Stateless replay attack mitigation in network protocols

Abstract

A data communication network includes a sending node and a receiving node. The sending node includes a sending controller and a communication interface, and the receiving node includes a receiving controller and a communication interface. The sending controller is configured to maintain a synchronized sending clock, generate a sending timestamp based on the synchronized sending clock, include the sending timestamp in a message, and send the message to the receiving node. The receiving controller is configured to maintain a synchronized receiving clock, receive the message from the sending node, generate a receiving timestamp based on the synchronized receiving clock, and determine whether a difference between the timestamps is greater than a first threshold and less than a second threshold, and if so, determine that the message was correctly received. The synchronized sending clock is synchronized with the synchronized receiving clock.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention generally relates to the field of wireless communication systems, and more specifically, to mitigation of stateless replay attacks in network protocols. Furthermore, this invention specifically relates to a data communication network and a method for using said data communication network. Background Technology

[0002] Replay attacks pose a significant threat to the security of communication systems, involving malicious actors intercepting and retransmitting legitimate messages. Such attacks compromise the integrity and confidentiality of data in transit, thus highlighting the crucial role of security protocols in protecting digital communications. In the context of security protocols, traditional methods, such as the use of sequence numbers in the IPsec protocol, have been used to mitigate replay attacks. In the traditional method used in IPsec, the sender maintains the next sequence number for each connection, and the receiver compares the sequence number with the expected value upon receiving a message. While using sequence numbers effectively mitigates replay attacks, it also presents challenges, particularly in terms of memory consumption. For each connection, both the sender and receiver need to maintain per-connection state, which involves storing the highest received sequence number and a list of sequence numbers within a window (bitmap). This extensive per-connection state management leads to significant memory overhead in systems with a large number of connections. Therefore, traditional methods face challenges in terms of memory consumption and per-connection state management, and a technical problem exists: how to achieve replay attack protection with minimal memory usage and provide an efficient and scalable solution for communication systems handling a large number of connections.

[0003] Therefore, given the above discussion, it is necessary to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks associated with traditional methods in order to achieve replay attack mitigation with minimal space requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a data communication network and a corresponding method for using the data communication network. Furthermore, this invention provides a transmitting node and a corresponding method for using the transmitting node. Additionally, this invention provides a receiving node and a corresponding method for using the receiving node. This invention provides a solution to address existing problems faced by conventional methods for mitigating replay attacks. The object of this invention is to provide a solution that at least partially overcomes the problems encountered in the prior art, and to provide an improved data communication network and an improved method for using the data communication network. This invention also provides an improved transmitting node and an improved method for using the transmitting node. This invention further provides an improved receiving node and an improved method for using the receiving node.

[0005] One or more objects of the invention are achieved by means of the solutions provided in the appended independent claims. Advantageous implementations of the invention are further defined in the dependent claims.

[0006] In one aspect, the present invention provides a data communication network including a sending node and a receiving node, wherein the sending node includes a sending controller and a communication interface, and the receiving node includes a receiving controller and a communication interface, wherein the sending controller is configured to: maintain a synchronous sending clock to generate a sending timestamp T1 based on the synchronous sending clock, include the sending timestamp in a message, and send the message to the receiving node through the communication interface of the sending node; wherein the receiving controller is configured to: maintain a synchronous receiving clock; receive the message from the sending node through the communication interface of the receiving node; generate a receiving timestamp T2 based on the synchronous receiving clock; determine whether the difference between the receiving timestamp and the sending timestamp is greater than a first threshold E1 and less than a second threshold E2, and if so, determine that the message has been correctly received, wherein the synchronous sending clock is synchronized with the synchronous receiving clock.

[0007] The data communication network of this invention implements synchronized clocks in both the sending and receiving nodes to ensure precise time alignment, facilitating accurate timestamp marking and coordinated data transmission. Dynamically adjusting the threshold error level based on real-time measurement and latency considerations enhances the network's adaptability to changing conditions, contributing to improved accuracy and reliability of message reception. The data communication network's responsiveness to measurement messages and periodic measurement processes further supports dynamic threshold adjustment. Furthermore, the introduction of a timestamp integrity protection mechanism enhances data security, ensuring the trustworthiness of transmitted information. Therefore, the data communication network helps maintain responsiveness and data integrity, thus providing a robust and efficient foundation for reliable data communication.

[0008] In one implementation, the receiving controller is further configured to: discard the message if the difference between the receiving timestamp and the sending timestamp is less than the first threshold E1 or greater than the second threshold E2.

[0009] By discarding messages whose timestamps are outside the defined time range, data communication networks proactively mitigate potential errors, which helps prevent the processing of unreliable or outdated data, thereby improving the overall accuracy of the data communication network.

[0010] In another implementation, the receiving controller is further configured to determine the first threshold and the second threshold by periodically or repeatedly sending measurement messages and recording the time required to send these measurement messages, and determining a first threshold error level and a second threshold error level based on the time required to send the measurement messages.

[0011] By assessing the time required to send measurement messages, data communication networks can adjust error thresholds in real time to adapt to changes in network conditions, thereby ensuring that the thresholds remain relevant and effective even in dynamic or changing environments.

[0012] In another implementation, the second threshold error level represents the maximum time difference of message transmission, and the first threshold error level E1 represents the minimum time difference of message transmission.

[0013] The dual-threshold method allows for fine-grained control over message transmission time acceptance criteria. By defining both E1 and E2 thresholds, data communication networks can distinguish between messages that are transmitted too quickly or too slowly, thereby achieving precise error handling.

[0014] In another implementation, the receiving controller is further configured to determine the first threshold error level and the second threshold error level by measuring the delay L of sending the measurement message, and to determine that: the first threshold error level E1 is –(e–L) min The second threshold error level E2 is e+L. max , where L min For minimum delay, L max 'e' represents the maximum delay, and 'e' represents the error value indicating the acceptable error range.

[0015] By introducing an acceptable error range (e) into the threshold calculation, data communication networks become more adaptable to changes in latency, enabling them to handle latency-related issues more finely and flexibly, achieving a balance between sensitivity and tolerance.

[0016] In one implementation, the transmitting controller is configured to: receive the measurement message from the receiving node through the communication interface of the transmitting node; generate a second transmitting timestamp T3 based on the synchronous receiving clock; and transmit the second transmitting timestamp T3 to the receiving node in a measurement response message through the communication interface of the transmitting node. The receiving controller is further configured to: receive the measurement response message; generate a second receiving timestamp T4 for the time the measurement response message is received; determine the second threshold error level as a value greater than T4–T3; and determine the first threshold error level as a value less than T4–T3.

