bluetooth sub-device sends a disconnection message to the Bluetooth master device before the disconnection. The Bluetooth master device triggers the topology self-healing mechanism based on the disconnection message and re-plans the communication links of the remaining sub-devices. If the disconnected Bluetooth sub-device reconnects, the Bluetooth master device resends the high-priority emergency data from the disconnection period to it, and during the resend process, it prioritizes the use of idle links of low-load sub-devices.

[0021] In an embodiment of the present invention, step S1, in which the Bluetooth master device monitors the communication load of each sub-device, includes: The Bluetooth master device periodically sends load query commands to each sub-device, and each sub-device reports back the current amount of data to be forwarded, the percentage of bandwidth already used, and the remaining battery power. Based on feedback information, the Bluetooth master device will allocate some of the forwarding tasks of the sub-devices with excessive load (the amount of data to be forwarded exceeds the preset threshold or the proportion of bandwidth already occupied exceeds the preset proportion) to the neighboring sub-devices with lower load. If all sub-devices are under high load, the Bluetooth master device temporarily reduces the forwarding frequency of low-priority data to prioritize the forwarding of high-priority data. To quantify the communication load of sub-devices, the Bluetooth master device uses a load assessment algorithm to calculate the overall load value of each sub-device, as shown in the following formula: ; in, For the first The overall load value of each sub-device ranges from 0 to 1. The larger the value, the greater the current communication pressure on the sub-device, and its forwarding task needs to be adjusted first. For the first The current amount of data to be forwarded by each sub-device, that is, the total amount of data that the sub-device needs to forward to other devices but has not yet been completed, directly reflects the data processing pressure. The maximum amount of data that a sub-device can support for forwarding is determined by the sub-device's hardware performance (such as cache capacity and processor capability), and is used to... The percentage of values ​​standardized to the 0-1 range.

[0022] For the first The percentage of bandwidth currently used by each sub-device, ranging from 0 to 1, represents the proportion of the current bandwidth used relative to the maximum supported bandwidth of the sub-device, reflecting the degree of bandwidth resource scarcity. For the first The current remaining power of each sub-device directly affects its continuous working capability; the lower the remaining power, the lower the load tolerance. This is the full battery level of the sub-device, used to... The percentage of remaining electricity, standardized to the 0-1 range; , , The weighting coefficients (preset values, and) ),in The data volume to be forwarded has the greatest impact on the load, followed by bandwidth usage, and lastly, the remaining power. This aligns with the core requirement of "prioritizing data transmission" in emergency scenarios. when When the sub-device is deemed to be overloaded, some forwarding tasks need to be allocated to [other devices]. Neighboring sub-devices, The threshold for excessive load. The threshold for low load; This algorithm quantifies the overall load of sub-devices by calculating the overall load value using three core dimensions: "percentage of data to be forwarded," "percentage of bandwidth already used," and "remaining battery percentage (inverse value)," combined with weighted coefficients. Logically, it prioritizes data forwarding demand (with the highest weight for data to be forwarded), followed by bandwidth usage, and finally considers device battery power. This ensures that the load assessment reflects both current communication pressure and device battery life, avoiding misjudgments of load status based on a single dimension. This algorithm allows the Bluetooth master device to accurately identify the load differences among sub-devices, preventing data transmission delays or interruptions caused by excessive load on some sub-devices. Simultaneously, it fully utilizes the idle resources of low-load sub-devices, achieving a balanced distribution of forwarding tasks. In outdoor emergency rescue scenarios, it ensures overall communication stability when multiple sub-devices work collaboratively, preventing cascading communication failures caused by overload of a single sub-device and ensuring continuous transmission of rescue data.

[0023] In an embodiment of the present invention, in S2, the actual transmission quality data fed back by the Bluetooth sub-device includes data packet loss rate, transmission delay, and data bit error rate; After the Bluetooth master device collects environmental parameters and adjusts the transmission parameters, it waits for a preset time and receives transmission quality data from each sub-device. If the transmission quality data of a sub-device fails to meet the preset standard, such as a packet loss rate exceeding the preset value or a transmission delay exceeding the preset duration, the transmission parameters of that sub-device will be adjusted individually. If the packet loss rate is too high, the transmission power will be further increased or the frequency hopping interval will be shortened. If the bit error rate is too high, the data retransmission mechanism will be enabled or data check bits will be added until the transmission quality data of all sub-devices meet the preset standard. To quantify transmission quality and guide parameter adjustments, the master device uses a transmission quality scoring algorithm to calculate the quality score of each sub-device, as shown in the following formula: ; in, For the first The transmission quality score of each sub-device ranges from 0 to 1. The larger the value, the better the current communication quality of the sub-device and the higher the reliability of data transmission. For the first The current data packet loss rate of each sub-device, with a value range of 0-1, is the proportion of data lost during transmission to the total amount of data transmitted, which directly affects data integrity. For the first The current transmission delay of each sub-device, i.e. the time interval between data being sent from the master device to the sub-device, reflects the real-time performance of communication; This is the maximum allowable transmission delay, determined by the real-time requirements of emergency scenarios, and is used to... The percentage of latency standardized to the 0-1 range; For the first The current data bit error rate of each sub-device, ranging from 0 to 1, is the proportion of erroneous bits in the transmitted data to the total number of bits, which affects data accuracy. , , The weighting coefficients (preset values, and) This indicates that packet loss rate has the greatest impact on transmission quality, followed by transmission delay, and finally bit error rate, which meets the requirement of "data integrity takes precedence over real-time, and real-time takes precedence over error-free" in emergency scenarios. when If this occurs, transmission parameters need to be adjusted; if the packet loss rate is too high... If not up to standard, adjust the transmission power. Calculate using the following formula: ; in, This is the quality qualification threshold; This refers to the transmission power adjustment, which is the additional transmission power that the master device needs to provide to the slave device to improve signal strength and reduce packet loss rate. The base transmit power is the initial transmit power of the sub-device during normal communication, which is determined by the Bluetooth protocol standard and scenario requirements. For the first The overall load value of each sub-device is used to avoid high-load sub-devices when adjusting power to prevent overload; The algorithm consists of two parts: the first part calculates a transmission quality score based on three dimensions—packet loss rate, transmission delay percentage, and bit error rate—to quantify the current communication quality of the sub-device; the second part addresses the quality issues caused by excessively high packet loss rates by calculating the transmission power adjustment based on the sub-device's overall load, avoiding blindly increasing power and causing overload on high-load sub-devices. Logically, it prioritizes low packet loss (packet loss rate has the highest weight) while also considering transmission delay and bit error rate, and parameter adjustments must be adapted to the sub-device's load status to achieve a balance between "quality optimization" and "load protection." Through a transmission quality scoring algorithm, the master device can quickly locate sub-devices with poor communication quality, avoiding a "one-size-fits-all" approach to parameter adjustments. Combined with load power adjustment logic, it can improve communication quality while protecting high-load sub-devices from additional stress, extending equipment operating time. In complex outdoor environments (such as mountainous areas or areas with electromagnetic interference), transmission parameters can be dynamically optimized to ensure low packet loss and low latency transmission of rescue data (such as vital signs and instructions), providing reliable data support for rescue decisions.

