A seeding machine integrating seedbed preparation, drip irrigation and film covering and profiling

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and more particularly to a seeding machine integrating seedbed preparation, drip irrigation and film mulching. The seeding machine comprises a transverse main beam, a three-point suspension frame arranged on the transverse main beam, and a machine frame body connected to the rear of the transverse main beam through a parallelogram mechanism. A seedbed leveling device with a land leveling shovel is arranged at the lower front end of the machine frame body, and the land leveling shovel is connected to the machine frame body through rigid adjusting members on both sides and elastic adjusting members in the middle. The land leveling shovel can be automatically lifted to avoid obstacles when the earth-moving resistance is too large. A rolling cylinder, a drip irrigation tape laying device, a film laying device, a seeding device and a rolling device are sequentially arranged on the machine frame body. An ear-shaped plate is arranged on the fixed side wall of the rolling cylinder, and a blocking member is installed at the outer end of the ear-shaped plate. The blocking member is located on the orbit of the movable nozzle piece of the duckbill seed metering device rolling with the rolling cylinder. The present application can complete the seedbed preparation, drip irrigation laying, film mulching, seeding and rolling operations at one time, and has the functions of self-adaptive land leveling and duckbill seed metering device anti-blocking.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and in particular to a seeder that integrates seedbed preparation, drip irrigation mulching, and contouring. Background Technology

[0002] Chili peppers are one of my country's important economic crops, and their cultivation mainly relies on seedling transplanting. However, seedling transplanting involves cumbersome procedures, high labor intensity, and high costs. With the development of agricultural modernization, direct seeding technology has been increasingly used in chili pepper cultivation due to its labor-saving, time-saving, and high-efficiency characteristics.

[0003] In recent years, some technologies have attempted to integrate drip irrigation tape laying, mulching, and sowing into a single process to achieve mechanized direct seeding of chili peppers. For example, Chinese invention patent CN118749273B discloses a mechanized direct seeding integrated equipment for intercropping chili peppers in wheat fields. This equipment includes a traction frame and a fixing frame. The fixing frame has furrow openers and drip irrigation tape laying mechanisms on its front and rear sides, respectively, and chili pepper pellet sowing mechanisms on its left and right sides. A mulching mechanism is located on one side of the drip irrigation tape laying mechanism. This invention enables the laying of drip irrigation tape, mulching, and sowing to be completed in one operation, improving the automation level and work efficiency of direct seeding of chili peppers to a certain extent.

[0004] However, the aforementioned existing technologies still have the following shortcomings:

[0005] Firstly, there is a lack of seedbed preparation capabilities. Existing chili direct seeders lack effective seedbed treatment before sowing, directly laying drip irrigation tape and performing sowing operations, resulting in uneven seedbeds and insufficient soil fineness, affecting the consistency of sowing depth and seed germination rate.

[0006] Secondly, the leveling device lacks adaptive adjustment and overload avoidance functions. The leveling devices in existing seed-seeding machines typically have fixed operating angles and penetration depths, unable to adapt to changes in soil resistance. When encountering large soil ridges, excessive amounts of loose soil, or soil containing hard objects, loose soil easily accumulates in front of the leveling device, causing congestion or even dragging, severely impacting work efficiency and the quality of seedbed leveling.

[0007] Thirdly, duckbill seed meters are prone to soil clogging. Duckbill seed meters are widely used as the hill-sowing component in chili direct seeding machinery. Studies have shown that when soil moisture is high, loose, wet soil easily adheres to the duckbill seed meter. Soil clogging on the duckbill seed meter reduces the actual hole depth, shallower seed drop, and may even prevent the meter from properly opening and closing the seed film, resulting in missed or repeated sowing, severely impacting sowing quality. Existing technologies mostly focus on modifying the duckbill seed meter's structure or adding surface coatings, failing to fundamentally solve the problem of soil adhesion to the surface after each sowing cycle.

[0008] To address the shortcomings of existing chili direct seeding machines, such as the lack of seedbed preparation function, the inability of the soil leveling device to self-adjust, and the tendency of the duckbill seed metering device to become clogged with soil, leading to a decline in seeding quality, this invention provides a seeder that integrates seedbed preparation, drip irrigation mulching, and contour-following functions. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0010] A seeder integrating seedbed preparation, drip irrigation mulching, and contouring functions includes:

[0011] A transverse main beam, on which a three-point suspension frame is provided, the three-point suspension frame being used for connection with a tractor;

[0012] The contouring frame includes a parallel four-bar linkage and a frame body. The frame body is connected to the lower part of the transverse main beam through the parallel four-bar linkage, and the frame body can perform up and down contouring movements according to the undulations of the ground.

[0013] A seedbed leveling device is installed below the front end of the frame body and is used to break, gather, and level the soil to form a seedbed. The seedbed leveling device includes a leveling shovel. The left and right sides of the leveling shovel are connected to the frame body through rigid adjusting members, and the middle part of the leveling shovel is connected to the frame body through an elastic adjusting member. When the pushing resistance exceeds the preload of the elastic adjusting member, the leveling shovel can rotate and lift around its hinge point with the rigid adjusting member to avoid excessive soil breaking.

[0014] The compaction roller is rotatably installed below the frame and behind the leveling shovel, and is used to compact the soil leveled by the leveling shovel.

[0015] A drip irrigation tape laying device is installed on the frame body and located behind the press roller, and is used to lay drip irrigation tape on the seed bed;

[0016] A mulch film laying device is installed on the frame body and located behind the drip irrigation tape laying device, and is used to cover the seedbed with mulch film after the drip irrigation tape is laid.

[0017] A sowing device is installed on the frame and located behind the mulch film laying device. The sowing device includes a seed box and a sowing unit. The sowing unit includes a sowing roller and multiple duckbill-type seed metering devices disposed on the rolling ring wall of the sowing roller. The seed box is disposed above and communicates with the sowing roller to supply seeds to the sowing roller. Each duckbill-type seed metering device has a hinged fixed beak and a movable beak. An ear-shaped plate is fixedly disposed on the fixed side wall of the sowing roller. A blocking member is installed at the outer end of the ear-shaped plate. The blocking member is located on the revolution trajectory of the movable beak as it rolls with the sowing roller. When the movable beak continues to roll with the rolling ring wall after it closes and comes into contact with the blocking member, the blocking member applies a blocking force to the movable beak, forcing the movable beak to rotate outward relative to the fixed beak and open to remove the adhering soil.

[0018] A compaction device is installed below the rear end of the frame and behind the sowing device, and is used to compact the soil after sowing.

[0019] Furthermore, two contouring frames are arranged at intervals on the left and right sides of the transverse main beam, with the two contouring frames located on the left and right sides of the transverse main beam respectively, so as to achieve independent contouring on the left and right sides.

[0020] Furthermore, the rigid adjustment component includes a main screw, the lower end of which is connected to the corresponding side of the leveling shovel via a hinge; the upper end of the main screw is threaded with an adjusting nut, which is rotatably connected to the front end of the frame body. The height of the main screw is adjusted by rotating the adjusting nut, thereby adjusting the soil penetration depth of the corresponding side of the leveling shovel.