[0017] The bidirectional exchange of timestamps between the sending and receiving nodes provides a more comprehensive view of the communication process, allowing both nodes to know the time required for a message to be transmitted between the sending and receiving nodes.

[0018] In another aspect, a method for a data communication network, the data communication network including a sending node and a receiving node, wherein the method includes: the sending node: maintaining a synchronous sending clock, generating a sending timestamp T1 based on the synchronous sending clock, including the sending timestamp in a message, and sending the message to the receiving node; the receiving node: maintaining a synchronous receiving clock, receiving the message from the sending node through the communication interface of the receiving node, generating a receiving timestamp T2 based on the synchronous receiving clock, determining whether the difference between the receiving timestamp and the sending timestamp is greater than a first threshold error level and less than a second threshold error level, and if so, determining that the message has been correctly received, wherein the synchronous sending clock is synchronized with the synchronous receiving clock.

[0019] The method described herein achieves all the advantages and technical effects of the data communication network of the present invention.

[0020] In another aspect, a sending node is provided for operation in a data communication network, the data communication network including the sending node and a receiving node, wherein the sending node includes a sending controller and a communication interface, wherein the sending controller is configured to: maintain a synchronous sending clock, generate a sending timestamp T1 based on the synchronous sending clock, include the sending timestamp in a message, and send the message to the receiving node through the communication interface of the sending node.

[0021] The sending node achieves all the advantages and technical effects of the data communication network of the present invention.

[0022] In another aspect, a method for a sending node, the sending node being used to operate in a data communication network including the sending node and a receiving node, wherein the method includes: maintaining a synchronous sending clock, generating a sending timestamp T1 based on the synchronous sending clock, including the sending timestamp in a message, and sending the message to the receiving node through the communication interface of the sending node.

[0023] The method for sending nodes achieves all the advantages and technical effects of the data communication network of the present invention.

[0024] In another aspect, a receiving node for operation in a data communication network, the data communication network including a sending node and the receiving node, wherein the receiving node includes a receiving controller and a communication interface, wherein the receiving controller is configured to: maintain a synchronous receiving clock, receive a message including a sending timestamp T1 from the sending node through the communication interface of the receiving node, generate a receiving timestamp T2 based on the synchronous receiving clock, determine whether the difference between the receiving timestamp and the sending timestamp is greater than a first threshold error level and less than a second threshold error level, and if so, determine that the message has been correctly received, wherein the synchronous sending clock is synchronized with the synchronous receiving clock.

[0025] The receiving node achieves all the advantages and technical effects of the data communication network of the present invention.

[0026] In another aspect, a method for a receiving node, the receiving node being used to operate in a data communication network including a sending node and the receiving node, wherein the method includes: maintaining a synchronous receiving clock; receiving a message including a sending timestamp T1 from the sending node through the communication interface of the receiving node; generating a receiving timestamp T2 based on the synchronous receiving clock; determining whether the difference between the receiving timestamp and the sending timestamp is greater than a first threshold error level and less than a second threshold error level; if so, determining that the message has been correctly received, wherein the synchronous sending clock is synchronized with the synchronous receiving clock.

[0027] The method for receiving nodes achieves all the advantages and technical effects of the data communication network of the present invention.

[0028] It should be understood that all of the above implementation methods can be combined.

[0029] It should be noted that all devices, elements, circuits, units, and modules described in this application can be implemented in software or hardware elements or any combination thereof. All steps performed by the various entities described in this application and the functions to be performed by the various entities are intended to indicate that each entity is suitable for or used to perform the corresponding steps and functions. Even in the description of the following specific embodiments, if a particular function or step to be performed by an external entity is not reflected in the description of the specific detailed elements of the entity performing that particular step or function, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that these methods and functions can be implemented in the corresponding software or hardware elements, or in any combination of such elements. It should be understood that the features of the invention are readily combined in various combinations without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

[0030] Other aspects, advantages, features, and objects of the invention will become apparent from the accompanying drawings and the detailed description of illustrative implementations as explained in conjunction with the following appended claims. Attached Figure Description

[0031] The following detailed description of the invention and illustrative embodiments can be better understood by reading in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Exemplary structures of the invention are shown in the drawings to illustrate the invention. However, the invention is not limited to the specific methods and tools disclosed herein. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that these drawings are not drawn to scale. Where possible, similar elements are represented by the same numerals.

[0032] The embodiments of the present invention are described below by way of example only, in conjunction with the following accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a block diagram of a data communication network provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart describing a method for a data communication network provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a block diagram illustrating a transmitting node for operation in a data communication network, provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a method for a sending node provided in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the sending node is used to operate in a data communication network; Figure 5 This is a block diagram illustrating a receiving node for operation in a data communication network, provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a flowchart of a method for a receiving node provided in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the receiving node is used to operate in a data communication network; Figure 7 This is an exemplary diagram illustrating message transmission from a sending node to a receiving node in a data communication network provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] In the accompanying diagrams, underlined numbers indicate the item in which the underlined number appears or the item adjacent to the underlined number. Ununderlined numbers are associated with the item identified by the line that links the ununderlined number to the item. When a number is ununderlined and accompanied by an associated arrow, the ununderlined number is used to identify the general item that the arrow points to. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The following detailed description illustrates embodiments of the present invention and ways in which these embodiments can be implemented. While some modes of implementing the invention have been disclosed, those skilled in the art will recognize that other embodiments for implementing or practicing the invention may also exist.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of a data communication network provided in an embodiment of the present invention. (See reference) Figure 1 The diagram shows a block diagram of a data communication network 100, which includes a transmitting node 102 and a receiving node 104 connected via a communication network 114.

[0036] Data communication network 100 refers to a network including sending node 102 and receiving node 104. Specifically, data communication network 100 refers to a network employing the replay attack mitigation technology of this invention. Data communication network 100 can be used in scenarios such as Network Time Protocol (NTP) synchronization systems, and can reduce the impact of replay attacks within a calculated time window. In one example, the data communication network may include, but is not limited to, the Internet, a local area network (LAN), and a wide area network (WAN), in which devices communicate and exchange data.

[0037] Transmitting node 102 refers to the component within the data communication network 100 responsible for transmitting data packets. The transmitting node includes a transmitting controller 106 and a communication interface 108. In one example, transmitting node 102 may include, but is not limited to, a transmitter, sender, transceiver, encoder, user terminal of a cellular network, custom hardware for wireless telecommunications, or any other portable or non-portable electronic device, client device, user equipment, etc.