[0024] In an embodiment of the present invention, in S3, the transmission history recorded by the Bluetooth master device includes the average daily transmission volume, peak transmission period and number of transmission failures for each priority data. The process by which a Bluetooth master device dynamically adjusts the time slot allocation ratio based on transmission history includes: if the transmission volume of a certain priority data continues to increase during a specific period, the time slot ratio of that priority data is temporarily increased during that period; If a certain priority data fails to be transmitted many times, analyze the reasons for the failure. If the failure is due to insufficient time slots, permanently increase the base time slot ratio of that priority data. After the adjustment, the Bluetooth master device synchronizes the time slot allocation update information to all sub-devices to ensure that the sub-devices receive data according to the new allocation ratio; To dynamically adjust the time slot proportion of data with different priorities, the Bluetooth master device uses a time slot allocation adjustment algorithm, as shown in the following formula: ; in, For the adjusted number The initial time slot percentage of priority data has not been normalized and reflects the proportion of time slots that priority data needs to occupy based on the transmission history. To adjust the previous number The basic time slot ratio of priority data is the initial allocation ratio preset according to the importance of data in emergency scenarios (e.g., vital signs data has the highest basic ratio). For the first The actual amount of priority data transmitted in the current time period, that is, the total amount of priority data that needs to be transmitted in this time period, reflects the current data demand; For the first The historical average transmission volume of priority data is obtained through historical data statistics and serves as a benchmark for judging whether the current transmission volume is abnormal. For the first The transmission failure rate of priority data, ranging from 0 to 1, is calculated as "number of transmission failures / total number of transmissions", reflecting the reliability of data transmission for that priority. , To adjust the coefficient (preset value, and , ), The extent to which control transmission volume deviation affects time slot adjustment The extent to which the transmission failure rate affects time slot adjustment; At the same time, to ensure that the sum of the proportions of all priority time slots is 1, the adjusted... Normalization is performed: ; in, To receive the first The average transmission quality score of all sub-devices in the priority data (taken from the transmission quality scoring algorithm). , For the number of receiving devices, (a set of receiving devices), reflecting the ability of the receiving devices to process data of this priority; For the first The final time slot percentage of the priority data is normalized to ensure that the sum of the time slot percentages of all priorities is 1, which is the actual time slot allocation ratio. The algorithm consists of two parts: the first part adjusts the initial time slot ratio of each priority data based on the "deviation between the current transmission volume and the historical average transmission volume" and the "transmission failure rate," ensuring that the time slot allocation adapts to changes in data volume and transmission reliability requirements; the second part normalizes the initially adjusted time slot ratio and, combined with the average transmission quality of the receiving equipment, allows high-quality transmission equipment to obtain more effective time slots. Logically, it prioritizes data with rapid data growth and high transmission failure rates, while improving the utilization efficiency of time slot resources and avoiding resource waste through normalization and quality correlation. This algorithm allows the master device to dynamically adapt to changes in the transmission needs of data with different priorities, avoiding the problems of "insufficient time slots for high-priority data" or "wasteful time slots for low-priority data" caused by fixed time slot allocation. Combined with the normalization processing of the average transmission quality of receiving devices, it can allocate time slot resources to devices with stronger communication capabilities, improving the overall data transmission efficiency. In emergency rescue scenarios, it can ensure that critical data such as vital signs and rescue instructions always receive sufficient time slots, while making reasonable use of auxiliary data such as resource transmission and environmental monitoring, achieving "clear distinction between primary and secondary data, and high efficiency and order" in data transmission.

[0025] In an embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, the verification process of the multi-source data fusion verification module includes: The module receives Bluetooth protocol data output by the multi-protocol conversion module, and also receives similar data from each Bluetooth sub-device, including environmental data collected by other sub-devices through local sensors. The module compares the converted non-Bluetooth device data with the same data fed back by the sub-device. If the data deviation is within the preset allowable range, the verification is deemed to have passed. If the data deviation exceeds the preset allowable range, the multi-protocol conversion module sends a data retransmission request to the non-Bluetooth wireless device to reacquire the data and verify it again until the verification is passed. After the verification is passed, the multi-protocol conversion module adds a verification mark to the data for the sub-device to verify it a second time after receiving it. To quantify data deviation and determine the verification result, the multi-source data fusion verification module adopts a data consistency verification algorithm, the formula of which is as follows: ; in, Standard deviation is the deviation between data from non-Bluetooth devices and similar data from sub-devices. It reflects the consistency of multi-source data. The smaller the value, the more consistent the data and the higher the accuracy. For the first The same type of data value returned by each Bluetooth sub-device, that is, data of the same type as that of non-Bluetooth devices collected by the sub-device through local sensors (such as ambient temperature, positioning coordinates). This refers to the Bluetooth protocol data value output by the multi-protocol conversion module, which is the Bluetooth format data after protocol conversion of data from non-Bluetooth wireless devices (such as Beidou terminals and emergency broadcasting equipment).