[0021] Furthermore, the elastic adjusting component includes a central lead screw, the lower end of which is connected to the middle of the leveling shovel via a hinge; the central lead screw is fitted with a compression spring and a rotating pin sequentially from bottom to top, and is threadedly fitted with an adjusting handwheel; the rotating pin is rotatably connected to the frame body, and the central lead screw can slide axially relative to the rotating pin; by rotating the adjusting handwheel, the axial position of the central lead screw relative to the rotating pin can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the forward tilt angle of the leveling shovel.

[0022] Furthermore, the drip irrigation tape laying device includes:

[0023] A drip irrigation tape roll holder is installed above the frame body;

[0024] A unwinding rod is detachably and rotatably connected to the drip irrigation tape roll holder for threading the drip irrigation tape roll;

[0025] A trenching shovel, installed below the machine frame, is used to create trenches for laying drip irrigation tape on the seedbed;

[0026] A guide clamping device is installed on the frame body and located behind the trenching shovel. The guide clamping device has a flat perforation for the drip irrigation tape to pass through, which is used to guide the drip irrigation tape and prevent it from twisting during the laying process.

[0027] The guide wheel is mounted on the trenching shovel and located below the guide clamping device. The guide wheel can be adjusted up and down with the trenching shovel to guide the direction of the drip irrigation tape and prevent the drip irrigation tape from shifting.

[0028] Furthermore, the mulch film laying device includes:

[0029] A film frame, installed above the machine frame, is used to install the film rolls;

[0030] A guide tube is installed on the frame body and located below the film frame to guide the mulch film to unfold smoothly.

[0031] A film-pressing roller, installed below the frame, is used to guide and lay the mulch film on the seedbed;

[0032] Two trenching discs are installed below the frame body and are located in front of both ends of the pressing roller, respectively, for opening trenches at the corresponding edges of the mulch film;

[0033] Two film-spreading cones are rotatably mounted below the frame body and located behind both ends of the pressing roller, respectively, to flatten the edges of the film on both sides and press it into the trench;

[0034] Two soil-covering discs are rotatably installed below the frame body and are located behind the film-spreading cone wheel on the same side, for covering the soil on both sides of the film.

[0035] Furthermore, the mulch film laying device also includes a locking crank arm and a compression spring; one end of the locking crank arm is rotatably mounted on the frame body, and the other end is mounted on the soil covering disc; the compression spring is disposed between the locking crank arm and the frame body, and is used to provide elastic pressure to the locking crank arm so that the soil covering disc maintains a predetermined soil penetration depth.

[0036] Furthermore, the blocking member is a rotating body, which has a rotation axis parallel to the rolling axis of the seeding roller; the blocking member is located behind the moving nozzle plate along the rolling direction of the rolling ring wall.

[0037] Furthermore, the seed box and the sowing roller are mounted on the machine frame via a mounting bracket, which includes a fixed bracket, an L-shaped frame, and a pull rod. The fixed bracket is fixed to the machine frame, the front end of the L-shaped frame is hinged to the fixed bracket, and the sowing roller is mounted on the rear end of the L-shaped frame. The lower end of the pull rod is hinged to the L-shaped frame, and the upper end passes through a rotating part provided on the fixed bracket and extends upward. Compression springs are respectively sleeved above and below the fixed bracket on the pull rod, so that the L-shaped frame can elastically float relative to the fixed bracket in the vertical direction.

[0038] Furthermore, the pressing device includes a swing arm and a pressing wheel, with the front end of the swing arm hinged to the rear end of the frame body, and the pressing wheel mounted on the rear end of the swing arm.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0040] 1. By installing a seedbed leveling device at the front end of the frame, integrated operation of seedbed crushing, gathering, and leveling is achieved. The leveling shovel in the seedbed leveling device is connected to the frame via rigid adjusting members on both sides and via an elastic adjusting member in the middle. When the pushing resistance exceeds the preload of the elastic adjusting member, the leveling shovel can rotate and rise around its hinge point with the rigid adjusting member to avoid excessive soil breakage, effectively preventing congestion and dragging caused by excessive soil accumulation in front of the leveling shovel. Simultaneously, the rigid adjusting members on both sides of the leveling shovel can independently adjust the soil penetration depth, and the elastic adjusting member in the middle can independently adjust the forward tilt angle, achieving functional separation of soil penetration depth adjustment and angle adjustment. Operators can flexibly set operating parameters according to different soil types and moisture content conditions, significantly improving the device's adaptability to different soil conditions.

[0041] 2. By installing ear-shaped plates on the fixed sidewall of the seeding drum and installing blocking components at the outer ends of the ear-shaped plates, and positioning the blocking components on the revolution trajectory of the moving nozzle of the duckbill seed metering device as it rolls with the seeding drum, the periodic automatic unclogging of the duckbill seed metering device is achieved. When the moving nozzle closes and rolls with the seeding drum to contact the blocking component, the blocking component applies a blocking force to the moving nozzle, forcing it to open again. The soil adhering to the inner and outer surfaces of the moving nozzle and the gap between the moving and fixed nozzles is loosened and dislodged due to the sudden rotation of the moving nozzle. This unclogging process is performed once for each duckbill seed metering device every revolution of the seeding drum. It requires no additional power source or manual intervention, effectively avoiding the problems of clay accumulation causing the duckbill seed metering device to open and close improperly, resulting in missed sowing and double sowing, thus ensuring the consistency of sowing depth and sowing quality.

[0042] 3. The machine integrates seedbed leveling, compaction, drip irrigation tape laying, mulching, sowing on the film, and post-compaction operations onto a single frame, completing six processes in one go and achieving multi-functional joint operation. The functional modules are arranged sequentially from front to back on the frame, ensuring a smooth workflow without interference between modules. This significantly reduces the number of times the tractor needs to be deployed, lowers operating costs and labor intensity, and improves the efficiency and sowing quality of direct seeding of chili peppers. It is particularly suitable for mechanized direct seeding operations under complex agronomical conditions such as intercropping chili peppers with wheat. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cooperative structure of the three-point suspension frame, the transverse main beam, the contour frame, and the drip irrigation tape laying device in this invention.

[0045] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the trenching shovel in this invention;

[0046] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the seed bed leveling device in this invention;

[0047] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the seedbed leveling device from another perspective in this invention;

[0048] Figure 6 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of part I in the image;

[0049] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mulch film laying device in this invention;

[0050] Figure 8 This is a rear view of the mulch film laying device in this invention;

[0051] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the sowing device in this invention;

[0052] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the seeding device from another perspective in this invention;

[0053] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the pressing device in this invention.