[0038] Transmit controller 106 refers to a processing unit used to coordinate and manage the transmission of data packets in data communication network 100. Examples of implementations of transmit controller 106 may include, but are not limited to, a central data processing device, a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a complex instruction set computing (CISC) processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) processor, a reduced instruction set (RISC) processor, a very long instruction word (VLIW) processor, a state machine, and other processors or control circuits. Communication interface 108 enables transmit node 102 to communicate with communication network 114. Examples of communication interface 108 include, but are not limited to, network interface cards.

[0039] Receiver node 104 refers to the component in data communication network 100 responsible for receiving and processing data packets sent by sender node 102. The receiver node includes a receiver controller 110 and a communication interface 112. In one example, receiver node 104 may include, but is not limited to, a transmitter, transceiver, encoder, user terminal of a cellular network, custom hardware for wireless telecommunications, or any other portable or non-portable electronic device, client device, user equipment, etc.

[0040] Receiver controller 110 refers to a processing unit used to receive and process data packets in data communication network 100. Examples of implementations of receiver controller 110 may include, but are not limited to, a central data processing device, a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a complex instruction set computing (CISC) processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) processor, a reduced instruction set (RISC) processor, a very long instruction word (VLIW) processor, a state machine, and other processors or control circuits. Communication interface 112 is used to enable receiver node 104 to communicate with communication network 114. Examples of communication interface 112 include, but are not limited to, network interface cards.

[0041] Communication network 114 includes a medium (e.g., a communication channel) through which transmitting node 102 communicates with receiving node 104. Communication network 114 can be a wired or wireless communication network. Examples of communication network 114 may include, but are not limited to, the Internet, local area network (LAN), wireless personal area network (WPAN), wireless local area network (WLAN), wireless wide area network (WWAN), cloud network, long-term evolution (LTE) network, plain old telephone service (POTS), metropolitan area network (MAN), and / or the Internet.

[0042] In operation, the transmit controller 106 maintains a synchronized transmit clock. In one implementation, the synchronized transmit clock is maintained based on standard synchronization protocols such as Network Time Protocol (NTP) and Precision Time Protocol (PTP). In another implementation, the synchronized transmit clock is maintained using a reference time source. By configuring the transmit controller 106 to utilize standard synchronization protocols such as NTP and PTP, the transmit controller 106 ensures accurate time alignment. The synchronized transmit clock facilitates coordinated operation between interconnected nodes (e.g., transmit node 102 and receive node 104), thereby improving the overall efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of the data communication network 100.

[0043] The transmission controller 106 generates a transmission timestamp T1 based on a synchronous transmission clock. In other words, the transmission controller 106 uses the synchronous transmission clock to derive the transmission timestamp T1 corresponding to the message transmission time. The technical advantage of generating the transmission timestamp T1 is that it accurately records time information by generating a synchronous transmission timestamp, which improves the accuracy of timestamp marking activities within the data communication network 100.

[0044] The sending controller 106 is used to include a sending timestamp in the message. In other words, the sending controller 106 is used to incorporate the generated sending timestamp T1 into the message. The technical effect of including the sending timestamp in the message is to include time information within the message to facilitate chronological alignment and to help coordinate events in the data communication network 100. The sending controller 106 is used to send the message to the receiving node 104 through the communication interface 108 of the sending node 102. In other words, the sending controller 106 initiates the transmission of the message through the communication interface 108 of the sending node 102, via the communication network 114, to reach the receiving node 104.

[0045] The receiver controller 110 is used to maintain a synchronized receive clock. In one implementation, the synchronized receive clock is maintained based on standard synchronization protocols such as Network Time Protocol (NTP) and Precision Time Protocol (PTP). In another implementation, the synchronized receive clock is maintained using a reference time source. By configuring the receiver controller 110 to utilize standard synchronization protocols such as NTP and PTP, the receiver controller 110 ensures accurate time alignment. A synchronized receive clock facilitates coordinated operation between interconnected nodes (e.g., transmitting node 102 and receiving node 104), thereby improving the overall efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of the data communication network 100.

[0046] The receive controller 110 is used to receive messages from the sender node 102 through the communication interface 112 of the receive node 104. In other words, the receive controller 106 initiates the reception of messages from the sender node 102 via the communication interface 112 of the receive node 104 and the communication network 114.

[0047] The receiver controller 110 generates a receive timestamp T2 based on a synchronous receive clock. In other words, the receiver controller 110 uses the synchronous receive clock to derive the receive timestamp T2 corresponding to the message reception time. The technical advantage of generating the receive timestamp T2 is that it accurately records time information by generating a synchronous receive timestamp, which improves the accuracy of timestamp marking activities within the data communication network 100.

[0048] The receiving controller 110 is used to determine whether the difference between the received timestamp and the sent timestamp is greater than a first threshold E1 and less than a second threshold E2. If so, it is determined that the message has been correctly received. In one implementation, after receiving a message, the receiving controller 110 is used to determine the time difference T between the sent timestamp T1 and the received timestamp T2.

[0049] T = T2–T1 In addition, the receiver controller 110 verifies that the time difference T falls within the maximum error range, that is, the time difference T is greater than the first threshold E1 and less than the second threshold E2.

[0050] E1 ≤ T ≤ E2 In this implementation, if the receiver controller 110 verifies that the time difference T falls within the maximum error range, the receiver controller 110 also determines that the message has been correctly received. The technical effect of the receiver controller 110 verifying that the time difference (T) falls within the specified maximum error range is that the data communication network 100 gains the ability to accurately determine the correctness of the received message. The verification time difference ensures a robust and reliable mechanism for confirming the accuracy of the received data, which improves the overall integrity and accuracy of the data communication network 100.

[0051] In one embodiment, the receiving controller 110 is further configured to discard a message if the difference between the received timestamp and the sent timestamp is less than a first threshold E1 or greater than a second threshold E2. The technical effect of discarding the message is that the receiving controller 110 enhances data integrity by implementing a threshold-based filtering mechanism. If the difference between the received timestamp T2 and the sent timestamp T1 is less than the first threshold E1 or greater than the second threshold E2, the receiving controller 110 discards the message. Therefore, the receiving controller 110 ensures that only messages with time differences within the specified range are considered valid, which helps improve the overall reliability and accuracy of the data communication network 100.

