Seed box capacity and seeding row number adjustable air delivery and collection type seed metering device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of seed box capacity and sowing number adjustable air-sending collection and discharge type seed metering device, including shell assembly, adjustable capacity seed box assembly, drive assembly, seed supply assembly, air-sending seed guiding assembly and quick disassembly component. Shell assembly includes left and right opposite left shell and right shell;Adjustable capacity seed box assembly includes main seed tank, main seed tank cover, foreign matter screen, detachable auxiliary seed tank and auxiliary seed tank cover;Seed supply assembly includes seed metering shaft and replaceable seed supply cylinder;Air-sending seed guiding assembly includes seed drop port, fan, seed cleaning brush, row number air volume adjusting plug and clamping fixing plate;Quick disassembly component is arranged at the right side of right shell, and seed supply cylinder is quickly replaced.The application adjusts seed tank capacity by adding auxiliary seed tank, adjusts sowing row number by plug, replaces seed supply cylinder by quick disassembly component, can be used for wheat and sesame, millet and other crops with large difference in sowing amount and row spacing, improves seed metering device utilization, and reduces production cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural seeding equipment technology, specifically relating to a pneumatic seed metering device with adjustable seed box capacity and seeding row count. Background Technology

[0002] Henan Province has the largest planting area for wheat, sesame, and vegetables in my country, and also widely grows millet and other miscellaneous grain crops. Enabling a seed metering device to be used for both wheat and small-particle crops such as sesame, bok choy, and millet can significantly improve the utilization rate of the seed metering device and reduce the cost of mechanized planting.

[0003] However, the sowing rate for wheat is 10-12 kg / mu, while the sowing rate for seeds such as sesame, millet, and bok choy is between 0.3-1.0 kg / mu due to their smaller size and lighter weight. The sowing rate for wheat differs from that of the aforementioned small-sized seeds by 10-40 times. In addition, the row spacing for wheat and bok choy is about 20 cm, while the row spacing for sesame and millet is about 40 cm, a difference of 1:1.

[0004] Existing seed metering devices cannot simultaneously meet the sowing needs of both high-yield and low-yield crops. Their fixed seed box capacity and non-adjustable number of sowing rows necessitate the replacement of different seed metering devices for different crops, resulting in low equipment utilization and high production costs. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an air-pumped seed metering device with adjustable seed box capacity, adjustable sowing rows, and the ability to handle multiple crops. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a pneumatic seed metering device with adjustable seed box capacity and seeding row number. With adjustable seed box capacity, quick-change seed supply roller, and adjustable seeding row number, it can be used for crops with large differences in seeding rate and row spacing, such as wheat, sesame, millet, and Chinese cabbage, thereby improving the utilization rate of the seed metering device and reducing production costs.

[0006] This invention effectively solves the technical problems of traditional seed metering devices, such as limited crop compatibility, cumbersome debugging, and high energy consumption, by integrating an adjustable-volume seed box structure, a quick-assembly and reconfigurable seed supply structure, and an adaptive airflow row adjustment structure. It achieves universal sowing of multiple crops, significantly improving the equipment's versatility and adaptability to field operations. To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: The adjustable seed box capacity and seeding row number of the pneumatic seed metering device includes a housing assembly, an adjustable capacity seed box assembly, a drive assembly, a seed supply assembly, a pneumatic seed delivery assembly, and a quick assembly / disassembly assembly. The housing assembly includes a left housing and a right housing arranged opposite each other. The adjustable capacity seed box assembly is located in the upper part between the left and right shells; The seed supply component is horizontally positioned below the adjustable capacity seed box component in the left-right direction. The left end of the seed supply component passes through the left housing and is connected to the drive component, while the right end of the seed supply component passes through the right housing and is connected to the quick-release component. The air-pneumatic seed delivery component is located below the seed supply component, and the upper part of the air-pneumatic seed delivery component is connected to the bottom of the adjustable capacity seed box component. The drive assembly is fixedly installed on the left side of the left housing; the quick-release assembly is fixedly installed on the right side of the right housing.

[0007] Furthermore, the adjustable capacity seed box assembly includes a main seed box, a main seed box cover, a foreign object prevention screen, a secondary seed box, and a secondary seed box cover; The main seed box has an open-top and open-bottom box structure, and the left and right sides of the main seed box are fixedly connected to the left shell and the right shell respectively; The main seed box cover is hinged to the top rear side of the main seed box, and the main seed box cover can be flipped up and down around the hinge axis to open or close. The foreign object prevention screen is horizontally set in the upper middle part inside the main seed box, and the four sides of the foreign object prevention screen are fastened in the hanging groove on the inner wall of the main seed box. The secondary seed box is a funnel-shaped box with open top and bottom. The secondary seed box is detachably installed in the bottom center of the main seed box. The bottom opening of the secondary seed box fits against the upper outer cylindrical surface of the seed supply component. The secondary seed box cover closes onto the top opening of the secondary seed box, with the top of the secondary seed box cover contacting the bottom surface of the foreign object prevention screen. The secondary seed box is pressed and positioned by the main seed box cover (which is in the closed state) through the foreign object prevention screen and the secondary seed box cover.

[0008] Furthermore, the inner wall of the main seed box is provided with front and rear hanging grooves and left and right hanging grooves, and the anti-foreign object screen is embedded in the front and rear hanging grooves and left and right hanging grooves to achieve positioning. The lower left and right sides of the inner wall of the main seed box are respectively provided with auxiliary seed box fixing plates. The outer sides of the left and right side walls of the auxiliary seed box contact the auxiliary seed box fixing plates to achieve left and right direction limitation. The bottom of the secondary seed box has an arc-shaped opening that matches the outer cylindrical surface of the seed supply roller, and the arc-shaped surface at the bottom of the secondary seed box fits into the outer cylindrical surface of the seed supply roller.

