Solid target water-cooled target device with radial fin structure and impingement side outflow channel

Abstract

This invention discloses a solid target water-cooled target device employing a radial fin structure and an impact-type side-outlet flow channel, comprising a water-cooling component and a target holder. The water-cooling component forms a cooling chamber, with the back of the target holder facing this chamber. The central region of the upper surface of the target holder faces the beam inlet area, and a fin region consisting of several fins radially distributed outwards from the center is formed in this central region. These fins are arranged radially with the center of the back of the target holder as the origin. The water-cooling component has a cooling water inlet and an outlet. The cooling water inlet impacts the fin region on the back of the target holder perpendicularly in jet form, and the cooling water outlet is located on the side of the water-cooling component. This invention solves the problem of mismatch between the cooling water flow channel direction and the heat diffusion direction of the proton beam spot; it solves the problem of limited heat transfer surface area of ​​the cooling channel; and it solves the problem of insufficient mixing due to a lack of strong disturbance in the cooling water inlet and outlet paths.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical isotope production technology, and in particular to a solid target water-cooled target device that employs a radial fin structure and an impact-type side-outflow channel. Background Technology

[0002] In the production of medical radioisotopes (such as Cu-64) using cyclotron accelerators, high-energy proton beams bombard a solid target, triggering nuclear reactions and generating extremely high heat power density. If the heat cannot be dissipated quickly and effectively, it can lead to localized overheating of the target surface, melting, ablation, or alloying with the target substrate, severely impacting product purity and target recovery rate. Therefore, the thermal management capabilities of the target device directly determine the efficiency, safety, and economy of isotope production.

[0003] In existing solid target water cooling solutions, the cooling channels on the back of the target support mostly adopt simple straight, annular, or parallel fin structures. This type of design has the following main shortcomings: First, the direction of the cooling water flow channel does not match the direction of heat diffusion of the proton beam spot. The beam spot is usually a circular or elliptical Gaussian distribution with the highest heat flux density at the center. However, conventional flow channels cannot efficiently remove heat along the radial direction, resulting in the central hot spot temperature remaining high. Secondly, due to the large cross-sectional size of the flow channel and the limited heat transfer surface area, coupled with the predominantly laminar flow of the cooling water, it is difficult to effectively disrupt the thermal boundary layer, resulting in a low convective heat transfer coefficient. In other words, the predominantly laminar flow of the cooling water means that lateral mixing rarely occurs when the fluid flows near the surface, making it difficult to "break through" or "stir" this inefficient thermal boundary layer. Furthermore, due to the large cross-sectional size of the flow channel, the amount of surface area available for heat exchange is insufficient relative to the "volume" of the target material it can cool.

[0004] Third, the inlet and outlet paths of cooling water are mostly arranged on the same side or symmetrically. The water flow lacks strong directional changes and disturbances in the cavity, and cannot be fully mixed, which further limits the improvement of heat transfer capacity.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new target holder cooling structure to solve the aforementioned thermal management bottleneck. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention addresses the problems existing in the prior art by proposing a solid target water-cooled target device with a radial fin structure and an impact-type side-outlet flow channel. The first objective is to solve the mismatch between the cooling water flow channel direction and the heat diffusion direction of the proton beam spot. The second objective is to solve the problems of limited heat transfer surface area of ​​the cooling channel, predominantly laminar flow of the cooling water, low convective heat transfer coefficient, and difficulty in effectively disrupting the thermal boundary layer. The third objective is to solve the problem of insufficient turbulence in the cooling water inlet and outlet paths, which limits the improvement of heat transfer capacity.