[0052] In one embodiment, the second threshold error level E2 represents the maximum time difference in message transmission, and the first threshold error level E1 represents the minimum time difference in message transmission. In other words, E1 refers to the minimum acceptable time difference in message transmission. E1 can be set as a lower limit; below this lower limit, the difference between the received timestamp T2 and the sent timestamp T1 is considered insufficient. Furthermore, E2 refers to the maximum allowable time difference in message transmission. E2 can be set as an upper limit; exceeding this upper limit, the difference between the received timestamp T2 and the sent timestamp T1 is considered excessive. The technical effect of E2 is that it prevents problems that may arise due to excessively long message transmission delays or times, thereby helping to filter out messages with time differences exceeding the defined maximum value, thus contributing to the reliability of the data communication network 100. The technical effect of E1 is that, as a lower limit, E1 ensures that if the time difference is too short, the message is not considered valid, thereby improving accuracy and reliability by discarding messages with time differences below the minimum threshold.

[0053] In one embodiment, the receiving controller 110 is further configured to determine a first threshold and a second threshold by periodically or repeatedly sending measurement messages and recording the time required to send these measurement messages, and by determining a first threshold error level and a second threshold error level based on the time required to send the measurement messages. In other words, the receiving controller 110 is configured to establish the values ​​of a first threshold E1 and a second threshold E2. Determining E1 and E2 involves periodically or repeatedly sending measurement messages and recording the time required to transmit these measurement messages. The first threshold error level and the second threshold error level are then derived based on the measurement time for sending these measurement messages. The technical effect of determining E1 and E2 is that it allows the receiving controller 110 to dynamically adjust and set the values ​​of E1 and E2 based on real-time measurements. By periodically sending measurement messages and observing the transmission time, the data communication network 100 can understand the current network conditions and adjust the threshold levels accordingly. Dynamically adjusting the thresholds enhances the responsiveness of the data communication network 100 to changing network characteristics, ensuring that E1 and E2 remain consistent with the actual time required to transmit messages.

[0054] The transmit clock and receive clock are synchronized. The technical advantage of synchronizing the transmit and receive clocks is to achieve time consistency and accuracy in data transmission. Synchronization ensures that messages are sent and received in a coordinated manner, thereby maintaining chronological order and reducing latency. Synchronizing the clocks enhances communication reliability by minimizing time discrepancies, thus facilitating more predictable and accurate data exchange between the transmitting node 102 and the receiving node 104.

[0055] In one embodiment, the receiving controller 110 is further configured to determine a first threshold error level and a second threshold error level by measuring the delay L of sending the measurement message, and to determine the first threshold error level E1 as –(e–L) min The second threshold error level E2 is e+L. max , where L min For minimum delay, L max Where e is the maximum delay, and 'e' is an error value indicating the acceptable error range. In other words, the receiver controller 110 is used to determine a first threshold error level E1 and a second threshold error level E2 by measuring the delay L associated with transmitting the measurement message. Determining E1 and E2 involves setting the first threshold E1 to the acceptable error range (e) and the minimum delay L. min The difference between them, and set the second threshold E2 as the error range (e) and the maximum delay L. max The sum of, where L min L represents the minimum delay. maxLet represent the maximum delay, and 'e' be the error value indicating the acceptable error range. By considering the minimum and maximum delay values, the data communication network 100 can define an acceptable error range for the transmission process, thereby flexibly adapting to changing network conditions. The technical effect of delay management ensures that the first and second threshold error levels are aligned with the actual delay experienced during the transmission of the measured message, thereby enhancing the responsiveness of the data communication network 100 to changes in network delay and helping to improve the accuracy and reliability of determining the threshold error level for message reception.

[0056] In another embodiment, the transmitting controller 106 is configured to receive measurement messages from the receiving node 104 via the communication interface 108 of the transmitting node 102, generate a second transmission timestamp T3 based on a synchronous receiving clock, and transmit the second transmission timestamp T3 to the receiving node 104 in a measurement response message via the communication interface 108 of the transmitting node 102. In this embodiment, the receiving controller 110 is also configured to receive the measurement response message and generate a second receiving timestamp T4 for the time the measurement response message is received, determine a second threshold error level that is greater than T4–T3, and determine a first threshold error level that is less than T4–T3. Therefore, the data communication network 100, including the transmitting node 102 and the receiving node 104, can accurately adjust the threshold levels based on real-time measurements, which helps improve the synchronization and reliability of message transmission and reception.

[0057] In one embodiment, the receiving controller 110 is further configured to repeatedly transmit measurement messages to the sending node 102 via the communication interface 112 of the receiving node 104. In this embodiment, the sending controller 106 is configured to receive measurement messages from the receiving node 104 via the communication interface 108 of the sending node 102, and to send a measurement response message for each received measurement message to the receiving node 104 via the communication interface 108 of the sending node 102. In this embodiment, the receiving controller 110 is further configured to determine that the second threshold error level E2 is the maximum value of T4–T3, and to determine that the first threshold error level E1 is the minimum value of T4–T3. Therefore, the data communication network 100 including the sending node 102 and the receiving node 104 supports real-time adjustment of the threshold levels to enhance accuracy and adaptability in maintaining synchronization between the sending node 102 and the receiving node 104 during communication.

[0058] Figure 2 This is a flowchart describing a method for a data communication network provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 Combination Figure 1 The components are described. (Refer to...) Figure 2 The diagram shows a flowchart of a method 200 for a data communication network 100. Method 200 includes steps 202 to 216.

[0059] In step 202, the transmitting node 102 maintains a synchronous transmission clock. In one implementation, the synchronous transmission clock is maintained based on standard synchronization protocols such as Network Time Protocol (NTP) and Precision Time Protocol (PTP).

[0060] In step 204, the sending node 102 generates a sending timestamp T1 based on the synchronous sending clock. In other words, the sending controller 106 uses the synchronous sending clock to derive the sending timestamp T1 corresponding to the message sending time.

[0061] In step 206, the sending node 102 includes the sending timestamp T1 in the message. The technical effect of including the sending timestamp in the message is to include time information within the message to facilitate chronological alignment and to help coordinate events in the data communication network 100.

[0062] In step 208, the sending node 102 sends a message to the receiving node 104 through its communication interface 108. In other words, the sending controller 106 initiates the sending of a message via the communication network 114 through the communication interface 108 of the sending node 102 to reach the receiving node 104.

[0063] In step 210, the receiving node 104 maintains a synchronized receiving clock. In one implementation, the synchronized receiving clock is maintained based on standard synchronization protocols such as Network Time Protocol (NTP) and Precision Time Protocol (PTP).