[0009] Furthermore, the foreign object prevention screen includes a screen housing, a screen, and a screen positioning and mounting plate; The screen is set at the top of the screen housing, and the screen positioning mounting plate is vertically set at the center of the upper surface of the screen housing. The top of the screen positioning mounting plate is in contact with the bottom surface of the main seed box cover when it is closed.

[0010] Furthermore, the secondary seed box cover includes a top of the secondary seed box cover, a side wall of the secondary seed box cover, and a secondary seed box cover mounting and positioning handle; The side wall of the secondary seed box cover extends downward from the top edge of the secondary seed box cover, and the lower part of the side wall of the secondary seed box cover slopes inward to facilitate insertion into the top opening of the secondary seed box; The mounting and positioning handle of the secondary seed box cover is located in the center of the upper surface of the secondary seed box cover, and the top of the mounting and positioning handle of the secondary seed box cover is in contact with the bottom surface of the foreign object prevention screen.

[0011] Furthermore, the seed supply assembly includes a seed metering shaft, a seed supply roller, a coupling, and a spring retaining ring; The seed supply roller is sleeved on the seed dispensing shaft and rotates synchronously with the seed dispensing shaft. The outer cylindrical surface of the seed supply roller is provided with seed-taking holes evenly distributed along the circumferential and axial directions. The left end of the seeding shaft is connected to the output shaft of the drive motor of the drive assembly via a coupling; A shoulder is provided at the right end of the seed metering shaft. A spring retaining ring is sleeved on the seed metering shaft and located on the outside of the right end of the seed supply roller. The spring retaining ring contacts the right end face of the seed supply roller to achieve axial positioning.

[0012] Furthermore, the inside of the seed supply roller is hollowed out, and multiple reinforcing ribs are evenly spaced along the axial direction inside the seed supply roller; The seed-taking holes are arranged in multiple rows along the axial direction of the seed supply roller. Each two rows of seed-taking holes correspond to a sowing row, and the two rows of seed-taking holes corresponding to the same sowing row are staggered along the circumferential direction. Spacer rings are provided between the corresponding hole columns of adjacent seeding rows.

[0013] Furthermore, the air-pumped seed delivery assembly includes a seed inlet, a blower, a blower mounting plate, a seed cleaning brush, a seed unloading plate, a row number and air volume adjustment plug, and a clamping and fixing plate; The seed inlet is located below the seed supply component, and the top of the seed inlet is fixedly connected to the bottom of the main seed box; The fan is fixedly installed on the front side of the left and right housings by the fan mounting plate, and the air outlet of the fan is connected to the air inlet at the front of the seed drop port. The seed cleaning brush is fixedly installed at the upper front part of the seed inlet, and the bristles of the seed cleaning brush are in contact with the outer cylindrical surface of the front side of the seed supply roller. The seed discharge plate is detachably inserted into the upper rear part of the seed discharge port; Multiple seed outlets are provided at the rear of the seed inlet, and these multiple seed outlets are arranged in a left-right direction; The row number and air volume adjustment plug can be detached and installed in the unused seed outlet; The clamping and fixing plate is located at the rear of the seed inlet. The clamping and fixing plate is used to fix the seed guide tube and the row number air volume adjustment plug.

[0014] Furthermore, the seed drop opening is equipped with multiple partitions arranged at equal intervals along the left and right directions. These partitions divide the inner cavity of the seed drop opening into multiple independent airflow channels. The upper end of each airflow channel is connected to the air inlet of the seed drop opening, and the lower end of each airflow channel is connected to a corresponding seed outlet. The clamping plate includes an upper clamping plate and a lower clamping plate arranged symmetrically. The left and right ends of the upper and lower clamping plates are respectively hinged to the rear inner side of the left and right shells. The clamping plates can rotate around the hinge axis and are locked and fixed by fasteners.

[0015] Furthermore, the quick-assembly and disassembly components include a quick-connect plate, a seed supply roller shaft end baffle, a mounting bearing, and a positioning bushing; The quick-connect plate, the seed supply roller shaft end baffle, and the mounting bearing are fixedly connected as a whole by fasteners. The quick-connect plate is detachably fixed to the middle right side of the right housing by fasteners. The positioning bushing is fitted onto the right end of the seed metering shaft. The left end face of the positioning bushing contacts the shoulder of the seed metering shaft and the right end face of the seed supply roller. The right end face of the positioning bushing contacts the inner ring side of the bearing.

[0016] Using the above technical solution, the specific functions of the main components in this invention are as follows: Housing assembly: As the mounting base of the entire seed metering device, the left and right housings are used to support and fix the adjustable capacity seed box assembly, drive assembly, seed supply assembly, air-pumped seed guide assembly and quick-release assembly, ensuring the relative positional accuracy of each component.

[0017] Adjustable capacity seed box assembly: used to store seeds to be sown, and the seed box capacity can be adjusted according to the sowing rate of the crop.

[0018] Main seed box: Used as a large-capacity seed box, it is used alone when sowing crops with large seeding volumes such as wheat, and can hold a large number of seeds.

[0019] Main seed box cover: Used to seal the top of the main seed box to prevent seeds from spilling and foreign objects from entering. At the same time, when closed, it presses down the foreign object prevention screen and the secondary seed box cover to achieve the positioning of the secondary seed box.

[0020] Foreign object prevention screen: used to filter large particles of impurities in seeds, preventing impurities from entering the seed metering device and causing blockage, and also serves as the upper clamping and positioning component of the secondary seed box cover.

[0021] Secondary seed box: Used as a small-capacity seed box, it is placed in the center of the bottom of the main seed box when sowing small-quantity crops such as sesame and millet. This reduces the volume of the seed box and improves the height and uniformity of the seed layer at the bottom of the seed box when the seed quantity is small, thus improving the seeding quality.

