A green roof layered targeted hydrothermal decoupling regulation system and method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of green roof, and discloses a green roof layered targeted water and heat decoupling regulation system and method. The system comprises a deep water storage module, a vertical layered water supply assembly, a water repellent cover layer, a soil water flow leading-out assembly, a sensing monitoring unit and a central control unit. The method identifies the working condition by collecting real-time soil, meteorological and plant data, and the central control unit drives the liquid level adjusting mechanism to change the water carrying capacity of the capillary water guide belt to cope with high temperature and drought, or controls the intelligent shunt valve group to lead out excess rainwater to cope with overcast and wet conditions, realizes accurate regulation and control of water and heat decoupling, and improves rainwater utilization efficiency and plant adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of green roof technology, and in particular to a layered targeted hydrothermal decoupling control system and method for green roofs. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization, green roofs, as an important ecological infrastructure for mitigating the urban heat island effect, improving building energy efficiency, and enhancing rainwater management capabilities, have been widely adopted. However, existing green roof systems generally face the challenge of "water-heat coupling" regulation: on the one hand, under high-temperature and drought conditions, traditional irrigation methods often employ surface spraying or overall wetting, resulting in slippery roof surfaces that easily breed mosquitoes and weeds, affecting the safety of people's activities and the quality of the landscape; on the other hand, during periods of frequent rainfall, the substrate layer has limited water-holding capacity, easily leading to the risk of water accumulation and overload, and even causing building leaks. In addition, existing systems lack a precise water supply mechanism for the plant root zone, making it difficult to achieve the ideal ecological state of "dry surface and moist interior," and the drainage and water storage functions are difficult to switch dynamically, making it impossible to predictively adjust according to weather changes. Furthermore, once the capillary water supply components become clogged or age, it is usually necessary to excavate and replace the substrate, resulting in high maintenance costs and operational difficulties.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a green roof water and heat control system that can achieve decoupled control of moisture and thermal environment, has intelligent response capabilities, and is easy to maintain. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this application aims to provide a layered targeted hydrothermal decoupling control system and method for green roofs. This system overcomes the technical defects of traditional green roof systems where moisture and heat control are coupled and difficult to control independently. It avoids problems such as slippery surfaces, overgrown weeds, poor drainage, and water leakage during heavy rain caused by irrigation. Furthermore, it achieves precise control of the moisture state at different depths of the substrate layer and synergistic optimization of the thermal environment, thereby improving the ecological benefits, safety, and ease of operation and maintenance of green roofs.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] This application provides a layered targeted hydrothermal decoupling control system for green roofs. The system includes: a deep water storage module, laid above the drainage board of the green roof structural layer, comprising multiple independent and hydraulically connected water storage units, each water storage unit having a liquid level adjustment mechanism; a vertical layered water supply component, including a capillary water guide belt and a vertical guide pipe; the vertical guide pipe vertically penetrates the matrix layer, its lower end extending to the bottom of the deep water storage module, and its upper end extending below the surface of the matrix layer; the capillary water guide belt passes through the vertical guide pipe, its water absorption end submerged below the liquid surface of the water storage unit, and its water delivery end extending to the middle root active zone of the matrix layer; a tension adjustment buckle is connected to the top of the capillary water guide belt, the tension adjustment buckle being located at the surface of the matrix layer or a shallow inspection port; and a hydrophobic covering layer, covering the outermost layer of the matrix layer, comprising highly porous hydrophobic particles. The system is physically isolated vertically from the water delivery end of the capillary water guide belt; the soil flow-out component, buried at the bottom of the matrix layer and located above the deep water storage module, includes a porous drainage pipe and an intelligent diversion valve assembly; one end of the porous drainage pipe connects to the lower space of the matrix layer, and the other end is connected to the rainwater storage facility through the intelligent diversion valve assembly; the sensing and monitoring unit includes soil temperature and humidity sensors distributed at different depths of the matrix layer, a meteorological sensor installed on the external environment of the roof, and a plant stem flow meter; the central control unit is electrically connected to the liquid level adjustment mechanism, the intelligent diversion valve assembly, and the sensing and monitoring unit; the central control unit is configured to identify the operating conditions based on the data collected by the sensing and monitoring unit, and drive the liquid level adjustment mechanism to change the liquid level of the water storage unit to adjust the water delivery of the capillary water guide belt, or drive the intelligent diversion valve assembly to open to discharge excess rainwater.