A layered isolated intelligent linkage lighting indication system for mine

Abstract

The application discloses a mine layered isolation type intelligent linkage lighting indication system and belongs to the mine explosion-proof intelligent safety technical field.The technical problem to be solved by the application is how to realize complete independence of lighting and indication light, mutual non-crosstalk, synchronous and reliable work, and integration of lighting, dynamic arrow indication, pattern prompt and voice broadcast, replace multiple split devices, reduce underground device layout and operation and maintenance cost, and the technical scheme is as follows: including an ESP32-S3 master control module, a 6-way independent photoelectric isolation switch quantity input port module, a multi-mode network communication unit, a voice and display early warning unit and a power unit, the ESP32-S3 master control module is electrically connected with a layered independent lamp tube assembly, the layered independent lamp tube assembly adopts a physical layered isolation structure including a bottom main lighting area and a side edge surrounding type RGB signal indication area arranged around the bottom main lighting area, and the included angle between the side edge surrounding type RGB signal indication area and the bottom lighting area is 105-150 DEG.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of explosion-proof intelligent safety technology for mines, specifically a layered isolation intelligent linkage lighting indicator system for mines. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, mine roadway lighting technology is widely used in underground operations in China. However, existing equipment and control methods still have many technical shortcomings, making it difficult to adapt to the complex and ever-changing needs of underground working conditions. At the hardware level, traditional integrated mine luminaires lack graded dimming capabilities, only allowing for overall on / off switching of roadway lights, unable to operate with zoned power reduction as needed, resulting in consistently high energy consumption for mine lighting. Simultaneously, existing luminaires use a co-planar arrangement of white lighting and RGB indicator lights. The strong illumination continuously suppresses the colored indicator light source, easily causing light crosstalk and indicator signal failure, significantly reducing the reliability of underground signage. Furthermore, traditional luminaires lack a layered independent light control structure, failing to simultaneously fulfill both basic lighting and signal indication functions. They also lack multi-channel switch linkage interfaces and multi-mode communication capabilities, resulting in extremely poor adaptability to underground working conditions and relatively limited functionality.

[0003] At the software control level, existing mining lights use fixed control logic, supporting only a single on / off control mode. They lack an adaptive switching algorithm for daily and emergency modes, and cannot dynamically adjust light brightness and color indicator signals according to work commands. Furthermore, traditional signal indicator lights can only display fixed directional arrows and play preset voice messages, unable to adjust the direction and voice broadcast content in real time according to underground work scheduling needs. This lack of intelligence and flexibility makes it difficult to meet the requirements of modern mine safety operations and intelligent management.

[0004] Therefore, how to achieve completely independent and non-interfering lighting and indicator lights, synchronous and reliable operation, and integrate lighting, dynamic arrow indication, graphic prompts and voice broadcasts into one unit to replace multiple separate devices and reduce the deployment and maintenance costs of downhole equipment is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical objective of this invention is to provide a layered isolation intelligent linkage lighting indicator system for mining applications, in order to solve the problems of existing mining lighting indicator equipment, such as lack of graded dimming, severe light crosstalk, lack of on-site linkage interface, single communication mode, and inability to dynamically adjust display direction and broadcast voice.

[0006] The technical objective of this invention is achieved as follows: a mine-use layered isolation intelligent linkage lighting indicator system, which includes an ESP32-S3 main control module, a 6-channel independent opto-isolated switch input port module, a multi-mode network communication unit, a voice and display warning unit, and a power supply unit. The power supply unit provides power to the ESP32-S3 main control module, the 6-channel independent opto-isolated switch input port module, the multi-mode network communication unit, and the voice and display warning unit. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to 6 opto-isolated switch input interfaces via IO ports. The 6 opto-isolated switch input interfaces support high and low level triggering and can be connected to downhole PLCs, environmental sensors, gas detectors and belt conveyor controllers. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to both the multi-mode network communication unit and the voice and display warning unit. The multi-mode network communication unit features both wired and wireless communication, with all communication lines independently wired and protocol-segregated, enabling multi-data interaction including local voice and display warning unit linkage, downhole bus communication, and 4G and WIFI wireless communication. The voice and display warning unit includes an I2S audio DAC digital-to-analog converter circuit, a power amplifier circuit, and a layered independent lamp assembly. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to the layered independent lamp assembly. The system employs a physically layered isolation structure, comprising a bottom main lighting area and side-mounted RGB signal indicator areas surrounding it. The angle between the side-mounted RGB signal indicator areas and the bottom lighting area is 105-150°. The bottom lighting area is used to switch between different hardware drivers and functional modes according to different downhole scenario requirements, adapting to three types of working conditions: conventional lighting, emergency guidance, and graphic warning. The main lighting board's operating modes include adjustable lighting + simple emergency guidance mode using SK6812-RGBW matrix LEDs, adjustable brightness lighting mode using PWM pure white LEDs, or HUB12. The RG dual-color dot matrix screen features graphic and text indication modes. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to the I2S audio DAC digital-to-analog converter circuit and power amplifier circuit via the I2S interface. This allows the ESP32-S3 main control module to convert digital warning audio signals into analog human voice broadcasts, which are then synchronized with the lighting signals and dot matrix graphic and text display of the layered independent lamp tube assembly. This provides voice prompts for equipment failures, gas over-limits, personnel warnings, and disaster evacuation scenarios, compensating for the shortcomings of purely visual prompts in noisy underground environments and improving the reliability of warnings.

[0007] Preferably, the multi-mode network communication unit includes a power line carrier to RS485 communication module, a Mesh wireless module, and a USB 4G CAT1 wireless communication module; The ESP32-S3 main control module is connected to the power line carrier to RS485 communication module via a serial port. The power line carrier to RS485 communication module relies on the power supply line to multiplex data signals, eliminating the need for additional wiring and enabling device linkage and data transmission based on the power line. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to the Mesh wireless module via a serial port. The Mesh wireless self-organizing network achieves signal relay and cascading communication with the antenna through a dedicated wireless networking link, enabling synchronized lighting signals, synchronized early warnings, and linkage control of the entire roadway lighting system. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to the USB 4G CAT1 wireless communication module via a USB interface. The USB 4G CAT1 wireless communication module is connected to an external cellular communication link and equipped with a 4G antenna to enable remote data uploading of device status, environmental data, and fault information, supporting remote monitoring and remote linkage. The ESP32-S3 main control module has built-in 2.4GHz WIFI and BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) wireless links. WIFI is used for local area network data transmission, while BLE is used for short-range device pairing, parameter configuration, and local linkage.

[0008] Preferably, the layered independent lamp assembly includes a main frame, which is a frame structure with an open end, narrow at the bottom and wide at the top, consisting of two inclined and oppositely arranged long frame plates and two inclined and oppositely arranged short frame plates. Two spaced signal light transmission holes are provided in the middle of the long frame plates, and one signal light transmission hole is provided in the middle of the short frame plates. An RGB signal indicator component is provided in the signal light transmission hole. A square pad is provided at the bottom of the main frame, with a square hole in the center of the square pad. The outer edge of the square pad is connected to the long frame plate and the short frame plate respectively, and the included angle between the long frame plate and the square pad and the included angle between the short frame plate and the square pad are both 105-150°. The main lighting component is provided on the upper side of the square pad. The main lighting component includes a main lighting glass, the outer edge of which is located on a square pad and the main lighting glass is deployed in accordance with the square hole. A main lighting plate is provided on the main lighting glass. The RGB signal indicator component includes a signal light glass, which is installed at the light-transmitting hole of the signal light and one side of the signal light glass is installed on the inner side of the short frame plate or the long frame plate. The other side of the signal light glass is provided with several cascaded signal light boards, and the signal light boards are provided with signal light shields. A signal light plastic gasket is provided between the signal light glass and the short frame plate or the long frame plate.

[0009] More preferably, the main lighting board uses an SK6812-RGBW LED matrix, and the ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to the SK6812-RGBW LED matrix through the RMT IO interface. The SK6812-RGBW LED matrix is ​​used for uniform and adjustable lighting in conventional alleyways to meet the lighting needs of daily operations. At the same time, through the grouping and rendering of the SK6812-RGBW LED matrix, simple arrows and basic hazard avoidance symbols are used to realize graphical emergency guidance, taking into account both daily lighting and basic emergency prompts. or, The main lighting board uses an LED driver and pure white LED lights. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to the LED driver through the LEDC IO interface. The LED driver drives the pure white LED lights to work, realizing stepless brightness adjustment of pure white light for basic lighting. or, The main lighting board uses a HUB12 interface RG dual-color dot matrix screen. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to a 74HC245 level conversion module via GPIO port. The 74HC245 level conversion module is used to complete the 3.3V to 5V level matching and drive the HUB12 interface RG dual-color dot matrix screen to work. The HUB12 interface RG dual-color dot matrix screen is used for high-precision text, complex patterns, fault codes, and warning information visualization.

[0010] More preferably, the multi-mode control method for the bottom main lighting area is as follows: (1) Power on and start up, read the built-in hardware configuration parameters of the firmware; (2) Determine the hardware type deployed on the main lighting panel in the bottom main lighting area: ① If the main lighting board of the bottom main lighting area uses an SK6812-RGBW LED matrix, the RMT peripheral driver channel is enabled, and the LEDC pure white PWM driver and dot matrix display driver are always disabled. The ESP32-S3 main control module hardware RMT peripheral accurately outputs nanosecond-level timing waveforms to achieve high-precision grayscale dimming and independent color and light control of a single lamp. Based on the 32-bit GRBW data frame protocol, the SK6812-RGBW LED matrix is ​​driven, and the working conditions are determined: Under normal lighting conditions, the grayscale parameters of the 32-bit white light channel of all SK6812-RGBW LEDs are uniformly matched to ensure that the illumination of the entire lighting array is uniform and there is no local glare; Under emergency guidance conditions, the 32-bit RGB three-channel data of local LEDs are modified separately. While retaining the basic white light illumination, colored graphic guidance of arrows and avoidance symbols is rendered to achieve the dual superposition effect of "white light illumination + colored warning graphics", which is perfectly adapted to the combined working conditions of normal lighting and emergency visual guidance in the mine. ② If the main lighting panel of the bottom main lighting area uses pure white LED lights, then the LEDC multi-channel PWM dimming channel is enabled, and the RMT light strip driver and dot matrix screen display functions are always turned off. The focus is on driving the pure white LED lighting array. According to the working conditions of the well, the start and stop status of the equipment, and the dynamic power of the backup power supply, the output brightness is adjusted by controlling the duty cycle of the PWM output through the LEDC output to achieve low fluctuation, low power consumption, and high comfort pure white lighting output. ③ If the main lighting board in the bottom main lighting area uses a HUB12 interface RG dual-color dot matrix screen, then enable the dot matrix screen driver timing and 74HC245 level conversion module control, and keep the RMT lighting driver and LEDC constantly disabled. Driven by pure white lighting, all hardware resources are dedicated to the graphic display function. The ESP32-S3 main control module establishes a one-to-one dot matrix data caching mechanism tailored to the physical partition characteristics of the dot matrix screen hardware, and has a built-in standard Chinese character, number, symbol, and warning icon dot matrix font library. All display content is pre-frozen as standard 8-bit / 16-bit dot matrix bitmap matrix data. Based on the current equipment status, environmental detection data, and warning signals, the ESP32-S3 main control module retrieves the corresponding dot matrix data and accurately matches and sends it to the corresponding physical partition of the screen. The ESP32-S3 main control module follows the HUB12 standard industrial scanning timing sequence and works with the 74HC245 level conversion module to complete the 3.3V to 5V drive level matching, latching and scanning the dot matrix data row by row and column by column, driving the four independent hardware partitions to work synchronously: green matrix dot data corresponds to normal equipment operation, safety parameters, and general status display; red matrix dot data corresponds to equipment fault, gas over-limit, and high-risk disaster warning prompts. The SK6812-RGBW LED bead differs from the ordinary 24-bit WS2812 LED bead by adopting a 32-bit / LED fixed data frame structure. The complete data of a single LED bead contains four 8-bit bytes, and the data frame order is fixed as follows: green G (8-bit) → red R (8-bit) → blue B (8-bit) → white W (8-bit). The single-channel grayscale accuracy is 0-255 (256 levels of linear grayscale), and the four-channel combination realizes synchronous and precise control of full color + independent cool white lighting. The ESP32-S3 main control module outputs high and low level codes according to standard timing through the RMT peripheral: a wide high level and a narrow low level represent logic "1", and a wide low level and a narrow high level represent logic "0". It automatically shifts and outputs a complete 32-bit data stream, eliminating the need for the CPU to simulate waveform bit by bit, thus ensuring no deviation or jitter in the timing of multiple LED cascades. The main lighting board adopts a serial cascade transmission method. The ESP32-S3 main control module sends 32-bit control data frame by frame according to the physical order of the LEDs. After each LED latches its own 32-bit color and brightness data, it automatically forwards the subsequent frame data to the next level of LEDs, realizing independent single-point control of the entire matrix of LEDs.