[0022] Subsidiary seed box cover: Used to seal the top of the subsidiary seed box to prevent seeds from spilling out of the subsidiary seed box due to vibration or tilting of machinery during field operations. At the same time, it transmits the clamping force of the main seed box cover to achieve the positioning of the subsidiary seed box.

[0023] Drive assembly: including drive motor and motor mounting base, provides rotational power to the seed supply assembly, drives the seed supply roller to rotate to achieve seed dispensing.

[0024] Seed supply component: This is the core working part of the seed metering device. It achieves seed picking, filling, and dispensing through the rotation of the seed supply roller.

[0025] Seed metering shaft: transmits torque and drives the seed supply roller to rotate synchronously.

[0026] Seed feeding roller: The seed-collecting holes on the outer cylindrical surface are used to hold the seeds, and as the roller rotates, it brings the seeds from the seed box to above the seed outlet. Different crop types can be fitted with seed feeding rollers of corresponding hole specifications.

[0027] Coupling: Connects the output shaft of the drive motor and the seeding shaft to transmit torque.

[0028] Spring retainer ring: Restricts the axial position of the seed supply roller on the seed metering shaft to prevent the seed supply roller from slipping off the seed metering shaft during disassembly and assembly.

[0029] Reinforcing ribs: Enhance the structural strength of the seed supply roller while reducing its weight.

[0030] Spacer rings: Separate the seed rows corresponding to different seeding rows to prevent seeds from mixing.

[0031] Air-assisted seed delivery component: uses airflow to transport the seeds discharged from the seed supply component to the seed bed, while simultaneously adjusting the number of sowing rows.

[0032] Seed drop outlet: Serves as a transition channel between seeds and airflow, guiding the seeds falling from the seed supply roller into each seed outlet.

[0033] Fan: Generates high-speed airflow to blow seeds out of the seed outlet and transport them to the seed bed.

[0034] Fan mounting plate: Used to securely mount the fan onto the housing.

[0035] Seed cleaning brush: Removes excess seeds from the holes of the seed supply roller to ensure that the number of seeds in each hole meets the requirements.

[0036] Seed removal plate: After sowing, pull out the seed removal plate to discharge the remaining seeds in the seed box.

[0037] Row number and air volume adjustment plug: Insert into unused seed outlets to block unused seed outlets and reduce air volume loss.

[0038] Clamping and fixing plate: Used to fix the seed guide tube and the row number and air volume adjustment plug to prevent them from falling off due to vibration during operation.

[0039] Divider: Divides the inner cavity of the seed dropper into multiple independent airflow channels to ensure that each row of seeds is transported independently.

[0040] Quick-release assembly: Enables quick disassembly and replacement of the seed supply assembly, facilitating the replacement of seed supply rollers of the corresponding specifications when sowing different crops.

[0041] Quick-connect plate: Quickly fix or remove the seed supply component's right-end support by fasteners.

[0042] Seed supply roller shaft end baffle: It is fixed together with the quick-connect plate and the mounting bearing, and serves as the support end cover on the right end of the seed supply component.

[0043] Install bearings: Support the right end of the seed metering shaft to ensure that the seed metering shaft rotates flexibly.

[0044] Positioning sleeve: Fitted on the right end of the seed metering shaft to achieve axial positioning of the seed supply component.

[0045] In summary, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: (1) The seed box capacity is adjustable and it is suitable for various varieties: The seed box capacity can be quickly adjusted by adding or removing the auxiliary seed box in the main seed box. When sowing high-yield crops such as wheat, the main seed box is used, which has a large capacity and requires fewer seed additions. When sowing low-yield crops such as sesame and millet, the auxiliary seed box is added to reduce the seed box volume and improve the seed layer height and uniformity at the bottom of the seed box when the seed load is small, thus improving the seeding quality.

[0046] (2) Adjustable number of sowing rows and high fan utilization: By installing a row number and air volume adjustment plug on an idle seed outlet, the number of sowing rows can be adjusted according to the crop row spacing. When sowing crops with wide row spacing, part of the seed outlet is blocked to reduce air volume loss, improve the effective utilization rate of the fan, and reduce energy consumption.

[0047] (3) Quick replacement and convenient adjustment of seed supply rollers: Through quick disassembly and assembly of components, seed supply components can be quickly disassembled and installed, and seed supply rollers with different hole specifications can be replaced to adapt to the particle size and sowing rate requirements of different crop seeds.

[0048] (4) Compact structure and reliable positioning: The secondary seed box is positioned by pressing the main seed box cover with the foreign object screen and the secondary seed box cover layer by layer. No additional fasteners are required, and it is easy to disassemble and reassemble and the positioning is reliable.

[0049] (5) Good uniformity of seeding: Each seeding row corresponds to two columns of staggered seed-taking holes, which improves the uniformity and continuity of seeding and reduces the phenomenon of broken rows. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional view of the overall shape of the seed metering device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a full sectional view of the seed metering device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustable capacity seed box assembly of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the main type of box cover of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a full sectional view of the main seed box of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the foreign object prevention screen of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the secondary seed box cover of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the secondary seed box of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the seed supply component of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the unfolded hole of the high-volume crop seed supply roller (for wheat) of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the unfolded shape of the seed supply roller for small-volume crops (for sesame and millet) of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air-conveying seed delivery assembly of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the seed-dropping port structure of the present invention; Figure 14 These are the front and left views of the quick-assembly / disassembly component of the present invention.