[0026] The number of sub-devices that can collect this type of data and successfully return the data is the number of sub-devices that can collect this type of data. The larger the number, the more reliable the deviation calculation results. when If the verification passes, then the verification is considered successful. Data needs to be retransmitted; number of retransmissions required. Calculate using the following formula: ; in, The allowable deviation threshold is determined by the accuracy requirements of the data in emergency scenarios; This refers to the number of data retransmissions, which is the number of times the master device needs to request the retransmission of data from non-Bluetooth wireless devices to ensure that the data deviation is reduced to an acceptable range. To maximize the number of retransmissions allowed and avoid infinite retransmissions due to continuous data deviation, a balance is struck between accuracy and transmission efficiency. The final time slot percentage of the priority of the data to be verified represents the importance of the data. The higher the percentage, the higher the retransmission priority. This is the total number of priority levels for emergency data, i.e., the total number of emergency data priority categories (such as level 3 and level 4) divided by the main equipment, used to calculate the total percentage of all priority time slots; The algorithm consists of two parts: the first part quantifies data deviation and judges data consistency by calculating the standard deviation between data from non-Bluetooth devices and similar data from sub-devices; the second part calculates the number of retransmissions for cases where data deviation exceeds the standard, based on the final time slot ratio of high-priority data, ensuring that retransmission resources are prioritized for critical data. Logically, it ensures data accuracy through multi-source data comparison, while the retransmission strategy is linked to priority to avoid non-critical data consuming too many retransmission resources, meeting the requirement of "prioritizing the accuracy of critical data" in emergency scenarios. Through data consistency verification algorithms, the accuracy of data from non-Bluetooth devices can be effectively identified, preventing erroneous data (such as incorrect location or false commands) from entering the Bluetooth transmission network and ensuring that rescue decisions are based on reliable data. Combined with a priority-based retransmission strategy, critical data (such as vital signs and rescue commands) receives more retransmission opportunities, while retransmission of non-critical data (such as ambient temperature and humidity) is moderately controlled, balancing data accuracy and transmission efficiency. In outdoor emergency rescue scenarios, this reduces deviations in rescue direction or decision-making errors caused by data errors, while also preventing excessive bandwidth consumption from retransmissions, ensuring smooth overall communication.

[0027] In an embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, before the Bluetooth master device establishes a data interaction link with the non-Bluetooth wireless device, device authentication and protocol version adaptation are performed first: The Bluetooth master device sends an authentication request and information about the protocol versions it supports to the non-Bluetooth wireless device, and the non-Bluetooth wireless device responds with its own preset device identifier and supported protocol versions. After the Bluetooth master device verifies the device identifier, it matches the compatible protocol versions of both parties. If multiple compatible versions exist, the version with the highest transmission efficiency is selected first. The master device then sends a pre-assigned unique interaction key, and the two parties establish an encrypted interaction link through the key. In subsequent data interaction, all data must be processed by the Bluetooth LE encryption algorithm before transmission to prevent data from being tampered with or leaked. To quantify the transmission efficiency of protocol versions and select the optimal version, the Bluetooth master device uses a protocol efficiency evaluation algorithm, as shown in the following formula: ; in, For the first The transmission efficiency of a compatible protocol version; the larger the value, the better the communication performance of that protocol version, which can reduce resource consumption while ensuring transmission speed. For the first The maximum transmission rate supported by each protocol version, that is, the highest data transmission speed that the protocol version can theoretically achieve, is specified by the protocol standard. For the first The transmission delay of a protocol version, that is, the average data transmission delay of the protocol under normal communication conditions, reflects the real-time performance; For the first The resource consumption coefficient of each protocol version represents the proportion of device hardware resources (such as processor and memory) used by the protocol during runtime. The smaller the value, the less resources are used. choose The largest protocol version serves as the interaction protocol. Meanwhile, to ensure encryption security, the encryption key strength... The following conditions must be met: ; in, The strength of the encryption key refers to the security level of the key used when the master device establishes an encrypted link with a non-Bluetooth wireless device. The higher the strength, the lower the risk of data being cracked or tampered with. This is the minimum security level for Bluetooth communication in emergency scenarios, based on the basic key strength, to ensure basic data security. This is the deviation value in data consistency verification, reflecting the accuracy of the currently transmitted data; the smaller the value, the higher the accuracy. This is the maximum permissible data deviation value, the upper limit of the maximum acceptable data deviation in emergency scenarios, used to... The percentage of deviations standardized to the 0-1 range; The algorithm consists of two parts: the first part calculates the transmission efficiency of the protocol version using "maximum transmission rate," "transmission latency," and "resource consumption coefficient," quantifying the performance differences between different protocol versions and selecting the optimal version; the second part combines the deviation value in data consistency verification to determine the encryption key strength, ensuring that the lower the data deviation (the higher the accuracy), the higher the key strength, thus guaranteeing data security. Logically, it prioritizes protocol versions with "high speed, low latency, and low resource consumption," while linking security policies with data accuracy to achieve a balance between "efficiency first and security adaptation." Through a protocol efficiency evaluation algorithm, the master device can select the optimal solution from multiple compatible protocol versions, avoiding problems such as "low speed, high latency, and resource waste" caused by improper protocol version selection, and improving the efficiency of cross-device (Bluetooth and non-Bluetooth devices) data interaction. Combined with a key strength strategy based on data deviation, it can enhance security protection in scenarios with high data accuracy, and ensure basic security in scenarios with some data deviation (requiring subsequent verification and correction), avoiding resource consumption caused by excessive encryption. In outdoor emergency rescue scenarios, it can achieve efficient collaboration between Bluetooth devices and Beidou terminals, emergency broadcasting equipment, etc., while preventing rescue data (such as the location of the injured and rescue plans) from being stolen or tampered with during cross-device transmission, ensuring the security of rescue information.

