Method for modifying a composite material of a fibre reinforced polymer resin and method for adhering a part of a wind turbine blade or nacelle to a second surface by means of said polymer resin

Abstract

A method of modifying a composite of a fibre-reinforced polymer resin, in particular a composite of a fibre-reinforced polymer resin constituting a wind turbine blade, nacelle or a part thereof, is described. The method comprises providing a composite of a fibre-reinforced polymer resin, wherein the polymer resin is obtained from a resin composition comprising an epoxy component, an amine component and a (meth)acrylate component, and heating the composite to a temperature in the range of 150 to 200 °C. Furthermore, a method of adhering a part of a wind turbine blade or nacelle to a second surface by means of the polymer resin is described.

Description

Invention Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wind turbine blades and nacelles, and particularly to a method for modifying composite materials of fiber-reinforced polymer resins constituting wind turbine blades, nacelles, or a part thereof. Background Technology

[0002] Wind power is considered one of the cleanest and most environmentally friendly energy sources available today, and wind turbines have received increasing attention in order to utilize this energy. A modern wind turbine typically consists of a tower, generator, gearbox, nacelle, and one or more rotor blades. The rotor blades capture the kinetic energy of the wind and transfer it as rotational energy to rotate the shaft that connects the rotor blades to the gearbox or directly to the generator. The generator then converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy that can be fed into the power grid.

[0003] Various components of wind turbines, such as turbine blades or nacelles, are typically made of composite materials of (glass) fiber-reinforced polymer resins. Commonly used methods for producing such composites include vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM), in which liquid or flowable resin is injected into a mold under a vacuum. For this purpose, low-viscosity resins are typically used, which reduces the cycle time for component manufacturing. Furthermore, the recycling and reprocessing of composite materials are becoming increasingly important issues.

[0004] Epoxyamine resins are commonly used as resin starting materials in industry. Their chemical properties are versatile for applications in wind turbine blades and components because of their outstanding mechanical properties, and their physical properties can be tuned to suit vacuum infusion processes that require low viscosity and long pot life, ideally combined with rapid curing. A disadvantage of epoxyamine resins is their reaction enthalpy and its release mechanism. This can lead to very high temperatures in thick components and insulating areas.

[0005] Despite the numerous advantages of ethylene oxide-based resins, challenges exist in the handling, post-treatment, maintenance, and end-of-life of cured structures.

[0006] Conventional resin systems cannot be reshaped or bonded without the use of adhesives. Furthermore, recycling conventional epoxyamine resins is difficult, and no cost-competitive method has yet been identified.

[0007] For example, if geometric deviations exist, they must be accepted or the structure must be rebuilt, defects such as delamination or cracks must be removed, and the structure must be rebuilt with specialized resins for post-treatment. The same applies to damage during operation, where overlamination or removal and reconstruction may be necessary. End-of-life disposal is also difficult. Few recycling technologies are available, but those are less suitable for recycling glass-reinforced composite structures because the cost of the recycling process exceeds the value of the recycled materials.

[0008] Therefore, it may be necessary to further improve the epoxy amine-based resins used in the production of wind turbine blades or other components of wind turbines, particularly in terms of reprocessability, recyclability and adhesion. Invention Overview This need can be met by the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.

[0010] According to one aspect of the invention, a method is provided for modifying (e.g., thermoforming, welding, healing, repairing, and / or recycling) a composite material of a fiber-reinforced polymer resin (constituting a wind turbine blade, nacelle, or part thereof), the method comprising providing a composite material of a fiber-reinforced polymer resin, wherein the polymer resin is obtained from a resin composition comprising an epoxy component, an amine component, and a (meth)acrylate component, and heating the composite material to a temperature in the range of 150 to 200°C (so that the composite material can be thermoformed, welded, repaired, repaired, and / or recycled).

[0011] According to another aspect of the invention, a method is provided for adhering a portion of a wind turbine blade or nacelle to a second surface, the method comprising providing a polymer resin obtained from a resin composition comprising an epoxy component, an amine component and a (meth)acrylate component at a first surface of the wind turbine blade or nacelle, heating the polymer resin to a temperature in the range of 150 to 200°C (causing the polymer resin to melt), applying (and optionally pressing together) the second surface to the first surface, wherein at least a portion of the (heated) polymer resin is located at the first surface.

