Cotton stalk smashing and rotting-in-field machine

Abstract

The application discloses a cotton stalk smashing, rotting and field returning machine, and relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, comprising a rack, a suspension, a smashing chamber, a Y-shaped cutter assembly and a rotary auger, and being provided with a load feedback type hydraulic self-adaptive control system. The system comprises a cutter shaft torque sensor installed on a driving shaft of the Y-shaped cutter assembly, an electro-hydraulic proportional speed regulating valve connected with a driving motor of the rotary auger and a controller. The controller controls the opening degree of the electro-hydraulic proportional speed regulating valve according to the real-time detected cutter torque value, adjusts the rotating speed of the rotary auger, and makes the discharging capacity dynamically adapt to the change of the feeding amount. A fungicide box can be further arranged above the rotary auger to realize synchronous spreading and mixing of the fungicide. The application can effectively prevent the machine from being blocked and damaged due to overload, and significantly improves the operation stability and the intelligent level.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and in particular to a cotton stalk crushing, decomposing and returning machine. Background Technology

[0002] In the post-harvest field processing of cotton, direct return of crushed cotton stalks to the field has become an important technical means to improve soil organic matter and soil structure. Existing cotton stalk return machines are typically tractor-tethered, using a crushing component to cut and shred the cotton stalks in the field, followed by a conveying and spreading component to evenly spread the shredded material onto the field surface. The mainstream transmission method for this type of equipment is constant-speed mechanical transmission or quantitative hydraulic transmission, meaning the crushing and conveying components operate at a fixed speed ratio.

[0003] However, the distribution density of cotton stalks in the field exhibits significant spatial heterogeneity, with marked differences in stalk biomass between high-yield and low-yield areas, and between the center and periphery of the plot. This leads to real-time fluctuations in the feed rate of the stalk return machine during operation. When the machine enters an area with dense cotton stalks, the feed rate increases sharply, causing a dramatic rise in the load on the crushing components. However, the conveying and spreading components, operating at a constant speed, cannot simultaneously increase the discharge speed, resulting in material accumulation in the crushing chamber, which can lead to blockages or even overload damage to the transmission components. Conversely, in areas with sparse cotton stalks, the constant-speed operation of the conveying and spreading components results in unnecessary energy consumption.

[0004] Currently, there is a lack of cotton stalk returning machines capable of sensing the working load in real time and automatically adjusting the discharge speed accordingly, making it impossible to achieve dynamic matching between discharge capacity and feed rate. This problem directly restricts the continuity and reliability of cotton stalk returning operations, reduces operational efficiency, and increases machine failure rate and maintenance costs. Therefore, developing a cotton stalk crushing and composting returning machine with load feedback hydraulic adaptive control capability is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a cotton stalk crushing and composting machine for returning to the field, which solves the technical problem in the prior art that the discharge speed cannot be adjusted in real time according to the cotton stalk feeding amount, resulting in machine blockage and overload damage. It achieves the effects of hydraulic adaptive control based on load feedback, dynamic matching of discharge capacity with changes in feed amount, effective prevention of blockage and overload, and significant improvement in operation stability and intelligence level.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a cotton stalk crushing and decomposition machine, comprising a frame, a suspension installed at the front of the frame, a crushing chamber disposed on the frame, a Y-shaped roller cutter assembly installed in the crushing chamber for crushing cotton stalks, and a rotary auger installed on one side of the crushing chamber for receiving and conveying the crushed material. Also includes: Load feedback hydraulic adaptive control system; The load feedback hydraulic adaptive control system includes: A hob shaft torque sensor is installed on the drive shaft of the Y-type hob assembly to detect the torque value of the hob during operation in real time. An electro-hydraulic proportional speed control valve, the hydraulic outlet of which is connected to a rotary auger drive motor that drives the rotary auger; and The controller is electrically connected to the hob shaft torque sensor and the electro-hydraulic proportional speed control valve, respectively. The controller is configured to receive the torque value detected by the roller shaft torque sensor and control the opening of the electro-hydraulic proportional speed control valve in real time according to the torque value, so as to adjust the rotation speed of the rotary auger drive motor, thereby dynamically adapting the discharge capacity of the rotary auger to the change in the feed amount of the Y-shaped roller assembly.