[0051] Explanation of the labels in the attached drawings: 1-Adjustable capacity seed box assembly, 1-1-Main seed box cover, 1-1-1-Transverse reinforcing rib, 1-1-2-Longitudinal reinforcing rib, 1-1-3-Fixing beam, 1-1-4-Main seed box cover shell, 1-1-5-Hinge seat, 1-2-Main seed box, 1-2-1-Hanging ear, 1-2-2-Front and rear hanging slots, 1-2-3-Main seed box shell, 1-2-4-Left and right hanging slots, 1-2-5-Secondary seed box fixing plate, 1-3- Foreign object prevention screen, 1-3-1-reinforcing rib, 1-3-2-screen positioning and mounting plate, 1-3-3-screen, 1-3-4-screen shell, 1-4-sub-seed box cover, 1-4-1-sub-seed box cover mounting and positioning handle, 1-4-2-sub-seed box cover top, 1-4-3-sub-seed box cover side wall, 1-5-sub-seed box, 1-5-1-seed unloading port, 1-5-2-sub-seed box front and rear side walls, 1-5-3-sub-seed box left and right side walls; 2-Driver components; 3-1-Left shell, 3-2-Right shell; 4-Air-conveying seed guide assembly, 4-1-Seed cleaning brush, 4-2-Fan mounting plate, 4-3-Fan, 4-4-Seed drop port, 4-4-1-Seed box connection hole, 4-4-2-Seed cleaning brush mounting hole, 4-4-3-Partition plate, 4-4-4-Seed outlet, 4-4-5-Seed unloading hole, 4-5-Row number and air volume adjustment plug, 4-6-Clamping and fixing plate, 4-6-1-Fastening hole, 4-6-2-Mounting hole, 4-7-Seed unloading insert plate; 5-Quick assembly / disassembly components, 5-1-Quick mounting plate, 5-2-Seed supply roller shaft end baffle, 5-3-Installation bearing, 5-4-Positioning bushing; 6-Seed supply assembly, 6-1-Seed supply roller, 6-1-1-Reinforcing rib, 6-1-2-Seed picking hole, 6-1-3-Positioning rib, 6-1-4-Spacer ring, 6-1-5-Roller body, 6-2-Seed discharging shaft, 6-3-Set screw, 6-4-Coupling, 6-5-Spring retaining ring. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0053] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides an adjustable seed box capacity and seed row number pneumatic seed metering device, which includes an adjustable capacity seed box assembly 1, a drive assembly 2, a housing assembly, a pneumatic seed delivery assembly 4, a quick disassembly assembly 5, and a seed supply assembly 6.

[0054] The housing assembly includes a left housing 3-1 and a right housing 3-2 arranged opposite each other. Both the left housing 3-1 and the right housing 3-2 are vertically arranged plate-like structures that serve as the mounting support base for the entire seed metering device.

[0055] The adjustable capacity seed box assembly 1 is located in the upper part between the left shell 3-1 and the right shell 3-2. The left and right sides of the adjustable capacity seed box assembly 1 are fixedly connected to the upper parts of the left shell 3-1 and the right shell 3-2, respectively.

[0056] The seed supply component 6 is horizontally positioned below the adjustable capacity seed box component 1 in the left-right direction. The left end of the seed supply component 6 passes through the left housing 3-1 and is connected to the drive component 2, while the right end of the seed supply component 6 passes through the right housing 3-2 and is connected to the quick-release component 5.

[0057] The air-pneumatic seed delivery component 4 is located below the seed supply component 6. The upper part of the air-pneumatic seed delivery component 4 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the adjustable capacity seed box component 1. The left and right sides of the air-pneumatic seed delivery component 4 are fixedly connected to the left shell 3-1 and the right shell 3-2, respectively.

[0058] The drive assembly 2 is fixedly installed on the left side of the left housing 3-1. The drive assembly 2 includes a drive motor and a motor mounting base. The output shaft of the drive motor is arranged horizontally in the left-right direction.

[0059] The quick-release assembly 5 is fixedly installed in the middle right side of the right housing 3-2.

[0060] For ease of description, the front, back, left and right directions are defined in this embodiment, with the side where the fan 4-3 is located as the front, the side opposite the fan 4-3 as the back, the side where the drive assembly 2 is located as the left, and the side where the quick-release assembly 5 is located as the right.

[0061] like Figures 3 to 8 As shown, the adjustable capacity seed box assembly 1 includes a main seed box cover 1-1, a main seed box 1-2, a foreign object prevention screen 1-3, a secondary seed box cover 1-4, and a secondary seed box 1-5.

[0062] The main seed box 1-2 is an open-top and open-bottom box structure, including a main seed box shell 1-2-3. The upper part of the main seed box shell 1-2-3 has a rectangular cross-section, and the lower part has an inwardly tapering funnel-shaped cross-section. The left and right sides of the main seed box 1-2 are fixedly connected to the upper parts of the left shell 3-1 and the right shell 3-2, respectively, by bolts. The upper part of the inner wall of the main seed box shell 1-2-3 is provided with front and rear hanging grooves 1-2-2 and left and right hanging grooves 1-2-4. The front and rear hanging grooves 1-2-2 extend in the front-to-back direction and are arranged symmetrically from left to right, while the left and right hanging grooves 1-2-4 extend in the left-to-right direction and are arranged symmetrically from front to back. The lower part of the inner wall of the main seed box shell 1-2-3 is provided with auxiliary seed box fixing plates 1-2-5 on the left and right sides, respectively. The auxiliary seed box fixing plates 1-2-5 extend vertically in the front-to-back direction. The upper rear part of the main seed box 1-2 is provided with a hanging lug 1-2-1 for hinged connection to the main seed box cover 1-1.

[0063] The main seed box cover 1-1 includes a main seed box cover shell 1-1-4. The upper surface of the main seed box cover shell 1-1-4 is provided with transverse reinforcing ribs 1-1-1 and longitudinal reinforcing ribs 1-1-2. The transverse reinforcing ribs 1-1-1 extend in the left-right direction, and the longitudinal reinforcing ribs 1-1-2 extend in the front-back direction. The crisscrossing reinforcing ribs improve the structural strength of the main seed box cover. A fixing beam 1-1-3 is provided in the middle of the lower surface of the main seed box cover shell 1-1-4, extending in the left-right direction. The rear side of the main seed box cover 1-1 is hinged to the hook lug 1-2-1 at the rear of the main seed box 1-2 via a hinge seat 1-1-5. The main seed box cover 1-1 can be flipped up and down around the hinge axis, realizing the opening or closing of the top of the main seed box.