[0064] In step 212, the receiving node 104 receives a message from the sending node 102 through its communication interface 112. In other words, the receiving controller 106 initiates the receiving of a message from the sending node 102 via the communication network 114 through the communication interface 112 of the receiving node 104.

[0065] In step 214, the receiving controller 110 generates a receiving timestamp T2 based on a synchronous receiving clock. In other words, the receiving controller 110 uses the synchronous receiving clock to derive the receiving timestamp T2 corresponding to the message receiving time.

[0066] In step 216, the receiving controller 110 is used to determine whether the difference between the receiving timestamp T2 and the sending timestamp T1 is greater than the first threshold E1 and less than the second threshold E2. If so, it is determined that the message has been correctly received. The synchronous sending clock is synchronized with the synchronous receiving clock.

[0067] Advantageously, by combining a synchronization clock and an error threshold, method 200 can adapt to changing network conditions. It can adjust for changes in latency or other network dynamics to ensure robust performance under different circumstances. Maintaining synchronized clocks in both the sending node 102 and the receiving node 104 ensures accurate timing throughout the communication process and minimizes the risk of data corruption or inaccuracy during transmission.

[0068] Steps 202 to 216 are merely illustrative, and other alternatives may be provided, in which one or more steps are added, one or more steps are deleted, or one or more steps are provided in a different order, without departing from the scope of the claims herein.

[0069] A computer program product is also provided, including program instructions for executing method 200 when executed by a transmitting node 102 and a receiving node 104 in a data communication network 100. The computer program product is implemented as an algorithm and embedded in software stored in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The non-transitory computer-readable storage module may include, but is not limited to, electronic storage devices, magnetic storage devices, optical storage devices, electromagnetic storage devices, semiconductor storage devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. Examples of implementations of the computer-readable storage medium are, but are not limited to, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), hard disk drive (HDD), flash memory, secure digital (SD) cards, solid-state drives (SSDs), computer-readable storage media, and / or CPU cache memory.

[0070] Figure 3 This is a block diagram illustrating a transmitting node 102 for operation in a data communication network 100, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 Combination Figure 1 The components are described. (Refer to...) Figure 3 The diagram illustrates the operation of a data communication network 100 including a transmitting node 102, which includes a transmitting controller 106, a communication interface 108, and a synchronous transmitting clock 302.

[0071] Synchronization transmission clock 302 refers to a clock used to ensure coordination and precise timing in data transmission, and helps to synchronize the activities of different nodes within the data communication network 100, prevent collisions, and optimize the efficiency of data exchange.

[0072] In operation, the transmit controller 106 maintains a synchronous transmit clock 302. In one implementation, the synchronous transmit clock 302 is maintained based on standard synchronization protocols such as Network Time Protocol (NTP) and Precision Time Protocol (PTP). In another implementation, the synchronous transmit clock 302 is maintained using a reference time source. By configuring the transmit controller 106 to utilize standard synchronization protocols such as NTP and PTP, the transmit controller 106 ensures accurate time alignment. The synchronous transmit clock 302 facilitates coordinated operation between interconnected nodes (e.g., transmit node 102 and receive node 104), thereby improving the overall efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of the data communication network 100.

[0073] The sending controller 106 generates a sending timestamp T1 based on the synchronous sending clock 302. In other words, the sending controller 106 uses the synchronous sending clock 302 to derive the sending timestamp T1 corresponding to the message sending time. The technical effect of generating the sending timestamp T1 is to accurately record time information by generating a synchronous sending timestamp, which improves the accuracy of timestamp marking activities within the data communication network 100.

[0074] The sending controller 106 is used to include a sending timestamp in the message. In other words, the sending controller 106 is used to incorporate the generated sending timestamp T1 into the message. The technical effect of including the sending timestamp in the message is to include time information within the message to facilitate chronological alignment and to help coordinate events in the data communication network 100. The sending controller 106 is used to send the message to the receiving node 104 through the communication interface 108 of the sending node 102. In other words, the sending controller 106 initiates the transmission of the message through the communication interface 108 of the sending node 102, via the communication network 114, to reach the receiving node 104.

[0075] In one embodiment, the transmitting controller 106 receives measurement messages from the receiving node 104 via the communication interface 108 of the transmitting node 102, generates a second transmission timestamp T3 based on a synchronous receiving clock, and transmits the second transmission timestamp T3 to the receiving node 104 in a measurement response message via the communication interface 108 of the transmitting node 102. Therefore, the data communication network 100, including the transmitting node 102 and the receiving node 104, can accurately adjust threshold levels based on real-time measurements, which helps improve the synchronization and reliability of message transmission and reception.

[0076] Sending node 102 maintains time synchronization with other nodes in the data communication network 100 to ensure that the synchronization transmission clock 302 is aligned with the clocks of other nodes. This synchronization is crucial for accurate timestamping and coordinated communication. Furthermore, sending node 102 responds to measurement messages by generating timely timestamped measurement replies. This responsiveness supports dynamic information exchange and real-time adjustments, facilitating effective synchronization during communication. Additionally, sending node 102 enhances data integrity by employing a timestamping and, possibly, integrity protection mechanism for other parts of the message. This security measure ensures the reliability and trustworthiness of transmitted data, thus adding extra protection to the communication capabilities of sending node 102.

[0077] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a method for a sending node provided by an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the sending node is used to operate in a data communication network. Figure 4 Combination Figure 1 and Figure 3 The components are described in the reference. Figure 4 The diagram shows a flowchart of a method 400 for a transmitting node 102 in a data communication network 100. Method 400 includes steps 402 to 408.

[0078] In step 402, the transmitting node 102 maintains the synchronous transmission clock 302. In one implementation, the synchronous transmission clock 302 is maintained based on standard synchronization protocols such as Network Time Protocol (NTP) and Precision Time Protocol (PTP).

[0079] In step 404, the sending node generates a sending timestamp T1 based on the synchronous sending clock 302. In other words, the sending controller 106 uses the synchronous sending clock 302 to derive the sending timestamp T1 corresponding to the message sending time.

[0080] In step 406, the sending node 102 includes the sending timestamp T1 in the message. The technical effect of including the sending timestamp in the message is to include time information within the message to facilitate chronological alignment and to help coordinate events in the data communication network 100.

[0081] In step 408, the sending node 102 sends a message to the receiving node 104 through its communication interface 108. In other words, the sending controller 106 initiates the sending of a message via the communication network 114 through the communication interface 108 of the sending node 102 to reach the receiving node 104.