[0007] Furthermore, it also includes: The inoculant tank is fixedly installed on the top of the housing of the rotating auger; The bottom of the microbial agent tank is provided with a discharge port, and a flow regulating device is provided at the discharge port. The flow regulating device is electrically connected to the controller. The controller is also configured to synchronously control the opening of the flow regulating device based on the torque value detected by the roller shaft torque sensor, so as to adjust the application rate of the microbial agent.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a baffle, which is fixedly installed at the front end of the frame and located in front of the Y-shaped hob assembly.

[0009] Furthermore, the Y-shaped roller blade assembly consists of a pair of parallel roller blade assemblies that rotate in opposite directions; the Y-shaped roller blade assembly is provided with staggered Y-shaped blades for cutting and crushing the cotton stalks.

[0010] Furthermore, the inoculant tank is equipped with a transparent observation window for observing the remaining amount of inoculant.

[0011] Furthermore, the bacterial agent tank is equipped with a stirrer to prevent the bacterial agent from arching.

[0012] Furthermore, the load feedback hydraulic adaptive control system also includes: A hydraulic pump is used to supply pressurized oil; An oil tank, connected to the hydraulic pump, is used to store hydraulic oil; An oil suction filter is installed on the pipeline between the oil tank and the hydraulic pump; The electromagnetic relief valve is used to set the maximum working pressure of the system and to provide overload protection.

[0013] Furthermore, the oil tank is equipped with a hydraulic oil level and temperature measuring instrument for monitoring the hydraulic oil level and temperature, and an air filter for filtering the air entering the oil tank.

[0014] Furthermore, the load feedback hydraulic adaptive control system also includes: A return oil filter, installed in the return oil line, is used to filter the hydraulic oil returning to the oil tank; A hydraulic gauge, connected to the hydraulic pump, is used to display the real-time working pressure of the system.

[0015] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art: By using a torque sensor on the cutter shaft to detect the operating torque of the Y-type cutter assembly in real time, and by using a controller to dynamically control the opening of the electro-hydraulic proportional speed control valve based on the torque value, the rotational speed of the rotary auger drive motor is adjusted, allowing the rotary auger's discharge capacity to adaptively match changes in the feed rate of the Y-type cutter assembly. When the feed rate increases and the cutter load rises, the discharge speed is automatically increased to prevent material accumulation and blockage; when the feed rate decreases, the discharge speed is reduced to avoid wasted energy. This load feedback hydraulic adaptive control system completely solves the problems of blockage and overload damage caused by traditional constant speed transmission, significantly improving the machine's operational stability, intelligence level, and environmental adaptability, while reducing the failure rate and maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the cotton stalk crushing, decomposing, and returning machine in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the cotton stalk crushing, decomposing, and returning-to-field machine in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic adaptive control system in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the baffle structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting structure of the Y-shaped blade in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] The components include: 1. Frame; 2. Suspension; 3. Baffle; 4. Y-type roller cutter assembly; 5. Rotary auger; 6. Agent tank; 7. Y-type blade; 8. Rotary auger drive motor; 9. Roller cutter shaft torque sensor; 10. Electro-hydraulic proportional speed control valve; 11. Hydraulic gauge; 12. Hydraulic pump; 13. Suction oil filter; 14. Oil tank; 15. Liquid level and oil temperature measuring instrument; 16. Air filter; 17. Return oil filter; 18. Solenoid overflow valve; and 19. Controller. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] The purpose of this invention is to provide a cotton stalk crushing and composting machine for returning to the field, so as to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the discharge speed cannot be adjusted in real time according to the cotton stalk feeding amount, resulting in machine blockage and overload damage. It achieves the effects of hydraulic adaptive control based on load feedback, dynamic matching of discharge capacity with changes in feed amount, effective prevention of blockage and overload, and significant improvement in operation stability and intelligence level.