[0007] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention proposes the following technical solutions: A solid target water-cooled target device employing a radial fin structure and an impact-type side-outflow channel, comprising... The water-cooled component (1) and the target holder (4) are composed of a water-cooled component (1) and a target holder (4); the water-cooled component (1) forms a cooling chamber inside, the back of the target holder (4) faces the cooling chamber, and the water-cooled component (1) and the target holder (4) are fastened together by bolts; the characteristic is that the central area of ​​the upper surface of the target holder (4) faces the area where the beam is injected, and a fin area composed of several fins (7) is processed in the central area in a radially distributed manner from the center outward, and the several fins (7) in the fin area are arranged radially with the center of the back of the target holder as the origin; The water-cooled component 1 is provided with a cooling water inlet (2) and a cooling water outlet (3); the cooling water inlet (2) is located on the water-cooled component (1), and its axis is aligned with the central area of ​​the back of the target support (4) in the cooling chamber, and it impacts the fin area on the back of the target support (4) vertically in the form of a jet, forming an extremely high local heat transfer coefficient at the stagnation point, and quickly carrying away the heat in the center of the beam spot; the cooling water outlet (3) is located on the side of the water-cooled component (1), and is arranged on one side of the axis of the cooling water inlet (2) and is connected to the cooling water inlet (2) at a 90-degree angle.

[0008] Furthermore, the size of the cooling water inlet (2) is matched with the size of the fin area.

[0009] Furthermore, the lower surface of the target holder (4) is provided with a target placement groove (5), which is used to place and fix the target. The target includes a silver-based target plated with Ni-64. The proton beam bombards the target along the beam direction (8), triggering a nuclear reaction and generating a large amount of heat.

[0010] Furthermore, the center of the upper surface of the target holder (4) is aligned with the center of the target placement groove (5), thereby ensuring that the fin radiation origin coincides with the center of the proton beam spot.

[0011] Furthermore, an O-ring placement area (6) is provided on the mating surface between the target holder (4) and the water-cooling component (1), with an O-ring inside to prevent cooling water leakage.

[0012] Furthermore, the target holder (4) is made of high thermal conductivity pure silver or oxygen-free copper to ensure low thermal resistance.

[0013] Furthermore, when the cooling water is vertically impacted by the cooling water inlet (2) in the form of a jet into the central area of ​​the back of the target holder (4) and quickly carries away the heat from the center of the beam spot, the water flows radially outward along the microchannels between the radial fins (7). The disturbance enhancement structure in the channel continuously destroys the boundary layer and strengthens convective heat transfer. Finally, the heated cooling water flows into the outer edge area of ​​the cooling chamber and is discharged from the side cooling water outlet (3). The cooling water undergoes multiple directional changes along the entire flow path, from axial vertical impact to radial splitting and then to side discharge, forming strong three-dimensional mixing, which greatly improves the overall heat dissipation efficiency. Advantages and effects of the present invention

[0014] 1. Significantly improves heat dissipation efficiency in the central area and solves the hot spot problem: By processing radial fins in the central area of ​​the back of the target holder and using cooling water inlet 2 to vertically impact the central area of ​​the back of the target holder in the form of a jet, an extremely high local heat transfer coefficient is formed at the stagnation point. This design can quickly remove the highest heat generated at the center of the proton beam spot, effectively solving the problem of persistently high central hot spot temperature in existing technologies.

[0015] 2. Optimized flow channel design to enhance convective heat transfer: Cooling water flows radially outward along the microchannels between the radial fins, enhancing the turbulence within the flow channel. These turbulences continuously disrupt the boundary layer, enhancing convective heat transfer and improving the utilization efficiency of the heat transfer surface area compared to simpler flow channels with larger dimensions.

[0016] 3. Achieving strong three-dimensional mixing and improving overall heat dissipation capacity: The cooling water undergoes multiple directional changes throughout its flow path, from axial vertical impact to radial splitting and then lateral discharge. This complex flow path creates strong three-dimensional mixing, which contrasts sharply with the lack of strong directional changes and disturbances in existing technologies, thereby greatly improving overall heat dissipation efficiency.

[0017] 4. Improve cooling water flow pattern and increase heat transfer coefficient: The combination of impingement cooling and radial flow can more effectively break the thermal boundary layer compared to a simple flow channel with only laminar flow, thereby improving the heat transfer coefficient.