[0064] A foreign object prevention screen 1-3 is horizontally positioned in the upper-middle part inside the main seed box 1-2, comprising a screen housing 1-3-4, a screen 1-3-3, and a screen positioning and mounting plate 1-3-2. The screen housing 1-3-4 is a rectangular frame structure, with the screen 1-3-3 positioned at its upper part. The screen 1-3-3 has evenly distributed sieve holes for filtering large particles of impurities from the seeds. The screen positioning and mounting plate 1-3-2 is vertically positioned at the center of the upper surface of the screen housing 1-3-4, extending vertically along the front-to-back direction. The upper surface of the screen housing 1-3-4 also features reinforcing ribs 1-3-1, symmetrically arranged around the screen positioning and mounting plate 1-3-2. The screen housing 1-3-4 of the foreign object prevention screen 1-3 is embedded in the front and rear mounting grooves 1-2-2 and the left and right mounting grooves 1-2-4 of the inner wall of the main seed box 1-2, respectively, to achieve horizontal positioning. When the main seed box cover 1-1 is closed, the fixing beam 1-1-3 on the lower surface of the main seed box cover 1-1 presses against the top of the screen positioning mounting plate 1-3-2, to achieve vertical positioning of the foreign object prevention screen 1-3.

[0065] The secondary seed box 1-5 is a funnel-shaped box with open top and bottom, including front and rear side walls 1-5-2 and left and right side walls 1-5-3. The upper part of the secondary seed box 1-5 has a rectangular opening, and the lower part is a funnel shape that tapers inward. The bottom of the secondary seed box 1-5 has an arc-shaped opening that fits the outer cylindrical surface of the seed supply roller. A seed discharge port 1-5-1 is provided at the rear bottom of the secondary seed box 1-5 for discharging the remaining seeds in the secondary seed box. The secondary seed box 1-5 is detachably installed in the bottom center position inside the main seed box 1-2. The outer sides of the left and right side walls 1-5-3 of the secondary seed box contact the secondary seed box fixing plate 1-2-5 on the inner wall of the main seed box 1-2 to achieve lateral positioning. The arc surface of the bottom of the secondary seed box 1-5 fits against the outer cylindrical surface of the seed supply roller 6-1 to achieve vertical support and positioning.

[0066] The secondary seed box cover 1-4 fits over the top opening of the secondary seed box 1-5, and includes a cover top 1-4-2, a side wall 1-4-3, and a mounting handle 1-4-1. The side wall 1-4-3 extends downwards from the edge of the cover top 1-4-2, and its lower part slopes inwards to form a guide slope, facilitating insertion into the top opening of the secondary seed box 1-5. The mounting handle 1-4-1 is located at the center of the upper surface of the cover top 1-4-2, and protrudes upwards for easy handling and extraction. When the secondary seed box cover 1-4 is closed on the secondary seed box 1-5 and the main seed box cover 1-1 is closed, the top of the positioning handle 1-4-1 of the secondary seed box cover contacts the bottom surface of the screen shell 1-3-4 of the foreign object prevention screen 1-3. The fixing beam 1-1-3 of the main seed box cover 1-1 presses the foreign object prevention screen 1-3, the secondary seed box cover 1-4 and the secondary seed box 1-5 in sequence, so as to achieve reliable positioning of the secondary seed box 1-5.

[0067] like Figures 9 to 11 As shown, the seed supply assembly 6 includes a seed supply roller 6-1, a seed dispensing shaft 6-2, a set screw 6-3, a coupling 6-4, and a spring retaining ring 6-5.

[0068] The seed metering shaft 6-2 is arranged horizontally in the left-right direction. The left end of the seed metering shaft 6-2 passes through the left housing 3-1 and is connected to the output shaft of the drive motor of the drive assembly 2 through the coupling 6-4. The coupling 6-4 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the drive motor through the set screw 6-3. The right end of the seed metering shaft 6-2 is provided with a shoulder for axial positioning.

[0069] The seed supply roller 6-1 is mounted on the seed dispensing shaft 6-2 and rotates synchronously with it. The seed supply roller 6-1 includes a roller body 6-1-5, which is hollowed out internally to reduce weight. Multiple reinforcing ribs 6-1-1 are evenly spaced along the axial direction inside the roller body 6-1-5. These reinforcing ribs 6-1-1 have annular plate-like structures to enhance the structural strength of the roller. Seed-taking holes 6-1-2, evenly distributed along the circumference and axial direction, are provided on the outer cylindrical surface of the roller body 6-1-5. These seed-taking holes 6-1-2 have a pit-like structure for accommodating seeds.

[0070] The seed-collecting holes 6-1-2 are arranged in multiple rows along the axial direction of the seed supply roller 6-1. Each pair of rows of seed-collecting holes 6-1-2 corresponds to one sowing row. The two rows of seed-collecting holes 6-1-2 corresponding to the same sowing row are staggered in the circumferential direction, which can improve the uniformity of seed distribution and reduce row breakage. A spacer ring 6-1-4 is provided between the rows of holes corresponding to adjacent sowing rows. The spacer ring 6-1-4 is a ring-shaped protrusion structure used to separate the seeds of different sowing rows and prevent the seeds of different rows from mixing.