[0025] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0026] This invention provides a cotton stalk crushing and decomposition machine for returning to the field, such as... Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the device includes a frame 1, a suspension 2 mounted at the front of the frame 1, a crushing chamber mounted on the frame 1, a Y-shaped roller cutter assembly 4 mounted in the crushing chamber for crushing cotton stalks, and a rotary auger 5 mounted on one side of the crushing chamber for receiving and conveying the crushed material (the Y-shaped roller cutter assembly 4 throws the crushed material into the rotary auger 5 during operation). The crushed material from the Y-shaped roller cutter assembly 4 falls into the cavity of the rotary auger 5.

[0027] This invention incorporates a load feedback hydraulic adaptive control system. Specifically, as shown in... Figure 3As shown, the system includes a cutter shaft torque sensor 9, an electro-hydraulic proportional speed control valve 10, and a controller 19. The cutter shaft torque sensor 9 is mounted on the drive shaft of the Y-type cutter assembly 4 and is used to detect the torque value of the cutter during operation in real time. The hydraulic outlet of the electro-hydraulic proportional speed control valve 10 is connected to the rotary auger drive motor 8 that drives the rotary auger 5. The controller 19 is electrically connected to both the cutter shaft torque sensor 9 and the electro-hydraulic proportional speed control valve 10. The controller 19 is configured to receive the torque value detected by the cutter shaft torque sensor 9 and, based on this torque value, control the opening degree of the electro-hydraulic proportional speed control valve 10 in real time to adjust the speed of the rotary auger drive motor 8, thereby dynamically adapting the discharge capacity of the rotary auger 5 to changes in the feed rate of the Y-type cutter assembly 4.

[0028] During operation, the tractor pulls the entire machine forward via suspension 2. Cotton stalks enter the crushing chamber and are crushed by the Y-shaped roller cutter assembly 4. The roller cutter shaft torque sensor 9 continuously monitors the torque on the drive shaft; this torque value directly reflects the current density of the cotton stalks and the amount of feed. The controller 19 converts the torque value into a target opening signal for the electro-hydraulic proportional speed control valve 10. When an increase in torque is detected (i.e., an increase in feed), the controller 19 outputs a signal to increase the opening of the electro-hydraulic proportional speed control valve 10, causing the rotating auger drive motor 8 to speed up the conveying and scattering of the crushed material by the rotating auger 5, thus quickly discharging the material and preventing blockage of the crushing chamber and conveying channel. Conversely, when the torque decreases, the opening of the speed control valve is reduced, decreasing the discharge speed. The entire adjustment process is completed in real-time, continuously, and automatically, without manual intervention. This achieves dynamic tracking of the discharge capacity to the feed amount, completely avoiding the overload blockage problem that occurs in dense cotton stalk areas with traditional constant-speed transmission, while also reducing energy consumption and component wear, significantly improving the machine's operational stability and intelligence level.

[0029] As an example of something that can be implemented, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, to achieve biological decomposition while crushing and returning the material to the field, a microbial agent tank 6 can be fixedly installed on the top of the rotating auger 5. The bottom of the microbial agent tank 6 has a discharge port, at which a flow regulating device, such as a gate valve or rotary valve, is installed. This flow regulating device is electrically connected to the controller 19. The controller 19 is also configured to synchronously control the opening of the flow regulating device based on the torque value detected by the roller shaft torque sensor 9, thereby adjusting the amount of microbial agent applied. When the feed rate is large and the roller torque is high, the output of cotton stalk fragments increases, and the controller 19 automatically increases the opening of the flow regulating device, allowing more solid microbial agent to fall into the rotating auger 5; conversely, it reduces the amount of microbial agent applied. The spiral blades of the rotating auger 5 continuously agitate and stir the cotton stalk fragments and microbial agent while conveying the material, achieving uniform mixing, and finally, the mixture is applied to the field from the end spraying port. This design integrates crushing, microbial agent application, mixing, and spreading into a single operation, and the amount of microbial agent added is matched with the amount fed in, which ensures the decomposition effect while avoiding waste of microbial agent.