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution, the deep water storage module and the vertical stratified water supply component cooperate to form a trenchless replacement structure: the liquid level adjustment mechanism includes a drive motor and a float valve assembly driven by the drive motor, which are slidably connected to the inner wall of the water storage unit; the vertical guide pipe is made of rigid and smooth pipe material, and its inner diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the capillary water guide strip, so that the capillary water guide strip forms an axial sliding fit in the vertical guide pipe; the capillary water guide strip includes an inner hydrophilic fiber core and an outer anti-corrosion sheath, which are coaxially wrapped; the tension adjustment buckle is a rigid pull ring, which is fixedly connected to... The capillary water-conducting tape is attached to the top end, and the rigid pull ring is positioned above the lower surface of the hydrophobic coating or exposed outside the openable cover plate on the hydrophobic coating. The top of the water storage unit is provided with a sealed maintenance cover, and the vertical guide tube passes through the positioning hole on the sealed maintenance cover. The sealed maintenance cover is also provided with a waterproof interface for the control cable to pass through. When an external operating tool hooks the rigid pull ring and applies upward force, it drives the capillary water-conducting tape to slide upward along the inner wall of the vertical guide tube until the capillary water-conducting tape is completely pulled out of the water storage unit. A new capillary water-conducting tape is inserted into the vertical guide tube along the opposite path until its water-absorbing end contacts the bottom of the water storage unit.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution, the spatial layout of the sensing and monitoring unit within the matrix layer is as follows: the soil temperature and humidity sensor includes at least one surface sensor, at least one middle layer sensor, and at least one deep layer sensor; the surface sensor is buried in the surface layer of the matrix layer, located below the hydrophobic covering layer; the middle layer sensor is buried in the lower middle layer of the matrix layer, and its installation height corresponds to the water delivery end height of the capillary water-conducting belt; the deep layer sensor is buried in the deep layer of the matrix layer, located above the deep water storage module; the meteorological sensor includes a total radiation sensor and an air temperature and humidity sensor, installed in an unobstructed area above the green roof; the plant stem flow meter is clamped on the main stem of the green roof plant; the signal output terminals of each sensor are electrically connected to the input terminal of the central control unit.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution, the internal connection structure of the intelligent diversion valve group is as follows: the intelligent diversion valve group includes an electric regulating valve and a one-way check valve; the porous drainage pipe is laid horizontally at the bottom of the matrix layer, and its pipe wall is evenly distributed with seepage holes; the inlet of the electric regulating valve is connected to the outlet end of the porous drainage pipe, and the outlet of the electric regulating valve is connected to the inlet of the rainwater storage facility through a pipe; the inlet end of the one-way check valve is connected to the upper overflow port or side wall outlet of the deep water storage module, and the outlet end of the one-way check valve is connected to the porous drainage pipe; the control end of the central control unit is electrically connected to the drive end of the electric regulating valve; when the water pressure in the porous drainage pipe is higher than the water pressure in the water storage unit, the one-way check valve is in the closed state, blocking the water flow from the porous drainage pipe back to the water storage unit.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution, the system further includes a water purification and diversion structure: a water quality monitoring sensor is connected in series on the connecting pipe between the porous drainage pipe and the electric regulating valve, and the output end of the water quality monitoring sensor is connected to the central control unit; the electric regulating valve is a multi-channel switching valve, and its outlet is connected to the municipal stormwater pipe network and the rainwater storage facility respectively; the central control unit controls the flow direction switching of the electric regulating valve according to the water quality parameter data collected by the water quality monitoring sensor: when the water quality parameter exceeds the preset limit, the municipal stormwater pipe network is connected; when the water quality parameter is lower than or equal to the preset limit, the rainwater storage facility is connected.