[0071] The right end of the seed supply roller 6-1 is provided with a positioning rib plate 6-1-3, which is an annular plate structure. The spring retaining ring 6-5 is fitted into the annular groove at the right end of the seed dispensing shaft 6-2. The spring retaining ring 6-5 is located on the right side of the positioning rib plate 6-1-3, and the left end face of the spring retaining ring 6-5 contacts the right end face of the positioning rib plate 6-1-3, restricting the axial movement of the seed supply roller 6-1 to the right and preventing the seed supply roller 6-1 from slipping off the seed dispensing shaft 6-2 when disassembling and assembling the seed supply assembly.

[0072] Depending on the crop being sown, the seed supply roller 6-1 comes in different specifications: for sowing crops with narrow row spacing and high seeding rates, such as wheat, the seed supply roller 6-1 has more sowing rows (e.g., 12 rows), and the seed-collecting holes 6-1-2 are larger, accommodating large-diameter seeds; for sowing crops with wide row spacing and low seeding rates, such as sesame and millet, the seed supply roller 6-1 has fewer sowing rows (e.g., 6 rows), and the seed-collecting holes 6-1-2 are smaller, accommodating small-diameter seeds. When changing to a different crop, simply replace the seed supply roller 6-1 with the corresponding specification.

[0073] like Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, the air-pumped seed guide assembly 4 includes a seed cleaning brush 4-1, a fan mounting plate 4-2, a fan 4-3, a seed drop port 4-4, a row number and air volume adjustment plug 4-5, a clamping and fixing plate 4-6, and a seed unloading insert plate 4-7.

[0074] The seed inlet 4-4 is located below the seed supply component 6. A seed box connection hole 4-4-1 is located at the top of the seed inlet 4-4, and the seed inlet 4-4 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the main seed box 1-2 through the seed box connection hole 4-4-1. A seed cleaning brush mounting hole 4-4-2 is located at the upper front part of the seed inlet 4-4 for installing the seed cleaning brush 4-1; a seed unloading hole 4-4-5 is located at the upper rear part of the seed inlet 4-4 for inserting and installing the seed unloading plate 4-7.

[0075] The seed outlet 4-4 has multiple partitions 4-4-3 arranged at equal intervals along the left-right direction. These partitions divide the inner cavity of the seed outlet 4-4 into multiple independent airflow channels. The upper end of each airflow channel is connected to the air inlet at the front of the seed outlet 4-4, and the lower end of each airflow channel is connected to a corresponding seed outlet 4-4-4. The seed outlets 4-4-4 are located at the rear of the seed outlet 4-4, and are arranged along the left-right direction. The seed outlets 4-4-4 are tubular structures extending rearward and are used to connect to the seed guide tube.

[0076] The blower 4-3 is fixedly installed on the front side of the left shell 3-1 and the right shell 3-2 via the blower mounting plate 4-2. The air outlet of the blower 4-3 is connected to the air inlet at the front of the seed dropper 4-4. The high-speed airflow generated by the blower 4-3 enters each airflow channel of the seed dropper 4-4, blowing the seeds falling from the seed supply roller out through the seed outlet 4-4-4 and transporting them to the seed bed through the seed guide tube.

[0077] The seed cleaning brush 4-1 is fixedly installed on the upper front part of the seed inlet 4-4 through the seed cleaning brush mounting hole 4-4-2. The bristles of the seed cleaning brush 4-1 extend backward and contact the outer cylindrical surface of the front side of the seed supply roller 6-1. When the seed supply roller 6-1 rotates, the seed cleaning brush 4-1 brushes away excess seeds except for the seed-taking holes 6-1-2, ensuring that the number of seeds in each hole meets the requirements.

[0078] The seed discharge plate 4-7 is detachably inserted into the seed discharge hole 4-4-5 at the upper part of the seed discharge port 4-4. After sowing, the seed discharge plate 4-7 is pulled out, and the remaining seeds in the seed box can be discharged from the seed discharge port for easy cleaning and seed replacement.

[0079] The row number and air volume regulating plug 4-5 is a plug-like structure made of elastic rubber. This removable plug is inserted into unused seed outlets 4-4-4 to seal them and reduce airflow loss. When sowing wide-row crops, some seed outlets are unused; inserting the row number and air volume regulating plug 4-5 into these outlets can improve the effective utilization rate of the fan and reduce energy consumption.

[0080] The clamping and fixing plate 4-6 is located at the rear of the seed inlet 4-4, and includes an upper clamping and fixing plate and a lower clamping and fixing plate arranged symmetrically. The clamping and fixing plate 4-6 is a long strip-shaped plate structure. Mounting holes 4-6-2 are provided at both ends of the clamping and fixing plate 4-6. The clamping and fixing plate 4-6 is hinged to the rear inner side of the left housing 3-1 and the right housing 3-2 through the mounting holes 4-6-2. The clamping and fixing plate 4-6 can rotate up and down around the hinge axis. The clamping and fixing plate 4-6 also has fastening holes 4-6-1, which can be used to lock and fix the clamping and fixing plate 4-6 in place with fasteners. The clamping and fixing plate 4-6 is used to fix the seed guide tube and the row number and air volume adjustment plug 4-5, preventing the seed guide tube from falling off or the plug from loosening due to machine vibration during field operations.

[0081] like Figure 14 As shown, the quick-release assembly 5 includes a quick-connect plate 5-1, a seed supply roller shaft end baffle 5-2, a mounting bearing 5-3, and a positioning bushing 5-4.

[0082] The quick-connect plate 5-1 is a circular plate structure with connecting ears at both ends and mounting holes on the connecting ears. The seed supply roller shaft end baffle 5-2 is also a circular plate structure, and the mounting bearing 5-3 is embedded in the center of the seed supply roller shaft end baffle 5-2. The quick-connect plate 5-1, the seed supply roller shaft end baffle 5-2, and the mounting bearing 5-3 are fixedly connected as a whole by fasteners. The quick-connect plate 5-1 is detachably fixed to the middle right side of the right housing 3-2 by fasteners at both ends.