[0028] In an embodiment of the present invention, S5, the triggering and execution process of the topology self-healing mechanism includes: After receiving the disconnection information, the Bluetooth master device immediately marks the disconnected sub-device and analyzes its role in the topology to determine if it is a critical forwarding node. If it is a critical forwarding node, the Bluetooth master device selects the sub-device with the strongest communication capability and lowest load from the remaining sub-devices as the new forwarding node, sends a forwarding node authorization command to the sub-device, and sends a link update command to all sub-devices that depend on the original forwarding node, notifying them to switch to the new forwarding node. If it is an ordinary sub-device, the Bluetooth master device directly deletes the topology record of the sub-device and adjusts the communication range of neighboring sub-devices to fill the communication blind spot left by the disconnected sub-device. To select new key forwarding nodes, the Bluetooth master device uses a forwarding node scoring algorithm, as shown in the following formula: ; in, For the first The forwarding node score of the remaining sub-devices indicates that the sub-device is more suitable as a replacement node for the critical forwarding node in the disconnection, and can better balance load, transmission quality and coverage. For the first The overall load value of each sub-device This is the load inverse value. The larger the value, the lower the current load of the sub-device, and the more idle resources it has to take over the forwarding tasks of other sub-devices, thus avoiding forwarding delays caused by excessive load. For the first The transmission quality score of each sub-device is a higher value, which means better communication quality, lower packet loss rate and latency when forwarding data, and can ensure the reliability of forwarded data. For the first The communication coverage capability coefficient of each sub-device (range 0-1, preset value) is determined by the hardware performance of the sub-device (such as antenna gain, upper limit of transmission power) and the current environmental signal propagation conditions. The larger the value, the wider the spatial range that the sub-device can cover, and the larger communication blind spot left by disconnected devices. , , The weighting coefficients (preset values, and) The load of the sub-device has the greatest impact on the adaptability of the forwarding node (low load is preferred), followed by transmission quality (to ensure forwarding reliability), and finally coverage capability (to supplement blind spots). This meets the requirement of "forwarding stability takes precedence over coverage range" in emergency scenarios. choose The largest sub-device becomes the new forwarding node, and the communication range of neighboring sub-devices is adjusted accordingly. Calculate using the following formula: ; in, The adjustment amount for the communication range of neighboring sub-devices is the communication coverage radius that neighboring sub-devices need to expand or shrink. It is used to accurately fill the communication blind spots left by disconnected sub-devices and avoid resource waste caused by over-coverage or blind spot residue caused by under-coverage. The basic communication range adjustment amount is determined based on the average communication radius of the sub-devices in emergency scenarios and serves as the benchmark value for calculating the actual adjustment amount. This represents the transmission efficiency of the current interactive protocol version. A larger value indicates a higher protocol transmission rate and lower latency, allowing the sub-device to maintain stable communication over a wider coverage area. Therefore, the adjustment amount can be increased appropriately, while the adjustment amount should be decreased to avoid unstable long-distance communication due to insufficient protocol efficiency. The algorithm consists of two parts: The first part calculates the forwarding node score based on "sub-device load reversal value," "transmission quality score," and "communication coverage capability," quantifying the suitability of the remaining sub-devices as new forwarding nodes to ensure that the selected nodes can both undertake forwarding tasks and guarantee transmission reliability; The second part calculates the communication range adjustment amount of neighboring sub-devices based on the transmission efficiency of the current interaction protocol, ensuring that the adjusted coverage range matches the protocol performance and avoiding coverage blind spots caused by insufficient protocol efficiency. Logically, nodes with "low load and high-quality transmission" are prioritized to become the forwarding core, while the communication range adjustment adapts to the protocol capability, achieving synergy between "topology self-healing" and "coverage blind spot filling." Through a forwarding node scoring algorithm, the master device can quickly select the optimal replacement node from the remaining sub-devices, avoiding problems such as low forwarding efficiency and data loss caused by blind selection, and ensuring rapid recovery of forwarding capabilities after topology disconnection. Combined with communication range adjustments based on protocol efficiency, coverage patching is matched with protocol performance, avoiding both blind spots due to insufficient adjustment and communication instability due to excessive adjustment. In outdoor emergency rescue scenarios, it can handle unexpected disconnections of sub-devices (such as equipment damage or personnel movement beyond the designated range), quickly self-healing the topology and completing communication coverage, ensuring uninterrupted transmission of rescue data between multiple devices, and guaranteeing the continuous flow of rescue commands and vital sign data.