[0018] 5. Precise alignment with the beam spot center improves target utilization and product purity: The central area of ​​the target holder's upper surface is aligned with the beam inflow area, and the fin radiation origin coincides with the proton beam spot center. This precise alignment ensures that the strongest cooling capacity is concentrated in the area with the highest heat, reducing melting, ablation, or alloying reactions of the target material due to overheating, which helps improve product purity and target recovery rate.

[0019] In summary, the advantages of this invention lie in its innovative radial fin structure, impact cooling, and lateral outlet design, which achieves efficient and uniform heat dissipation for high heat flux density solid targets, solving the key bottlenecks in thermal management of existing technologies, thereby improving the efficiency, safety, and economy of medical isotope production. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the solid target water-cooled target device according to an embodiment of the present invention; In the diagram: 1-Water-cooled component; 2-Cooling water inlet; 3-Cooling water outlet; 4-Target holder; 5-Target plate placement groove; 6-O-ring placement area; 7-Radial fins on the back of the target holder; 8-Beam direction. Detailed Implementation Innovation of this invention

[0021] 1. Unique overall structural design: The radial fin structure is cleverly combined with impact cooling and lateral discharge channels to form a highly efficient three-dimensional cooling system.

[0022] 2. Breakthrough in heat dissipation mechanism: By directly targeting hot spots through impact cooling, radial heat flow is guided by radial fins, and convective heat transfer is enhanced by microchannels, achieving efficient and uniform heat dissipation.

[0023] 3. Optimization of flow path: The forced water flow undergoes multiple changes in direction within the cooling chamber, generating strong turbulence and maximizing the heat transfer capacity of the cooling water.

[0024] The aforementioned innovations collectively address the main bottlenecks in thermal management in existing technologies, providing key technological support for the efficient and safe production of medical isotopes. Design principle of the invention

[0025] 1. Radial Fin Structure – Matching Heat Flow Diffusion Direction for Efficient Radial Heat Dissipation: The heat generated by the proton beam on the target material exhibits a Gaussian distribution, with the highest heat flux density in the central region, diffusing radially outwards. This invention incorporates radially distributed fins on the central region of the target support's back surface. The benefits are: First, optimized heat conduction path: The radial fin design is highly consistent with the radial diffusion direction of heat within the target support, efficiently conducting heat away along the fins and preventing heat accumulation in the central region. Second, increased heat exchange area: The fin structure significantly increases the heat exchange area between the target support's back surface and the cooling water, providing a wider channel for heat transfer. Third, guiding radial cooling water flow: Combined with the impact-type design of the cooling water inlet, the microchannels between the fins effectively guide the cooling water to flow radially outwards.

[0026] 2. Combination of Impact Cooling and Microchannels – Enhancing Local and Overall Convective Heat Transfer: Cooling water enters through a cooling water inlet aligned with the center of the target back surface, impacting the finned area on the target back surface in a jet-like manner. The effects are: First, extremely high local heat transfer coefficient: At the impact point (stagnation point), the high-speed water flow directly contacts the target surface, forming an extremely high local heat transfer coefficient, which can quickly remove the highest heat from the center of the beam spot, effectively solving the "hot spot" problem. Second, enhanced convective heat transfer in radial flow: After the jet impact, the cooling water flows radially along the microchannels between the radial fins. The restrictive design of the microchannels enhances the turbulence within the channel, continuously disrupting the thermal boundary layer, thereby enhancing convective heat transfer and significantly improving the heat transfer coefficient. Third, controlled flow regime: Compared to traditional large-section channels, the size of the microchannels is more conducive to maintaining turbulent or transitional flow regimes at lower flow rates, further improving heat transfer efficiency.