[0054] In the diagram: 100, Three-point suspension frame; 200, Transverse main beam; 300, Contouring frame; 310, Parallel four-bar linkage; 320, Frame body; 400, Seed bed leveling device; 420, Leveling shovel; 430, Rigid adjusting component; 431, Main lead screw; 432, Adjusting nut; 440, Elastic adjusting component; 441, Intermediate lead screw; 442, Compression spring; 443, Rotating pin; 444, Adjusting handwheel; 450, Pressing roller; 460, Self-aligning bearing seat; 470, Scraper; 500, Drip irrigation tape laying device; 510, Drip irrigation tape roll holder; 520, Unwinding round rod; 530, Trenching shovel; 540, Guide clamping device; 550, Guide wheel; 600. Mulch film laying device; 610. Film frame; 620. Guide tube; 630. Film pressing roller; 640. Furrowing disc; 650. Film spreading cone wheel; 660. Soil covering disc; 670. Locking crank arm; 680. Compression spring; 700. Seeding device; 710. Mounting frame; 711. Fixing bracket; 712. L-shaped frame; 713. Tie rod; 714. Compression spring; 720. Seed box; 730. Seeding unit; 731. Seeding roller; 732. Ear-shaped plate; 733. Blocking component; 734. Duckbill seed metering device; 7341. Fixed nozzle plate; 7342. Moving nozzle plate; 800. Pressing device; 810. Swinging arm; 820. Pressing wheel. Detailed Implementation

[0055] The present invention will be explained in detail through the following embodiments. The purpose of disclosing the present invention is to protect all technical improvements within the scope of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are only corresponding to the drawings of this application for the convenience of describing the present invention. The terms "end," "side," "end portion," "side part," "lateral," "longitudinal," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are only corresponding to the length and width of the corresponding components. That is, "end portion" indicates the beginning and end areas in the length direction of the corresponding component, and "side part" indicates the beginning and end areas in the width direction of the corresponding component. The term "provided with" should be understood in the art as "provided with" or "assembled with," and does not limit the specific connection method. The term "corresponding" should be understood in the art as being used to describe the relative positional relationship, functional cooperation relationship, or spatial alignment relationship between two components. For the convenience of describing the present invention, it is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation.

[0056] Example 1, as Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, a seeder integrating seedbed preparation, drip irrigation mulching, and contouring is provided, comprising a three-point suspension frame 100, a transverse main beam 200, a contouring frame 300, a seedbed leveling device 400, a drip irrigation tape laying device 500, a mulch film laying device 600, a seeding device 700, and a compaction device 800.

[0057] The transverse main beam 200 extends horizontally in the left-right direction and is made of high-strength rectangular steel pipe or I-beam, possessing sufficient bending strength and torsional stiffness. A three-point suspension frame 100 is fixedly installed in the middle of the transverse main beam 200. The three-point suspension frame 100 is a standard three-point suspension structure, including two lower suspension points and one upper suspension point, used to connect with the rear-mounted three-point suspension device of the tractor, realizing the attachment, lifting, and traction of the entire machine with the tractor.

[0058] The contouring frame 300 includes a parallel four-bar linkage 310 and a frame body 320. The frame body 320 is a rectangular frame structure, consisting of a left longitudinal beam, a right longitudinal beam, and multiple crossbeams connecting the left and right longitudinal beams. It is welded from structural steel and has sufficient structural strength and rigidity to support various operating modules such as the seedbed leveling device 400, the drip irrigation tape laying device 500, the mulch film laying device 600, the sowing device 700, and the compaction device 800.

[0059] The frame body 320 is connected to the lower part of the transverse main beam 200 via a parallel four-bar linkage 310. Specifically, the parallel four-bar linkage 310 is located at the rear of the transverse main beam 200. Preferably, the frame body 320 is connected to the lower part of the transverse main beam 200 via two parallel four-bar linkages 310 spaced apart on the left and right sides, respectively, with the two parallel four-bar linkages 310 located on the left and right sides of the frame body 320.

[0060] The parallel four-bar linkage 310 consists of four connecting rods hinged end-to-end, forming a deformable parallelogram structure. The front connecting rod is fixedly connected to the transverse main beam 200, and the rear connecting rod is fixedly connected to the frame body 320. When the seeder travels on uneven ground, the frame body 320 and its mounted operating modules can float up and down with the terrain. When the ground rises, the frame body 320 lifts, and the connecting rods of the parallel four-bar linkage 310 rotate around their hinge points, changing the shape of the parallelogram. When the ground sinks, the frame body 320 sinks under its own weight. Due to the constraint of the parallel four-bar linkage 310, the frame body 320 maintains a horizontal posture during its up-and-down movement, allowing the operating devices mounted on it to conform to the terrain and ensure consistent operating depth.

[0061] Specifically, the upper and lower connecting rods of the parallel four-bar linkage 310 are provided with limiting structures at both ends. The limiting structures abut against the connecting rods on the front or rear sides to limit the deformation angle of the parallel four-bar linkage 310.

[0062] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 As shown, two contouring frames 300 are spaced apart on the left and right sides of the transverse main beam 200, with each contouring frame 300 located on the left and right sides of the transverse main beam 200, respectively. Each set of contouring frames 300 corresponds to a frame body 320 and a set of working units. By setting one contouring frame 300 on each side, and by independently connecting the two contouring frames 300 to the transverse main beam 200 through a parallel four-bar linkage 310, independent contouring on the left and right sides is achieved, further improving the machine's adaptability to complex terrain.

[0063] In other embodiments, only one contour frame 300 may be provided, in which case the transverse main beam 200 or the three-point suspension frame 100 can be directly connected through the frame body 320.

[0064] The following is a description of each operating module on a contour frame 300:

[0065] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 4-6 As shown, the seedbed leveling device 400 is installed below the front end of the frame body 320 and is used to break up, gather, and level the soil to form a seedbed suitable for sowing.

[0066] The seedbed leveling device 400 includes a leveling shovel 420, a rigid adjusting component 430, and an elastic adjusting component 440.

[0067] The leveling shovel 420 has a V-shaped plate structure with its tip pointing backward. The V-shape allows the shovel's left and right sides to gather loose soil towards the center during operation. The lower end of the leveling shovel 420 has a rearward-curving section, which is bent along the lower edge of the shovel to enhance its bending stiffness and guide the loose soil to flow backward along the bend during operation.

[0068] Rigid adjusting components 430 are provided on both the left and right sides of the leveling shovel 420, with one set on each side. For example... Figure 4 As shown, each set of rigid adjusting components 430 includes a main lead screw 431 and adjusting nuts 432. The main lead screw 431 is a threaded rod, and its lower end is hinged to the corresponding side (left or right side) of the leveling shovel 420 via a hinge (such as a pin or a spherical bearing), allowing the leveling shovel 420 to rotate around the hinge point. The adjusting nuts 432 are rotatably connected to the front crossbeam of the frame body 320. Specifically, the upper end of the main lead screw 431 passes through the frame body 320 and is screwed with two adjusting nuts 432, with the two adjusting nuts 432 respectively abutting against the top and bottom of the frame body 320. When the two adjusting nuts 432 are rotated in the same direction, the main lead screw 431 moves up and down relative to the frame body 320, thereby driving the corresponding side of the leveling shovel 420 to move up and down, realizing the adjustment of the soil penetration depth of the leveling shovel 420.

[0069] The elastic adjustment element 440 is located in the middle of the leveling shovel 420. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the elastic adjusting member 440 includes an intermediate lead screw 441, a compression spring 442, a rotating pin 443, and an adjusting handwheel 444.

[0070] Rotary pin 443 is rotatably connected to the middle of the front crossbeam of the frame body 320. Specifically, rotary pin 443 is mounted on the frame body 320 through bearings or pin holes and can rotate freely about its own axis. Rotary pin 443 has a radially through hole through which the intermediate lead screw 441 passes and can slide up and down relative to rotary pin 443 along its own axis.