[0011] Even better, the side-surround RGB signal indicator area is composed of multiple signal light boards equipped with WS2812 5050 LEDs cascaded together. All WS2812 5050 LEDs adopt a single-bus serial control method. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to the signal light board through the RMT IO interface. Each LED is independently controllable, and the color and dynamic effects of each point are programmable. The WS2812 5050 LED supports RGB three-channel 8-bit grayscale adjustment. The ESP32-S3 main control module performs frame-by-frame dot matrix rendering control of the cascaded WS2812 5050 LEDs based on communication commands and on-site conditions. By modifying the RGB grayscale values ​​of individual LEDs and the frame refresh sequence, various standardized dynamic lighting effects are achieved, as detailed below: ① Static constant light effect: The output is a single RGB color value with a fixed output. The brightness of the WS2812 5050 LED is constant and does not change. It is used to provide a fixed indication of the device's normal operation and start / stop status. ② Breathing light gradient effect: The brightness is smoothly changed by periodically increasing and decreasing the gray value, forming a soft breathing effect, which is used for general warnings and low-level reminders of personnel exceeding limits; ③ Running light effect: Each WS2812 5050 LED bead is lit, delayed, and then turned off in sequence to form a one-way light flow, which is used for dynamic indication of equipment linkage operation; ④ Reverse marquee effect: It adopts the reverse point refresh order, and the light flow is opposite to that of the regular marquee. It is used to indicate the direction of emergency evacuation and disaster avoidance routes. ⑤ Wave dynamic effect: The segmented, line-by-line refresh creates a wave-like diffusion of light and shadow, used to simulate early warning scenarios such as the diffusion of harmful gases and the spread of risks. ⑥ High-frequency flashing or alternating flashing effect: High-frequency periodic on and off or alternating switching of two colors, with strong visual impact, used for high-risk emergency early warning of equipment failure, gas over-limit and major disasters.

[0012] Even better, the surrounding RGB signal indicator areas use independent zoned light control, without relying on local attitude detection or on-site manual calibration. All directional indicators switch lighting logic by receiving external roadway direction control commands, accurately completing the safety guidance and hazard warning light output under different roadway conditions, realizing remotely controllable and standardized roadway disaster avoidance guidance functions; as detailed below: Two-way differentiated guidance control for straight roadways: The underground roadway is a straight passage structure with a single axis and two passable directions. The ESP32-S3 main control module receives the two-way zone guidance control command for the straight roadway and performs differentiated light control on the signal lights of the two long frame plates. According to the safety attributes of the two ends of the passage defined by the command, the corresponding signal lights of the long frame plates are controlled to output green safety lights and red warning lights respectively. Based on the central axis installed on the main frame, independent safety guidance is achieved in both directions on the same straight roadway. Through the output of different colored zone lights on both sides, the safety and danger status of the two directions of the straight roadway are clearly distinguished, providing on-site personnel with two-way visual disaster avoidance guidance, avoiding personnel from accidentally entering the dangerous direction, and realizing precise light control of the two-way passage status of the straight roadway. Command reception and lighting binding control: All directional lighting indication actions are triggered by external commands, without local autonomous judgment logic. The ESP32-S3 main control module receives control commands for roadway passage attributes, safety directions, and restricted areas in real time through wired or wireless communication links. After completing the command parsing, it binds and matches the corresponding safety, danger, passage, and restricted logic with the signal light boards of the two long frame boards, calls the preset constant-on directional lighting effects, and completes the output of safety guidance or danger warning lights in the corresponding directions. It is compatible with scenarios such as remote unified scheduling, dynamic changes in roadway working conditions, and multi-device network linkage, ensuring that the underground disaster avoidance direction indication is unified, standardized, accurate, and controllable.

[0013] More optimally, the multi-mode network communication unit divides all external interaction channels into four independent communication systems based on hardware interfaces, communication protocols, and functional positioning: local IO and Bluetooth configuration channels, TCP / IP network communication channels, MESH self-organizing network serial communication channels, and power line carrier RS485 Modbus communication channels. The entire system uses the local Modbus RTU Master station as the core scheduling hub, unifying data interaction standards. All data commands on external communication links are uniformly read and written through protocol conversion, command mapping, and bus scheduling, achieving a coexistence mechanism where multi-mode communication does not interfere with each other, parallel monitoring, layered processing, and orderly linkage. Specifically: (1) Power on and start, complete the initialization of IO ports, the initialization of the lights and dot matrix display peripherals of the main lighting board signal light board, and scan the entire network communication channels, read and load the local storage operating parameters, and then start all peripherals and communication modules of WIFI, BLE low power Bluetooth, USB 4G CAT1 wireless communication module, MESH wireless module, power line carrier to RS485 communication module and 6 opto-isolated switch input interfaces in sequence; (2) After initialization, it enters the resident listening state and continuously listens in parallel to the data link messages of WIFI, BLE low power Bluetooth, MESH wireless module, power line carrier to RS485 communication module and 6 opto-isolated switch input interfaces. It receives, parses and responds to control commands and status data of different channels in real time to realize layered listening and protocol isolation conversion. (3) The control commands after protocol isolation conversion are uniformly scheduled and processed through the local Modbus RTU master station to realize the lighting control on the main lighting board and signal light board and the sound control of the I2S audio DAC digital-to-analog conversion circuit and power amplifier circuit. This avoids multi-channel command conflicts, data overlay and bus preemption problems, and realizes multi-mode, all-dimensional and highly reliable communication control of the equipment in complex underground scenarios.

[0014] Ideally, the layered monitoring configuration is as follows: ① The BLE low-power Bluetooth and 6-channel opto-isolated switch input interfaces respectively adopt Bluetooth configuration channels and local IO channels for local short-range configuration and local trigger interaction. The 6-channel opto-isolated switch input interfaces collect the on-site switch status in real time through the IO port. BLE low-power Bluetooth establishes a short-range wireless connection, allowing on-site personnel to configure local parameters such as device response mode, sound and light indication strategy, warning trigger logic, and light signal correspondence rules on their mobile devices. It only affects local parameter configuration and local status collection and does not participate in remote network linkage or cloud data upload, independently completing local interactive control. Specifically, the BLE low-power Bluetooth configuration method is as follows: Bluetooth service and feature values ​​are built based on the built-in BLE Bluetooth communication protocol stack of the ESP32-S3 main control module to realize online parameter configuration. After the ESP32-S3 main control module is powered on, it automatically creates a BLE Bluetooth basic service and registers multiple sets of independent read and write feature values ​​within the service: Feature value 1: Channel selection feature, used to select the number of the 6-channel opto-isolated switch input interface; Feature value 2: RGB The system configures color features by sending the R, G, and B brightness parameters corresponding to the current channel. Feature 3: Mode storage feature, sends a confirmation storage command to solidify the channel-color binding logic into the local Flash memory. It scans and establishes a Bluetooth pairing connection with the ESP32 via a mobile device deployed with BLE Low Energy Bluetooth. The mobile device with BLE Low Energy Bluetooth provides independent configuration windows for six opto-isolated switch input interfaces, supporting the setting of the display color of the four-way RGB light strip after each channel is triggered. After editing the single-channel switch color parameters, the system sends the channel number and RGB values ​​to the ESP32-S3 main control module in a time-division manner via the BLE Low Energy Bluetooth write feature value command. The ESP32 Bluetooth task listens for feature value write events in real time, parses the received channel number and color parameters, and stores them in the memory cache. When the save button of the mobile device with BLE Low Energy Bluetooth is clicked, a storage command is sent, and the ESP32-S3 main control module writes the mapping relationship between all six opto-isolated switch input interfaces and the corresponding light colors into the on-chip Flash non-volatile storage. The system automatically reads the Flash memory during each power-on initialization. The system has a pre-stored channel-color binding table; during operation, it polls the input levels of the 6 opto-isolated switch input interfaces in real time. When any switch trigger signal is detected, it retrieves the RGB color parameters bound to the corresponding channel and drives the corresponding four-way RGB LED strip to output the corresponding color light, thus completing the visual indication of the working status. ② The WIFI and USB 4G CAT1 wireless communication modules adopt a TCP / IP network communication channel for remote cloud management. Both the WIFI and USB 4G CAT1 wireless communication modules are based on the TCP / IP protocol stack to realize network data transmission and both work in TCPClient client mode. They realize remote device communication, cloud data upload and remote command issuance through the WIFI LAN TCP link and the 4G cellular network TCP link. The WIFI and USB 4G CAT1 wireless communication modules adopt the same TCP network data interaction architecture, support dual-link redundancy backup, and ensure communication stability in complex downhole network environments. The application layer data interaction of the TCP / IP network communication channel adopts a custom general private communication protocol to complete remote status query, parameter configuration, early warning control and equipment linkage command transmission. ③ The MESH wireless module adopts a MESH self-organizing network serial communication channel for roadway equipment networking and linkage. It completes network data interaction through the original serial port messages and does not rely on the TCP / IP protocol stack. It supports multiple devices to achieve roadway cascading, signal relay, and local networking linkage through the MESH wireless module. The MESH wireless module uses a proprietary communication protocol for data frame encapsulation and parsing to achieve light signal synchronization, status synchronization, and linkage triggering between multiple devices. It is suitable for localized equipment cluster linkage control under conditions where there is no public network or local area network coverage underground. ④ The power line carrier to RS485 communication module adopts a power line carrier RS485 Modbus communication channel for industrial bus interface. The power line carrier RS485 Modbus communication channel is based on the Modbus RTU standard protocol to realize data reading and writing and equipment control. Relying on the underground power supply line and RS485 differential bus, it realizes long-distance, strong anti-interference industrial-grade data interaction, supports standard Modbus register reading, writing and batch acquisition operations, and directly connects to underground monitoring substations, bus sensors and linkage equipment, adapting to the standardized access requirements of coal mine industrial bus.

[0015] More preferably, the protocol isolation transition is as follows: ① For the Bluetooth configuration channel and the local IO channel used for the 6-channel opto-isolated switch input interface of BLE low power Bluetooth: local parameters take effect directly and the Modbus register is updated synchronously; ② For the TCP / IP network communication channel used by the WIFI and USB 4G CAT1 wireless communication modules, a bidirectional conversion mechanism between the proprietary protocol and the Modbus RTU protocol is adopted. Specifically, the proprietary protocol control commands and network linkage commands sent from the remote end are parsed and mapped to the corresponding Modbus register read and write operations; local status data, operating parameters, fault information, and the light status on the main lighting board and signal light board are packaged through registers and converted into proprietary protocol messages, which are then uploaded upwards. ③ The MESH wireless module uses a MESH self-organizing network serial communication channel with a bidirectional conversion mechanism between a proprietary protocol with networking information and the Modbus RTU protocol. Specifically, proprietary protocol control commands and networking linkage commands sent from the remote end are parsed and mapped to corresponding Modbus register read / write operations; local status data, operating parameters, fault information, and the light status on the main lighting board and signal light board are packaged into proprietary protocol messages through registers and then uploaded upwards or forwarded to networking devices. ④ The power line carrier to RS485 communication module uses a power line carrier RS485 Modbus communication channel that natively supports the Modbus RTU protocol. The Modbus RTU master station can directly initiate register reading, parameter writing, device control and status polling without secondary protocol conversion, thus realizing direct control of industrial bus devices.