[0027] 3. Unique side cooling water outlet – achieving strong three-dimensional mixing and improving overall heat dissipation efficiency: The cooling water outlet is located on the side of the water-cooled component and is arranged on one side at a 90-degree angle to the cooling water inlet.

[0028] Its functions are as follows: First, multi-directional flow path: The cooling water undergoes multiple directional changes throughout its flow path, from axial vertical impact to radial splitting, and finally lateral discharge. Second, strong three-dimensional mixing: This multi-directional flow path change, especially the lateral outlet design perpendicular to the inlet, forces the cooling water to generate strong three-dimensional mixing within the chamber. This mixing effectively eliminates temperature stratification in the cooling water, allowing all the cooling water in the cooling chamber to fully participate in heat exchange, thereby maximizing overall heat dissipation efficiency. Third, avoiding dead zones: The lateral outlet design also effectively avoids dead zones in the cooling water flow that may occur with traditional same-side or symmetrical arrangements, ensuring uniform cooling effect.

[0029] 4. Other Design Features: The cooling water inlet size is matched with the fin area size to ensure the jet effectively covers the fin area, maximizing the impact cooling effect. The target placement groove is aligned with the center of the fin radiation origin, ensuring precise spatial alignment between the heat generated by the proton beam and the fin cooling structure, achieving optimal heat removal from the target material center. O-ring placement and O-ring seals ensure the sealing of the cooling chamber, preventing cooling water leakage and guaranteeing reliable operation of the device. High thermal conductivity material (pure silver or oxygen-free copper): The target holder uses a high thermal conductivity material, reducing its own thermal resistance, allowing heat to be transferred to the fin area more quickly for exchange with the cooling medium.

[0030] Based on the above design principles, this invention designs a solid target water-cooled target device employing a radial fin structure and an impact-type side-outflow channel, such as... Figure 1As shown, it consists of a water-cooled component 1 and a target holder 4. The water-cooled component 1 forms a cooling chamber inside, and the back of the target holder 4 faces the cooling chamber. The water-cooled component 1 and the target holder 4 are fastened together by bolts. The feature is that the central area of ​​the upper surface of the target holder 4 faces the area where the beam is injected, and a fin area composed of several fins 7 is processed in the central area, which is radially distributed from the center outward. The several fins 7 in the fin area are arranged radially with the center of the back of the target holder as the origin. The water-cooled component 1 is provided with a cooling water inlet 2 and a cooling water outlet 3. The cooling water inlet 2 is set on the water-cooled component 1, and its axis is aligned with the central area of ​​the back of the target holder 4 in the cooling chamber. It impacts the fin area on the back of the target holder 4 vertically in the form of a jet, forming an extremely high local heat transfer coefficient at the stagnation point, and quickly carrying away the heat from the center of the beam spot. The cooling water outlet 3 is set on the side of the water-cooled component 1 and is arranged on one side of the axis of the cooling water inlet 2, communicating with the cooling water inlet 2 at a 90-degree angle.

[0031] Furthermore, the size of the cooling water inlet 2 is matched with the size of the fin area.

[0032] Furthermore, the lower surface of the target holder 4 is provided with a target placement groove 5, which is used to place and fix the target. The target includes a silver-based target plated with Ni-64. The proton beam bombards the target along the beam direction 8, triggering a nuclear reaction and generating a large amount of heat.

[0033] Furthermore, the center of the upper surface of the target holder 4 is aligned with the center of the target plate placement groove 5, thereby ensuring that the fin radiation origin coincides with the center of the proton beam spot.

[0034] Furthermore, on the mating surface between the target holder 4 and the water-cooling component 1, there is an O-ring placement area 6 with an internal O-ring seal to prevent cooling water leakage.

[0035] Furthermore, the target holder 4 is made of high thermal conductivity pure silver or oxygen-free copper to ensure low thermal resistance.