[0082] Steps 402 to 408 are merely illustrative, and other alternatives may be provided, in which one or more steps are added, one or more steps are deleted, or one or more steps are provided in a different order, without departing from the scope of the claims herein.

[0083] A computer program product is also provided, including program instructions for executing method 400 when executed by a transmitting node 102 in a data communication network 100. The computer program product is implemented as an algorithm and embedded in software stored in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The non-transitory computer-readable storage module may include, but is not limited to, electronic storage devices, magnetic storage devices, optical storage devices, electromagnetic storage devices, semiconductor storage devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. Examples of implementations of the computer-readable storage medium are, but are not limited to, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), hard disk drive (HDD), flash memory, secure digital (SD) cards, solid-state drives (SSDs), computer-readable storage media, and / or CPU cache memory.

[0084] Figure 5 This is a block diagram illustrating a receiving node 104 for operation in a data communication network 100, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 Combination Figure 1 The components are described. (Refer to...) Figure 5 The diagram illustrates the operation of a receiving node 104 in a data communication network 100, which includes a receiving controller 110, a communication interface 112, and a synchronous receiving clock 502.

[0085] Synchronization receive clock 502 is a clock used to ensure coordination and precise timing in data transmission, and helps to synchronize the activities of different nodes within the data communication network 100, prevent collisions, and optimize the efficiency of data exchange.

[0086] In operation, the receive controller 110 maintains a synchronous receive clock 502. In one implementation, the synchronous receive clock 502 is maintained based on standard synchronization protocols such as Network Time Protocol (NTP) and Precision Time Protocol (PTP). In another implementation, the synchronous receive clock 502 is maintained using a reference time source. By configuring the receive controller 110 to utilize standard synchronization protocols such as NTP and PTP, the receive controller 110 ensures accurate time alignment. The synchronous receive clock 502 facilitates coordinated operation between interconnected nodes (e.g., transmitting node 102 and receiving node 104), thereby improving the overall efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of the data communication network 100.

[0087] The receive controller 110 is used to receive messages from the sender node 102 through the communication interface 112 of the receive node 104. In other words, the receive controller 106 initiates the reception of messages from the sender node 102 via the communication interface 112 of the receive node 104 and the communication network 114.

[0088] The receiver controller 110 generates a receive timestamp T2 based on the synchronous receive clock 502. In other words, the receiver controller 110 uses the synchronous receive clock 502 to derive the receive timestamp T2 corresponding to the message reception time. The technical advantage of generating the receive timestamp T2 is that it accurately records time information by generating a synchronous receive timestamp, which improves the accuracy of timestamp marking activities within the data communication network 100.

[0089] The receiving controller 110 determines whether the difference between the received timestamp and the sent timestamp is greater than a first threshold E1 and less than a second threshold E2. If so, it determines that the message has been correctly received. In one implementation, after receiving a message, the receiving controller 110 determines the time difference T between the sent timestamp T1 and the received timestamp T2. Furthermore, the receiving controller 110 verifies that the time difference T falls within the maximum error range, i.e., the time difference T is greater than the first threshold E1 and less than the second threshold E2. In this implementation, if the receiving controller 110 verifies that the time difference T falls within the maximum error range, the receiving controller 110 also determines that the message has been correctly received. The technical effect of the receiving controller 110 verifying that the time difference (T) falls within the specified maximum error range is that the data communication network 100 gains the ability to accurately determine the correctness of the received message. Verifying the time difference ensures a robust and reliable mechanism for confirming the accuracy of the received data, which improves the overall integrity and accuracy of the data communication network 100.

[0090] The synchronous transmit clock 302 is synchronized with the synchronous receive clock 502. The technical effect of synchronizing the synchronous transmit clock 302 with the synchronous receive clock 502 is to achieve time consistency and accuracy in data transmission. Synchronization ensures that messages are sent and received in a coordinated manner, thereby maintaining chronological order and reducing latency. Synchronizing the clocks enhances communication reliability by minimizing time differences, thus promoting more predictable and accurate data exchange between the sending node 102 and the receiving node 104.

[0091] In one embodiment, the receiving controller 110 is further configured to send a measurement response message to the sending node 102 via the communication interface 112 of the receiving node 104, and receive the measurement response message from the sending node 102 via the communication interface 112 of the receiving node 104. The response message includes a second sending timestamp T3, a second receiving timestamp T4 generated based on the synchronous receiving clock 502 for the time the measurement response message is received, a second threshold error level determined to be greater than T4–T3, and a first threshold error level determined to be less than T4–T3. Therefore, the data communication network 100, including the sending node 102 and the receiving node 104, can accurately adjust the threshold level based on real-time measurements, which helps improve the synchronization and reliability of message sending and receiving.

[0092] In another embodiment, the receiving controller 110 is further configured to: repeatedly generate measurement messages; send each measurement message to the sending node 102 via the communication interface 112 of the receiving node 104; receive a measurement response message for each measurement message from the sending node 102 via the communication interface 112 of the receiving node 104, wherein each measurement response message includes a second sending timestamp T3; generate a second receiving timestamp T4 for each received measurement response message; determine a second threshold error level as the maximum value of T4–T3; and determine a first threshold error level as the minimum value of T4–T3. Therefore, the data communication network 100, including the sending node 102 and the receiving node 104, supports real-time adjustment of the threshold level to enhance accuracy and adaptability in maintaining synchronization between the sending node 102 and the receiving node 104 during communication.

[0093] Receiver node 104 maintains synchronization with other nodes using a synchronous receive clock 502, thereby ensuring accurate time coordination within the data communication network 100. Upon receiving a message containing a timestamp, receiver node 104 efficiently compares the timestamp value with the synchronous receive clock 502. If the difference exceeds a predetermined upper or lower limit, the message is discarded, thus forming a robust error checking mechanism. Furthermore, receiver node 104 first verifies the integrity of the timestamp protected by the integrity protection mechanism before forwarding the message to the upper layer, thereby enhancing data integrity. Additionally, receiver node 104 periodically participates in the measurement process of a random sender to send measurement messages and receive timestamped replies. By analyzing the differences between the received and sent timestamps from multiple measurements, receiver node 104 estimates upper and lower bounds, which helps in adaptive adjustments and improved synchronization within the data communication network 100. Therefore, receiver node 104 excels at ensuring accurate timing, error detection, and synchronization with other nodes in the data communication network 100.