[0012] According to another aspect of the invention, the use of a polymer resin obtained from a resin composition comprising an epoxy component, an amine component and a (meth)acrylate component is provided as a hot melt adhesive.

[0013] These aspects of the invention are particularly based on the discovery that the introduction of acrylates or related chemical motifs (such as methacrylates or itaconic acid esters) into epoxy amine resins results in the formation of a network with new chemical motifs, which are formed via an azira-Michael reaction of the acrylates with amines. The azira-Michael reaction is faster than the epoxy-amine reaction and forms oligomers before these oligomers further react with the epoxy resin.

[0014] The aza-Michael reaction is reversible at elevated temperatures. This property introduces dynamic behavior into the network. With the introduction of carboxylic esters, transesterification with hydroxyl groups from the epoxide ring-opening is also possible. At room temperature, the equilibrium lies on one side of the cross-linked aza-Michael network, but at temperatures above 150°C, the equilibrium shifts more towards the reverse reaction, producing acrylates and amines. Other possible reactions are transesterification. The temperature-dependent dynamic behavior of the reverse and forward reactions at equilibrium is a known characteristic of dissociative covalent adaptable networks, while transesterification is known for bound covalent adaptable networks. Various chemistries providing the same properties have been described in the literature and patents, but these have drawbacks such as high-cost components, reduced mechanical properties, excessively low Tg, or increased viscosity.

[0015] The dynamic behavior of the network introduces a variety of new properties into the composite structure of blades or general wind turbine components. Geometric deviations can be corrected in the thermoforming process, and smaller blade components (e.g., root sections) can be pre-assembled. Minor repairs to cracks can be completed by welding.

[0016] New recycling methods can be applied, which can operate under much milder conditions and are more cost-effective. In addition to established recycling principles, recycling through thermoforming for new parts represents a new option and opportunity for end-of-life disposal.

[0017] The inventors have discovered that in epoxy-acrylate-amine chemistry, a 20% substitution of the epoxy portion introduces some thermoforming and weldability properties, with the most significant dynamic properties observed in the case of 50% or more acrylate (e.g., 80% or 90% acrylate).

[0018] Low amounts of acrylates, in the same range as epoxy reactive diluents in conventional formulations, allow for easy implementation by replacing epoxy reactive diluents with similar acrylates.

[0019] Current blade infusion resin systems typically consist of 20-30% reactive diluent in the epoxy component to achieve sufficiently low viscosity for smooth infusion. Replacing the reactive diluent with acrylate allows for maintaining low viscosity while introducing dynamic properties. Furthermore, the mechanical properties still meet the requirements for wind turbine blade manufacturing. At a 20% acrylate level, some reprocessability is achieved, which increases with the acrylate content up to 50%.

[0020] A further surprising finding is that the dynamic acrylate epoxyamine resin proposed in this paper adheres well to other surfaces, as well as to composites based on conventional epoxyamine resins. This can be used for the repair of conventional blades and the modification of blades in operation. Invention Details The details of the invention and its other features and advantages will be described below. However, the invention is not limited to the specific description below, but is used for illustrative purposes only.

[0022] It should be noted that features described in conjunction with an exemplary embodiment or aspect may be combined with any other exemplary embodiment or aspect. In particular, features described in conjunction with any exemplary embodiment of the method may be combined with any other exemplary embodiment of the method and any exemplary embodiment of the use, and vice versa, unless otherwise expressly stated.

[0023] When referring to a singular term, the use of an indefinite or definite article, such as “a,” “an,” or “the,” also includes the plural form of the term, and vice versa, unless otherwise explicitly stated.

[0024] As used in this article, the word "contains" includes not only the meaning of "containing", "including", or "containing", but also "basically composed of" and "composed of".

[0025] Unless otherwise expressly stated, the expressions “at least partially”, “at least partially” or “at least (a) part” as used herein may refer to at least 5%, in particular at least 10%, in particular at least 15%, in particular at least 20%, in particular at least 25%, in particular at least 30%, in particular at least 35%, in particular at least 40%, in particular at least 45%, in particular at least 50%, in particular at least 55%, in particular at least 60%, in particular at least 65%, in particular at least 70%, in particular at least 75%, in particular at least 80%, in particular at least 85%, in particular at least 90%, in particular at least 95%, in particular at least 98%, and may also refer to 100%.