[0016] The mine-use layered isolation intelligent linkage lighting indicator system of the present invention has the following advantages: (i) The present invention adopts a layered physical isolation lighting architecture to achieve complete independence and non-interference between the lighting and the indicator lights, and can work synchronously and reliably, thus solving the core defect of the failure of emergency indicators in traditional integrated lighting fixtures. (ii) The main frame of the present invention is formed by two oppositely arranged long frame plates and two oppositely arranged short frame plates enclosing and splicing together to form an overall frame structure. Through the enclosing layout of the inclined long frame plates and short frame plates, the layered isolation of the lighting light path and the indicator light path can be effectively realized, avoiding the crosstalk problem of coplanar light sources, while providing a stable installation space for the independent light control structure and the layered installation of modules. (iii) The included angle between the long frame plate and the square pad and the included angle between the short frame plate and the square pad of the present invention are both 105-150°, so that there is no interference from the white light of the bottom lighting area and there are not too many blind spots directly below the lamp. (iv) The present invention installs a signal light shield on the RGB signal indicator component to prevent the bottom main lighting board from affecting the RGB signal indicator from inside the main frame; (v) This invention breaks through the limitations of the traditional single communication mode, automatically adapts to various working conditions such as network, weak network, no network, and network outage in the mine, and has the ability to operate autonomously offline, which greatly improves the reliability of equipment in extreme environments in the mine. (vi) The present invention is based on a flexible logic configuration method of multi-channel switch quantity + PLC linkage + Bluetooth configuration, which can be adapted to the linkage of various equipment in mines and various disaster scenarios. Its versatility and portability far exceed those of traditional fixed logic lamps. (vii) Based on the ESP32 BLE Bluetooth service and multi-feature value communication architecture, this invention enables wireless online configuration of the light colors corresponding to multiple switch quantities via a mobile Bluetooth APP. It adopts a channel-specific and parameter-specific independent feature value transmission and parsing mechanism, and the configuration parameters are saved locally when the power is off. The indicator light colors corresponding to each working condition can be flexibly modified on-site without disassembling the device, which greatly improves the device adaptability and on-site debugging convenience. (viii) This invention integrates lighting, dynamic arrow indication, pattern prompts, voice warning, intelligent fault tolerance, and cluster linkage into one unit, replacing multiple sets of separate equipment and significantly reducing the deployment and maintenance costs of downhole equipment.

[0017] Therefore, this invention has the characteristics of reasonable design, simple structure, easy processing, small size, convenient use, and multiple uses, and thus has great value for promotion and use. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Appendix Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a layered, isolated, intelligent, interconnected lighting indicator system for mining applications; Appendix Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a layered, isolated lighting indicator device for mining applications; Appendix Figure 3 A three-dimensional structural diagram of a layered, isolated lighting indicator device for mining applications; Appendix Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure after the main frame and main lighting components are assembled; Appendix Figure 5 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the RGB signal indicator component; Appendix Figure 6 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the RGB signal indicator component from another angle; Appendix Figure 7 A flowchart illustrating the working process of a multi-mode network communication unit; Appendix Figure 8 A flowchart of the control method for the side-surround RGB signal indicator area light signal display; Appendix Figure 9 This is a flowchart of the multi-mode control method for the bottom main lighting area.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Main frame, 2. Long frame plate, 3. Short frame plate, 4. Signal light light-transmitting hole, 5. RGB signal indicator component, 6. Square pad, 7. Square hole, 8. Main lighting component, 9. Main lighting glass, 10. Main lighting plate, 11. Signal light glass, 12. Signal light plate, 13. Signal light shield, 14. Signal light plastic gasket. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The following detailed description of a mine-use layered isolation intelligent linkage lighting indicator system, with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, is provided in the specification.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. Example

[0024] As attached Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a mine-use layered isolation intelligent linkage lighting indicator system. Its structure includes an ESP32-S3 main control module, a 6-channel independent opto-isolated switch input port module, a multi-mode network communication unit, a voice and display warning unit, and a power supply unit. The power supply unit provides power to the ESP32-S3 main control module, the 6-channel independent opto-isolated switch input port module, the multi-mode network communication unit, and the voice and display warning unit. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to 6 opto-isolated switch input interfaces via IO ports. The 6 opto-isolated switch input interfaces support high and low level triggering and can be connected to downhole PLCs, environmental sensors, gas detectors and belt conveyor controllers. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to both the multi-mode network communication unit and the voice and display warning unit. The multi-mode network communication unit features both wired and wireless communication, with all communication lines independently wired and protocol-segregated, enabling multi-data interaction including local voice and display warning unit linkage, downhole bus communication, and 4G and WIFI wireless communication. The voice and display warning unit includes an I2S audio DAC digital-to-analog converter circuit, a power amplifier circuit, and a layered independent lamp assembly. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to the layered independent lamp assembly. The system employs a physically layered isolation structure, comprising a bottom main lighting area and side-mounted RGB signal indicator areas surrounding it. The angle between the side-mounted RGB signal indicator areas and the bottom lighting area is 105-150°. The bottom lighting area is used to switch between different hardware drivers and functional modes according to different downhole scenario requirements, adapting to three types of working conditions: conventional lighting, emergency guidance, and graphic warning. The main lighting board's operating modes include adjustable lighting + simple emergency guidance mode using SK6812-RGBW matrix LEDs, adjustable brightness lighting mode using PWM pure white LEDs, or HUB12. The RG dual-color dot matrix screen features graphic and text indication modes. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to the I2S audio DAC digital-to-analog converter circuit and power amplifier circuit via the I2S interface. This allows the ESP32-S3 main control module to convert digital warning audio signals into analog human voice broadcasts, which are then synchronized with the lighting signals and dot matrix graphic and text display of the layered independent lamp tube components. This provides voice prompts for equipment failures, gas over-limits, personnel warnings, and disaster evacuation scenarios, compensating for the shortcomings of purely visual prompts in noisy underground environments and improving the reliability of warnings. It can dynamically broadcast disaster types, evacuation directions, and equipment failure information, forming a multi-dimensional warning system in conjunction with light patterns.

[0025] The power supply unit in this embodiment provides tiered, regulated, and dual-backup power to all modules of the entire machine. It includes AC main power supply, lithium battery backup power supply, and multi-stage voltage conversion circuits, enabling seamless switching between normal operation under mains power and emergency power-off backup. The details are as follows: ①AC 85-264V: The device has a wide AC input voltage (Alternating Current), which is compatible with the common AC power supply voltage in coal mines and is compatible with voltage fluctuation conditions.

[0026] ②AC-DC Module: AC to DC power supply unit, which stably converts the input AC voltage to 12V DC voltage as the main power supply bus for the device.

[0027] ③ Series lithium battery pack: 12V backup energy storage power supply, 3 lithium batteries in series structure, automatically switches on after mains power failure, providing emergency power for the equipment, ensuring normal operation of early warning, lighting and escape indication functions in disaster and power outage scenarios.

[0028] ④ Lithium battery charging and discharging integrated management module: Built-in BMS (Battery Management System), the line connects to the AC-DC output terminal and the lithium battery pack to realize charging balance, overcharge, over-discharge, short circuit and overcurrent protection, and at the same time complete the automatic switching of the mains power / battery power supply line.

[0029] ⑤ DC-DC step-down module: The circuit draws from the 12V main power supply bus, stepping down the 12V voltage to 5V and 3.3V in stages, specifically powering the ESP32-S3 main control, communication module, signal circuit, and control circuit. The 5V power supply powers the USB 4G CAT1 module, WS2812 LED strip, SK6812RGBW matrix LED board, and HUB12 dot matrix screen; the 3.3V power supply powers the power line carrier to RS485 module, MESH wireless module, and ESP32S3 main control module. ⑥ 12V direct supply branch line: directly drawn from the 12V main power supply without step-down conversion, to power high-power peripherals, including voice amplifiers and LED driver units, ensuring stable operation of high-power loads.

[0030] The multimode network communication unit in this embodiment includes a power line carrier to RS485 communication module, a Mesh wireless module, and a USB 4G CAT1 wireless communication module; The ESP32-S3 main control module is connected to the power line carrier to RS485 communication module via a serial port. The power line carrier to RS485 communication module relies on the power supply line to multiplex data signals, eliminating the need for additional wiring and enabling device linkage and data transmission based on the power line. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to the Mesh wireless module via a serial port. The Mesh wireless self-organizing network achieves signal relay and cascading communication with the antenna through a dedicated wireless networking link, enabling synchronized lighting signals, synchronized early warnings, and linkage control of the entire roadway lighting system. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to the USB 4G CAT1 wireless communication module via a USB interface. The USB 4G CAT1 wireless communication module is connected to an external cellular communication link and equipped with a 4G antenna to enable remote data uploading of device status, environmental data, and fault information, supporting remote monitoring and remote linkage. The ESP32-S3 main control module has built-in 2.4GHz WIFI and BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) wireless links. WIFI is used for local area network data transmission, while BLE is used for short-range device pairing, parameter configuration, and local linkage.

[0031] As attached Figure 2 and 3As shown, the layered independent lamp assembly in this embodiment includes a main frame 1, the cross-section of which is trapezoidal. The main frame 1 is a frame structure with an open end, narrow at the bottom and wide at the top, consisting of two inclined and oppositely arranged long frame plates 2 and two inclined and oppositely arranged short frame plates 3. Two spaced signal light transmission holes 4 are opened in the middle of the long frame plate 2, and one signal light transmission hole 4 is opened in the middle of the short frame plate 3. An RGB signal indicator component 5 is installed in the signal light transmission hole 4. A square pad 6 is provided at the bottom of the main frame 1. A square hole 7 is opened in the center of the square pad 6. The outer edge of the square pad 6 is connected to the long frame plate 2 and the short frame plate 3 respectively. The included angle between the long frame plate 2 and the square pad 6 and the included angle between the short frame plate 3 and the square pad 6 are both 105-150°, preferably 120°. A main lighting component 8 is installed on the upper side of the square pad 6. The main frame 1 is a sheet metal bending part.

[0032] In this embodiment, the included angle between the long frame plate 2 and the square pad 6, as well as the included angle between the short frame plate 3 and the square pad 6, are both 105-150°, which has the following advantages: ① Avoid white light crosstalk and ensure the visibility of warning colors: Relying on the spatial angle to form a natural light-blocking angle, the high-brightness main lighting white light at the bottom is blocked from direct and diffuse reflection to the side RGB indicator panel, avoiding the red / green / yellow warning colors from turning white and color deviation. Even in underground coal dust and water mist environments, the light signals can still be saturated and clearly distinguishable. ② Complies with coal mining industry standards, controls glare and improves visual efficiency underground: It conforms to the core principle of "high-brightness lighting sources shall not interfere with low-brightness warning sources" in MT / T 1248-2025 "Code for Design of Underground Lighting in Coal Mines", increases the distance between the light fields of primary and secondary light sources, reduces the superposition of glare from composite light sources, and meets the visual needs of miners working underground for long periods of time. ③ Matching general optical engineering standards, double shielding is more reliable: It meets the general design standard of ≤150° minimum shielding angle for high and low brightness composite lamps, and forms a spatial + structural double-layer isolation with the signal light shield, completely eliminating the problem of strong light interfering with signal indication; ④ Retain the effective downward light component and eliminate blind spots in tunnel passage: Refer to the mature light distribution parameters of CJJ 45-2015 to limit the excessive horizontal tilt of the light panel. The RGB indicator light is maintained to be projected obliquely downward, covering the core passage area of ​​0-5m directly below the light fixture. When miners and transport vehicles pass by, they can fully observe the warning lights for escape, gas, and malfunction. ⑤ Reduce lateral stray light and light loss, and recognize signals at both near and far distances: Avoid light rays to scatter outwards almost horizontally, greatly reduce lateral glare and ineffective stray light at long distances, and reduce light flux waste; for working conditions where light attenuates quickly in dust and water mist underground, the downward angled light has stronger penetration, and safety indicators can be seen clearly at both near and far distances. ⑥ Adapt to the specific working conditions of narrow underground tunnels and ensure the integrity of safety indication functions: Eliminate signal blind spots under the lights caused by large-angle layout, prevent the failure of early warning prompts, and ensure the stable and reliable safety indication functions of the equipment.