[0094] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of a method for a receiving node provided by an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the receiving node is used to operate in a data communication network. Figure 6 Combination Figure 1 and Figure 5 The components are described. (Refer to...) Figure 6 The diagram shows a flowchart of a method 600 for a receiving node 104 in a data communication network 100. Method 600 includes steps 602 to 608.

[0095] In step 602, the receiving node 104 maintains a synchronous receiving clock 502. In one implementation, the synchronous receiving clock 502 is maintained based on standard synchronization protocols such as Network Time Protocol (NTP) and Precision Time Protocol (PTP).

[0096] In step 604, the receiving node 104 receives a message from the sending node 102 via its communication interface 112. In other words, the receiving controller 106 initiates the receiving of a message from the sending node 102 via the communication network 114 through the communication interface 112 of the receiving node 104.

[0097] In step 606, the receiving controller 110 generates a receiving timestamp T2 based on the synchronous receiving clock 502. In other words, the receiving controller 110 uses the synchronous receiving clock to derive the receiving timestamp T2 corresponding to the message receiving time.

[0098] In step 608, the receiving controller 110 is used to determine whether the difference between the receiving timestamp T2 and the sending timestamp T1 is greater than the first threshold E1 and less than the second threshold E2. If so, it is determined that the message has been correctly received. The synchronous sending clock 302 is synchronized with the synchronous receiving clock 502.

[0099] Steps 602 to 608 are merely illustrative, and other alternatives may be provided, in which one or more steps are added, one or more steps are deleted, or one or more steps are provided in a different order, without departing from the scope of the claims herein.

[0100] A computer program product is also provided, including program instructions for executing method 600 when executed by a receiving node 104 in a data communication network 100. The computer program product is implemented as an algorithm and embedded in software stored in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The non-transitory computer-readable storage module may include, but is not limited to, electronic storage devices, magnetic storage devices, optical storage devices, electromagnetic storage devices, semiconductor storage devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. Examples of implementations of the computer-readable storage medium are, but are not limited to, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), hard disk drive (HDD), flash memory, secure digital (SD) cards, solid-state drives (SSDs), computer-readable storage media, and / or CPU cache memory.

[0101] Figure 7 This is an exemplary diagram illustrating message transmission from a sending node to a receiving node in a data communication network provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 Combination Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 The components are described. (Refer to...) Figure 7 An exemplary implementation of a data communication network 100 is shown, which includes sending messages from a sending node 102 to a receiving node 104 via a communication network 114.

[0102] refer to Figure 7Point 702 represents a transmission timestamp T1, describing the time when the message is sent from the sending node 102. Point 704 represents a reception timestamp T2, describing the time when the message is received by the receiving node 104. Point 706 represents a second transmission timestamp T3, describing the time when the measurement response message is sent from the receiving node 104. Point 708 represents a second reception timestamp T4, describing the time when the measurement response message is received from the sending node 102. The sending node 102 sends a message to the receiving node 104, and the receiving node 104 determines whether the message has been correctly received. The sending node 102 includes a transmission controller 106 and a communication interface 108. The transmission controller 106 maintains a synchronous transmission clock 302 and generates a transmission timestamp when a message is sent. Then, the communication interface 108 sends the message to the receiving node 104. The receiving node 104 also includes a reception controller 110 and a communication interface 112. The reception controller 110 maintains a synchronous reception clock 502 and generates a reception timestamp T2 when a message is received. Then, the receive controller 110 compares the receive timestamp T2 with the send timestamp T1 to determine whether the message has been received correctly. If the difference between the receive timestamp T2 and the send timestamp T1 is greater than a first threshold and less than a second threshold, the message is considered to have been received correctly. The first and second thresholds are determined by the receive controller 110 based on the time required to send the measurement message. Figure 7 It is described that receiving node 104 can determine a first threshold and a second threshold by sending a measurement message to sending node 102 and measuring the time required for sending node 102 to respond.

[0103] In the exemplary scenario, data communication network 100 uses the Network Time Protocol (NTP) for synchronization, and the maximum time error between any two hosts (e.g., sending node 102 and receiving node 104) is set to e, where e = 100 microseconds. Assume that the latency between hosts in data communication network 100 has a lower limit L of 10 microseconds. min And the upper limit L of 1000 microseconds max For each received message, receiving node 104 performs a replay check to verify that the time difference falls within specified limits. In this example, parameters E1 and E2 are defined as E1 = –(e – Lmin) = –90 microseconds and E2 = e + Lmax = 1100 microseconds, respectively. Therefore, the replay attack in the example is limited to a time window of E2 – E1 = 1190 microseconds. Thus, this example illustrates how parameters of data communication network 100, such as time error, delay limits, and replay check criteria, can help limit the vulnerability window for potential replay attacks within data communication network 100.

[0104] Modifications to the embodiments of the invention described above may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. Expressions such as “comprising,” “integrating,” “having,” “is / are,” etc., used to describe and claim the invention are intended to be interpreted in a non-exclusive manner, allowing for the presence of items, components, or elements not explicitly described. Singular references should also be interpreted in relation to the plural. The word “exemplary” as used herein means “as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any embodiment described as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments, or does not exclude features in conjunction with other embodiments. The word “optionally” as used herein means “provided in some embodiments and not in others.” It should be understood that certain features of the invention described in the context of a single embodiment for clarity may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the invention described in the context of a single embodiment for brevity may also be provided individually or in any suitable combination or as embodiments of any other described aspect of the invention.

Claims

1. A data communication network (100), characterized in that, It includes a sending node (102) and a receiving node (104), wherein the sending node (102) includes a sending controller (106) and a communication interface (108), and the receiving node (104) includes a receiving controller (110) and a communication interface (112). The transmitting controller (106) is used for: Maintain synchronous transmission clock (302); Generate a transmission timestamp T1 based on the synchronous transmission clock (302); Include the sending timestamp in the message; The message is sent to the receiving node (104) through the communication interface (108) of the sending node (102); The receiving controller (110) is used for: Maintain synchronous receive clock (502); The message is received from the sending node (102) through the communication interface (112) of the receiving node (104); Generate a receiving timestamp T2 based on the synchronous receiving clock (502); Determine whether the difference between the received timestamp and the sent timestamp is greater than a first threshold E1 and less than a second threshold E2. If so, determine that the message has been correctly received, wherein the synchronous sending clock (302) is synchronized with the synchronous receiving clock (502).

2. The data communication network (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The receiving controller (110) is also used for: If the difference between the received timestamp and the sent timestamp is less than the first threshold E1 or greater than the second threshold E2, the message is discarded.