[0029] In an embodiment of the present invention, in S5, the Bluetooth master device caches all high-priority emergency data in real time during daily transmission and records the generation time of each data and the list of receiving sub-devices. When a disconnected Bluetooth sub-device reconnects, the sub-device first sends its disconnection period information and current device load status to the master device. The master device filters the corresponding high-priority data according to the disconnection period and queries the current load status of each sub-device. It selects the sub-device with a load below a preset threshold as an auxiliary retransmission node and allocates some retransmission data to the auxiliary retransmission node. Through parallel transmission between the master device and the auxiliary retransmission node, the retransmission data is sent to the reconnected sub-device. After the retransmission is completed, the master device receives the data integrity verification result from the reconnected sub-device. If there is missing data, a second retransmission will be performed only for the missing data. To determine the number of auxiliary retransmission nodes and the data allocation ratio, the master device adopts a retransmission resource scheduling algorithm, as shown in the following formula: ; in, To assist in the retransmission of data, the number of nodes (rounded down to the nearest integer) is the number of sub-devices, in addition to the master device, that participate in retransmitting data to the reconnected sub-devices. The number must be adapted to the current total amount of idle resources to avoid too few nodes causing slow retransmission and too many nodes causing coordination complexity. The total number of sub-devices currently in normal connection, that is, the total number of sub-devices that still maintain stable communication with the main device, excluding sub-devices that reconnect after being disconnected, is the basic range for screening auxiliary nodes; For the first The overall load value of each normally connected sub-device, selected only. Sub-devices participate in the calculation to ensure that the selected auxiliary nodes have enough idle resources to take over the resending task; The sum of the reverse load values ​​of all normally connected sub-devices reflects the current total amount of idle resources. The larger the sum, the more auxiliary nodes can be selected. Meanwhile, the amount of data allocated by the master device to each auxiliary retransmission node Calculate using the following formula: ; in, The amount of data allocated to each auxiliary retransmission node, i.e. the amount of retransmission data that a single auxiliary node needs to send to the reconnected sub-device, is matched with the node's forwarding capacity to ensure efficient retransmission; This is the total amount of high-priority data that needs to be resent during the disconnection period, which is the sum of all high-priority data that the reconnecting sub-device did not receive during the disconnection period. It is the basis for allocating tasks. For the first The forwarding node score of each auxiliary resend node is as follows: the higher the value, the stronger the node's forwarding capability, the more resend data it can handle, and the better the overall resend efficiency. The sum of the scores of all auxiliary retransmission nodes is used to allocate the data volume according to the score ratio, ensuring that the task allocation matches the node's capabilities and avoiding delays caused by weaker nodes bearing too many tasks. The "1" in the denominator represents the main device itself, which includes the main device in the scope of the resend task undertaker, sharing the task with the auxiliary nodes, avoiding excessive load on the auxiliary nodes, and improving the resend speed. The algorithm consists of two parts: the first part calculates the number of auxiliary retransmission nodes based on the average reverse load value of normally connected sub-devices, ensuring that the selected number of nodes is sufficient to share the retransmission task without causing resource dispersion due to too many nodes; the second part allocates the amount of retransmission data by combining the forwarding node scores of the auxiliary retransmission nodes, allowing nodes with stronger forwarding capabilities to undertake more tasks and improve the overall retransmission efficiency. Logically, it prioritizes selecting nodes with idle resources based on load, and then allocates tasks based on forwarding capabilities, achieving a balance between "resource sufficiency" and "task efficiency," avoiding excessive latency caused by retransmission from a single node. By calculating the number of auxiliary nodes, the master device can accurately determine the scale of nodes participating in retransmission, avoiding retransmission delays caused by too few nodes (such as the inability to replenish critical vital signs data in a timely manner) or large coordination overhead caused by too many nodes (such as chaotic data fragmentation and duplicate transmission). Combined with data allocation based on forwarding capabilities, retransmission tasks can be tilted towards nodes with strong capabilities, maximizing overall retransmission efficiency and shortening retransmission time. In outdoor emergency rescue scenarios, it can ensure that after a disconnected device is reconnected, critical rescue data during the disconnection period (such as missed rescue instructions and changes in the injured person's heart rate) can be quickly replenished, avoiding the impact of data loss on rescue decisions, while not affecting the normal communication tasks of auxiliary nodes, thus ensuring the stability of the overall communication system.

[0030] In an embodiment of the present invention, in S1, when a new Bluetooth sub-device is added for access, a fast pairing process and device capability assessment are adopted. The newly added sub-device sends an access request to the Bluetooth master device. The request includes the sub-device's device type information, communication capability parameters (such as maximum transmission rate, supported Bluetooth protocol version), and current battery level. After receiving the request, the master device determines whether the device of this type is a pre-set allowed rescue device. If it is allowed, it first assesses whether its communication capability meets the transmission requirements of the current topology. If it does, it sends a pre-configured fast pairing code to the sub-device. After the sub-device inputs the pairing code and passes the verification, it completes the communication connection with the master device within a preset time. At the same time, the master device assigns an initial forwarding task to it based on its communication capabilities and current load. If the communication capabilities do not meet the requirements, the master device sends capability adaptation suggestions to the slave device (such as reducing the maximum transmission rate), and the pairing is completed after the slave device makes the adjustments. To quantitatively assess whether the communication capabilities of newly added sub-devices are suitable for the current topology, the master device uses a device capability adaptation algorithm, as shown in the following formula: ; in, This is the capability adaptation coefficient, used to determine whether the communication capabilities of a newly added sub-device match the current topology requirements. Timely determination of compatibility (node ​​capabilities meet topology requirements). If the system is deemed insufficiently compatible (node ​​capabilities need to be adjusted), then the following criteria will be applied: The maximum transmission rate of the newly added sub-device is the highest data transmission speed supported by the hardware of the newly added node, which directly reflects the upper limit of the node's data transmission capacity. This represents the current overall load value of the newly added sub-device. The smaller the value, the more idle resources the newly added node currently has, and the stronger its ability to be deployed for topology communication. This represents the average maximum transmission rate of all sub-devices in the current topology, i.e., the average transmission rate of connected sub-devices, reflecting the topology's basic requirements for node transmission capabilities. This represents the average combined load value of all sub-devices in the current topology, reflecting the overall load level of the topology. The higher the average value, the higher the demand for idle resources of newly added nodes. like The master device calculates the transmission rate that the sub-devices need to adjust. : ; in, The target transmission rate that needs to be adjusted for the newly added sub-devices is that the newly added node needs to adjust its own transmission rate to this value in order to adapt to the current topology and avoid resource waste caused by excessively high rate or slowing down the topology efficiency caused by excessively low rate. The value represents the transmission efficiency of the interaction protocol used in the current topology. A higher value means that the protocol can support a higher transmission rate, and new nodes can be appropriately adjusted to a higher rate; conversely, a lower value will be adjusted to a lower rate to avoid rate mismatch caused by insufficient protocol efficiency. The maximum transmission efficiency supported by the protocol is specified by the protocol standard. It is used to standardize the actual protocol efficiency, ensure that the adjusted rate is within the range supported by the protocol, and avoid communication anomalies caused by exceeding the protocol's capabilities. The algorithm consists of two parts: the first part calculates a capability adaptation coefficient using the ratio of the new node's transmission rate to its load and the ratio of the current topology's average rate to its load, quantifying the degree of adaptation between the new node and the current topology and determining whether node capabilities need adjustment; the second part, for cases of insufficient adaptation, calculates the required transmission rate adjustment based on the efficiency of the current interaction protocol, ensuring that the adjusted node can both adapt to the topology and match the protocol performance. Logically, it prioritizes determining adaptability through quantitative comparison before making targeted capability adjustments, avoiding "blindly connecting leading to topology instability" or "over-adjusting leading to wasted node performance." Through a capability adaptation coefficient algorithm, the master device can predict the compatibility of new nodes before they are added, preventing nodes with insufficient capability from slowing down the overall topology communication efficiency or nodes with excessive capability from wasting resources. Combined with rate adjustment based on protocol efficiency, the transmission rate of new nodes can be matched with the topology protocol performance, ensuring stable participation in communication after access and preventing packet loss and latency caused by rate incompatibility. In outdoor emergency rescue scenarios, it can meet the access needs of different types of rescue equipment (such as professional rescue terminals and ordinary mobile phones), ensuring that professional equipment can perform at its high performance while allowing ordinary devices to adapt to the topology and participate in basic data transmission, thus improving the compatibility of rescue equipment and the scalability of the topology.