[0033] ⑦ Comprehensive advantages of the 105°~150° range: ① Compliance balance: It meets both the special specifications for underground lighting in coal mines and the national standards for general lighting light distribution, and the design scheme conforms to the standards for mining equipment; ② Optical performance balance: On one hand, it blocks strong light interference from the main lighting and maintains the purity of the signal color; on the other hand, it constrains the light output angle and ensures the coverage of the indicator light. The two optical systems of basic lighting and warning lights do not interfere with each other; ③ Underground working condition adaptability balance: It is perfectly adapted to the use environment of narrow roadways, high levels of coal dust and water mist, and concentrated passage of personnel and vehicles under the lights, taking into account both the practicality of lighting and the reliability of safety warning.

[0034] As attached Figure 4 As shown, the main lighting component 8 in this embodiment includes a main lighting glass 9. The outer edge of the main lighting glass 9 is located on the square pad 6, and the main lighting glass 9 is deployed correspondingly to the square hole 7. A main lighting plate 10 is installed on the main lighting glass 9. The main lighting plate 10 uses an 8-row, 16-column SK6812-RGBW 5050 LED matrix, which can realize daily lighting, emergency guidance (left-hand passage, right-hand passage, both-side passage, left-hand passage, right-hand prohibition, right-hand passage, left-hand prohibition), and other types of patterns. When used as an emergency guidance function, the main frame needs to be placed on its side so that the main lighting plate 10 can better face the scene and meet the emergency guidance requirements. The main lighting glass 9 is a rectangular transparent glass, which protects the main lighting plate 10 without affecting the light.

[0035] As attached Figure 5 and 6 As shown, the RGB signal indicator component 5 in this embodiment includes a signal light glass 11. The signal light glass 11 is installed at the signal light transmission hole 4, and one side of the signal light glass 11 is installed on the inner side of the short frame plate 3 or the long frame plate 2. Several cascaded signal light plates 12 are installed on the other side of the signal light glass 11, and a signal light shield 13 is installed on the signal light plate 12. A signal light plastic gasket 14 is installed between the signal light glass 11 and the short frame plate 3 or the long frame plate 2. The signal light glass 11 is a rectangular transparent glass, which protects the signal light plate 12 without affecting the signal indication. The signal light plate 12 uses WS2812. The 5050 LED can individually render RGB state colors to form various signals for light prompts. It can be used to issue different light prompts in daily lighting mode. Different light signals can be completed as needed to achieve different forms of light indication effects such as static, breathing light, rainbow cycle, marquee, reverse marquee, wave, and flashing in different colors (65,536 colors in total). As shown in Table 1.

[0036] Table 1. Effects of different types of lighting indicators

[0037] In this embodiment, the main lighting board 10 is located at the bottom of the main frame 1, and the signal light board 12 is located on the side of the main frame 1. The two areas are completely independently wired and driven, and do not cross-light, thus overcoming the defects of existing mine lighting indicator equipment such as high energy consumption, serious light crosstalk, and poor indicator reliability.

[0038] In this embodiment, the main lighting board 10 includes three completely independent and hardware-incompatible solutions, each corresponding to different lighting and indication capabilities. These three hardware structures cannot be installed simultaneously; only one main lighting hardware configuration is selected at the factory based on the application scenario. After power-on, the device automatically identifies the currently installed main lighting hardware type by reading firmware configuration parameters and loads the unique corresponding dedicated driver and control logic to achieve precise matching and stable operation of the hardware functions, as detailed below: The main lighting board 10 uses an SK6812-RGBW LED matrix. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to the SK6812-RGBW LED matrix through the RMT IO interface. The SK6812-RGBW LED matrix is ​​used for uniform and adjustable lighting in conventional alleyways to meet the lighting needs of daily operations. At the same time, through the grouping and rendering of the SK6812-RGBW LED matrix, it realizes simple arrows and basic hazard avoidance symbols for graphic emergency guidance, taking into account both daily lighting and basic emergency prompts. The main lighting board 10 uses an LED driver and pure white LED lights. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to the LED driver through the LEDC IO interface. The LED driver drives the pure white LED lights to work, realizing stepless brightness adjustment of pure white light for basic lighting. The main lighting board 10 uses a HUB12 interface RG dual-color dot matrix screen. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to a 74HC245 level conversion module through the GPIO port. The 74HC245 level conversion module is used to complete the 3.3V to 5V level matching and drive the HUB12 interface RG dual-color dot matrix screen to work. The HUB12 interface RG dual-color dot matrix screen is used for high-precision text, complex patterns, fault codes, and warning information visualization.

[0039] As attached Figure 9 As shown, the multi-mode control method for the bottom main lighting area in this embodiment is as follows: (1) Power on and start up, read the built-in hardware configuration parameters of the firmware; (2) Determine the hardware type deployed on the main lighting panel in the bottom main lighting area: ① If the main lighting board of the bottom main lighting area uses an SK6812-RGBW LED matrix, the RMT peripheral driver channel is enabled, and the LEDC pure white PWM driver and dot matrix display driver are always disabled. The ESP32-S3 main control module hardware RMT peripheral accurately outputs nanosecond-level timing waveforms to achieve high-precision grayscale dimming and independent color and light control of a single lamp. Based on the 32-bit GRBW data frame protocol, the SK6812-RGBW LED matrix is ​​driven, and the working conditions are determined: Under normal lighting conditions, the grayscale parameters of the 32-bit white light channel of all SK6812-RGBW LEDs are uniformly matched to ensure that the illumination of the entire lighting array is uniform and there is no local glare; Under emergency guidance conditions, the 32-bit RGB three-channel data of local LEDs are modified separately. While retaining the basic white light illumination, colored graphic guidance of arrows and avoidance symbols is rendered to achieve the dual superposition effect of "white light illumination + colored warning graphics", which is perfectly adapted to the combined working conditions of normal lighting and emergency visual guidance in the mine. ② If the main lighting panel of the bottom main lighting area uses pure white LED lights, then the LEDC multi-channel PWM dimming channel is enabled, and the RMT light strip driver and dot matrix screen display functions are always turned off. The focus is on driving the pure white LED lighting array. According to the working conditions of the well, the start and stop status of the equipment, and the dynamic power of the backup power supply, the output brightness is adjusted by controlling the duty cycle of the PWM output through the LEDC output to achieve low fluctuation, low power consumption, and high comfort pure white lighting output. ③ If the main lighting board of the bottom main lighting area uses a HUB12 interface RG dual-color dot matrix screen, then the dot matrix screen driver timing and 74HC245 level conversion module control are enabled, and the RMT lighting driver and LEDC pure white lighting driver are always disabled. All hardware resources are dedicated to the graphic display function. The ESP32-S3 main control module establishes a one-to-one dot matrix data caching mechanism based on the physical partition characteristics of the dot matrix screen hardware, and has a built-in standard Chinese character, number, symbol, and warning icon dot matrix font library. All display content is pre-frozen as standard 8-bit / 16-bit dot matrix bitmap matrix data. The ESP32-S3 main control module retrieves the corresponding dot matrix data according to the current equipment status, environmental detection data, and warning signals, and accurately matches and sends it to the corresponding physical partition of the screen. The ESP32-S3 main control module follows the HUB12 standard industrial scanning timing. In conjunction with the 74HC245 level conversion module, it completes the 3.3V to 5V drive level matching, latches row by row, and scans the dot matrix data column by column, driving four independent hardware partitions to work synchronously: the green matrix dot data corresponds to the normal operating conditions, safety parameters, and routine status display of the equipment; the red matrix dot data corresponds to the equipment fault, gas over-limit, and high-risk disaster warning prompts; among them, the HUB12 interface RG dual-color dot matrix screen has a light interference-free design: there is no lighting hardware, and the software completely shields the lighting output function, completely eliminating the interference of lighting light reflection and cross-light on the graphic display, ensuring that the warning information is clear and readable in underground dust, water mist, and low light environments; The SK6812-RGBW LED bead differs from the ordinary 24-bit WS2812 LED bead by adopting a 32-bit / LED fixed data frame structure. The complete data of a single LED bead contains four 8-bit bytes, and the data frame order is fixed as follows: green G (8-bit) → red R (8-bit) → blue B (8-bit) → white W (8-bit). The single-channel grayscale accuracy is 0-255 (256 levels of linear grayscale), and the four-channel combination realizes synchronous and precise control of full color + independent cool white lighting. The ESP32-S3 main control module outputs high and low level codes according to standard timing through the RMT peripheral: a wide high level and a narrow low level represent logic "1", and a wide low level and a narrow high level represent logic "0". It automatically shifts and outputs a complete 32-bit data stream, eliminating the need for the CPU to simulate waveform bit by bit, thus ensuring no deviation or jitter in the timing of multiple LED cascades. The main lighting board adopts a serial cascade transmission method. The ESP32-S3 main control module sends 32-bit control data frame by frame according to the physical order of the LEDs. After each LED latches its own 32-bit color and brightness data, it automatically forwards the subsequent frame data to the next level of LEDs, realizing independent single-point control of the entire matrix of LEDs.

[0040] The three hardware architectures in this embodiment are independent, non-overlapping, and incompatible. Each device has only one hardware form factor, eliminating the need for design pattern interlocking, conflict avoidance, priority scheduling, and dynamic switching logic. During the power-on self-test phase, this embodiment reads the firmware configuration parameters, confirms the device's hardware model, automatically initializes the corresponding peripherals, disables irrelevant drivers, and loads the dedicated control program. This achieves a "one device, one policy" control effect, ensuring long-term stable operation of the device without logical conflicts or functional malfunctions.

[0041] As attached Figure 8 As shown, the side-mounted RGB signal indicator area in this embodiment is composed of multiple cascaded signal light boards equipped with WS2812 5050 LEDs. All WS2812 5050 LEDs adopt a single-bus serial control method. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to the signal light boards through the RMT IO interface. Each LED is independently controllable, and its color and dynamic effects are programmable. The side-mounted RGB signal indicator area is independent of the bottom main lighting board and does not serve as a tunnel lighting function. It realizes visual light prompts such as equipment status feedback, personnel management prompts, equipment linkage feedback, environmental safety warnings, and disaster emergency guidance. The ESP32-S3 main control module matches the corresponding light color and dynamic lighting effects according to the received external communication commands, collected field status data, and preset warning levels, forming a mine lighting indicator control system with clear hierarchy, independent functions, and remote control capability. Among them, the WS2812 5050 LED supports RGB three-channel 8-bit grayscale adjustment. The ESP32-S3 main control module controls the cascaded WS2812 LEDs according to the communication commands and field status. The 5050 LEDs are used for frame-by-frame pixel-based rendering control. By modifying the RGB grayscale values ​​of individual LEDs and the frame refresh sequence, various standardized dynamic lighting effects are achieved, as detailed below: ① Static constant light effect: The output is a single RGB color value with a fixed output. The brightness of the WS2812 5050 LED is constant and does not change. It is used to provide a fixed indication of the device's normal operation and start / stop status. ② Breathing light gradient effect: The brightness is smoothly changed by periodically increasing and decreasing the gray value, forming a soft breathing effect, which is used for general warnings and low-level reminders of personnel exceeding limits; ③ Running light effect: Each WS2812 5050 LED bead is lit, delayed, and then turned off in sequence to form a one-way light flow, which is used for dynamic indication of equipment linkage operation; ④ Reverse marquee effect: It adopts the reverse point refresh order, and the light flow is opposite to that of the regular marquee. It is used to indicate the direction of emergency evacuation and disaster avoidance routes. ⑤ Wave dynamic effect: The segmented, line-by-line refresh creates a wave-like diffusion of light and shadow, used to simulate early warning scenarios such as the diffusion of harmful gases and the spread of risks. ⑥ High-frequency flashing or alternating flashing effect: High-frequency periodic on and off or alternating switching of two colors, with strong visual impact, used for high-risk emergency early warning of equipment failure, gas over-limit and major disasters.