[0011] This application also provides a method for layered targeted hydrothermal decoupling control of green roofs based on the above-mentioned layered targeted hydrothermal decoupling control, the method comprising the following steps:

[0012] Step S1: The sensing and monitoring unit collects soil temperature and humidity data at different depths of the matrix layer, meteorological data of the external environment of the roof, and plant stem flow data in real time, and transmits the above data to the central control unit;

[0013] Step S2: The central control unit identifies the current operating condition type based on the received data. The operating condition type includes at least high temperature and drought conditions and rainy and humid conditions.

[0014] Step S3: When the high temperature and drought condition is identified, the water and heat balance control sub-step is executed: The central control unit compares the surface moisture content with the preset drying threshold and the middle layer moisture content with the preset wetting threshold, and drives the liquid level adjustment mechanism to adjust the liquid level of the water storage unit to change the pressure difference at both ends of the capillary water guide belt, thereby adjusting the water delivery volume.

[0015] Step S4: When the condition is identified as rainy and humid, the drainage and flood prevention sub-step is executed: the central control unit drives the liquid level adjustment mechanism to lower the liquid level of the water storage unit to the lowest level, and controls the intelligent diversion valve group to open, so that the excess water in the matrix layer can be discharged through the porous drainage pipe.

[0016] Step S5: During the execution of step S4, rainwater quality parameters are detected by a water quality monitoring sensor, and the electric regulating valve is controlled to divert rainwater to the municipal pipe network or rainwater storage facility based on the parameters.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution, the specific method of the water and heat balance control sub-step in step S3 is as follows: if the surface moisture content collected by the surface sensor is lower than or equal to the preset drying threshold, and the middle moisture content collected by the middle sensor is lower than the preset wetting threshold, the central control unit drives the drive motor to rotate in the forward direction, causing the float valve assembly to rise and raise the reference liquid level in the water storage unit; if the surface moisture content collected by the surface sensor exceeds the preset drying threshold, the central control unit drives the drive motor to rotate in the reverse direction or stop, causing the float valve assembly to descend or remain stationary, so as to reduce or cut off the water delivery of the capillary water guide belt and maintain the surface dry state.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution, step S3 further includes a feedforward correction method based on plant transpiration rate: the central control unit receives transpiration rate data collected by the plant stem flow meter in real time; when the transpiration rate data exceeds a preset peak threshold, the central control unit temporarily relaxes the upper limit of the preset drying threshold, allowing the surface moisture content to be slightly higher than the standard drying threshold for a limited time; after the limited time ends, regardless of how the transpiration rate data changes, the central control unit forcibly restores the standard drying threshold and performs a liquid level reduction operation to bring the surface moisture content back below the standard drying threshold.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution, the drainage and flood control sub-step in step S4 further includes a one-way blocking and post-rain recovery method: during the process of draining excess water, the one-way check valve automatically blocks the water flow from the porous drainage pipe back to the water storage unit; after the rain stops, the central control unit continuously tracks the moisture content recovery curves collected by the surface sensor and the middle layer sensor; only when the surface moisture content collected by the surface sensor falls back to the standard dry threshold, and the middle layer moisture content collected by the middle layer sensor recovers to the appropriate range, does the central control unit close the electric regulating valve and drive the liquid level regulating mechanism to reset the float valve assembly, thereby releasing the drainage and flood control state.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution, the green roof layered targeted hydrothermal decoupling control method further includes a pre-adjustment step based on meteorological forecast data: the central control unit receives external meteorological forecast data; when continuous high temperature and drought weather is predicted, the liquid level adjustment mechanism is automatically driven to fill the water storage unit during the low temperature period at night, pre-wetting the middle and lower substrate; when continuous rainstorm weather is predicted, the liquid level adjustment mechanism is driven in advance to lower the liquid level of the water storage unit to the lowest level, and the electric regulating valve is pre-opened to standby state to maximize the storage capacity of the substrate layer.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0022] This application constructs a complete system architecture comprising a deep water storage module, a vertically layered water supply component, a hydrophobic cover layer, a soil flow outlet component, a sensor monitoring unit, and a central control unit. Combined with an intelligent control method based on operational condition identification, it achieves precise decoupled control of the hydrothermal environment of green roofs. The system utilizes the vertically layered water supply component to directly deliver water to the active root zone of plants, preventing excessive surface wetting. This, combined with the hydrophobic cover layer, creates an ideal state of "dry surface, moist middle layer," significantly improving the roof's safety and ecological comfort. The central control unit identifies different operational conditions in real time, such as high temperature drought or rainy and humid conditions, based on multi-source sensor data, dynamically adjusting the liquid level and drainage strategy to achieve a shift from passive adaptation to active control. Especially before heavy rain, the system can automatically pre-emptively empty the water storage unit based on weather forecasts to maximize storage capacity; during droughts, it precisely raises the liquid level to enhance capillary water supply intensity. Furthermore, the water quality monitoring and diversion mechanism effectively achieves rainwater separation and treatment, improving water resource utilization efficiency. The entire system also features trenchless replacement. Through the cooperation of tension adjustment buckles and vertical guide pipes, the capillary water guide belt can be quickly replaced without damaging the matrix structure, greatly reducing the difficulty and cost of operation and maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a layered targeted hydrothermal decoupling control system for green roofs;

[0024] Figure 2 A cross-sectional schematic diagram (middle section) of the arc-shaped rigid hollowed-out rope groove and the replaceable reinforced absorbent cotton rope assembly.

[0025] Figure 3 A cross-sectional schematic diagram (port section) of an arc-shaped rigid hollowed-out rope groove and a replaceable reinforced absorbent cotton rope assembly.