[0026] In a first aspect, a method is provided for creating a composite material of a modified fiber-reinforced polymer resin. The fiber-reinforced polymer resin composite material can be incorporated into or constitute a wind turbine blade, nacelle, or part thereof.

[0027] As used herein, the term "composite material" can specifically refer to a material made of two or more constituent materials with different physical or chemical properties, which, when combined in a composite material, produce a material with properties different from those of the individual components. Composite materials can include fibrous materials, such as glass fibers and / or carbon fibers, as well as polymer resins.

[0028] The polymer resin is obtained from a resin composition comprising an epoxy component, an amine component, and a (meth)acrylate component, which will be described in further detail below. The resin composition can be used in a vacuum infusion process and is therefore also referred to as an infusion resin. However, the polymer resin can also be prepared or used in methods other than vacuum infusion.

[0029] As used herein, the term "composition" can specifically refer to a composition in which the components (ingredients) are close to each other and / or the components are (vigorously) mixed, for example, by using a mixer, agitator, and / or by shaking, thereby forming the composition. In particular, the components of the composition can be uniformly distributed or dispersed throughout the composition. The composition can be, in particular, a semi-solid (paste) or liquid, especially a liquid solution or a semi-solid or liquid suspension.

[0030] As used herein, the term "resin composition" may specifically refer to a composition comprising or consisting primarily of a resin or resin component that may chemically react with some of each other (e.g., polymerization or crosslinking) to cure or harden, which is typically induced by thermal energy (e.g., heating) or electromagnetic radiation.

[0031] In the modification method, the fiber-reinforced polymer resin composite is heated to a temperature in the range of 150 to 200°C, particularly in the range of 160 to 190°C. At these elevated temperatures, reactions and / or reverse reactions, such as the aza-Michael reaction, the retro-aza-Michael reaction, transesterification, etc., can occur in the polymer resin, making the composite flexible and capable of being thermoformed, welded, repaired, patched, and / or recycled.

[0032] In one embodiment, the modification method includes at least one of thermoforming, welding, repairing, patching, and recycling of fiber-reinforced polymer resin composites. Therefore, fiber-reinforced polymer resin composites can be modified in a variety of ways.

[0033] In one embodiment, the modification method includes a method for thermoforming fiber-reinforced polymer resin composites. Thermoforming methods, i.e., thermoforming processes, can allow for the correction of geometric deviations or defects in already molded fiber-reinforced polymer resin composites.

[0034] In one embodiment, the modification method includes a method of welding fiber-reinforced polymer resin composites. In such welding methods, small cracks, for example, in wind turbine blades can be repaired. Surprisingly, polymer resins derived from resin compositions comprising epoxy, amine, and (meth)acrylate components can not only be welded onto the surface of the same composite material but also exhibit adhesion to other materials, such as composites based on conventional epoxy amine resin systems. This is highly advantageous because existing components of wind turbines based on conventional epoxy amine resin systems can also be welded or repaired.

[0035] In one embodiment, the modification method includes a method for repairing fiber-reinforced polymer resin composites. In such repair methods, small cracks or scratches in, for example, wind turbine blades can be repaired, particularly in a self-healing manner.

[0036] In one embodiment, the modification method includes a method for repairing a composite material of fiber-reinforced polymer resin.

[0037] In one embodiment, the modification method includes a method for recycling fiber-reinforced polymer resin composites. Such recycling methods may include thermoforming processes in which used components of wind turbine plates or nacelles are reshaped and thus recycled through thermoforming. Such recycling methods may also include partial decomposition of the composite material, for example under mildly acidic conditions, to produce oligomers or polymer fragments that can be reused in the production of other polymers.

[0038] In a second aspect, a method is provided for adhering a portion of a wind turbine blade or nacelle to a second surface.

[0039] In the adhesion method, a polymeric resin obtained from a resin composition comprising an epoxy component, an amine component, and a (meth)acrylate component is applied to a first surface of a portion of a wind turbine blade or nacelle. The polymeric resin may be applied to the first surface and / or the first surface may (already) contain a polymeric resin or be made of a composite material of fiber-reinforced polymeric resin.