[0042] Scene-based hierarchical lighting control logic: For ten typical underground coal mine operations and emergency situations, a one-to-one color coding and dynamic lighting control rule is established. After receiving the corresponding scene control command, the equipment executes standardized lighting output actions. The specific control method is as follows: (1) Normal operating status: When the equipment is running normally, the main control outputs a green static constant light effect, RGB(0,255,0), which intuitively indicates that the roadway operation is safe and the equipment is operating normally.

[0043] (2) Overcrowding warning: When the density of people in key areas exceeds the standard, a yellow breathing light effect is activated, RGB(255,255,0), to output a warning in a soft and continuous gradual manner, reminding on-site personnel to stand in the correct position.

[0044] (3) Working face mining linkage: During the coordinated operation of the fully mechanized mining equipment, the blue positive running light effect is activated, RGB(0,0,255), and the direction of the equipment linkage operation and the running status are intuitively displayed through the direction of the light flow.

[0045] (4) Transportation system start and stop indication: the green light is always on when the transportation equipment is running and the red light is always on when the equipment is stopped. The standardized prompt of "vehicles can pass and the machine is stopped for safety" is achieved by switching between the fixed red and green colors.

[0046] (5) Equipment fault alarm: When the electromechanical equipment is abnormal, jammed, or overloaded, the red high-frequency flashing light effect is activated, RGB(255,0,0), to provide a high-intensity dynamic warning of equipment faults, and the machine must be stopped immediately for troubleshooting.

[0047] (6) Gas over-limit warning: When the gas concentration exceeds the standard, the red and yellow dual-color alternating breathing effect is activated. The high-risk color combination provides continuous warning, indicating gas risk, and prompting immediate cessation of operations and ventilation.

[0048] (7) Excessive levels of harmful gases: When harmful gases such as CO and H2S accumulate, the red wave diffusion light effect is activated to simulate the gas diffusion trend and visually indicate the risk of the dangerous area spreading.

[0049] (8) Major disaster warning: When signs of disasters such as roof collapse, water seepage, or outburst appear, red and yellow high-frequency alternating flashing is activated to form the highest level of visual warning, prompting on-site personnel to immediately enter emergency mode.

[0050] (9) Emergency evacuation from disasters: After a major disaster occurs, the red reverse running light effect is activated, and the light flows in a fixed direction to the safety exit, guiding people to evacuate in an emergency in a dynamic way.

[0051] (10) Disaster evacuation route indication: In the normal evacuation scenario after a disaster, white light breathing background light is superimposed with green directional flowing light effect to take into account both emergency lighting and route guidance, and accurately mark the safe disaster evacuation direction.

[0052] The side RGB signal indication control method in this embodiment adopts a triple lighting control mechanism of color grading + dynamic grading + directional grading. Leveraging the hardware advantages of the WS2812 LED, which allows for independent control of each LED and high color gamut adjustment, it achieves differentiated lighting prompts for all scenarios, including normal operation, abnormal warnings, equipment failures, disaster warnings, and emergency evacuation. The device features high light signal differentiation, stable dynamic effects, and strong resistance to dust and light interference, making it suitable for the special working environment of low visibility and high interference underground. Furthermore, based on a four-sided surround light board hardware structure, the device supports externally command-driven directional disaster avoidance indication functions and allows for remote control of the lighting guidance logic, adapting to complex passage scenarios such as two-way and one-way underground tunnels.

[0053] In this embodiment, the surrounding RGB signal indicator area uses independent zoned light control, without relying on local attitude detection or on-site manual calibration. All directional indicators switch lighting logic by receiving external roadway direction control commands, accurately completing the safety guidance and hazard warning light output under different roadway conditions, and realizing remotely controllable and standardized roadway disaster avoidance indication functions; specifically as follows: ① Two-way differentiated guidance control for straight roadways: The underground roadway is a straight passage structure with a single axis and two passable directions. The ESP32-S3 main control module receives the two-way zone guidance control command for the straight roadway and performs differentiated light control on the signal light boards of the two long frame boards. According to the safety attributes of the two ends of the passage defined by the command, the corresponding signal light boards of the long frame boards are controlled to output green safety light and red warning light respectively. Based on the central axis installed on the main frame, independent safety guidance is achieved in both directions on the same straight roadway. Through the output of different colored zone lights on both sides, the safety and danger status of the two directions of the straight roadway are clearly distinguished, providing on-site personnel with two-way visual disaster avoidance guidance, avoiding personnel from accidentally entering the dangerous direction, and realizing precise light control of the two-way passage status of the straight roadway; ② Command Reception and Light Binding Control: All directional light indication actions are triggered by external commands, without local autonomous judgment logic. The ESP32-S3 main control module receives control commands for roadway passage attributes, safety directions, and restricted areas in real time through wired or wireless communication links. After completing the command parsing, it binds and matches the corresponding safety, danger, passage, and restricted logic with the signal light boards of the two long frame boards, calls the preset constant-on directional lighting effects, and completes the output of safety guidance or danger warning lights in the corresponding directions. It is compatible with scenarios such as remote unified scheduling, dynamic changes in roadway working conditions, and multi-device network linkage, ensuring that the underground disaster avoidance direction indication is unified, standardized, accurate, and controllable.

[0054] As attached Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, the multi-mode network communication unit divides all external interaction channels into four independent communication systems based on hardware interface, communication protocol, and functional positioning: local IO and Bluetooth configuration channel, TCP / IP network communication channel, MESH self-organizing network serial communication channel, and power line carrier RS485 Modbus communication channel. The entire system uses the local Modbus RTU Master station as the core scheduling hub, unifying data interaction standards. All data commands on external communication links are uniformly read and written through protocol conversion, command mapping, and bus scheduling, achieving a coexistence mechanism where multi-mode communication does not interfere with each other, parallel monitoring, layered processing, and orderly linkage. Specifically, as follows: (1) Power on and start, complete the initialization of IO ports, the initialization of the lights and dot matrix display peripherals of the main lighting board signal light board, and scan the entire network communication channels, read and load the local storage operating parameters, and then start all peripherals and communication modules of WIFI, BLE low power Bluetooth, USB 4G CAT1 wireless communication module, MESH wireless module, power line carrier to RS485 communication module and 6 opto-isolated switch input interfaces in sequence; (2) After initialization, it enters a persistent listening state, continuously and in parallel monitoring the data link messages of WIFI, BLE low-power Bluetooth, MESH wireless module, power line carrier to RS485 communication module and 6 opto-isolated switch input interfaces, and receives, parses and responds to control commands and status data of different channels in real time, realizing layered monitoring and protocol isolation conversion; among which, the layered monitoring situation is as follows: ① The BLE low-power Bluetooth and the 6-channel opto-isolated switch input interface adopt Bluetooth configuration channel and local IO channel respectively for local short-range configuration and local trigger interaction; the 6-channel opto-isolated switch input interface collects the on-site switch status in real time through the IO port, and establishes a short-range wireless connection through BLE low-power Bluetooth. It supports on-site personnel to configure local parameters such as device response mode, sound and light indication strategy, early warning trigger logic and light language corresponding rules on mobile devices. It only acts on local parameter configuration and local status collection, does not participate in remote networking linkage and cloud data upload, and independently completes local interactive control. ② The WIFI and USB 4G CAT1 wireless communication modules adopt a TCP / IP network communication channel for remote cloud management. Both the WIFI and USB 4G CAT1 wireless communication modules are based on the TCP / IP protocol stack to realize network data transmission and both work in TCPClient client mode. They realize remote device communication, cloud data upload and remote command issuance through the WIFI LAN TCP link and the 4G cellular network TCP link. The WIFI and USB 4G CAT1 wireless communication modules adopt the same TCP network data interaction architecture, support dual-link redundancy backup, and ensure communication stability in complex downhole network environments. The application layer data interaction of the TCP / IP network communication channel adopts a custom general private communication protocol to complete remote status query, parameter configuration, early warning control and equipment linkage command transmission. ③ The MESH wireless module adopts a MESH self-organizing network serial communication channel for roadway equipment networking and linkage. It completes network data interaction through the original serial port messages and does not rely on the TCP / IP protocol stack. It supports multiple devices to achieve roadway cascading, signal relay, and local networking linkage through the MESH wireless module. The MESH wireless module uses a proprietary communication protocol for data frame encapsulation and parsing to achieve light signal synchronization, status synchronization, and linkage triggering between multiple devices. It is suitable for localized equipment cluster linkage control under conditions where there is no public network or local area network coverage underground. ④ The power line carrier to RS485 communication module adopts a power line carrier RS485 Modbus communication channel for industrial bus interface; the power line carrier RS485 Modbus communication channel is based on the Modbus RTU standard protocol to realize data reading and writing and equipment control. Relying on the underground power supply line and RS485 differential bus, it realizes long-distance, strong anti-interference industrial-grade data interaction, supports standard Modbus register reading, writing, and batch acquisition operations, and directly connects to underground monitoring substations, bus sensors and linkage equipment, adapting to the standardized access requirements of coal mine industrial bus; In this embodiment, the protocol isolation transition is as follows: ① For the Bluetooth configuration channel and the local IO channel used for the 6-channel opto-isolated switch input interface of BLE low power Bluetooth: local parameters take effect directly and the Modbus register is updated synchronously; ② For the TCP / IP network communication channel used by the WIFI and USB 4G CAT1 wireless communication modules, a bidirectional conversion mechanism between the proprietary protocol and the Modbus RTU protocol is adopted. Specifically, the proprietary protocol control commands and network linkage commands sent from the remote end are parsed and mapped to the corresponding Modbus register read and write operations; local status data, operating parameters, fault information, and the light status on the main lighting board and signal light board are packaged through registers and converted into proprietary protocol messages, which are then uploaded upwards. ③ The MESH wireless module uses a MESH self-organizing network serial communication channel with a bidirectional conversion mechanism between a proprietary protocol with networking information and the Modbus RTU protocol. Specifically, proprietary protocol control commands and networking linkage commands sent from the remote end are parsed and mapped to corresponding Modbus register read / write operations; local status data, operating parameters, fault information, and the light status on the main lighting board and signal light board are packaged into proprietary protocol messages through registers and then uploaded upwards or forwarded to networking devices. ④ The power line carrier to RS485 communication module uses a power line carrier RS485 Modbus communication channel that natively supports the Modbus RTU protocol. The Modbus RTU master station can directly initiate register reading, parameter writing, device control and status polling without secondary protocol conversion, thus realizing direct control of industrial bus devices.

[0055] (3) The control commands after protocol isolation conversion are uniformly scheduled and processed through the local Modbus RTU master station to realize the lighting control on the main lighting board and signal light board and the sound control of the I2S audio DAC digital-to-analog conversion circuit and power amplifier circuit. This avoids multi-channel command conflicts, data overlay and bus preemption problems, and realizes multi-mode, all-dimensional and highly reliable communication control of the equipment in complex underground scenarios.