[0026] Figure 4 is a flowchart of the steps of the layered targeted hydrothermal decoupling control method for thermal green roofs;

[0027] Figure 4(a) is the main flowchart of the control method;

[0028] Figure 4(b) is a detailed flowchart of the control process for daily operation and maintenance scenarios;

[0029] Figure 4(c) is a detailed flowchart of the regulation process for a high-temperature and drought scenario;

[0030] Figure 4(d) is a detailed control flowchart for a continuous rainy weather scenario;

[0031] Figure 4(e) is a detailed flowchart of the control process for the rainfall forecasting scenario;

[0032] The components include: 1. Vegetation layer; 2. Matrix layer; 3. Filter and isolation layer; 4. Water storage layer; 41. Operating opening; 5. Roof protection layer; 6. Arc-shaped rigid hollow rope groove; 61. Rope threading opening; 62. Smooth and wear-resistant protective opening; 63. Hollowed-out water-permeable holes; 7. Replaceable reinforced absorbent cotton rope assembly; 71. Central reinforcing core; 72. Hydrophilic absorbent cotton layer; 73. Stainless steel hook; 8. Automatic water replenishment and water level control unit; 81. Water replenishment pipe; 82. Water replenishment solenoid valve; 83. Water level sensor; 84. Electric drain valve; 9. Monitoring unit; 91. Soil moisture content sensor; 92. Soil temperature sensor; 93. Meteorological sensor; 94. Rainfall forecast access module; 10. Main controller. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in specific embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] This application provides a green roof layered targeted hydrothermal decoupling control system, which includes a deep water storage module, a vertical layered water supply component, a hydrophobic cover layer, a soil flow outlet component, a sensing and monitoring unit, and a central control unit.

[0035] The deep water storage module is laid above the drainage board of the green roof structural layer and contains multiple independent but hydraulically connected water storage units. Each water storage unit is equipped with a liquid level regulation mechanism. The vertical stratified water supply component consists of a capillary water guide belt and a vertical guide pipe. The vertical guide pipe runs vertically through the substrate layer 2, extending from the bottom of the deep water storage module to the surface of the substrate layer 2. The capillary water guide belt is inserted into the vertical guide pipe, with its water intake end submerged below the liquid surface of the water storage unit and its water delivery end extending to the root active zone in the middle of the substrate layer 2. The top of the capillary water guide belt is connected to a tension adjustment buckle, which is located at the surface or shallow inspection port of the substrate layer 2.

[0036] A hydrophobic capping layer, composed of highly porous hydrophobic particles, covers the outermost layer of matrix layer 2 and is physically isolated vertically from the water delivery end of the capillary water-conducting belt. The soil flow-out component, buried at the bottom of matrix layer 2 and above the deep water storage module, includes a porous drainage pipe and a smart diversion valve assembly. One end of the porous drainage pipe connects to the lower space of matrix layer 2, and the other end connects to the rainwater storage facility via the smart diversion valve assembly. The sensing and monitoring unit includes soil temperature and humidity sensors distributed at different depths in matrix layer 2, meteorological sensors installed on the external environment of the roof, and plant stem flow meters. The central control unit is electrically connected to the liquid level regulation mechanism, the smart diversion valve assembly, and the sensing and monitoring unit, and is configured to identify the operating conditions based on the collected data, driving the liquid level regulation mechanism to change the liquid level of the water storage unit to regulate the water delivery volume, or driving the smart diversion valve assembly to open to discharge excess rainwater.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the system adopts a modular prefabricated structure, with vegetation layer 1, substrate layer 2, filter isolation layer 3, water storage layer 4, and roof protection layer 5 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The substrate layer 2 is designed as a rigid inverted trapezoidal box structure with a cross-section wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. Its upper side is snapped and fixed to the top side of the lower water storage layer 4, allowing the bottom of the substrate layer 2 to be suspended inside the water storage layer 4 cavity. The bottom perforated outlet allows excess runoff from rainfall to be directly channeled into the lower water storage layer 4, providing ample space for the double-ended immersion of absorbent cotton ropes and enabling modular splicing installation without on-site pouring. The filter isolation layer 3 uses long-filament non-woven geotextile, laid at the bottom of the substrate layer 2, with pre-reserved openings aligned with the rope-passing holes 61 of the arc-shaped rigid perforated rope groove 6. This prevents substrate particles from entering the water storage layer 4 while allowing water to penetrate vertically, avoiding particle blockage of the cotton rope capillary pores and the water inlet / outlet of the water storage layer 4. This structure stably shapes an ideal hydrothermal profile by providing layered targeted water supply, resulting in a dry, low-thermal-conductivity surface layer and a moist, evaporation-preserving middle and lower layers. This fundamentally decouples the thermal effects of sensible heat barrier and latent heat cooling, breaking through the core bottleneck of traditional irrigation.