[0036] Furthermore, when the cooling water is vertically impacted by the cooling water inlet 2 in the form of a jet into the central area of ​​the back of the target holder 4 and quickly carries away the heat from the center of the beam spot, the water flows radially outward along the microchannels between the radial fins 7. The disturbance enhancement structure in the channel continuously destroys the boundary layer and enhances convective heat transfer. Finally, the heated cooling water flows into the outer edge area of ​​the cooling chamber and is discharged from the side cooling water outlet 3. The cooling water undergoes multiple directional changes along the entire flow path, from axial vertical impact to radial splitting and then to side discharge, forming strong three-dimensional mixing, which greatly improves the overall heat dissipation efficiency.

[0037] It should be emphasized that the above specific embodiments are merely explanations of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to the above embodiments without contributing any inventive step, but as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, they are protected by patent law.

Claims

1. A solid target water-cooled target device employing a radial fin structure and an impact-type side-outflow channel, comprising... The device comprises a water-cooled component (1) and a target holder (4); the water-cooled component (1) has a cooling chamber inside, and the back of the target holder (4) faces the cooling chamber; the water-cooled component (1) and the target holder (4) are fastened together by bolts; its characteristic is that: The central area of ​​the upper surface of the target holder (4) faces the area where the beam is injected. A fin area consisting of several fins (7) is processed in the central area, which is radially distributed from the center outward. The fins (7) of the fin area are arranged radially with the center of the back of the target holder as the origin. The water-cooling component 1 is provided with a cooling water inlet (2) and a cooling water outlet (3). The cooling water inlet (2) is set on the water-cooling component (1), and its axis is aligned with the central area of ​​the back of the target holder (4) in the cooling chamber. It impacts the fin area on the back of the target holder (4) vertically in the form of a jet, forming an extremely high local heat transfer coefficient at the stagnation point, and quickly carrying away the heat in the center of the beam spot. The cooling water outlet (3) is set on the side of the water-cooling component (1) and is arranged on one side of the axis of the cooling water inlet (2), and is connected to the cooling water inlet (2) at a 90-degree angle.

2. The solid target water-cooled target device with radial fin structure and impact-type side-outflow channel as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The size of the cooling water inlet (2) is matched with the size of the fin area.

3. The solid target water-cooled target device with radial fin structure and impact-type side-outflow channel as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The lower surface of the target holder (4) is provided with a target placement groove (5), which is used to place and fix the target. The target includes a silver-based target plate electroplated with Ni-64. The proton beam bombards the target along the beam direction (8), triggering a nuclear reaction and generating a large amount of heat.

4. The solid target water-cooled target device with radial fin structure and impact-type side-outflow channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The center of the upper surface of the target holder (4) is aligned with the center of the target plate placement groove (5), thereby ensuring that the fin radiation origin coincides with the center of the proton beam spot.

5. A solid target water-cooled target device with a radial fin structure and an impact-type side-outflow channel as described in claim 1, characterized in that: On the mating surface between the target holder (4) and the water-cooling component (1), there is an O-ring placement area (6) with an internal O-ring seal to prevent cooling water leakage.

6. The solid target water-cooled target device with radial fin structure and impact-type side outlet flow channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The target holder (4) is made of high thermal conductivity pure silver or oxygen-free copper to ensure low thermal resistance.

7. A solid target water-cooled target device with a radial fin structure and an impact-type side-outflow channel as described in claim 1, characterized in that: When the cooling water is vertically impacted by the cooling water inlet (2) in the form of a jet into the central area of ​​the back of the target holder (4) and quickly carries away the heat from the center of the beam spot, the water flows radially outward along the microchannels between the radial fins (7). The disturbance enhancement structure in the channel continuously destroys the boundary layer and strengthens convective heat transfer. Finally, the heated cooling water flows into the outer edge area of ​​the cooling chamber and is discharged from the side cooling water outlet (3). The cooling water undergoes multiple directional changes along the entire flow path, from axial vertical impact to radial splitting and then to side discharge, forming strong three-dimensional mixing, which greatly improves the overall heat dissipation efficiency.

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