[0056] The circuit connection logic in this embodiment is as follows: ① Power supply link: AC85-264V → AC-DC12V main power supply / 3 series lithium battery backup power supply → DC-DC step-down (5V / 3.3V) + 12V direct supply branch → power supply for all modules of the machine (ESP32-S3 main control module, 6 independent opto-isolated switch input port modules, multi-mode network communication unit and voice and display warning unit); ② Core control link: various sensors / switch signals → GPIO isolated input → ESP32-S3 main control module → RMT lighting driver, LEDC dimming, I2S voice, display output, communication upload; ③ Linkage communication link: power line carrier RS485 (wired) + WIFI / BLE / 4G / Mesh (wireless) → realize local linkage of equipment, lane networking, and remote cloud monitoring; ④ Warning output link: main control command of ESP32-S3 main control module → RGB light language dynamic lighting + voice broadcast + dot matrix text display to realize multi-dimensional safety warning prompts.

[0057] The specific working process of this embodiment is as follows: Step 1: Power-on self-test initialization: After the system is powered on, it sequentially completes GPIO initialization, light IO initialization, communication scan, and local operating condition parameter reading to complete system initialization; then it scans the current communication channel quality, automatically selects the best communication mode, and enters adaptive standby state; Step 2, Normal Lighting Control: When there is no trigger signal, the system maintains normal lighting conditions, with the bottom light group outputting full-brightness white light evenly to ensure the illumination of the roadway; the peripheral indicator light group is in low-power sleep standby mode, and the system background continuously polls current data, switch signals, and network status, ready to respond in real time. Step 3, Emergency Mode Adaptive Switching: When any of the following trigger signals are detected: excessive gas, water damage, roof disaster, equipment failure, or remote emergency command, the system immediately triggers the operating condition switching logic, actively reduces the PWM brightness of the main lighting, retains a safe dim light, and avoids strong light interfering with personnel evacuation identification; at the same time, it calls the dot matrix rendering algorithm to display red and green warning lights in the outer RGB area, and simultaneously starts TTS voice to loop emergency prompts. Step 4, Implementation of Precise Pixel Rendering: Based on the 4-row 8-column pixel coordinate mapping rule, only the effective pixels of the arrow are lit, and the rest of the LEDs are turned off, generating a clear and highly recognizable "left / right" standard indicator arrow, achieving low power consumption and high precision visual guidance, which is different from the traditional coarse indicator method of full-screen lighting. Step 5, Multi-scenario linkage and custom adaptation: Staff can configure the light color, arrow direction, prompt pattern and voice content corresponding to each switch quantity online through the mobile Bluetooth APP. The configuration parameters are automatically stored in the local Flash. When the corresponding working condition signal is triggered on site, the system calls the local preset logic, responds quickly and outputs the corresponding warning status, realizing flexibility, configurability and multi-scenario adaptation. Step 6, Multi-device cluster fault-tolerant linkage: Single devices achieve cluster linkage of tunnel lighting fixtures through Mesh networking. When the network is normal, they uniformly receive platform instructions and synchronize early warnings; under network interruption or weak network conditions, all devices operate independently based on local preset logic to avoid network failure and greatly improve safety redundancy under extreme mine disasters.

[0058] This embodiment addresses the industry pain points of traditional mining lamps, such as structural defects, rigid logic, fragile communication, lack of protection mechanisms, and low level of intelligence, through the aforementioned hardware structure innovation and software adaptive control method innovation. It realizes an integrated intelligent solution with hardware layered isolation, multi-mode fault-tolerant communication, adaptive switching of working conditions, refined dot matrix guidance, and multi-device linkage early warning, which fully meets the safety management and control requirements of modern coal mines for high reliability, intelligence, and unmanned operation.

[0059] This embodiment adopts a layered isolation structure design. The light panel area is divided into a large-area SK6812-RGBW lighting area at the bottom and an independent RGB dot matrix indicator area on the periphery. The two areas are physically separated and driven by independent circuits, eliminating the problem of white light crosstalk to colored indicator lights from a structural perspective. The main control uses an ESP32 chip with a FreeRTOS system, which can handle multiple tasks in parallel, including lighting dimming, dot matrix drawing, communication parsing, signal acquisition, and sound and light control logic. At the communication level, it integrates a multi-link adaptive switching architecture of power line carrier, WiFi, 4G, and Mesh, ensuring stable operation in complex underground network environments. At the power supply level, it adopts a pre-stage voltage regulation power supply architecture to provide stable operating power to all modules of the whole machine, ensuring long-term stable and reliable operation of the equipment. At the peripheral level, it reserves 6 opto-isolated switch input interfaces, supports PLC docking and Bluetooth custom operating logic, and adapts to the linkage needs of multiple scenarios in the mine.

[0060] This embodiment constructs a four-in-one multi-mode communication coexistence architecture of "local configuration + remote network + cluster networking + industrial bus". It not only retains the scenario adaptation advantages of each communication method, but also solves the problems of multiple protocol mixing, inconsistent instructions and poor linkage compatibility through a unified Modbus master station scheduling and protocol conversion mechanism. This greatly improves the adaptability and operational stability of mining equipment under different roadways, different networks and different management and control systems.

[0061] Example 2: The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the BLE Low Energy Bluetooth configuration method in this embodiment is as follows: Bluetooth services and feature values ​​are built based on the built-in BLE Bluetooth communication protocol stack of the ESP32-S3 main control module to achieve online parameter configuration; after the ESP32-S3 main control module is powered on, it automatically creates a basic BLE Bluetooth service and registers multiple sets of independent read / write feature values ​​within the service. Feature 1: Channel selection feature, used to select the number of the 6 opto-isolated switch input interfaces; Feature 2: RGB color configuration feature, sending the brightness parameters of the R, G, and B colors corresponding to the current channel; Feature 3: Mode storage feature, issues a confirmation storage command to solidify the channel-color binding logic to the local Flash; This embodiment scans and establishes a Bluetooth pairing connection with the ESP32 via a mobile device deployed with BLE Low Energy. The mobile device provides independent configuration windows for six opto-isolated switch input interfaces, supporting separate settings for the audio-visual indication method after each trigger. After editing the color parameters of a single switch input, the channel number and RGB three-color values ​​are sent to the ESP32-S3 main control module in a time-division manner via a BLE Low Energy Bluetooth write feature value command. The ESP32 Bluetooth task listens for feature value write events in real time, parses the received channel number and color parameters, and stores them in memory cache. When the save button on the mobile device with BLE Low Energy is clicked, a storage command is sent, and the ESP32-S3 main control module writes the mapping relationship between all six opto-isolated switch input interfaces and their corresponding light colors into the on-chip Flash non-volatile storage. During each power-on initialization, the pre-stored channel-color binding table in the Flash is automatically read. During operation, the input levels of the six opto-isolated switch input interfaces are polled in real time. When any switch trigger signal is detected, the corresponding channel's bound RGB values ​​are retrieved. The color parameters drive the corresponding four-way RGB light strip to output the corresponding color light, thus completing the visual indication of the working status.

[0062] Example 3: The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the speech synthesis of the I2S audio DAC digital-to-analog converter circuit in this embodiment preferably uses the ESP-TTS speech synthesis component built into the Espressif ESP-IDF framework (or can be replaced with other embedded TTS engines that support UTF-8 input and PCM output). The specific broadcasting steps follow the timing sequence below: (1) Command reception and standardization transcoding: The communication coprocessor or main core (Core 0 / Core 1) of the ESP32-S3 main control module receives the warning control command, first performs CRC / check and integrity verification, and after confirming that there is no packet loss or bit flip, extracts the text field to be broadcast: if the original text contains URL encoding (%XX), JSON escape characters (such as \uXXXX) or non-UTF-8 encoding (such as GB2312 / GBK), then decode and character set conversion are performed in sequence, and finally the output is uniformly output as a standard UTF-8 encoded string, which is passed to the message queue of the TTS processing task to ensure that the input format of all subsequent text processing modules is globally consistent; (2) On-chip Flash resource mounting and dictionary preloading: During the power-on initialization phase, the ESP-TTS component of the ESP32-S3 main control module traverses the partition table through the esp_partition_find interface to locate the partition for pre-burned voice resources (this partition is set to read-only to avoid accidental erasure); the following data is stored in this partition: ①Chinese Pinyin full-syllable dictionary: a combined coding table covering initials + finals + tones; ②Polysyllabic character disambiguation mapping table: records the forced pronunciation pointers of common polysyllabic characters (such as "chong", "chang", "xing") in different contexts; ③Acoustic parameter library: contains the fundamental frequency (F0) and duration parameters of each phoneme, used to control the naturalness of the synthesized speech; In the initialization stage, the component traverses the above resources and establishes a hash mapping table of UTF-8 encoded values → Flash physical address offsets in the RAM (using chaining to resolve conflicts), so that the time complexity of phoneme retrieval for each subsequent character is O(1); after the mapping table is built, the Flash partition remains mounted until the system powers off and is not unmounted during operation.