[0071] The lower end of the intermediate lead screw 441 is hinged to the middle of the leveling shovel 420 via a hinge (such as a pin or a spherical bearing), allowing the leveling shovel 420 to rotate around this hinge point. A compression spring 442 is fitted onto the intermediate lead screw 441 and is located between the rotating pin 443 and the limiting structure (such as a retaining ring or a stepped surface) at the lower end of the intermediate lead screw 441. The compression spring 442 has a certain initial compression, i.e., preload, upon installation. The adjusting handwheel 444 is threaded into the upper end of the intermediate lead screw 441, and the adjusting handwheel 444 is axially limited relative to the rotating pin 443.

[0072] When the operator rotates the adjusting handwheel 444, the intermediate screw 441 slides axially up and down relative to the rotating pin 443 under the action of the thread, thereby pushing the middle part of the leveling shovel 420 to swing up and down, thus adjusting the pitch angle of the leveling shovel 420 around its left and right hinge points, that is, adjusting the forward tilt angle of the leveling shovel 420 (the angle between the shovel surface and the horizontal plane). By adjusting the forward tilt angle, the pushing angle of the leveling shovel 420 can be changed to adapt to the operational needs of different soil types (sand, loam, clay) and moisture content conditions.

[0073] When the leveling shovel 420 is operating normally, under the preload of the compression spring 442, the position of the intermediate screw 441 relative to the rotating pin 443 remains stable, and the leveling shovel 420 maintains the set forward tilt angle and soil penetration depth to perform soil breaking operation.

[0074] When the amount of broken soil accumulated in front of the leveling shovel 420 increases, or when it encounters a hard object causing a sharp increase in pushing resistance, this resistance acts on the lower end of the intermediate screw 441 through the leveling shovel 420, generating an upward component force along the axial direction of the intermediate screw 441. When this component force exceeds the preload of the compression spring 442, the intermediate screw 441 slides upward relative to the rotating pin 443, the compression spring 442 is further compressed, and the middle part of the leveling shovel 420 is lifted upward. Since the left and right sides of the leveling shovel 420 are hinged to the frame body 320 through rigid adjusting parts 430, the leveling shovel 420 as a whole rotates and lifts around its hinge points on the left and right sides. That is, the tip of the V-shaped structure at the rear end of the leveling shovel 420 swings upward, thereby automatically increasing the clearance for broken soil to pass through, allowing excess broken soil to pass under the leveling shovel 420, effectively avoiding congestion and dragging caused by a large accumulation of broken soil in front of the leveling shovel 420. After the excess soil has passed through, the bulldozing resistance decreases. Under the restoring force of the compression spring 442, the intermediate screw 441 slides downward, and the leveling shovel 420 automatically returns to the preset forward tilt angle and working position.

[0075] In the above structure, the function of adjusting handwheel 444 is to set the initial forward tilt angle of leveling shovel 420, while the function of compression spring 442 is to provide the elastic restoring force required for overload avoidance. The two functions are independent of each other and do not interfere with each other. The operator can independently and accurately adjust the forward tilt angle of leveling shovel 420 without affecting the overload avoidance performance of the spring.

[0076] The compaction roller 450 is rotatably mounted below the frame 320 and located behind the leveling shovel 420. The compaction roller 450 is cylindrical, with its axis extending laterally along the frame 320. It is used to compact the broken soil leveled by the leveling shovel 420, forming a flat and appropriately compacted seedbed. The compaction roller 450 is a hollow cylindrical structure made of metal with a smooth outer surface.

[0077] The press roller 450 is rotatably mounted on the left and right longitudinal beams of the frame body 320 via self-aligning bearing seats 460. The self-aligning bearing seats 460 have an automatic self-aligning function, which can automatically compensate for the coaxiality deviation caused by machining or assembly errors during the installation of the press roller 450, ensuring that the press roller 450 rotates flexibly and smoothly, extending the service life of the bearings, and preventing uneven compaction of the seed bed due to roller skew.

[0078] It should be noted that the self-aligning bearing housing 460 includes a bearing housing body and a self-aligning ball bearing disposed within the bearing housing body. The bearing housing body is fixedly connected to the left and right longitudinal beams of the seed bed leveling machine frame 410 by bolts. The outer ring of the self-aligning ball bearing is spherical, which mates with the spherical inner hole of the bearing housing body, and can automatically compensate for coaxiality deviations caused by machining or assembly errors during the installation of the press roller 450.

[0079] A scraper 470 is fixedly installed below the frame 320 and behind the pressing roller 450. The scraper 470 extends along the axis of the pressing roller 450, and its working end (lower end) abuts against the outer surface of the pressing roller 450. In this embodiment, the contact position between the scraper 470 and the pressing roller 450 is located below the rear side of the pressing roller 450. This arrangement allows the soil scraped by the scraper 470 to fall naturally under gravity, preventing soil accumulation on the scraper 470. When the pressing roller 450 is operating on wet clay soil, soil easily adheres to the outer surface of the pressing roller 450, forming a mud film or clod, affecting the pressing effect and increasing the rotational resistance of the pressing roller 450. Through the relative movement between the scraper 470 and the surface of the pressing roller 450, the adhered soil is continuously scraped off, keeping the surface of the pressing roller 450 clean and ensuring consistent pressing effect. Preferably, the scraper 470 is made of a wear-resistant elastic material (such as polyurethane or spring steel plate), and its working end maintains appropriate contact pressure with the press roller 450.

[0080] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the drip irrigation tape laying device 500 is installed on the frame body 320 and located behind the compaction roller 450, and is used to lay drip irrigation tape on the seedbed surface after it has been compacted by the compaction roller 450.

[0081] The drip irrigation tape laying device 500 includes a drip irrigation tape roll holder 510, a roll-up rod 520, a trenching shovel 530, a guide clamping device 540, and a guide wheel 550.

[0082] The drip irrigation tape roll holder 510 is fixedly installed above the frame body 320 to support the drip irrigation tape roll. The drip irrigation tape roll holder 510 has a symmetrical frame structure and a U-shaped slot at the upper end.

[0083] The unwinding rod 520 is a cylindrical rod with baffles near both ends. Both ends are detachably engaged with the U-shaped slots on the upper end of the drip irrigation tape roll holder 510. The drip irrigation tape roll is threaded onto the unwinding rod 520 and can rotate freely around the unwinding rod 520 to achieve passive unwinding of the drip irrigation tape.

[0084] The trenching shovel 530 is fixedly installed below the frame body 320, located at the rear and lower part of the drip irrigation tape roll 510. The lower front side (i.e., the trenching section) of the trenching shovel 530 has a sharp corner, used to create a shallow trench in the seedbed to accommodate the drip irrigation tape, preventing displacement of the drip irrigation tape after it is laid. In this embodiment, there is one trenching shovel 530, located in the middle of the width direction of the seedbed.

[0085] The guide clamping device 540 is mounted on the frame body 320 and located behind the handle of the trenching shovel 530. The guide clamping device 540 has a flat perforation for the drip irrigation tape to pass through. The cross-sectional shape of the flat perforation is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the drip irrigation tape. It is used to guide the drip irrigation tape from the unwinding rod 520 to the trenching shovel 530 and to restrict the twisting of the drip irrigation tape during the conveying process, so as to prevent the drip irrigation tape from turning over or twisting during the laying process.