[0031] In an embodiment of the present invention, in S3, when a high-priority data needs to preempt a low-priority data transmission time slot, the Bluetooth master device first sends a priority preemption flag and preemption duration estimation information to the Bluetooth slave device that is transmitting low-priority data. After receiving the identifier, the sub-device records the transmission progress of the current low-priority data, pauses transmission and releases the currently occupied transmission time slot, and sends the time slot release completion information and data pause progress back to the master device. After the master device confirms the release of the time slot, it will transmit high-priority data through the time slot. During the transmission, it will synchronize the remaining transmission time with the slave device in real time. After the high-priority data transmission is completed, the master device will notify the slave device to resume the transmission of low-priority data based on the pause progress. If data loss is found after the transmission is resumed, the master device will trigger the partial retransmission mechanism of low-priority data and only retransmit the lost part of the data. To quantify the estimated preemption duration and determine the local retransmission range, the master equipment adopts a time slot preemption and retransmission control algorithm, as shown in the following formula: ; in, The estimated duration for high-priority data to preempt time slots, i.e. the length of time that low-priority data transmission needs to be paused, can be communicated to the sub-devices in advance so that they can prepare for data pauses, progress recording, etc., and avoid data chaos caused by sudden pauses. The amount of high-priority data to be transmitted is the total amount of high-priority data that needs to be transmitted urgently. The larger the amount of data, the longer the preemption time. The transmission rate for high-priority data is determined based on the Bluetooth protocol version and the real-time requirements for high-priority data in emergency scenarios. The higher the rate, the shorter the time required to preempt the same amount of data. Meanwhile, the local retransmission range of low-priority data Calculate using the following formula: ; in, The local retransmission range for low-priority data is the amount of data that needs to be retransmitted after the low-priority data transmission is paused. The smaller the range, the less resources are consumed by retransmission. This refers to the amount of low-priority data that was not fully transmitted when the low-priority data was paused. In other words, it is the amount of low-priority data that was still in the process of transmission when the sub-device received the preemption flag. This is the basis for calculating the retransmission range. The transmission quality of the sub-device is rated. The higher the value, the better the communication quality of the sub-device and the lower the probability of data loss during the transmission pause. Therefore, the retransmission range can be appropriately narrowed. Conversely, the range is expanded to ensure that lost data can be covered. The minimum threshold for transmission quality score is determined by the reliability requirements of low-priority data in emergency scenarios. It is used to ensure that the denominator is not zero and the retransmission range is a reasonable positive number, so as to avoid abnormal retransmission range due to excessively low score. The algorithm consists of two parts: the first part calculates the estimated time slot preemption duration based on the amount of high-priority data, transmission rate, and final time slot percentage, allowing sub-devices transmitting low-priority data to know the pause duration in advance, facilitating the planning of subsequent transmission recovery procedures; the second part combines the sub-device's transmission quality score to calculate the local retransmission range of low-priority data, retransmitting only the potentially lost data to avoid resource waste caused by full retransmission. Logically, it prioritizes the preemption efficiency of high-priority data while minimizing the impact on low-priority data, achieving a balance between "priority protection" and "resource conservation." By using a preemption time estimation algorithm, low-priority data transmission devices can prepare in advance, avoiding data loss and progress disruptions caused by sudden pauses, while ensuring that high-priority data can quickly seize time slots and be transmitted in a timely manner. Combined with partial retransmission for transmission quality, only potentially lost data can be retransmitted, avoiding bandwidth consumption and increased latency caused by full retransmission, minimizing the impact on low-priority data transmission. In outdoor emergency rescue scenarios, this ensures the priority transmission of critical data such as vital signs and emergency instructions, while also allowing auxiliary data such as environmental monitoring and logistical information to be efficiently restored after the preemption period ends. This achieves the communication goal of "no delay in critical data and no waste of auxiliary data," ensuring the overall efficiency and order of rescue data transmission.

[0032] Example 2: A Bluetooth one-to-many data transmission device, comprising a Bluetooth master device and a Bluetooth slave device, wherein the Bluetooth master device and the Bluetooth slave device are used to apply the Bluetooth one-to-many data transmission method.

[0033] The embodiments disclosed in this invention are preferred embodiments, but are not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can easily understand the spirit of this invention based on the above embodiments and make different extensions and variations, but as long as they do not depart from the spirit of this invention, they are all within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A Bluetooth one-to-many data transmission method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. A star-mesh hybrid topology is constructed between a Bluetooth master device and multiple Bluetooth sub-devices. The Bluetooth master device establishes a communication connection with each Bluetooth sub-device, and each Bluetooth sub-device can forward data to each other. The Bluetooth master device monitors the communication load of each sub-device in real time and dynamically adjusts the forwarding task allocation of the sub-devices. S2. The Bluetooth master device collects outdoor environmental parameters and adjusts the Bluetooth transmission parameters according to the environmental parameters. At the same time, the Bluetooth master device receives the actual transmission quality data fed back by each sub-device and optimizes the transmission parameters a second time based on the transmission quality data to adapt to the complex outdoor environment. S3. The Bluetooth master device prioritizes the emergency data to be transmitted, allocates corresponding transmission time slots to different priority data according to the data priority, and high priority data can preempt the transmission time slots of low priority data. At the same time, the Bluetooth master device records the transmission history of each priority data and dynamically adjusts the time slot allocation ratio based on the historical transmission situation. S4. The Bluetooth master device integrates a multi-protocol conversion module and a multi-source data fusion verification module. It interacts with non-Bluetooth wireless devices in outdoor emergency rescue scenarios through the multi-protocol conversion module. After the data obtained from the interaction is converted into Bluetooth protocol data, it is verified by the multi-source data fusion verification module and then distributed to each Bluetooth sub-device. S5. When any Bluetooth sub-device loses connection, the Bluetooth sub-device sends a disconnection message to the Bluetooth master device before the disconnection. The Bluetooth master device triggers a topology self-healing mechanism based on the disconnection message and re-plans the communication links of the remaining sub-devices. If the disconnected Bluetooth sub-device reconnects, the Bluetooth master device resends the high-priority emergency data from the disconnection period to it, and during the resend process, it prioritizes the use of idle links of low-load sub-devices.