[0040] In one embodiment, in addition to being applied to or instead of being applied to the first surface, a polymeric resin derived from a resin composition comprising an epoxy component, an amine component, and a (meth)acrylate component may also be applied to the second surface.

[0041] In adhesion methods, the polymer resin is heated to temperatures ranging from 150 to 200°C, particularly from 160 to 190°C. At these elevated temperatures, reactions and / or reverse reactions, such as the azira-Michael reaction, the reverse azira-Michael reaction, transesterification, etc., can occur in the polymer resin, making it adhesive.

[0042] Subsequently, a second surface (a component to be adhered to a portion of the wind turbine blade or nacelle and having the second surface) is applied to the first surface, wherein at least a portion of the (heated) polymer resin is located at the first surface. Optionally, the first and second surfaces (or corresponding components and parts) can be pressed together. The second surface can be a metal, a composite material, particularly a composite material of fiber-reinforced polymer resins (e.g., conventional epoxyamine resins or epoxyamine acrylate resins), or wood, such as balsa wood.

[0043] In another aspect, the use of a polymer resin derived from a resin composition comprising an epoxy component, an amine component and a (meth)acrylate component as a hot melt adhesive is provided.

[0044] Further details of the resin compositions are provided below, and these details are applicable to all aspects of the invention.

[0045] The resin composition contains an epoxy component. There are no particular limitations on the epoxy component, and any suitable example conventional in the field of epoxy-amine infusion resins can be used. The epoxy component is characterized in particular by containing one or more epoxy functional groups.

[0046] In one embodiment, the epoxy component is selected from glycidyl ethers, glycidyl esters, glycidyl amines, divinylbenzene dioxide, alicyclic epoxides, and combinations thereof.

[0047] In one embodiment, the epoxy component is selected from bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, bisphenol S diglycidyl ether, bisphenol E diglycidyl ether, bisphenol Z diglycidyl ether, bisphenol C diglycidyl ether, bisphenol AP diglycidyl ether, triphenol PA triglycidyl ether, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl diglycidyl ether, 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone diglycidyl ether, and hydrogenated forms of the listed substances (versions) and combinations thereof.

[0048] In one embodiment, the epoxy component is selected from butanediol diglycidyl ether, hexanediol diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, fatty alcohol glycidyl ethers (saturated, unsaturated, C8-C24, straight-chain or branched, single substance or mixture), 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl tert-carbonate and similar fatty acid glycidyl esters (saturated, unsaturated, C8-C24, straight-chain or branched, single substance or mixture), epoxidized phenolic varnish, epoxidized cresol varnish, triglycidyl-p-aminophenol, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, diglycidyl ether of cyclohexanediol, and polyoxypropylene. Diglycidyl ether, diglycidyl ether of polyoxyethylene, triglycidyl ether of propoxylated glycerol, monoglycidyl ether of p-tert-butylphenol, diglycidyl hexahydrophthalic acid, phenol glycidyl ether, cashew phenol glycidyl ether, cresol glycidyl ether, resorcinol diglycidyl ether, vanillin-based epoxy resins and their dimers or oligomers, eugenol epoxy resins and their dimers or oligomers, limonene oxide or dioxide, epoxidized sorbitol, epoxidized fatty acids, 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan diglycidyl ether, difurandiol diglycidyl ether, triglycidyl ether of castor oil, tetraglycidyl ether of m-phenylenediamine, and combinations thereof.

[0049] In one embodiment, the epoxy component is a combination of epoxy components mentioned in this application.

[0050] The resin composition also contains an amine component. This amine component is not particularly limited and any suitable example commonly used in the field of epoxy-amine infusion resins can be used. The amine component is characterized in particular by containing one or more amine functional groups.

[0051] In one embodiment, the amine component is selected from aliphatic polyamines, aryl aliphatic polyamines, alicyclic polyamines, alkanolamines, polyether polyamines, and combinations thereof.

[0052] In one embodiment, the amine component is selected from cyclohexylamine, methylcyclohexylamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, isophorone diamine, cyclohexane diamine, methylcyclohexane diamine, N-aminoethylpiperazine, menthane diamine, 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, diaminodicyclohexylmethane, diaminodimethyldicyclohexylmethane, N-(3-aminopropyl)cyclohexylamine, and combinations thereof.