[0038] The core innovation of the system lies in constructing a three-dimensional control system that is spatially layered, temporally dynamic, and multi-source collaborative, generating significant synergistic effects among its subsystems. At the thermodynamic level, the hydrophobic covering layer and the vertically layered water supply components work in precise coordination to force the substrate surface to remain dry. The air gaps in the dry surface form a highly efficient thermal resistance barrier, significantly reducing sensible heat transfer. Simultaneously, the deep water storage module precisely supplies water to the middle and lower root zones through capillary water-conducting belts to maintain high moisture content, ensuring plant transpiration and maximizing the latent heat cooling effect. This non-uniform distribution of dry top and moist bottom achieves a dual maximization of insulation performance and cooling capacity.

[0039] At the hydraulic level, the replaceable reinforced absorbent cotton rope assembly adopts a U-shaped double-end immersion structure, utilizing the superimposed capillary potential energy generated by the difference in liquid levels at both ends to significantly improve the water delivery height and stability. The upward-protruding arc-shaped rigid hollow rope groove 6 not only disperses substrate pressure and prevents the cotton rope from compacting, but its hollow permeable holes 63 in the groove wall also transform linear water supply into radial gradient diffusion, avoiding local over-wetting. The liquid level adjustment mechanism dynamically changes the liquid level of the water storage unit, essentially adjusting the immersion length and pressure difference at both ends of the capillary water guide, thereby achieving stepless adjustment of the water delivery volume. This mechanism complements the porous drainage pipe, relying on capillary force to actively supply water upwards during droughts and relying on gravity and pressure difference to quickly drain water downwards during heavy rains, achieving bidirectional intelligent water intake and output within the substrate.

[0040] At the operation and maintenance level, the self-locking design of the stainless steel hooks, combined with the smooth inner wall of the vertical guide tube, enables in-situ replacement of cotton ropes by pulling in the old rope and inserting the new one. The operation opening 41 on the side wall of the water storage layer 4 and the sealed inspection cover design allow maintenance operations to be completed entirely within the underground cavity without damaging the upper vegetation and substrate. This design solves the industry pain point of green roofs where system failure is caused by aging and clogging of cotton ropes, minimizes maintenance costs, extends the service life of the system, and demonstrates a high degree of synergy between engineering structure and operation and maintenance strategy.

[0041] As a preferred technical solution, the deep water storage module and the vertical stratified water supply component work together to form a trenchless replacement structure. The liquid level regulation mechanism includes a drive motor and a float valve assembly driven by the motor, both located inside each water storage unit. The float valve assembly is slidably connected to the inner wall of the water storage unit. The vertical guide pipe is made of rigid, smooth tubing with an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the capillary water guide, allowing the capillary water guide to slide axially within the pipe. The capillary water guide consists of an inner hydrophilic fiber core and an outer corrosion-resistant sheath, both coaxially wrapped. The tension adjustment buckle is a rigid pull ring, fixedly connected to the top of the capillary water guide, and positioned above the lower surface of the hydrophobic cover layer or exposed outside the openable cover plate on the hydrophobic cover layer.

[0042] The top of the water storage unit is equipped with a sealed inspection cover. A vertical guide tube passes through the positioning hole of the inspection cover, and the inspection cover has a waterproof interface for the control cable to pass through. When an external operating tool hooks the rigid pull ring and applies upward force, it drives the capillary water guide to slide upward along the inner wall of the vertical guide tube until it is completely pulled out of the water storage unit; a new capillary water guide is inserted into the vertical guide tube along the opposite path until the water suction end contacts the bottom of the water storage unit.

[0043] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the vertical guide tube is a prefabricated arc-shaped rigid hollow rope groove 6 made of HDPE or PVC-U material. The groove protrudes upward to disperse the pressure of the upper matrix and prevent the groove from deforming and compacting the cotton rope. Hollow permeable holes 63 are evenly distributed on the groove wall to ensure that water is evenly diffused to the surrounding matrix.

[0044] The number of arc-shaped, rigid, hollowed-out rope grooves 6 is 3 to 5 sets, arranged at equal or gradient intervals along the vertical direction of the substrate layer 2. The vertical spacing between adjacent rope grooves is 5 to 10 cm, which can be flexibly adjusted according to the distribution of plant roots and thermal optimization objectives. The rope holes 61 at both ends of the rope grooves are equipped with smooth, wear-resistant protective ends 62 to prevent wear during pulling. The capillary water-conducting belt is specifically a replaceable reinforced absorbent cotton rope assembly 7 with a double-layer composite layered structure, consisting of a central reinforcing core 71 and a hydrophilic absorbent cotton layer 72 from the inside out. The central reinforcing core 71 is made of high-strength polyester fiber or galvanized steel wire to prevent the cotton rope from weakening due to corrosion and breaking during pulling. The hydrophilic absorbent cotton layer 72 is made of polyester fiber or cotton fiber.