2. The Bluetooth one-to-many data transmission method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the process of the Bluetooth master device monitoring the communication load of each sub-device includes: The Bluetooth master device periodically sends load query commands to each sub-device, and each sub-device reports back the current amount of data to be forwarded, the percentage of bandwidth already used, and the remaining battery power. Based on the feedback information, the Bluetooth master device will allocate some of the forwarding tasks of the overloaded sub-devices to the neighboring sub-devices with lower loads. If all sub-devices are under high load, the Bluetooth master device temporarily reduces the forwarding frequency of low-priority data to prioritize the forwarding of high-priority data. To quantify the communication load of sub-devices, the Bluetooth master device uses a load assessment algorithm to calculate the comprehensive load value of each sub-device, as shown in the following formula: ； in, For the first The overall load value of each sub-device For the first The current amount of data to be forwarded by each sub-device The maximum amount of data to be forwarded that the sub-device supports. For the first The percentage of bandwidth already used by each sub-device For the first The current remaining power of each sub-device This represents the full battery level of the sub-device. , , These are the weighting coefficients; when When the sub-device is deemed to be overloaded, some forwarding tasks need to be allocated to [other devices]. Neighboring sub-devices, The threshold for excessive load. The threshold is for low load.

3. The Bluetooth one-to-many data transmission method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the actual transmission quality data fed back by the Bluetooth sub-device includes data packet loss rate, transmission delay, and data bit error rate. After the Bluetooth master device collects environmental parameters and adjusts the transmission parameters, it waits for a preset time and receives transmission quality data fed back by each sub-device. If the transmission quality data of a sub-device fails to meet the preset standard, such as a packet loss rate exceeding the preset value or a transmission delay exceeding the preset duration, the transmission parameters of that sub-device will be adjusted individually. If the packet loss rate is too high, the transmission power will be further increased or the frequency hopping interval will be shortened. If the bit error rate is too high, the data retransmission mechanism will be enabled or data check bits will be added until the transmission quality data of all sub-devices meet the preset standard. To quantify transmission quality and guide parameter adjustments, the master device uses a transmission quality scoring algorithm to calculate the quality score of each sub-device, as shown in the following formula: ； in, For the first Transmission quality rating of individual devices For the first Current data packet loss rate of each sub-device For the first Current transmission delay of each sub-device This represents the maximum allowable transmission delay. For the first Current data error rate of each sub-device , , These are the weighting coefficients; when If this occurs, transmission parameters need to be adjusted; if the packet loss rate is too high... If not up to standard, adjust the transmission power. Calculate using the following formula: ； in, The quality qualification threshold, This is the amount of transmission power adjustment. Based on the transmission power, For the first The overall load value of each sub-device is used to avoid high-load sub-devices when adjusting power, thus preventing overload.

4. The Bluetooth one-to-many data transmission method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, the transmission history recorded by the Bluetooth master device includes the average daily transmission volume, peak transmission period, and number of transmission failures for each priority data. The process by which the Bluetooth master device dynamically adjusts the time slot allocation ratio based on the transmission history includes: if the transmission volume of a certain priority data continues to increase during a specific period, the time slot ratio of that priority data is temporarily increased during that period. If a certain priority data fails to be transmitted many times, analyze the reasons for the failure. If the failure is due to insufficient time slots, permanently increase the base time slot ratio of that priority data. After adjustment, the Bluetooth master device allocates update information to all sub-devices in the synchronization time slots to ensure that the sub-devices receive data according to the new allocation ratio; To dynamically adjust the time slot proportion of data with different priorities, the Bluetooth master device adopts a time slot allocation adjustment algorithm, as shown in the following formula: ； in, For the adjusted number The initial time slot percentage of priority data, To adjust the previous number The basic time slot percentage for priority data For the first Priority data: actual transmission volume in the current time period. For the first Historical average transmission volume of priority data For the first Priority data transmission failure rate , For adjustment coefficients; At the same time, to ensure that the sum of the proportions of all priority time slots is 1, the adjusted... Normalization is performed: ； in, To receive the first The average transmission quality score of all sub-devices for priority data. For the first The final time slot percentage of priority data.

5. The Bluetooth one-to-many data transmission method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the verification process of the multi-source data fusion verification module includes: The module receives Bluetooth protocol data output by the multi-protocol conversion module, and also receives similar data from each Bluetooth sub-device, including environmental data collected by other sub-devices through local sensors. The module compares the converted non-Bluetooth device data with the same type of data fed back by the sub-device. If the data deviation is within the preset allowable range, the verification is deemed to have passed. If the data deviation exceeds the preset allowable range, the multi-protocol conversion module sends a data retransmission request to the non-Bluetooth wireless device to reacquire the data and verify it again until the verification is passed. After the verification is passed, the multi-protocol conversion module adds a verification identifier to the data for the sub-device to verify it a second time after receiving it. To quantify data deviation and determine the verification result, the multi-source data fusion verification module adopts a data consistency verification algorithm, the formula of which is as follows: ； in, This represents the deviation between data from non-Bluetooth devices and similar data from sub-devices. For the first Similar data values ​​reported by multiple Bluetooth sub-devices The Bluetooth protocol data value output by the multi-protocol conversion module. The number of sub-devices that provide similar data feedback; when If the verification passes, then the verification is considered successful. Data needs to be retransmitted; number of retransmissions required. Calculate using the following formula: ； in, This is the allowable deviation threshold. For the number of data retransmissions, The maximum number of retransmissions allowed. The percentage of the current time slot representing the priority of the data to be verified indicates the importance of the data; the higher the percentage, the higher the retransmission priority. This represents the total priority level of emergency data.