[0086] The guide wheel 550 is mounted on the trenching shovel 530 (specifically, at the rear end of the trenching section of the trenching shovel 530) and located below the guide clamping device 540. The guide wheel 550 is a freely rotatable disc-shaped roller with an annular guide groove on its rim, through which the drip irrigation tape passes. The guide wheel 550 is mounted behind the trenching shovel 530 and can be adjusted up and down with the trenching shovel 530 to adjust the laying height and soil entry angle of the drip irrigation tape. The guide wheel 550 guides the drip irrigation tape to accurately fall into the trench opened by the trenching shovel 530, preventing the drip irrigation tape from shifting left or right during laying.

[0087] During operation, the drip irrigation tape roll is placed on the unwinding rod 520. The free end of the drip irrigation tape is led out from the drip irrigation tape roll, passes through the flat perforation of the guide clamping device 540 and the guide groove of the guide wheel 550 in sequence, and falls into the trench behind the trenching shovel 530. As the whole machine moves forward, the drip irrigation tape is passively released from the drip irrigation tape roll under the action of traction force and is continuously laid in the trench on the surface of the seed bed.

[0088] like Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the mulch film laying device 600 is installed on the frame body 320 and located behind the drip irrigation tape laying device 500, and is used to cover the seedbed with mulch film after the drip irrigation tape has been laid.

[0089] The mulch film laying device 600 includes a film frame 610, a guide tube 620, a film pressing roller 630, a trenching disc 640, a film spreading cone 650, and a soil covering disc 660.

[0090] The film frame 610 is fixedly installed above the frame body 320, located behind the drip irrigation tape roll holder 510. The film frame 610 is a symmetrical frame structure with slots on both sides for mounting the mulch film roll mandrel. The mulch film roll is rotatably mounted on the film frame 610 via the mandrel and can rotate freely around the mandrel to achieve passive unwinding of the mulch film.

[0091] The guide tubes 620 are fixedly installed on the frame body 320 and located below the film frame 610. The guide tubes 620 are at least a pair of cylindrical hollow tubes extending horizontally in the left-right direction, with both ends mounted on the frame body 320 via bearing seats or fixing seats. After being drawn from the film roll, the mulch film passes through the gap between the pair of guide tubes 620. Guided by the guide tubes 620, the mulch film is smoothly unfolded in the width direction, preventing folds or wrinkles.

[0092] The film-pressing roller 630 is installed below the frame body 320, located behind and below the guide tube 620. The film-pressing roller 630 is a cylindrical roller with its axis extending in the left-right direction. It is rotatably mounted on the left and right longitudinal beams of the frame body 320 via bearing seats (such as self-aligning bearing seats). After the mulch film is led out from the guide tube 620, it passes under the film-pressing roller 630, which presses the mulch film firmly onto the seedbed surface, ensuring the mulch film is smoothly adhered to the seedbed.

[0093] Two trenching discs 640 are respectively installed below the frame body 320 and located in front of both ends of the pressing roller 630. Each trenching disc 640 is a disc-shaped soil cutting component, with its axis tilted at a certain angle (usually 15°~30°) relative to the left and right directions. Specifically, the trenching disc 640 is an arc-shaped component that bulges inward and backward towards the frame body 320 along its radial direction, so that the direction of cutting into the soil is forward. It is used to rotate and cut into the soil at positions corresponding to the edges of the mulch film on both sides, creating trenches to accommodate the edges of the mulch film.

[0094] Two film-spreading conical rollers 650 are rotatably mounted below the frame body 320, located behind both ends of the pressing roller 630. The film-spreading conical rollers 650 are frustoconical or truncated cone-shaped rollers, with their smaller ends facing the inside of the mulch film and their larger ends facing the outside. They are used to flatten the edges of the mulch film outwards and press it into the trench opened by the trenching disc 640. The conical surface of the film-spreading conical rollers 650 contacts the edge of the mulch film, pressing the edge of the mulch film towards the bottom of the trench during rolling.

[0095] Two soil-covering discs 660 are rotatably mounted below the frame body 320, and are located behind the film-spreading cone wheel 650 on the same side. The soil-covering disc 660 is a disc-shaped soil-covering component, and its axis is tilted at a certain angle (usually 15°~30°) relative to the vertical direction and the left and right direction. Specifically, the soil-covering disc 660 is an arc-shaped component that bulges outward and forward from the outside of the frame body 320 along its radial direction, so that the soil entry direction is forward. It is used to scoop up the soil outside the trench during rotation and guide it into the trench, and to press and fix the edge of the mulch film into the trench.

[0096] like Figure 7As shown, the soil-covering disc 660 is mounted to the frame 320 via an elastic mounting structure. The elastic mounting structure includes a locking crank arm 670 and a compression spring 680. The locking crank arm 670 is an L-shaped or bent component, with one end (front end) rotatably mounted below the frame 320 via a pin, and the other end (rear end) mounted with the soil-covering disc 660. The compression spring 680 is positioned between the locking crank arm 670 and the frame 320, providing elastic pressure to the locking crank arm 670 to maintain the soil-covering disc 660 at a predetermined depth. When encountering excessive soil resistance, the locking crank arm 670 can overcome the elastic force of the compression spring 680 and swing upwards, automatically raising the soil-covering disc 660 to avoid damage to both the soil-covering disc 660 and the frame 320. In this embodiment, the compression spring 680 is a helical compression spring, with its two ends abutting against the locking crank arm 670 and the frame 320, respectively.

[0097] In other embodiments, the locking crank arm 670 may also be hinged with a guide rod, the upper end of which passes through the compression spring 680 and the waist-shaped hole of the frame body 320, and is provided with a limiting structure (such as a fixing ring). The limiting structure presses against the top surface of the frame body 320 directly or through an elastic element (such as a spring).

[0098] In other embodiments, the compression spring 680 may also be other elastic elements such as a rubber spring.

[0099] like Figure 9 , Figure 10 As shown, the seeding device 700 is installed on the frame body 320 and located behind the mulch film laying device 600, and is used to sow seeds on the laid mulch film.

[0100] In this embodiment, two seeding devices 700 are installed on a frame body 320, spaced apart from each other. The two seeding devices 700 are located on the left and right sides of the drip irrigation tape laying device 500, respectively. Specifically, the two seeding devices 700 and the drip irrigation tape laying device 500 are arranged in an isosceles triangle.

[0101] The seeding device 700 is mounted on the frame body 320 via a mounting bracket 710. The mounting bracket 710 includes a fixed bracket 711, an L-shaped frame body 712, and a pull rod 713.

[0102] The fixed bracket 711 is fixedly installed on the rear crossbeam of the frame body 320 by bolts or U-bolts. The upper end of the fixed bracket 711 is provided with a rotating part (not separately marked in the figure), which is a bushing or pin that can rotate around its own axis.

[0103] The L-shaped frame 712 has a horizontal section and a vertical section, and is L-shaped overall. The lower end of the vertical section is connected to the rear end of the horizontal section. The front end of the horizontal section is hinged to the lower part of the fixed bracket 711 by a pin, so that the L-shaped frame 712 can swing in the vertical direction relative to the fixed bracket 711 around the hinge point.