[0053] In one embodiment, the amine component is selected from diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, dipropylenediamine, diethylaminopropylamine, alkane diamines (propylenediamine, butanediamine, pentanediamine, hexanediamine, heptanediamine, octanediamine, nonanediamine, decanedanediamine, undecanediamine, dodecanediamine and longer-chain diamines and isomers, such as neopentanediamine, isobutanediamine) and combinations thereof.

[0054] In one embodiment, the amine component is selected from polyamide amines, polyamide imidazoles, polyaminoimidazolium, Mannich basic amines, phenalkamines, and combinations thereof.

[0055] In one embodiment, the amine component is selected from amine-terminated polyethylene glycol, amine-terminated polypropylene glycol, amine-terminated polybutane glycol, amine-terminated mixed polyalkylene glycols, dioxadodecanediamine, amine-terminated glyceryl polyethylene glycol, and combinations thereof.

[0056] In one embodiment, the amine component is a combination of the amine components mentioned in this application.

[0057] The resin composition also comprises a (meth)acrylate component. The (meth)acrylate component is characterized in that it contains one or more (meth)acrylate functional groups. An acrylate component, i.e., containing one or more acrylate functional groups, is preferred, but a methacrylate component, i.e., containing one or more methacrylate functional groups, may also be used. A mixed (meth)acrylate component containing one or more acrylate functional groups and one or more methacrylate functional groups may also be used.

[0058] The term “(meth)acrylate” encompasses acrylates and / or methacrylates. As used herein, the terms “acrylate” and “methacrylate” correspond to their generally accepted meanings. Acrylates may be represented by the general formula “H₂C=CH-C(=O)-”, and methacrylates may be represented by the general formula “H₂C=C(CH₃)-C(=O)-”. Acrylates may also encompass itaconic acid esters.

[0059] In one embodiment, the (meth)acrylate component comprises one, two, three, four or more (meth)acrylate functional groups.

[0060] In one embodiment, the (meth)acrylate component is selected from diol diacrylate, butanediol diacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, dimethyl itaconic acid, dibutyl itaconic acid, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, tricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]decanediethanol diacrylate, and combinations thereof.

[0061] In one embodiment, the (meth)acrylate component is selected from methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, pentyl acrylate, isoamyl acrylate, neopentyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, decyl acrylate and longer-chain alkyl acrylates and their isomers, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate, tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol diacrylate, tricyclodecane methanol acrylate, caprolactone acrylate, cyclotrimethylolpropane methyl acetal acrylate, 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl acrylate, and isobornyl.

[0062] In one embodiment, the (meth)acrylate component is selected from glycol diacrylate, butanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, decanediol diacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, propylene glycol diacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, tricyclodecanediethanol diacrylate, and urethaneacrylates.

[0063] In one embodiment, (meth)acrylate is a combination of (meth)acrylates mentioned in this application.

[0064] In one embodiment, the (meth)acrylate is an epoxy acrylate. In another embodiment, the (meth)acrylate is an acrylated epoxy component derived from the epoxy component mentioned in this application.

[0065] In one embodiment, the (meth)acrylate component is selected from trimethylolpropane triacrylate, triglyceride triacrylate, tri(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate triacrylate, soybean oil epoxy acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate, and pentaerythritol tetraacrylate.

[0066] In one embodiment, the (meth)acrylate component is a combination of the (meth)acrylate components mentioned in this application, particularly the aforementioned (meth)acrylate components.

[0067] In one embodiment, the epoxy component and / or amine component and / or (meth)acrylate component are provided and / or present in the presence or absence of a catalyst, such as, but not limited to, imidazole-based catalysts, tertiary amines, metal and metal salt catalysts, organometallic catalysts, enzyme and protein catalysts, and combinations thereof.

[0068] In one embodiment, the resin composition comprises at least one catalyst selected from imidazole-based catalysts, tertiary amines, metal and metal salt catalysts, organometallic catalysts, enzyme and protein catalysts, and combinations thereof.

[0069] In one embodiment, the epoxy component and / or amine component and / or (meth)acrylate component are provided and / or present in the presence of additives, such as, but not limited to, wetting agents, coupling agents, nano and micro fillers, defoamers, degassing agents, and combinations thereof.