[0063] (3)Text preprocessing and phoneme sequence generation: The application layer of the ESP32-S3 main control module calls the speed and volume adjustment interfaces of the TTS engine of the ESP-TTS component according to the warning level field in the control message (such as level 0 prompt, level 1 warning, level 2 emergency), sets the speech rate coefficient in the adjustable range of 0.5 times to 2.0 times (default 1.0 times), and sets the output gain in the adjustable range of -12dB to +6dB (default 0dB). Subsequently, a three-level parsing is performed on the UTF-8 text stream: ①Word segmentation processing: Based on the maximum forward matching (Maximum Matching) algorithm, with word length as the priority, continuous Chinese character sequences are segmented into independent words; in this embodiment, a special dictionary for the mine scene (such as "heading face", "main haulage roadway", "refuge chamber", etc.) is prefabricated for the word segmenter to match preferentially to avoid mis-segmentation by the general word library; ②Phoneme mapping and disambiguation: Query the hash mapping table established in S102 character by character for the word segmentation result to obtain the corresponding pinyin syllable string: if a certain character is a polysyllabic character, disambiguation is determined according to the semantic label of the adjacent word on its left (such as verb / noun / quantifier), and the default high-frequency pronunciation is taken when the determination fails. Finally, the output is a phoneme sequence containing tone marks (tones 1-4); ③Insertion of prosody marks: At punctuation marks such as full stops, commas, and semicolons, silent frames of different durations are inserted according to the punctuation type (full stop ≥ 300ms, comma / semicolon ≥ 150ms); at digital sequences (such as "No. 3 coal seam"), "3" is automatically mapped to "three" instead of the quantified pronunciation of "san" to ensure naturalness of the broadcast; (4) Audio segment index reading and frame loading: Using the phoneme sequence generated in (3) as the index key, the CPU reads the original PCM audio data block corresponding to each phoneme stored in Flash in parallel through the SPI bus (four-wire Quad I / O mode, clock frequency configured to 40MHz); the PCM data of each phoneme is stored in a 16kHz sampling rate, 16bit linear quantization, and mono format; in order to improve reading efficiency, the system enables a hardware prefetch mechanism: ① The currently playing phoneme is read by the CPU main thread and sent to the subsequent cache; ② The subsequent 3 phonemes (length not exceeding 4KB) are moved from Flash to the memory prefetch buffer in advance by the DMA controller in the background, so that the Flash reading delay when switching phonemes is reduced to the microsecond level, eliminating playback stuttering; ③ If a phoneme has no corresponding record in the Flash index table (data missing abnormality), the phoneme is skipped and a 200ms blank silence frame is inserted to avoid broadcast interruption or system crash; (5) Ring buffer filling and audio stream splicing: The ESP32-S3 main control module splices the read PCM data into a continuous audio stream according to the original text order, and then fills it into the DMA ring buffer. The buffer is configured as a double buffer structure (Ping-Pong Buffer): each buffer is 4KB in size (corresponding to an audio duration of about 125ms@16kHz / 16bit). When one buffer is filled, the other buffer sends data to the I2S peripheral to realize pipeline parallel processing. During the filling process, the driver layer forces the output audio format to be 16bit little-endian and mono, and submits a sending request to the I2S driver. If the ring buffer write speed is continuously behind the I2S consumption speed (i.e., the risk of buffer underflow), the priority of the TTS synthesis task is automatically reduced to give way to the DMA interrupt. At the same time, a preset silence filling frame is filled in to maintain the continuity of the I2S clock and avoid the hardware from generating DC offset popping sounds. (6) I2S Hardware Digital Audio Transmission: The I2S peripheral of the ESP32-S3 main control module is configured in Master Mode, with the master clock (MCLK) provided by the internal PLL; the DMA channel moves the data in the ring buffer to the I2S_TX output pin in a hardware handshake manner; the I2S bus clock parameters are calculated according to the following formula: Bit clock (BCK) = Sampling rate × Bit width × Number of channels = 16kHz × 16bit × 1 = 256kHz; Frame clock (LRCK) = Sampling rate = 16kHz; Data is output continuously in standard I2S format (MSB first, left-aligned with a delay of 1 BCK). (7) Digital-to-analog conversion and power amplification: The digital audio signal output from the I2S bus is fed into an external stereo DAC chip (ES8311 or CS4344 is preferred in this embodiment, but it can also be replaced with PCM5102 or WM8974 of the same specifications). The DAC decodes the digital PCM code stream into a differential analog voltage signal. The analog signal then enters the power amplification stage (Class-D power amplifier, model MAX98357 or NS4168, efficiency ≥85%). After the PWM carrier is filtered out by the LC low-pass filter at the output end (cutoff frequency about 22kHz), it drives an 8Ω / 2W dynamic speaker and outputs a warning voice with a sound pressure level ≥90dB. (8) Announce the final state of resource reclamation: The CPU monitors the DMA transfer progress by sending a completion interrupt (TX_DONE) via the registered I2S; when it detects that the last audio frame has been sent from the I2S bus and the FIFO is empty, the following reclamation operation is performed: ① Call vTaskDelete to release the control block and stack space of the voice broadcast task; ② Clear all residual audio data in the circular buffer and reset the DMA read / write pointer to its initial position; ③ Keep the Flash partition mounted and the hash mapping table established by S102 resident in memory, and do not perform any unmounting operation; The advantage of this design is that after a single voice broadcast ends, all index data and voice library remain in memory and Flash. The next broadcast task can be started directly from step (3) or (4) (depending on whether the text has changed), without having to re-execute the dictionary loading process of (2), thus achieving zero-sensory wake-up with a response latency of ≤10ms.

[0064] The audio-visual synchronization control logic in this embodiment is as follows: when the voice broadcast is started, the warning level, scene identifier, and direction guidance information carried in the same control command are parsed simultaneously, and the side RGB indicator lights are controlled to output corresponding dynamic lighting effects, and the bottom main lighting / dot matrix screen switches to the matching display mode respectively; the lights and display maintain the warning state synchronously throughout the voice broadcast, and after the voice broadcast ends, the warning prompt is maintained or the normal working state is automatically restored according to the command requirements, so as to realize the time-series synchronous linkage of sound, light, and image, and improve the warning recognition effect in noisy underground environments.

[0065] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A layered, isolated, intelligent, interconnected lighting indicator system for mining applications, characterized in that: The system includes an ESP32-S3 main control module, a 6-channel independent opto-isolated digital input port module, a multi-mode network communication unit, a voice and display warning unit, and a power supply unit. The power supply unit provides power to the ESP32-S3 main control module, the 6-channel independent opto-isolated digital input port module, the multi-mode network communication unit, and the voice and display warning unit. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to 6 opto-isolated switch input interfaces via IO ports. The 6 opto-isolated switch input interfaces support high and low level triggering and can be connected to downhole PLCs, environmental sensors, gas detectors and belt conveyor controllers. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to both the multi-mode network communication unit and the voice and display warning unit. The multi-mode network communication unit features both wired and wireless communication, with all communication lines independently wired and protocol-segregated, enabling multi-data interaction including local voice and display warning unit linkage, downhole bus communication, and 4G and WIFI wireless communication. The voice and display warning unit includes an I2S audio DAC digital-to-analog converter circuit, a power amplifier circuit, and a layered independent lamp assembly. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to the layered independent lamp assembly. The system employs a physically layered isolation structure, including a bottom main lighting area and side-mounted RGB signal indicator areas surrounding it. The angle between the side-mounted RGB signal indicator areas and the bottom lighting area is 105-150°. The bottom lighting area is used to switch between different hardware drivers and functional modes according to different underground scenarios, adapting to three types of working conditions: conventional lighting, emergency guidance, and graphic warning. The main lighting board's working modes include adjustable lighting + simple emergency guidance mode using SK6812-RGBW matrix LEDs, adjustable brightness lighting mode using PWM pure white LEDs, or graphic warning mode using HUB12 RG dual-color dot matrix screen. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to the I2S audio DAC digital-to-analog converter circuit and power amplifier circuit via the I2S interface. This allows the module to convert the digital warning audio signal from the ESP32-S3 main control module into analog voice broadcasts, which are then synchronized with the lighting signals and dot matrix graphic display of the layered independent lamp components to provide voice prompts for equipment failures, gas exceeding limits, personnel warnings, and disaster evacuation scenarios.

2. The mine-use layered isolation intelligent linkage lighting indicator system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multimode network communication unit includes a power line carrier to RS485 communication module, a Mesh wireless module, and a USB 4G CAT1 wireless communication module; The ESP32-S3 main control module is connected to the power line carrier to RS485 communication module via a serial port. The power line carrier to RS485 communication module relies on the power supply line to multiplex data signals, eliminating the need for additional wiring and enabling device linkage and data transmission based on the power line. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to the Mesh wireless module via a serial port. The Mesh wireless self-organizing network achieves signal relay and cascading communication with the antenna through a dedicated wireless networking link, enabling synchronized lighting signals, synchronized early warnings, and linkage control of the entire roadway lighting system. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to the USB 4G CAT1 wireless communication module via a USB interface. The USB 4G CAT1 wireless communication module is connected to an external cellular communication link and equipped with a 4G antenna to enable remote data uploading of device status, environmental data, and fault information, supporting remote monitoring and remote linkage. The ESP32-S3 main control module has built-in 2.4GHz WIFI and BLE low-power Bluetooth. WIFI is used for local area network data transmission, and BLE low-power Bluetooth is used for short-range device pairing, parameter configuration, and local linkage.

3. The mine-use layered isolation intelligent linkage lighting indicator system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The layered independent lamp assembly includes a main frame, which is a frame structure with an open end, narrow at the bottom and wide at the top, consisting of two inclined and opposite long frame plates and two inclined and opposite short frame plates. Two spaced-apart signal light-transmitting holes are located in the middle of the long frame plates, and one signal light-transmitting hole is located in the middle of the short frame plates. RGB signal indicator components are installed inside the signal light-transmitting holes. A square pad is located at the bottom of the main frame, with a square hole in its center. The outer edges of the square pad are connected to both the long and short frame plates, with the included angles between the long and short frame plates being 105-150°. The main lighting component is located on the upper side of the square pad. The main lighting component includes a main lighting glass, the outer edge of which is located on a square pad and the main lighting glass is deployed in accordance with the square hole. A main lighting plate is provided on the main lighting glass. The RGB signal indicator component includes a signal light glass, which is installed at the light-transmitting hole of the signal light and one side of the signal light glass is installed on the inner side of the short frame plate or the long frame plate. The other side of the signal light glass is provided with several cascaded signal light boards, and the signal light boards are provided with signal light shields. A signal light plastic gasket is provided between the signal light glass and the short frame plate or the long frame plate.

4. The mine-use layered isolation intelligent linkage lighting indicator system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The main lighting panel uses an SK6812-RGBW LED matrix. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to the SK6812-RGBW LED matrix through the RMT IO interface. The SK6812-RGBW LED matrix is ​​used for uniform and adjustable lighting in regular alleyways to meet the lighting needs of daily operations. At the same time, through the grouping and rendering of the SK6812-RGBW LED matrix, simple arrows and basic hazard avoidance symbols are used to realize graphic emergency guidance, taking into account both daily lighting and basic emergency prompts. or, The main lighting board uses an LED driver and pure white LED lights. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to the LED driver through the LEDC IO interface. The LED driver drives the pure white LED lights to work, realizing stepless brightness adjustment of pure white light for basic lighting. or, The main lighting board uses a HUB12 interface RG dual-color dot matrix screen. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to a 74HC245 level conversion module via GPIO port. The 74HC245 level conversion module is used to complete the 3.3V to 5V level matching and drive the HUB12 interface RG dual-color dot matrix screen to work. The HUB12 interface RG dual-color dot matrix screen is used for high-precision text, complex patterns, fault codes, and warning information visualization.

5. The mine-use layered isolation intelligent linkage lighting indicator system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The specific multi-mode control method for the bottom main lighting area is as follows: (1) Power on and start up, read the built-in hardware configuration parameters of the firmware; (2) Determine the hardware type deployed on the main lighting panel in the bottom main lighting area: ① If the main lighting board of the bottom main lighting area uses an SK6812-RGBW LED matrix, the RMT peripheral driver channel is enabled, and the LEDC pure white PWM driver and dot matrix display driver are always disabled. The ESP32-S3 main control module hardware RMT peripheral accurately outputs nanosecond-level timing waveforms to achieve high-precision grayscale dimming and independent color and light control of a single lamp. Based on the 32-bit GRBW data frame protocol, the SK6812-RGBW LED matrix is ​​driven, and the working conditions are determined: Under normal lighting conditions, the grayscale parameters of the 32-bit white light channel of all SK6812-RGBW LEDs are uniformly matched to ensure that the illuminance of the entire lighting array is uniform and there is no local glare; Under emergency guidance conditions, the 32-bit RGB three-channel data of local LEDs are modified separately. While retaining the basic white light illumination, colored graphic guidance of arrows and avoidance symbols is rendered to achieve the dual superposition effect of "white light illumination + colored warning graphics", which is perfectly adapted to the combined working conditions of normal lighting and emergency visual guidance in the mine. ② If the main lighting panel of the bottom main lighting area uses pure white LED lights, then the LEDC multi-channel PWM dimming channel is enabled, and the RMT light strip driver and dot matrix screen display functions are always turned off. The focus is on driving the pure white LED lighting array. According to the working conditions of the well, the start and stop status of the equipment, and the dynamic power of the backup power supply, the output brightness is adjusted by controlling the duty cycle of the PWM output through the LEDC output to achieve low fluctuation, low power consumption, and high comfort pure white lighting output. ③ If the main lighting board in the bottom main lighting area uses a HUB12 interface RG dual-color dot matrix screen, then enable the dot matrix screen driver timing and 74HC245 level conversion module control, and keep the RMT lighting driver and LEDC constantly disabled. Driven by pure white lighting, all hardware resources are dedicated to the graphic display function. The ESP32-S3 main control module establishes a one-to-one dot matrix data caching mechanism tailored to the physical partition characteristics of the dot matrix screen hardware, and has a built-in standard Chinese character, number, symbol, and warning icon dot matrix font library. All display content is pre-frozen as standard 8-bit / 16-bit dot matrix bitmap matrix data. Based on the current equipment status, environmental detection data, and warning signals, the ESP32-S3 main control module retrieves the corresponding dot matrix data and accurately matches and sends it to the corresponding physical partition of the screen. The ESP32-S3 main control module follows the HUB12 standard industrial scanning timing sequence and works with the 74HC245 level conversion module to complete the 3.3V to 5V drive level matching, latching and scanning the dot matrix data row by row and column by column, driving the four independent hardware partitions to work synchronously: green matrix dot data corresponds to normal equipment operation, safety parameters, and general status display; red matrix dot data corresponds to equipment fault, gas over-limit, and high-risk disaster warning prompts. Among them, the SK6812-RGBW LED bead adopts a 32-bit / LED fixed data frame structure. The complete data of a single LED bead contains 4 8-bit bytes. The data frame order is fixed as follows: green G → red R → blue B → white W. The single-channel grayscale accuracy is 0-255. The four-channel combination realizes the synchronous and precise control of full color + independent cool white lighting. The ESP32-S3 main control module outputs high and low level codes according to standard timing through the RMT peripheral: a wide high level and a narrow low level represent logic "1", and a wide low level and a narrow high level represent logic "0". It automatically shifts and outputs a complete 32-bit data stream to ensure that the timing of multiple LED cascaded is without deviation or jitter. The main lighting board adopts a serial cascade transmission method. The ESP32-S3 main control module sends 32-bit control data frame by frame according to the physical order of the LEDs. After each LED latches its own 32-bit color and brightness data, it automatically forwards the subsequent frame data to the next level of LEDs, realizing independent single-point control of the entire matrix of LEDs.