[0083] The positioning sleeve 5-4 is a cylindrical structure, and it is fitted onto the right end of the seed metering shaft 6-2. The left end face of the positioning sleeve 5-4 contacts the shoulder of the seed metering shaft 6-2 and the positioning rib plate 6-1-3 on the right end of the seed supply roller 6-1, while the right end face of the positioning sleeve 5-4 contacts the inner ring side of the mounting bearing 5-3, thereby achieving axial positioning of the seed supply assembly 6.

[0084] When the seed supply roller needs to be replaced, first loosen the fixing screws at both ends of the quick-connect plate 5-1, and remove the quick-connect plate 5-1 together with the seed supply roller shaft end baffle 5-2 and the mounting bearing 5-3 from the right housing 3-2; then remove the positioning bushing 5-4, and then pull the seed supply assembly 6 out from the right side of the right housing 3-2; after replacing with the seed supply roller of the corresponding specification, reassemble in the reverse order.

[0085] The working process of this invention includes two operating modes, as described below: I. When sowing high-volume crops (such as wheat): S1. Open the main seed box cover 1-1 and observe through the mesh of the foreign object prevention screen 1-3 to confirm that the auxiliary seed box 1-5 and auxiliary seed box cover 1-4 are not installed in the main seed box 1-2; S2. Add wheat seeds from the top of the main seed box 1-2. After the seeds are filtered through the foreign matter prevention screen 1-3, they fall into the bottom of the main seed box 1-2. S3. Close the main seed box cover 1-1, and press the screen positioning mounting plate 1-3-2 of the screen 1-3 of the main seed box cover 1-1 against the screen 1-3 of the screen 1-3 for preventing foreign objects. S4. The drive motor of drive assembly 2 drives the seed metering shaft 6-2 and the seed supply roller 6-1 to rotate through coupling 6-4; S5. The seeds at the bottom of the main seed box 1-2 are filled into the seed-taking hole 6-1-2 on the outer cylindrical surface of the seed supply roller 6-1, and the seed supply roller 6-1 rotates downward as the seed supply roller 6-1 rotates downward. S6. When the seed-bearing hole is rotated to the front cleaning brush 4-1, the cleaning brush 4-1 removes the excess seeds from the seed-bearing hole. S7. When the mold hole is rotated to the lower seed drop opening 4-4, the seed falls from the mold hole and enters the airflow channels of the seed drop opening 4-4; S8. The high-speed airflow generated by the fan 4-3 blows the seeds out from the seed outlet 4-4-4 and transports them to the seed bed through the seed guide tube, completing the seed distribution.

[0086] II. When switching to a crop with a low sowing rate (such as sesame or millet): S1. Loosen the fixing screws of the quick-connect plate 5-1, remove the quick-release assembly 5, pull out the seed supply assembly 6, replace it with the seed supply roller 6-1 for small-quantity crops, and then reinstall the seed supply assembly 6 and the quick-release assembly 5. S2. Open the main seed box cover 1-1 and take out the foreign object prevention screen 1-3; S3. Place the secondary seed box 1-5 into the center of the bottom of the main seed box 1-2, so that the left and right side walls 1-5-3 of the secondary seed box are in contact with the secondary seed box fixing plate 1-2-5, and the arc surface of the bottom of the secondary seed box 1-5 is in contact with the outer cylindrical surface of the seed supply roller 6-1. S4. Add sesame or millet seeds, and let the seeds fall into the secondary seed box 1-5. Cover the secondary seed box with the lid 1-4 at the top opening of the secondary seed box 1-5. S5. Reinstall the foreign object prevention screen 1-3, close the main seed box cover 1-1, and the fixing beam 1-1-3 of the main seed box cover 1-1 presses the foreign object prevention screen 1-3, the secondary seed box cover 1-4 and the secondary seed box 1-5 in sequence to achieve positioning; S6. According to the number of sowing rows, seal the unused seed outlet 4-4-4 with the row number air volume adjustment plug 4-5, connect the seed outlet 4-4-4 to the seed guide tube, and then fix it with the clamping and fixing plate 4-6. S7. Perform the seeding operation according to the seeding process described above.

[0087] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pneumatic seed metering device with adjustable seed box capacity and seeding row count, characterized in that: It includes a housing assembly, an adjustable capacity seed box assembly, a drive assembly, a seed supply assembly, an air-pneumatic seed delivery assembly, and a quick-assembly assembly; The housing assembly includes a left housing and a right housing arranged opposite each other; The adjustable capacity seed box assembly is located in the upper part between the left and right shells; The seed supply component is horizontally positioned below the adjustable capacity seed box component in the left-right direction. The left end of the seed supply component passes through the left housing and is connected to the drive component, while the right end of the seed supply component passes through the right housing and is connected to the quick-release component. The air-pneumatic seed delivery component is located below the seed supply component, and the upper part of the air-pneumatic seed delivery component is connected to the bottom of the adjustable capacity seed box component. The drive assembly is fixedly installed on the left side of the left housing; the quick-release assembly is fixedly installed on the right side of the right housing.

2. The adjustable seed box capacity and sowing row number combined pneumatic seed metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustable capacity seed box assembly includes a main seed box, a main seed box cover, a foreign object prevention screen, a secondary seed box, and a secondary seed box cover. The main seed box has an open-top and open-bottom box structure, and the left and right sides of the main seed box are fixedly connected to the left shell and the right shell respectively; The main seed box cover is hinged to the top rear side of the main seed box, and the main seed box cover can be flipped up and down around the hinge axis to open or close. The foreign object prevention screen is horizontally set in the upper middle part inside the main seed box, and the four sides of the foreign object prevention screen are fastened in the hanging groove on the inner wall of the main seed box. The secondary seed box is a funnel-shaped box with open top and bottom. The secondary seed box is detachably installed in the bottom center of the main seed box. The bottom opening of the secondary seed box fits against the upper outer cylindrical surface of the seed supply component. The secondary seed box cover closes onto the top opening of the secondary seed box, with the top of the secondary seed box cover contacting the bottom surface of the foreign object prevention screen. The secondary seed box is pressed and positioned by the main seed box cover (which is in the closed state) through the foreign object prevention screen and the secondary seed box cover.