[0104] The pull rod 713 is a vertically arranged round rod, with its lower end hinged near the connection between the vertical and horizontal sections of the L-shaped frame 712, and its upper end passing through the rotating part on the fixed bracket 711 and extending upward. Compression springs 714 are respectively fitted above and below the fixed bracket 711 on the pull rod 713. Specifically, the upper end of the compression spring 714 located above the fixed bracket 711 is limited by a limiting structure (such as a limiting nut) at the top of the pull rod 713, and its lower end abuts against the upper end face of the rotating part; the upper end of the compression spring 714 located below the fixed bracket 711 abuts against the lower end face of the rotating part, and its lower end abuts against the limiting structure at the lower end of the L-shaped frame 712 or the pull rod 713. The two compression springs 714 work together to keep the L-shaped frame 712 in a preset intermediate position when no external force is applied. When subjected to upward or downward external force, the L-shaped frame 712 can overcome the elastic force of the corresponding spring and float up and down.

[0105] The sowing device 700 also includes a seed box 720 and a sowing unit 730, wherein the sowing unit 730 includes a sowing roller 731. The seed box 720 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the vertical section of the L-shaped frame 712. The seed box 720 is a box structure with an open top, used for storing chili seeds. The bottom of the seed box 720 is provided with a seed drop opening, which is connected to the seed receiving cavity of the sowing roller 731 through a seed guide tube.

[0106] The seeding roller 731 is installed at the rear end of the horizontal section of the L-shaped frame 712. Specifically, the roller shaft of the seeding roller 731 is installed on both sides of the rear end of the horizontal section of the L-shaped frame 712 through bearing seats, so that the seeding roller 731 can rotate freely around its own axis.

[0107] The seeding roller 731 has a cylindrical hollow structure, with fixed sidewalls at both axial ends (not individually labeled in the figure). These fixed sidewalls do not rotate with the seeding roller 731. A rolling ring wall (not individually labeled in the figure) connects the two fixed sidewalls. The rolling ring wall is cylindrical, and its outer surface is used to contact the surface of the mulch film and rolls as the machine moves forward. The radially inner side of the rolling ring wall is a seed-receiving cavity for temporarily storing chili seeds from the seed box 720. It should be noted that the seeding roller 731 is prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0108] Multiple duckbill-type seed metering devices 734 are evenly spaced along the circumference of the rolling ring wall. The number of duckbill-type seed metering devices 734 is determined according to the plant spacing requirements and is not specifically limited. In this embodiment, there are 7 duckbill-type seed metering devices 734, evenly distributed along the circumference of the rolling ring wall.

[0109] Each duckbill seed meter 734 passes through the rolling ring wall and partially protrudes from its outer surface. The duckbill seed meter 734 includes a fixed beak plate 7341 and a movable beak plate 7342. The fixed beak plate 7341 is fixedly mounted on the rolling ring wall, with a sharp tip for piercing the mulch film and inserting into the soil. The movable beak plate 7342 is hinged to the fixed beak plate 7341 via a hinge shaft, allowing the movable beak plate 7342 to rotate relative to the fixed beak plate 7341 within a predetermined angle range around the hinge shaft. A return spring (not shown) is provided between the movable beak plate 7342 and the fixed beak plate 7341, providing an elastic force that rotates the movable beak plate 7342 towards the fixed beak plate 7341, thereby keeping the duckbill seed meter 734 closed in its natural state.

[0110] When the duckbill seed metering device 734 rolls with the seeding roller 731 to near its lowest point, the fixed nozzle 7341 pierces the mulch film and inserts into the soil. At this time, the outer end of the movable nozzle 7342 touches the ground, causing it to rotate outward relative to the fixed nozzle 7341, opening the duckbill seed metering device 734, and allowing the seeds to fall into the seed hole under gravity. After the duckbill seed metering device 734 is pulled out of the soil, the outer end of the movable nozzle 7342 leaves the ground, and the movable nozzle 7342 returns to its closed state under the action of the return spring.

[0111] An ear-shaped plate 732 is fixedly installed on the fixed side wall of the seeding roller 731. The ear-shaped plate 732 is a plate-shaped component, the inner end of which (the end closest to the seeding roller 731) is fixed to the outer side of the fixed side wall by bolt connection or welding, and the outer end extends rearward along the rolling direction of the seeding roller 731 to the rear of the seeding roller 731. A blocking member 733 is installed at the outer end of the ear-shaped plate 732.

[0112] The blocking element 733 is located on the revolution trajectory of the moving nozzle 7342 of the duckbill seed metering device 734 as it rotates with the sowing drum 731. The revolution trajectory refers to the spatial trajectory traversed by the outer end of the moving nozzle 7342 as it revolves with the sowing drum 731. The blocking element 733 is positioned on this trajectory so that when the moving nozzle 7342 continues to roll with the sowing drum 731 in the closed state, it will inevitably come into contact with the blocking element 733.

[0113] The blocking element 733 is a rotating body, such as a deep groove ball bearing or a needle roller bearing. The rotating body is mounted to the outer end of the ear-shaped plate 732 by bolts or pins and has a rotation axis parallel to the rolling axis of the seeding roller 731, allowing the rotating body to rotate freely around its own axis. When the moving nozzle 7342 contacts the rotating body, the rotating body interacts with the moving nozzle 7342 through rolling friction, effectively reducing wear on the surface of the moving nozzle 7342. The blocking element 733 is located behind the duckbill seed metering device 734 in the rolling direction of the seeding roller 731, that is, the blocking element 733 is positioned downstream of the trajectory of the duckbill seed metering device 734 as it revolves with the seeding roller 731.

[0114] During operation, the duckbill seed metering device 734 rotates with the seeding roller 731. After the duckbill seed metering device 734 completes one seeding operation and is pulled out of the soil, the moving nozzle 7342 returns to the closed state under the action of the return spring. At this time, wet and sticky soil may adhere to the outer surface of the duckbill seed metering device 734, especially the outer surface of the moving nozzle 7342 and the gap between the moving nozzle 7342 and the fixed nozzle 7341.

[0115] As the seeding roller 731 continues to rotate, the closed duckbill seed metering device 734 gradually moves away from the lowest point and rotates backward. When the duckbill seed metering device 734 rotates to the position of the blocking member 733, the outer side of the moving nozzle 7342 contacts the blocking member 733. Since the blocking member 733 is fixed on the ear plate 732, the blocking member 733 applies a reverse blocking force to the moving nozzle 7342. The direction of this blocking force is opposite to the direction of movement of the moving nozzle 7342, forcing the moving nozzle 7342 to overcome the elastic force of the return spring and rotate outward at a certain angle relative to the fixed nozzle 7341, that is, the duckbill seed metering device 734 opens again.

[0116] The moment the duckbill seed metering device 734 reopens, the soil adhering to the inner and outer surfaces of the moving nozzle 7342, as well as the gap between the moving nozzle 7342 and the fixed nozzle 7341, loosens and falls off due to the sudden rotation of the moving nozzle 7342. Subsequently, the moving nozzle 7342 passes over the blocking member 733 and returns to its closed state under the action of the return spring, completing one full unblocking operation. This unblocking operation is performed once for each duckbill seed metering device 734 every time the seeding drum 731 rotates once, thus achieving periodic and automated unblocking without the need for an additional power source or manual intervention.