6. The Bluetooth one-to-many data transmission method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S4, before the Bluetooth master device establishes a data interaction link with the non-Bluetooth wireless device, device authentication and protocol version adaptation are performed first: The Bluetooth master device sends an authentication request and its supported protocol version information to the non-Bluetooth wireless device, and the non-Bluetooth wireless device responds with its preset device identifier and supported protocol version. After the Bluetooth master device verifies the device identifier, it matches the compatible protocol versions of both parties. If there are multiple compatible versions, the version with the highest transmission efficiency is selected first. The master device then sends a pre-assigned unique interaction key, and the two parties establish an encrypted interaction link through the key. In subsequent data interaction, all data must be processed by the Bluetooth LE encryption algorithm before transmission to prevent data from being tampered with or leaked. To quantify the transmission efficiency of protocol versions and select the optimal version, the Bluetooth master device employs a protocol efficiency evaluation algorithm, as shown in the following formula: ； in, For the first Transmission efficiency of compatible protocol versions For the first The maximum transmission rate supported by each protocol version For the first Transmission delay for each protocol version For the first Resource consumption coefficient for each protocol version; choose The largest protocol version serves as the interaction protocol. Meanwhile, to ensure encryption security, the encryption key strength... The following conditions must be met: ； in, For encryption key strength, Based on the basic key strength, This refers to the deviation value in data consistency verification. This represents the maximum permissible data deviation value.

7. The Bluetooth one-to-many data transmission method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S5, the triggering and execution process of the topology self-healing mechanism includes: After receiving the disconnection information, the Bluetooth master device immediately marks the disconnected sub-device and analyzes its role in the topology to determine if it is a critical forwarding node. If it is a critical forwarding node, the Bluetooth master device selects the sub-device with the strongest communication capability and lowest load from the remaining sub-devices as the new forwarding node, sends a forwarding node authorization command to the sub-device, and sends a link update command to all sub-devices that depend on the original forwarding node, notifying them to switch to the new forwarding node. If it is a normal sub-device, the Bluetooth master device directly deletes the topology record of the sub-device and adjusts the communication range of neighboring sub-devices to fill the communication blind spot left by the disconnected sub-device. To select new key forwarding nodes, the Bluetooth master device uses a forwarding node scoring algorithm, as shown in the following formula: ； in, For the first The remaining sub-devices' forwarding node scores, For the first The overall load value of each sub-device For load reversal value, For the first Transmission quality rating of individual devices For the first Communication coverage capability coefficient of each sub-device , , These are the weighting coefficients; choose The largest sub-device becomes the new forwarding node, and the communication range of neighboring sub-devices is adjusted accordingly. Calculate using the following formula: ； in, Adjustment amount for communication range of neighboring sub-devices. Adjustment amount for basic communication range, This refers to the transmission efficiency of the current interactive protocol version.

8. The Bluetooth one-to-many data transmission method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In S5, the Bluetooth master device caches all high-priority emergency data in real time during daily transmission and records the generation time of each data and the list of receiving sub-devices. When a disconnected Bluetooth sub-device reconnects, the sub-device first sends its disconnection period information and current device load status to the master device. The master device filters corresponding high-priority data according to the disconnection period, and at the same time queries the current load status of each sub-device. It selects sub-devices with loads below a preset threshold as auxiliary retransmission nodes, allocates some retransmission data to the auxiliary retransmission nodes, and retransmits data to the reconnected sub-devices through parallel transmission between the master device and the auxiliary retransmission nodes. After the retransmission is completed, the master device receives the data integrity verification result from the reconnected sub-device. If there is missing data, a second retransmission is performed only for the missing data. To determine the number of auxiliary resend nodes and the data allocation ratio, the master device adopts a resend resource scheduling algorithm, the formula of which is as follows: ； in, To assist in the number of nodes to be reissued, This represents the total number of currently connected sub-devices. For the first The combined load value of a normally connected sub-device. This is the sum of the reverse load values ​​for all normally connected sub-devices. Meanwhile, the amount of data allocated by the master device to each auxiliary retransmission node Calculate using the following formula: ； in, The amount of data allocated to each auxiliary resend node This represents the total amount of high-priority data that needs to be resent during the disconnection period. For the first The forwarding node score of each auxiliary resend node The sum of the forwarding node scores for all auxiliary retransmission nodes.

9. A Bluetooth one-to-many data transmission method according to claim 4, characterized in that, In S3, when high-priority data needs to preempt the low-priority data transmission time slot, the Bluetooth master device first sends a priority preemption flag and preemption duration estimation information to the Bluetooth slave device that is transmitting low-priority data. After receiving the identifier, the sub-device records the transmission progress of the current low-priority data, pauses the transmission and releases the currently occupied transmission time slot, and sends the time slot release completion information and data pause progress back to the master device. After the master device confirms the release of the time slot, it will transmit high-priority data through the time slot. During the transmission, it will synchronize the remaining transmission time with the sub-device in real time. After the high-priority data transmission is completed, the master device will notify the sub-device to resume the transmission of low-priority data based on the pause progress. If data loss is found after the transmission is resumed, the master device will trigger the partial retransmission mechanism of low-priority data and only retransmit the lost data. To quantify the estimated preemption duration and determine the local retransmission range, the master device employs a time-slot preemption and retransmission control algorithm, as shown in the following formula: ； in, The estimated duration for preempting time slots for high-priority data. This is the amount of high-priority data to be transmitted. For high-priority data transmission rate; Meanwhile, the local retransmission range of low-priority data Calculate using the following formula: ； in, This refers to the local retransmission range for low-priority data. This represents the amount of data that was not fully transmitted when low-priority data was paused. Rate the transmission quality of this sub-device. This is the minimum threshold for transmission quality scoring.

10. A Bluetooth one-to-many data transmission device, characterized in that, It includes a Bluetooth master device and a Bluetooth sub-device, which are used to apply the Bluetooth one-to-many data transmission method as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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