3. The adjustable seed box capacity and sowing row number combined pneumatic seed metering device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner wall of the main seed box is provided with front and rear hanging grooves and left and right hanging grooves. The anti-foreign object screen is embedded in the front and rear hanging grooves and left and right hanging grooves on all four sides to achieve positioning. The lower left and right sides of the inner wall of the main seed box are respectively provided with auxiliary seed box fixing plates. The outer sides of the left and right side walls of the auxiliary seed box contact the auxiliary seed box fixing plates to achieve left and right direction limitation. The bottom of the secondary seed box has an arc-shaped opening that matches the outer cylindrical surface of the seed supply roller, and the arc-shaped surface at the bottom of the secondary seed box fits into the outer cylindrical surface of the seed supply roller.

4. The adjustable seed box capacity and sowing row number combined pneumatic seed metering device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The foreign object blocking screen includes a screen housing, a screen, and a screen positioning and mounting plate; The screen is set at the top of the screen housing, and the screen positioning mounting plate is vertically set at the center of the upper surface of the screen housing. The top of the screen positioning mounting plate is in contact with the bottom surface of the main seed box cover when it is closed.

5. The adjustable seed box capacity and sowing row number combined pneumatic seed metering device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The secondary seed box cover includes a top, side walls, and mounting and positioning handles. The side wall of the secondary seed box cover extends downward from the top edge of the secondary seed box cover, and the lower part of the side wall of the secondary seed box cover slopes inward to facilitate insertion into the top opening of the secondary seed box; The mounting and positioning handle of the secondary seed box cover is located in the center of the upper surface of the secondary seed box cover, and the top of the mounting and positioning handle of the secondary seed box cover is in contact with the bottom surface of the foreign object prevention screen.

6. The adjustable seed box capacity and sowing row number combined pneumatic seed metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed supply assembly includes a seed metering shaft, a seed supply roller, a coupling, and a spring retaining ring; The seed supply roller is sleeved on the seed dispensing shaft and rotates synchronously with the seed dispensing shaft. The outer cylindrical surface of the seed supply roller is provided with seed-taking holes evenly distributed along the circumferential and axial directions. The left end of the seeding shaft is connected to the output shaft of the drive motor of the drive assembly via a coupling; A shoulder is provided at the right end of the seed metering shaft. A spring retaining ring is sleeved on the seed metering shaft and located on the outside of the right end of the seed supply roller. The spring retaining ring contacts the right end face of the seed supply roller to achieve axial positioning.

7. The adjustable seed box capacity and sowing row number combined pneumatic seed metering device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The seed supply cylinder has a hollow interior, and multiple reinforcing ribs are evenly spaced along the axial direction inside the seed supply cylinder. The seed-taking holes are arranged in multiple rows along the axial direction of the seed supply roller. Each two rows of seed-taking holes correspond to a sowing row, and the two rows of seed-taking holes corresponding to the same sowing row are staggered along the circumferential direction. Spacer rings are provided between the corresponding hole columns of adjacent seeding rows.

8. The adjustable seed box capacity and sowing row number combined pneumatic seed metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air-pneumatic seed delivery assembly includes a seed inlet, a blower, a blower mounting plate, a seed cleaning brush, a seed unloading plate, a row number and air volume adjustment plug, and a clamping and fixing plate. The seed inlet is located below the seed supply component, and the top of the seed inlet is fixedly connected to the bottom of the main seed box; The fan is fixedly installed on the front side of the left and right housings by the fan mounting plate, and the air outlet of the fan is connected to the air inlet at the front of the seed drop port. The seed cleaning brush is fixedly installed at the upper front part of the seed inlet, and the bristles of the seed cleaning brush are in contact with the outer cylindrical surface of the front side of the seed supply roller. The seed discharge plate is detachably inserted into the upper rear part of the seed discharge port; Multiple seed outlets are provided at the rear of the seed inlet, and these multiple seed outlets are arranged in a left-right direction; The row number and air volume adjustment plug can be detached and installed in the unused seed outlet; The clamping and fixing plate is located at the rear of the seed inlet. The clamping and fixing plate is used to fix the seed guide tube and the row number air volume adjustment plug.

9. The adjustable seed box capacity and sowing row number combined pneumatic seed metering device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The seed drop opening is equipped with multiple partitions arranged at equal intervals along the left and right directions. These partitions divide the inner cavity of the seed drop opening into multiple independent airflow channels. The upper end of each airflow channel is connected to the air inlet of the seed drop opening, and the lower end of each airflow channel is connected to a corresponding seed outlet. The clamping plate includes an upper clamping plate and a lower clamping plate arranged symmetrically. The left and right ends of the upper and lower clamping plates are respectively hinged to the rear inner side of the left and right shells. The clamping plates can rotate around the hinge axis and are locked and fixed by fasteners.

10. The adjustable seed box capacity and sowing row number combined pneumatic seed metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quick-release assembly includes a quick-connect plate, a seed supply roller shaft end baffle, a mounting bearing, and a positioning bushing; The quick-connect plate, the seed supply roller shaft end baffle, and the mounting bearing are fixedly connected as a whole by fasteners. The quick-connect plate is detachably fixed to the middle right side of the right housing by fasteners. The positioning bushing is fitted onto the right end of the seed metering shaft. The left end face of the positioning bushing contacts the shoulder of the seed metering shaft and the right end face of the seed supply roller. The right end face of the positioning bushing contacts the inner ring side of the bearing.

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