[0030] As an example of something that can be implemented, such as Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, to further improve the smoothness of cotton stalk feeding, a baffle 3 and multiple rows of laterally spaced arc-shaped stalks (comb-like structure) can be fixedly installed at the front end of the frame 1, in front of the Y-shaped roller assembly 4. The adjacent rows of arc-shaped stalks are staggered to form a comb-like structure. The arc-shaped stalks can be made of elastic materials such as spring steel, which can elastically deform to avoid hard objects such as stones when encountering greater resistance. During operation, the front baffle 3 and the arc-shaped stalks comb the upright or fallen cotton stalks in the field and accurately guide them to the rear Y-shaped roller assembly 4, effectively preventing cotton stalks from accumulating, being suspended, or tangling at the front of the implement, significantly improving the uniformity and continuity of feeding, and further reducing the risk of blockage.

[0031] As an example of something that can be implemented, such as Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the Y-shaped roller blade assembly 4 includes multiple staggered Y-shaped blades 7. The Y-shaped blades 7 simultaneously apply a cutting and kneading action to the cotton stalks, which can tear, cut, and crush the cotton stalks, resulting in higher fineness and uniformity of the powder, which is beneficial for subsequent mixing with the inoculant and rapid decomposition in the soil.

[0032] As a feasible example, a transparent observation window can be installed on the inoculant tank 6 to allow users to easily monitor the remaining inoculant level. Operators can visually check the remaining inoculant level without opening the tank lid, allowing for timely replenishment and preventing insufficient material from affecting the fermentation effect.

[0033] As an example of implementation, an agitator (e.g., a rotating shaft with paddles) can also be installed inside the inoculant tank 6. Solid inoculants are prone to absorbing moisture and forming bridging structures during storage, leading to blockages at the discharge port or uneven distribution. The agitator rotates continuously or intermittently during operation, constantly disrupting the bridging structure inside the inoculant, ensuring smooth and even distribution from the discharge port, and improving the stability and accuracy of the application rate.

[0034] As an example of something that can be implemented, such as Figure 3 As shown, the load feedback hydraulic adaptive control system may further include a hydraulic pump 12, an oil tank 14, a suction filter 13, and a solenoid relief valve 18. The hydraulic pump 12 provides the system with the required pressurized oil; the oil tank 14 is connected to the hydraulic pump 12 and stores the hydraulic oil; the suction filter 13 is located on the suction line between the oil tank 14 and the hydraulic pump 12 to prevent impurities from entering the hydraulic pump 12; the solenoid relief valve 18 is connected to the outlet of the hydraulic pump 12 and sets the system's maximum working pressure. When the system pressure exceeds the set value, the solenoid relief valve 18 opens, guiding excess oil back to the oil tank 14, thus achieving overload protection. These components together ensure the cleanliness and safety of the hydraulic system, preventing damage to components due to sudden pressure changes or oil contamination.

[0035] As an example of something that can be implemented, such as Figure 3 As shown, the oil tank 14 is also equipped with a level and temperature measuring instrument 15 and an air filter 16. The level and temperature measuring instrument 15 is used to monitor the hydraulic oil level and temperature in the oil tank 14 in real time. When the oil temperature is too high or the level is too low, it can issue an alarm signal to remind the operator to stop the machine for inspection. The air filter 16 is installed on the breather of the oil tank 14 to filter the air entering the oil tank 14. It also serves as an oil filling port to prevent external dust, moisture and other contaminants from entering the hydraulic oil, thus extending the service life of the oil and components.