3. The data communication network (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The receiving controller (110) is also configured to determine the first threshold and the second threshold by periodically or repeatedly sending measurement messages and recording the time required to send these measurement messages, and by determining the first threshold error level and the second threshold error level based on the time required to send the measurement messages.

4. The data communication network (100) according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second threshold error level represents the maximum time difference in message transmission, and the first threshold error level E1 represents the minimum time difference in message transmission.

5. The data communication network (100) according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The receiving controller (110) is further configured to determine the first threshold error level and the second threshold error level by measuring the delay L of sending the measurement message, and to determine: The first threshold error level E1 is –(e–L) min ), The second threshold error level E2 is e+L max ,in, L min For minimum delay, L max For maximum delay, e represents the error value indicating the acceptable error range.

6. The data communication network (100) according to claim 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that, The transmitting controller (106) is used for: The measurement message is received from the receiving node (104) through the communication interface (108) of the sending node (102). A second transmission timestamp T3 is generated based on the synchronous receiving clock (502). The second transmission timestamp T3 is sent to the receiving node (104) in the measurement response message via the communication interface (108) of the sending node (102). The receiving controller (110) is further configured to: Receive the measurement response message and generate a second reception timestamp T4 for the time the measurement response message was received. The second threshold error level is set to be greater than the value of T4–T3. The first threshold error level is determined to be less than T4–T3.

7. The data communication network (100) according to claim 5, characterized in that, The receiving controller (110) is also used for: Measurement messages are repeatedly sent to the sending node (102) through the communication interface (112) of the receiving node (104). The transmitting controller (106) is used for: The measurement message is received from the receiving node (104) through the communication interface (108) of the sending node (102). The transmitting node (102) sends a measurement response message for each received measurement message to the receiving node (104) via the communication interface (108), wherein the receiving controller (110) is further configured to: The second threshold error level E2 is determined to be the maximum value of T4–T3; The first threshold error level E1 is determined to be the minimum value of T4–T3.

8. A method (200) for a data communication network (100), characterized in that, The data communication network (100) includes a transmitting node (102) and a receiving node (104), and the method (200) includes: The sending node (102) Maintain synchronous transmission clock (302). Generate a transmission timestamp T1 based on the synchronous transmission clock (302). Include the sending timestamp in the message. Send the message to the receiving node (104). The receiving node (104) Maintain synchronous receive clock (502). The message is received from the sending node (102) through the communication interface of the receiving node (104). Generate a receiving timestamp T2 based on the synchronous receiving clock (502). If the difference between the received timestamp and the sent timestamp is greater than a first threshold error level and less than a second threshold error level, then the message is determined to have been correctly received. The synchronous transmission clock is synchronized with the synchronous reception clock (502).

9. A transmitting node (102), characterized in that, For operation in a data communication network (100), the data communication network (100) including the transmitting node (102) and the receiving node (104), wherein the transmitting node (104) includes a transmitting controller (106) and a communication interface (108), wherein the transmitting controller (106) is used for: Maintain synchronous transmission clock (302). Generate a transmission timestamp T1 based on the synchronous transmission clock (302). Include the sending timestamp in the message. The message is sent to the receiving node (104) through the communication interface (112) of the sending node (102).

10. The transmitting node (102) according to claim 9, characterized in that, The transmitting controller (106) is also used for: The measurement message is received from the receiving node (104) through the communication interface (108) of the sending node (102). A second transmission timestamp T3 is generated based on the synchronous receiving clock (502). The second transmission timestamp T3 is sent to the receiving node (104) in a measurement response message via the communication interface (108) of the sending node (102).

11. A method (400) for transmitting a node (102), characterized in that, The transmitting node (102) is used to operate in a data communication network (100), the data communication network (100) including the transmitting node (102) and a receiving node (104), wherein the method includes: Maintain synchronous transmission clock (302). Generate a transmission timestamp T1 based on the synchronous transmission clock (302). Include the sending timestamp in the message. The message is sent to the receiving node (104) through the communication interface of the sending node (302).

12. A receiving node (104) for operation in a data communication network (100), characterized in that, The data communication network (100) includes a transmitting node (102) and a receiving node (104), wherein the receiving node (104) includes a receiving controller (110) and a communication interface (112), wherein the receiving controller (110) is used for: Maintain synchronous receive clock (502). The receiving node (104) receives a message including a sending timestamp T1 from the sending node (102) through the communication interface (112). Generate a receiving timestamp T2 based on the synchronous receiving clock (502). If the difference between the received timestamp and the sent timestamp is greater than a first threshold error level and less than a second threshold error level, then the message is determined to have been correctly received. The synchronous transmitting clock (302) is synchronized with the synchronous receiving clock (502).

13. The receiving node (104) according to claim 12, characterized in that, The receiving controller (108) is also used for: The receiving node (104) sends a measurement response message to the sending node (102) through the communication interface (112). The receiving node (104) receives a measurement response message from the sending node (102) via the communication interface (112), the response message including a second transmission timestamp T3. A second receiving timestamp T4 is generated based on the time of receiving the measurement response message using the synchronous receiving clock (502). The second threshold error level is set to be greater than the value of T4–T3. The first threshold error level is determined to be less than T4–T3.

14. The receiving node (104) according to claim 13, characterized in that, The receiving controller (108) is also used for: Repeatedly generate measurement messages, Each measurement message is sent to the sending node (102) through the communication interface (112) of the receiving node (104). The receiving node (104) receives a measurement response message for each measurement message from the sending node (102) via the communication interface (112), and the measurement response message includes a second sending timestamp T3. Generate a second receive timestamp T4 for each received measurement response message. The second threshold error level is determined to be the maximum value of T4–T3. The first threshold error level is determined to be the minimum value of T4–T3.

15. A method (600) for receiving a node (104), characterized in that, The receiving node (104) is configured to operate in a data communication network (100), the data communication network (100) including a sending node (102) and the receiving node (104), wherein the method (600) includes: Maintain synchronous receive clock (502). The receiving node (104) receives a message including a sending timestamp T1 from the sending node (102) through the communication interface (112). Generate a receiving timestamp T2 based on the synchronous receiving clock (502). If the difference between the received timestamp and the sent timestamp is greater than a first threshold error level and less than a second threshold error level, then the message is determined to have been correctly received. The synchronous transmitting clock (302) is synchronized with the synchronous receiving clock (502).

16. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes program instructions for performing the method according to claim 8, 11 or 15 when executed by one or more processors in a data communication network (100) system.

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