[0045] The tension adjustment buckle is a stainless steel hook 73, which adopts a self-locking safety hook commonly used in rock climbing and fire rescue. It is equipped with a spring-return self-locking anti-detachment buckle, which automatically locks after docking. There is no risk of detachment under axial tension, and the tensile strength of the hook is not lower than the breaking strength of the cotton rope itself. Replaceable reinforced absorbent cotton rope components 7 are evenly distributed horizontally at intervals of 20 to 50 cm to ensure uniform water supply throughout the matrix layer 2. The stainless steel hooks 73 at both ends of a single cotton rope are used for docking and replacing old and new cotton ropes. During replacement, one end of the old cotton rope hook is fixedly connected to the hook of the new cotton rope hook. By pulling the other end of the old cotton rope, the new cotton rope is brought into the matrix layer 2 through the rope hole 61, achieving in-situ replacement without excavation. The water storage layer 4 is an integrated closed water storage cavity with an openable and closable operation hole 41 on the top of the side wall. The size of the hole is specially adapted for manual operation and cotton rope pulling, which is used to complete the pulling inspection and replacement without digging up the matrix layer. In this design, both ends of the cotton rope are submerged in the water of the water storage layer 4, and the middle of the rope passes through the rope grooves of each layer in a vertical direction, forming a unique U-shaped layered water supply path. Compared with the traditional straight cotton core structure with single-end water immersion, the U-shaped double-end water supply structure of this application has a longer capillary path and a wider coverage, which significantly improves the uniformity and stability of water supply and completely solves the defects of uneven traditional passive water supply.

[0046] This technical solution further enhances system reliability and control precision in structural details, embodying the structural synergy between mechanical protection and fluid transmission. The arched rigid hollow rope groove 6 utilizes the arch effect in materials mechanics to transform the vertical load of the upper matrix into tangential pressure along the groove wall, effectively avoiding the problem of capillary channel blockage caused by the flattening of traditional straight pipes. At the same time, the hollow permeable holes 63 in the groove wall break the limitation of water diffusion on the pipe wall, allowing capillary water to permeate radially from the linear source to the surrounding matrix, eliminating water supply blind spots.

[0047] The high-strength central reinforcing core 71 and the self-locking safety hook 73 form a double tensile protection chain at the core end. During replacement operations, even if the hydrophilic layer undergoes slight degradation due to long-term immersion, the reinforcing core can still withstand enormous tensile forces without breaking, ensuring the absolute feasibility of excavation-free replacement operations and achieving a perfect balance between structural strength and ease of maintenance. Furthermore, the gradient spacing of 3 to 5 sets of rope grooves is matched based on the vertical distribution law of plant root density, ensuring a high degree of spatial overlap between water supply and root water absorption needs, reducing ineffective evaporation. The physical isolation between the hydrophobic covering layer and the water delivery end of the capillary water-conducting tape, combined with precise positioning of the rope grooves, ensures that water is released only into the preset root active area, preventing surface wetting due to excessive capillary climb. This point-to-point drip irrigation capillary network greatly improves water use efficiency.

[0048] As a preferred technical solution, the spatial layout of the sensing and monitoring unit within the matrix layer 2 is as follows: The soil temperature and humidity sensor includes at least one surface sensor, at least one middle layer sensor, and at least one deep layer sensor; the surface sensor is buried in the surface layer of the matrix layer 2, located below the hydrophobic cover layer; the middle layer sensor is buried in the lower middle layer of the matrix layer 2, with its installation height corresponding to the height of the capillary water-conducting end; the deep layer sensor is buried in the deep layer of the matrix layer 2, located above the deep water storage module. The meteorological sensors include a total radiation sensor and an air temperature and humidity sensor, installed in an unobstructed area above the green roof; the plant stem flow meter is clamped onto the main stem of the green roof plant; the signal output terminals of each sensor are electrically connected to the input terminal of the central control unit.