[0117] When the soil moisture content is high (e.g., humidity greater than 25%), during the insertion and extraction of the duckbill seed metering device 734, wet and sticky soil easily adheres to the outer surface of the moving nozzle 7342 and the gap between the moving nozzle 7342 and the fixed nozzle 7341. Without a clearing structure, the adhered soil will gradually accumulate, causing the duckbill seed metering device 734 to be surrounded by mud, reducing the actual opening depth, and even preventing the duckbill seed metering device 734 from breaking the film normally or from opening and closing smoothly. The clearing structure, which forces the moving nozzle 7342 to open again through the aforementioned blocking component 733, ensures that the adhered soil on the surface of the duckbill seed metering device 734 is promptly removed after each seed metering, avoiding soil accumulation and ensuring the cleanliness of the duckbill seed metering device 734 each time it enters the soil, thus ensuring that the seeds can fall stably into the seed hole.

[0118] like Figure 11 As shown, the compaction device 800 is installed below the rear end of the frame body 320 and behind the sowing device 700. It is used to compact the soil after sowing so that the seeds are in close contact with the soil, which is conducive to the seeds absorbing water and germinating.

[0119] In this embodiment, two pressing devices 800 are installed on a frame body 320, which are spaced apart from each other. The two pressing devices 800 are located directly behind the two sowing devices 700.

[0120] The compaction device 800 includes swing arms 810 and compaction wheels 820. Two swing arms 810 are respectively located on the left and right sides of the frame 320. Each swing arm 810 is a long, narrow rod, its front end hinged to the rear end of the frame 320 via a pin, allowing the swing arm 810 to swing up and down around the hinge point. The compaction wheel 820 is a cylindrical roller, rotatably mounted between the rear ends of the two swing arms 810 via an axle, with its axis extending horizontally in the left-right direction. During operation, the compaction wheel 820 compacts the ground under its own weight and the force transmitted by the swing arms 810, compacting the seed holes after sowing. When encountering uneven ground, the swing arms 810 can swing up and down around the hinge point, causing the compaction wheel 820 to float up and down with the terrain, ensuring that the compaction wheel 820 always maintains contact with the ground, achieving uniform compaction.

[0121] The working principle is as follows: First, connect the three-point suspension frame 100 of the seeder to the three-point suspension device of the tractor. The tractor pulls the entire machine forward through the three-point suspension device, and can raise and lower the entire machine as needed.

[0122] During operation, the machine moves forward along with the tractor.

[0123] Step 1: Seedbed Preparation. The seedbed leveling device 400, located at the very front of the machine, first contacts the soil. The V-shaped structure of the leveling shovel 420 breaks up the surface soil ridges and gathers the broken soil towards the center. The depth of the leveling shovel 420 is set by rotating the adjusting nuts 432 on both sides, and the forward tilt angle is set by rotating the adjusting handwheel 444. When too much broken soil accumulates in front of the leveling shovel 420 and the pushing resistance exceeds the preload of the compression spring 442, the leveling shovel 420 rotates and lifts around the hinge point at the lower end of the main screw 431, thus preventing a large accumulation of broken soil from causing congestion. After the accumulated broken soil has passed, the leveling shovel 420 automatically returns to the preset working position under the reset action of the compression spring 442. The soil, initially broken and gathered by the leveling shovel 420, reaches below the compaction roller 450. The compaction roller 450 rolls as it moves forward, compacting the loose broken soil to form a flat and uniformly compacted seedbed. Under wet, sticky soil conditions, the scraper 470 continuously scrapes away the soil adhering to the surface of the compaction roller 450 as the roller rolls, keeping the surface of the compaction roller 450 clean.

[0124] Step 2: Drip tape laying. The seedbed surface, after preparation, reaches the working area of ​​the drip tape laying device 500. The furrow opener 530 opens shallow furrows in the seedbed. After the drip tape is released from the drip tape roll, it is accurately laid in the furrow behind the furrow opener 530, guided by the flat perforation of the guide clamping device 540 and the guide wheel 550.

[0125] Step 3: Mulching. After the drip irrigation tape is laid, the seedbed reaches the working area of ​​the mulch film laying device 600. The furrowing disc 640 opens furrows at the edges of both sides of the mulch film. The mulch film is released from the mulch film roll, flattened by the guide tube 620, and then pressed onto the surface of the seedbed by the pressing roller 630. The spreading conical wheel 650 flattens the edges of the mulch film and presses it into the furrows. The soil covering disc 660 covers the edges of the mulch film with soil and compacts it, so that the mulch film is firmly fixed to the seedbed.

[0126] Step 4: Sowing on the film. The seedbed covered with mulch film arrives at the working area of ​​the sowing device 700. The sowing roller 731 rolls on the surface of the mulch film. When the duckbill seed metering device 734 rotates to the lowest point with the sowing roller 731, it pierces the mulch film and inserts into the soil. The duckbill seed metering device 734 opens to complete the seeding. After the duckbill seed metering device 734 is pulled out of the soil and closes, it continues to roll with the sowing roller 731 to the position of the blocking member 733. The blocking member 733 forces the moving nozzle 7342 to open again, knocking off the adhering soil and completing the automatic unblocking. The compression spring 714 on the mounting frame 710 makes the sowing roller 731 float elastically with the undulation of the ground, ensuring that the duckbill seed metering device 734 penetrates the soil at a consistent depth. At the same time, the parallel four-bar linkage 310 of the contour frame 300 keeps the entire frame body 320 horizontally contoured with the terrain, further ensuring the consistency of the working depth of each working device under different terrain conditions.

[0127] Step 5: Compaction. After sowing, the compaction wheel 820 of the compaction device 800 rolls above the sown holes to compact the soil, ensuring close contact between the seeds and the soil, thus completing all the steps.

[0128] The above five steps complete the five processes of seedbed preparation, drip irrigation tape laying, mulching, sowing on the film and compaction in one go, realizing multi-functional joint operation and greatly improving the efficiency and sowing quality of direct seeding of chili peppers.

[0129] Structures, components, and connection methods not described in detail in this invention are all prior art known to those skilled in the art unless otherwise specified. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the above embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting in all respects. The scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and therefore all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within this invention.