6. The mine-use layered isolation intelligent linkage lighting indicator system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The side-surround RGB signal indicator area is composed of multiple cascaded signal light boards equipped with WS2812 5050 LEDs. All WS2812 5050 LEDs adopt a single-bus serial control method. The ESP32-S3 main control module is electrically connected to the signal light board through the RMT IO interface. Each LED is independently controllable, and the color and dynamic effects of each point are programmable. The WS2812 5050 LED supports RGB three-channel 8-bit grayscale adjustment. The ESP32-S3 main control module performs frame-by-frame dot matrix rendering control of the cascaded WS2812 5050 LEDs based on communication commands and on-site conditions. By modifying the RGB grayscale values ​​of individual LEDs and the frame refresh sequence, various standardized dynamic lighting effects are achieved, as detailed below: ① Static constant light effect: The output is a single RGB color value with a fixed output. The brightness of the WS2812 5050 LED is constant and does not change. It is used to provide a fixed indication of the device's normal operation and start / stop status. ② Breathing light gradient effect: The brightness is smoothly changed by periodically increasing and decreasing the gray value, forming a soft breathing effect, which is used for general warnings and low-level reminders of personnel exceeding limits; ③ Running light effect: Each WS2812 5050 LED bead is lit, delayed, and then turned off in sequence to form a one-way light flow, which is used for dynamic indication of equipment linkage operation; ④ Reverse marquee effect: It adopts the reverse point refresh order, and the light flow is opposite to that of the regular marquee. It is used to indicate the direction of emergency evacuation and disaster avoidance routes. ⑤ Wave dynamic effect: The segmented, line-by-line refresh creates a wave-like diffusion of light and shadow, used to simulate early warning scenarios such as the diffusion of harmful gases and the spread of risks. ⑥ High-frequency flashing or alternating flashing effect: High-frequency periodic on and off or alternating switching of two colors, with strong visual impact, used for high-risk emergency early warning of equipment failure, gas over-limit and major disasters.

7. The mine-use layered isolation intelligent linkage lighting indicator system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The surrounding RGB signal indicator areas employ independent zoned light control. All directional indicators switch lighting logic by receiving external roadway direction control commands, accurately providing safety guidance and hazard warning light output under different roadway conditions. This achieves remotely controllable and standardized roadway disaster avoidance guidance functions; details are as follows: Two-way differentiated guidance control for straight roadways: The ESP32-S3 main control module receives two-way zone guidance control commands for straight roadways, performs differentiated light control on the signal light boards of the two long frame boards, and controls the corresponding long frame board signal light boards to output green safety lights and red warning lights according to the safety attributes of passage at both ends defined by the commands. Relying on the central axis installed on the main frame, independent safety guidance at both ends is achieved on the same straight roadway. Command reception and lighting binding control: All directional lighting indication actions are triggered by external commands. The ESP32-S3 main control module receives control commands for roadway passage attributes, safety directions, and restricted areas in real time through wired or wireless communication links. After completing command parsing, it binds and matches the corresponding safety, danger, passage, and restricted logic with the signal light boards of the two long frame boards, calls the preset constant-on directional lighting effects, and completes the output of safety guidance or danger warning lights in the corresponding directions.

8. The mine-use layered isolation intelligent linkage lighting indicator system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The multi-mode network communication unit divides all external interaction channels into four independent communication systems based on hardware interfaces, communication protocols, and functional positioning: local IO and Bluetooth configuration channels, TCP / IP network communication channels, MESH self-organizing network serial communication channels, and power line carrier RS485 Modbus communication channels. The entire system uses the local Modbus RTU Master station as the core scheduling hub, unifying data interaction standards. All data commands on external communication links are uniformly read and written through protocol conversion, command mapping, and bus scheduling, achieving a coexistence mechanism where multi-mode communication does not interfere with each other, parallel monitoring, layered processing, and orderly linkage. Specifically: (1) Power on and start, complete the initialization of IO ports, the initialization of the lights and dot matrix display peripherals of the main lighting board signal light board, and scan the entire network communication channels, read and load the local storage operating parameters, and then start all peripherals and communication modules of WIFI, BLE low power Bluetooth, USB 4G CAT1 wireless communication module, MESH wireless module, power line carrier to RS485 communication module and 6 opto-isolated switch input interfaces in sequence; (2) After initialization, it enters the resident listening state and continuously listens in parallel to the data link messages of WIFI, BLE low power Bluetooth, MESH wireless module, power line carrier to RS485 communication module and 6 opto-isolated switch input interfaces. It receives, parses and responds to control commands and status data of different channels in real time to realize layered listening and protocol isolation conversion. (3) The control commands after protocol isolation conversion are uniformly scheduled and processed through the local Modbus RTU master station to realize the lighting control on the main lighting board and signal light board, as well as the sound control of the I2S audio DAC digital-to-analog conversion circuit and the power amplifier circuit.

9. The mine-use layered isolation intelligent linkage lighting indicator system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The layered monitoring configuration is as follows: ① The BLE low-power Bluetooth and 6-channel opto-isolated switch input interfaces respectively adopt Bluetooth configuration channels and local IO channels for local short-range configuration and local trigger interaction. The 6-channel opto-isolated switch input interfaces collect the status of the switch quantities in real time through the IO ports. The BLE low-power Bluetooth establishes a short-range wireless connection, allowing on-site personnel to configure local parameters such as device response modes, sound and light indication strategies, warning trigger logic, and corresponding light signals on their mobile devices. This configuration only affects local parameter configuration and local status acquisition, independently completing local interactive control. Specifically, the BLE low-power Bluetooth configuration method is as follows: Bluetooth services and feature values ​​are built based on the built-in BLE Bluetooth communication protocol stack of the ESP32-S3 main control module to achieve online parameter configuration. After the ESP32-S3 main control module is powered on, it automatically creates a BLE Bluetooth basic service and registers multiple sets of independent read / write feature values ​​within the service: Feature value 1: Channel selection feature, used to select the number of the 6-channel opto-isolated switch input interfaces; Feature value 2: RGB color configuration feature, which sends the R, G, and B values ​​corresponding to the current channel. Three-color brightness parameters; Feature value 3: mode storage feature, issue confirmation storage command, and solidify the channel-color binding logic to the local Flash; Scan and establish a Bluetooth pairing connection with the ESP32 via a mobile device with BLE Low Energy Bluetooth deployed. The mobile device with BLE Low Energy Bluetooth deployed provides an independent configuration window for 6 opto-isolated switch input interfaces, supporting the setting of the display color of the peripheral four-way RGB light strip after each channel is triggered; After completing the editing of the single-channel switch color parameters, the channel number and RGB three-color values ​​are sent to the ESP32-S3 main control module in a time-division manner via the BLE Low Energy Bluetooth write feature value command; The ESP32 Bluetooth task listens for feature value write events in real time, parses the received channel number and color parameters, and stores them in the memory cache; When the save button of the mobile device with BLE Low Energy Bluetooth deployed is clicked, a storage command is issued, and the ESP32-S3 main control module writes the mapping relationship between all 6 opto-isolated switch input interfaces and the corresponding light colors into the on-chip Flash non-volatile storage; Automatically read the Flash during each power-on initialization. The system has a pre-stored channel-color binding table; during operation, it polls the input levels of the 6 opto-isolated switch input interfaces in real time. When any switch trigger signal is detected, it retrieves the RGB color parameters bound to the corresponding channel and drives the corresponding four-way RGB LED strip to output the corresponding color light, thus completing the visual indication of the working status. ② The WIFI and USB 4G CAT1 wireless communication modules adopt a TCP / IP network communication channel for remote cloud management. Both the WIFI and USB 4G CAT1 wireless communication modules are based on the TCP / IP protocol stack to realize network data transmission and both work in TCPClient client mode. They realize remote device communication, cloud data upload and remote command issuance through the WIFI LAN TCP link and the 4G cellular network TCP link. The WIFI and USB 4G CAT1 wireless communication modules adopt the same TCP network data interaction architecture, support dual link redundancy backup. The application layer data interaction of the TCP / IP network communication channel adopts a custom general private communication protocol to complete remote status query, parameter configuration, early warning control and device linkage command transmission. ③ The MESH wireless module adopts the MESH self-organizing network serial communication channel for the networking and linkage of roadway equipment. It completes the networking data interaction through the original serial port message. Multiple devices can achieve roadway cascading, signal relay, and local networking linkage through the MESH wireless module. The MESH wireless module uses a proprietary communication protocol for data frame encapsulation and parsing to realize light signal synchronization, status synchronization, and linkage triggering between multiple devices. ④ The power line carrier to RS485 communication module adopts a power line carrier RS485 Modbus communication channel for industrial bus interface; the power line carrier RS485 Modbus communication channel realizes data reading and writing and equipment control based on the Modbus RTU standard protocol. Relying on the underground power supply line and RS485 differential bus, it realizes long-distance, strong anti-interference industrial-grade data interaction, supports standard Modbus register reading, writing, and batch acquisition operations, and directly connects to underground monitoring substations, bus sensors and linkage equipment.

10. The mine-use layered isolation intelligent linkage lighting indicator system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The protocol isolation transition is as follows: ① For the Bluetooth configuration channel and the local IO channel used for the 6-channel opto-isolated switch input interface of BLE low power Bluetooth: local parameters take effect directly and the Modbus register is updated synchronously; ② For the TCP / IP network communication channel used by the WIFI and USB 4G CAT1 wireless communication modules, a bidirectional conversion mechanism between the proprietary protocol and the Modbus RTU protocol is adopted. Specifically, the proprietary protocol control commands and network linkage commands sent from the remote end are parsed and mapped to the corresponding Modbus register read and write operations; local status data, operating parameters, fault information, and the light status on the main lighting board and signal light board are packaged through registers and converted into proprietary protocol messages, which are then uploaded upwards. ③ The MESH wireless module uses a MESH self-organizing network serial communication channel with a bidirectional conversion mechanism between a proprietary protocol with networking information and the Modbus RTU protocol. Specifically, proprietary protocol control commands and networking linkage commands sent from the remote end are parsed and mapped to corresponding Modbus register read / write operations; local status data, operating parameters, fault information, and the light status on the main lighting board and signal light board are packaged into proprietary protocol messages through registers and then uploaded upwards or forwarded to networking devices. ④ The power line carrier to RS485 communication module uses a power line carrier RS485 Modbus communication channel that natively supports the Modbus RTU protocol. The Modbus RTU master station can directly initiate register reading, parameter writing, device control, and status polling.

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