[0049] Specifically, the monitoring unit 9 includes several sets of soil moisture sensors 91, soil temperature sensors 92, meteorological sensors 93, and a rainfall forecast access module 94. The sensors are arranged in layers along the vertical direction of the substrate layer 2, with their positions strictly corresponding to the positions of the arc-shaped rigid hollowed-out rope grooves 6, to monitor the hydrothermal state of the substrate at different depths in real time. The meteorological sensors 93 are used to monitor outdoor air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed. The rainfall forecast access module 94 is used to acquire rainfall forecast data for the next 24 to 72 hours. Based on the thermal effect decoupling optimization objective, the system pre-sets that the surface layer of the substrate layer 2 (0 to 3 cm) remains dry with low moisture content, while the moisture content of the root distribution area below the surface is maintained within a reasonable range determined according to the plant growth period and climatic conditions. This layout ensures that the central control unit can accurately identify the thermal state of the dry surface layer and the moist lower layers, providing data support for scenario-adaptive regulation.

[0050] The sensor network layout embodies a deep synergy between multi-dimensional perception and closed-loop feedback. Layered sensor deployment directly maps to the hydrothermal decoupling target: surface sensors directly monitor the effectiveness of the thermal barrier, mid-layer sensors monitor the transpiration engine's operating status, and deep-layer sensors monitor the safe water level of the water source reserve, constructing a complete digital twin model of the vertical hydrothermal profile. Plant physiological feedback introduced by the plant stem flow meter, combined with soil physical parameters, forms a comprehensive monitoring system encompassing plants, soil, and the atmosphere. When meteorological data shows high temperature and low humidity, while the stem flow meter indicates inhibited plant transpiration, the system can distinguish between water shortage and high-temperature stress, thus making more accurate decisions and avoiding potential plant damage caused by solely relying on soil moisture regulation, achieving a dynamic balance between physiological needs and thermal objectives.

[0051] Meanwhile, the rainfall forecast access module 94 extends the regulation time dimension from real-time response to future prediction. The system is no longer a passive executor, but rather adjusts the current water storage strategy in advance based on the meteorological trends of the next 24 to 72 hours. Real-time sensor data is used to correct model biases, and forecast data is used to formulate pre-regulation strategies. The integration of the two enables the system to empty reservoir capacity before heavy rain and fill water sources before drought, achieving peak shaving and valley filling in water resource allocation and maximizing the runoff control benefits of sponge cities.

[0052] As a preferred technical solution, the internal connection structure of the intelligent diversion valve group is as follows: The intelligent diversion valve group includes an electric regulating valve and a one-way check valve; the porous drainage pipe is laid horizontally at the bottom of the matrix layer 2, and the drainage holes are evenly distributed on the pipe wall; the inlet of the electric regulating valve is connected to the outlet of the porous drainage pipe, and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the rainwater storage facility through a pipe; the inlet of the one-way check valve is connected to the overflow port or side wall outlet of the deep water storage module, and the outlet is connected to the porous drainage pipe; the control end of the central control unit is electrically connected to the drive end of the electric regulating valve; when the water pressure in the porous drainage pipe is higher than the water pressure in the water storage unit, the one-way check valve is closed, blocking the water flow from the porous drainage pipe back to the water storage unit.

[0053] In specific implementation, the automatic water replenishment and water level control unit 8 includes a water replenishment pipe 81, a water replenishment solenoid valve 82, a water level sensor 83, and an electric drain valve 84. The outlet end of the water replenishment pipe 81 extends into the cavity of the water storage layer 4. The water level sensor 83 monitors the water level in real time. When the water level is lower than the preset minimum working water level, the main controller 10 controls the water replenishment solenoid valve 82 to open for water replenishment. When the preset normal working water level is reached, the valve closes to ensure the continuity of capillary water supply. The electric drain valve 84 is used to drain water in advance under rainfall pre-control scenarios. The one-way backflow prevention mechanism effectively prevents the backflow of substrate water back into the water storage layer during the rainy season, ensuring the system's dehumidification capacity under continuous rainy conditions and avoiding the risk of substrate water accumulation and root rot. The main controller 10 can obtain operating power through a solar power system or the building's existing power supply circuit. This not only reduces the system's operating energy consumption but also makes it very easy to retrofit and promote on existing building roofs, adapting to different power supply needs.

[0054] The hydraulic control components are designed to demonstrate the logical synergy of bidirectional flow and unidirectional blockage. The introduction of a unidirectional check valve is key to solving the problem of backflow during the rainy season. Under normal water supply mode, the water level in storage layer 4 is higher than the drainage pipe, and the check valve closes to ensure that the stored irrigation water is not lost. Under heavy rain drainage mode, the water pressure in substrate layer 2 increases, which pushes the check valve to open or, with the assistance of control logic, allows water to flow unidirectionally into the rainwater facility. More importantly, it physically blocks the risk of backflow when the external rainwater network is at a high water level. The electric regulating valve works in conjunction with the unidirectional check valve to achieve intelligent switching of water flow direction. The system can actively extract excess water from the substrate, prevent external flood intrusion, and lock the internal water source on non-rainy days. This mechanism ensures that substrate layer 2 maintains suitable aeration porosity under any extreme weather conditions, fundamentally preventing root rot in plants.