[0036] As an example of something that can be implemented, such as Figure 3 As shown, the load feedback hydraulic adaptive control system may also include a return oil filter 17 and a hydraulic gauge 11. The return oil filter 17 is installed in the system's return oil line to filter the hydraulic oil returning from each actuator to the oil tank 14, intercepting contaminants such as wear particles and keeping the oil clean. The hydraulic gauge 11 is connected to the outlet of the hydraulic pump 12 to visually display the system's real-time operating pressure, facilitating operator monitoring of the system status. These features further enhance the reliability and maintainability of the hydraulic system.

[0037] The structures, connections, or operation methods not described in detail in this invention can be superimposed on each other without interference, and these adaptive changes all fall within the protection scope of this invention. For those skilled in the art, based on the concept of this invention, there will be changes in specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims

1. A cotton stalk crushing and composting machine, comprising a frame (1), a suspension (2) installed at the front of the frame (1), a crushing chamber disposed on the frame (1), a Y-shaped roller cutter assembly (4) installed in the crushing chamber for crushing cotton stalks, and a rotary auger (5) installed on one side of the crushing chamber for receiving and conveying the crushed material; characterized in that, Also includes: Load feedback hydraulic adaptive control system; The load feedback hydraulic adaptive control system includes: The hob shaft torque sensor (9) is installed on the drive shaft of the Y-type hob assembly (4) and is used to detect the torque value of the hob in real time during operation. An electro-hydraulic proportional speed control valve (10) is connected to a rotary auger drive motor (8) that drives the rotary auger (5) via its hydraulic outlet. as well as The controller (19) is electrically connected to the hob shaft torque sensor (9) and the electro-hydraulic proportional speed control valve (10), respectively; The controller (19) is configured to receive the torque value detected by the roller shaft torque sensor (9) and control the opening of the electro-hydraulic proportional speed control valve (10) in real time according to the torque value to adjust the speed of the rotary auger drive motor (8), so that the discharge capacity of the rotary auger (5) can dynamically adapt to the change in the feed amount of the Y-type roller assembly (4).

2. The cotton stalk crushing and composting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The inoculant box (6) is fixedly installed on the top of the shell of the rotating auger (5); The bottom of the microbial agent box (6) is provided with a discharge port, and a flow regulating device is provided at the discharge port. The flow regulating device is electrically connected to the controller (19). The controller (19) is also configured to: synchronously control the opening of the flow regulating device according to the torque value detected by the roller shaft torque sensor (9) to regulate the amount of fungicide applied.

3. The cotton stalk crushing and composting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a baffle (3), which is fixedly installed at the front end of the frame (1) and located in front of the Y-shaped hobbing cutter assembly (4).

4. The cotton stalk crushing and composting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Y-shaped roller blade assembly (4) is a pair of parallel roller blade assemblies that rotate in opposite directions; the Y-shaped roller blade assembly (4) is provided with staggered Y-shaped blades (7) for cutting and crushing cotton stalks.

5. The cotton stalk crushing and composting machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inoculant box (6) is equipped with a transparent observation window for observing the remaining amount of inoculant.

6. The cotton stalk crushing and composting machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The microbial agent tank (6) is equipped with a stirrer to prevent the microbial agent from arching.

7. The cotton stalk crushing and composting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The load feedback hydraulic adaptive control system also includes: Hydraulic pump (12) is used to supply pressurized oil; The oil tank (14), connected to the hydraulic pump (12), is used to store hydraulic oil; An oil suction filter (13) is installed on the pipeline between the oil tank (14) and the hydraulic pump (12); The electromagnetic relief valve (18) is used to set the maximum working pressure of the system and to provide overload protection.

8. The cotton stalk crushing and composting machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The oil tank (14) is equipped with a hydraulic oil level and temperature measuring instrument (15) for monitoring the hydraulic oil level and temperature, and an air filter (16) for filtering the air entering the oil tank.

9. A cotton stalk crushing and composting machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The load feedback hydraulic adaptive control system also includes: A return oil filter (17) is installed in the return oil line to filter the hydraulic oil returning to the oil tank (14); A hydraulic gauge (11) is connected to the hydraulic pump (12) and is used to display the real-time working pressure of the system.

Images