[0070] In one embodiment, the resin composition comprises at least one additive, which is a wetting agent, a coupling agent, a nano- or micro-sized filler, a defoamer, or a degassing agent. The at least one additive may be a combination of the above-mentioned additives.

[0071] In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the (meth)acrylate component is in the range of 10 to 50 mol%, and the molar ratio of the epoxy component is in the range of 50 to 90 mol%, each based on 100 mol% of the amine component. In other words, for every 100 mol% of the amine component, the resin composition may contain 50 to 90 mol% of the epoxy component and 10 to 50 mol% of the (meth)acrylate component. The total amount of the epoxy component and the (meth)acrylate component may specifically be 100 mol%. An excess of the amine component may also be present compared to the total amount of the epoxy component and the (meth)acrylate component. For example, the composition may also contain 100 to 200 mol% of the amine component, 50 to 90 mol% of the epoxy component, and 10 to 50 mol% of the (meth)acrylate component.

[0072] In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the (meth)acrylate component to the epoxy component is in the range of 1:9 to 1:1, particularly in the range of 1:5 to 1:2.

[0073] In short, by simply modifying an epoxyamine resin system with (meth)acrylate, the resin system exhibits some viscous flow at high temperatures. Depending on the desired process—thermoforming, welding, repair—the process window will be 150–200°C. Interestingly, it was found that this new resin system can not only be welded to surfaces composed of the same or similar composition, but also exhibits adhesion to other materials, such as composites based on conventional epoxyamine resin systems.

[0074] Weldability and healability allow for new manufacturing processes with more modular approaches to assembling blades, and also enable new methods for repairing blades. In both cases, conventional or more generally non-dynamic resin systems are combined with novel dynamic epoxy-acrylate-amine systems.

[0075] Furthermore, the new resin system offers several advantages during decommissioning. New recycling methods are possible, utilizing large, thin laminates to thermoform them into new parts. When ground into powder, the powder can be melted into new shapes and parts in a thermoplastic-like process. Chemical recycling is easier than with conventional epoxyamine resins.

[0076] Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and examples, it should be understood that the invention is not limited thereto, and various changes and modifications are possible without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for producing a composite material of a modified fiber-reinforced polymer resin, the method comprising: A composite material is provided that is a fiber-reinforced polymer resin, wherein the polymer resin is obtained from a resin composition comprising an epoxy component, an amine component and a (meth)acrylate component; The composite material is heated to a temperature in the range of 150 to 200°C.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the modification method comprises at least one of thermoforming, welding, repairing, patching, and recycling the fiber-reinforced polymer resin composite material.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the modification method comprises a method of thermoforming the composite material of the fiber-reinforced polymer resin.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the modification method comprises a method of welding the composite material of the fiber-reinforced polymer resin.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the modification method includes a method for repairing the composite material of the fiber-reinforced polymer resin.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the modification method comprises a method of repairing the composite material of the fiber-reinforced polymer resin.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the modification method comprises a method of recycling the composite material of the fiber-reinforced polymer resin.

8. A method for adhering a portion of a wind turbine blade or nacelle to a second surface, the method comprising: Provided on a first surface of a wind turbine blade or a portion of a nacelle a polymer resin derived from a resin composition comprising an epoxy component, an amine component and a (meth)acrylate component; The polymer resin is heated to a temperature in the range of 150 to 200°C. The second surface is applied to the first surface, wherein at least a portion of the polymer resin is located on the first surface.

9. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the epoxy component is selected from glycidyl ethers, glycidyl esters, glycidyl amines, divinylbenzene dioxide, alicyclic epoxides, and combinations thereof.

10. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the amine component is selected from aliphatic polyamines, aryl aliphatic polyamines, alicyclic polyamines, alkanolamines, polyether polyamines, and combinations thereof.

11. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the (meth)acrylate component is selected from diol diacrylate, butanediol diacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, dimethyl itaconic acid, dibutyl itaconic acid, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, tricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]decanediethanol diacrylate, and combinations thereof.

12. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the molar ratio of the (meth)acrylate component is in the range of 10 to 50 mol%, and the molar ratio of the epoxy component is in the range of 50 to 90 mol%, each based on 100 mol% of amine component.

13. Use of a polymeric resin derived from a resin composition comprising an epoxy component, an amine component and a (meth)acrylate component as a hot melt adhesive.