Claims

1. A seeder integrating seedbed preparation, drip irrigation mulching, and contour-following, characterized in that, include: A transverse main beam (200) is provided with a three-point suspension bracket (100) for connecting to a tractor; The contouring frame (300) includes a parallel four-bar linkage (310) and a frame body (320). The frame body (320) is connected to the lower part of the transverse main beam (200) through the parallel four-bar linkage (310). The frame body (320) can move up and down in contouring motion with the undulation of the ground. A seedbed leveling device (400) is installed below the front end of the frame body (320) and is used to break, gather, and level the soil to form a seedbed. The seedbed leveling device (400) includes a leveling shovel (420). The left and right sides of the leveling shovel (420) are connected to the frame body (320) through rigid adjusting members (430). The middle part of the leveling shovel (420) is connected to the frame body (320) through an elastic adjusting member (440). When the pushing resistance exceeds the preload of the elastic adjusting member (440), the leveling shovel (420) can rotate and lift around its hinge point with the rigid adjusting member (430) to avoid excessive soil breakage. The compaction roller (450) is rotatably installed below the frame body (320) and located behind the leveling shovel (420) for compacting the soil leveled by the leveling shovel (420); A drip irrigation tape laying device (500) is installed on the frame body (320) and located behind the press roller (450) for laying drip irrigation tape on the seed bed; A mulch film laying device (600) is installed on the frame body (320) and located behind the drip irrigation tape laying device (500) for covering the seedbed with mulch film after the drip irrigation tape is laid; A sowing device (700) is installed on the frame body (320) and located behind the mulch film laying device (600). The sowing device (700) includes a seed box (720) and a sowing unit (730). The sowing unit (730) includes a sowing roller (731) and a plurality of duckbill seed metering devices (734) disposed on the rolling ring wall of the sowing roller (731). The seed box (720) is disposed above and communicates with the sowing roller (731) to supply seeds to the sowing roller (731). Each duckbill seed metering device (734) has a fixed beak piece (7341) and a movable beak piece (7341) hinged together. 342); an ear-shaped plate (732) is fixedly provided on the fixed side wall of the seeding roller (731), and a blocking member (733) is installed at the outer end of the ear-shaped plate (732). The blocking member (733) is located on the revolution trajectory of the moving nozzle (7342) as it rolls with the seeding roller (731); when the moving nozzle (7342) continues to roll with the rolling ring wall after it closes until it contacts the blocking member (733), the blocking member (733) applies a blocking force to the moving nozzle (7342), forcing the moving nozzle (7342) to rotate outward relative to the fixed nozzle (7341) and open up to remove the adhering soil; A compaction device (800) is installed below the rear end of the frame body (320) and behind the seeding device (700) for compacting the soil after seeding.

2. The seeder that integrates seedbed preparation, drip irrigation mulching, and contouring as described in claim 1, is characterized in that, Two contouring frames (300) are arranged at intervals on the left and right sides of the transverse main beam (200), respectively, so as to achieve independent contouring on the left and right sides.

3. The seeder according to claim 1, which integrates seedbed preparation, drip irrigation mulching, and contouring, is characterized in that... The rigid adjustment component (430) includes a main screw (431), the lower end of which is connected to the corresponding side of the leveling shovel (420) via a hinge; the upper end of the main screw (431) is threaded with an adjusting nut (432), and the adjusting nut (432) is rotatably connected to the front end of the frame body (320). By rotating the adjusting nut (432), the height of the main screw (431) is adjusted, thereby adjusting the soil penetration depth of the corresponding side of the leveling shovel (420).

4. The seeder according to claim 1, which integrates seedbed preparation, drip irrigation mulching, and contouring, is characterized in that... The elastic adjusting member (440) includes a middle lead screw (441), the lower end of which is connected to the middle of the leveling shovel (420) via a hinge; the middle lead screw (441) is fitted with a compression spring (442) and a rotating pin (443) from bottom to top, and is threaded with an adjusting handwheel (444); the rotating pin (443) is rotatably connected to the frame body (320), and the middle lead screw (441) can slide axially relative to the rotating pin (443); by rotating the adjusting handwheel (444), the axial position of the middle lead screw (441) relative to the rotating pin (443) can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the forward tilt angle of the leveling shovel (420).

5. The seeder according to claim 1, which integrates seedbed preparation, drip irrigation mulching, and contouring, is characterized in that... The drip irrigation tape laying device (500) includes: A drip irrigation tape roll holder (510) is installed above the frame body (320); A roll-up rod (520) is detachably and rotatably connected to the drip irrigation tape roll holder (510) for threading the drip irrigation tape roll; A trenching shovel (530) is installed below the frame body (320) and is used to open trenches for laying drip irrigation tape on the seedbed; A guide clamping device (540) is installed on the frame body (320) and located behind the trenching shovel (530). The guide clamping device (540) has a flat perforation for the drip irrigation tape to pass through, which is used to guide the drip irrigation tape to prevent it from twisting during the laying process. The guide wheel (550) is mounted on the trenching shovel (530) and located below the guide clamping device (540). The guide wheel (550) can be adjusted up and down with the trenching shovel (530) to guide the direction of the drip irrigation tape and prevent the drip irrigation tape from shifting.

6. The seeder according to claim 1, which integrates seedbed preparation, drip irrigation mulching, and contour-following, is characterized in that... The mulch film laying device (600) includes: A film frame (610) is installed above the frame body (320) for installing film rolls; A guide tube (620) is installed on the frame body (320) and located below the film frame (610) to guide the mulch film to unfold smoothly; A film pressing roller (630) is installed below the frame body (320) and is used to guide and lay the mulch film on the seed bed; Two trenching discs (640) are installed below the frame body (320) and are located in front of both ends of the pressing roller (630) to open trenches at the corresponding edges of the mulch film. Two film spreading cones (650) are rotatably installed below the frame body (320) and located behind both ends of the pressing roller (630), respectively, for spreading the edges of the film on both sides and pressing it into the trench; Two soil-covering discs (660) are rotatably installed below the frame body (320) and located behind the film-spreading cone wheel (650) on the same side, for covering the soil on both sides of the film.

7. The seeder according to claim 6, which integrates seedbed preparation, drip irrigation mulching, and contouring, is characterized in that... The mulch film laying device (600) further includes a locking crank arm (670) and a compression spring (680); one end of the locking crank arm (670) is rotatably mounted on the frame body (320), and the other end is mounted on the soil covering disc (660); the compression spring (680) is disposed between the locking crank arm (670) and the frame body (320) to provide elastic pressure to the locking crank arm (670) so that the soil covering disc (660) maintains a predetermined soil penetration depth.

8. The seeder according to claim 1, which integrates seedbed preparation, drip irrigation mulching, and contouring, is characterized in that... The blocking member (733) is a rotating body with a rotation axis parallel to the rolling axis of the seeding roller (731); the blocking member (733) is located behind the moving nozzle (7342) along the rolling direction of the rolling ring wall.

9. The seeder according to claim 1, which integrates seedbed preparation, drip irrigation mulching, and contouring, is characterized in that... The seed box (720) and the sowing roller (731) are mounted on the machine frame (320) via a mounting bracket (710). The mounting bracket (710) includes a fixed bracket (711), an L-shaped frame (712), and a pull rod (713). The fixed bracket (711) is fixed to the machine frame (320). The front end of the L-shaped frame (712) is hinged to the fixed bracket (711), and the sowing roller (731) is mounted on the rear end of the L-shaped frame (712). The lower end of the pull rod (713) is hinged to the L-shaped frame (712), and the upper end passes through the rotating part provided on the fixed bracket (711) and extends upward. The pull rod (713) is fitted with compression springs (714) above and below the fixed bracket (711), respectively, so that the L-shaped frame (712) floats elastically in the vertical direction relative to the fixed bracket (711).

10. The seeder according to claim 1, which integrates seedbed preparation, drip irrigation mulching, and contouring, is characterized in that... The pressing device (800) includes a swing arm (810) and a pressing wheel (820). The front end of the swing arm (810) is hinged to the rear end of the frame body (320), and the pressing wheel (820) is installed at the rear end of the swing arm (810).

Images