[0055] Furthermore, the solar power system is dual-mode compatible with existing circuits, which not only reduces operating costs but also improves the system's survivability in extreme weather conditions. Even in the event of a power outage, the purely mechanical characteristics of the one-way check valve still provide basic backflow protection, while the solar system ensures the continuous operation of critical sensors and control units, demonstrating a synergistic effect of active intelligence and passive safety.

[0056] As a preferred technical solution, the system also includes a water purification and diversion structure: a water quality monitoring sensor is connected in series on the connecting pipe between the porous drainage pipe and the electric regulating valve, and the output of the water quality monitoring sensor is connected to the central control unit; the electric regulating valve is a multi-channel switching valve, with its outlet connected to the municipal stormwater network and the rainwater storage facility respectively; the central control unit controls the flow direction switching of the electric regulating valve based on the water quality parameter data collected by the water quality monitoring sensor: when the water quality parameter exceeds the preset limit, it connects to the municipal stormwater network; when the water quality parameter is lower than or equal to the preset limit, it connects to the rainwater storage facility. This structure, combined with a single reservoir water balance model adapted to the interflow characteristics of green roof soil, can accurately simulate rainfall runoff and scientifically regulate rainwater storage.

[0057] The model calculation steps strictly follow logic: First, the model boundary is set for the single-reservoir water storage structure of the green roof, the calculation duration of rainfall events is ensured to be consistent with the time step of future forecast rainfall, and the plant transpiration and soil evaporation rates in short-duration rainfall events are set. The value is set to 0 to match the characteristic that evapotranspiration during rainfall on green roofs is limited by solar radiation energy. Next, the roof catchment area is calibrated. Maximum saturated water content of matrix layer 2 Field water holding capacity Fixed parameters, including the comprehensive runoff coefficient The initial moisture content of the matrix layer 2 and the forecast rainfall intensity are obtained in real time by the monitoring unit 9 and are classified and calibrated. When the initial moisture content is lower than the field capacity, a low runoff coefficient is used, and when it is close to saturation, a high runoff coefficient is used.

[0058] Then use the formula Calculate the change in aquifer volume, where From initial moisture content, and Calculations determined that when the initial moisture content of substrate layer 2 is lower than field capacity, A positive value represents the amount of rainwater that matrix layer 2 can retain; when the initial moisture content of matrix layer 2 reaches saturation, Set it to 0. Finally, when the calculated... When the water volume exceeds the current remaining storage capacity of water storage layer 4, the excess portion is the expected overflow. Based on this, the main controller 10 determines the pre-drainage water level and duration, and executes the pre-drainage operation. This mechanism balances the runoff control benefits of sponge city with the guarantee of irrigation water sources.

[0059] By combining water quality diversion with a water quantity model, three-dimensional coordinated regulation of quality, quantity, and timing is achieved. Initial rainwater often carries more pollutants, while later rainwater is relatively cleaner. Water quality monitoring sensors determine water quality in real time and dynamically switch flow directions, enabling refined management of wastewater diversion and clean rainwater reuse. This mechanism is closely coupled with a water balance model. The model calculates the amount of water to be discharged, while the water quality sensors determine whether this water is discharged into the municipal pipe network or stored for reuse. This synergy not only reduces the pollution load on the municipal pipe network but also maximizes the recovery of high-quality rainwater resources for subsequent irrigation, achieving a win-win situation for both ecological and economic benefits.

[0060] Meanwhile, traditional runoff calculations often use a fixed runoff coefficient, which results in significant errors. This system innovatively introduces real-time matrix moisture content as a variable into the runoff coefficient. In the calibration process, dry substrates exhibit strong water absorption capacity, while saturated substrates generate runoff rapidly. This dynamic calibration allows the model to reflect the actual hydrological state of the substrate in real time. Rainfall forecast data provides the input boundary, real-time sensor data corrects the model parameters, and the water balance formula outputs the simulation results. The synergy of these three elements enables the system to accurately predict the overflow risk in the next few hours, thereby allowing for pre-drainage operations several hours in advance. This proactive capability transforms passive response into active defense, significantly enhancing the flood retention and peak reduction capabilities of green roofs during extreme rainstorm events.

[0061] This application also provides a method for layered targeted hydrothermal decoupling control of green roofs based on the above-mentioned layered targeted hydrothermal decoupling control, the method comprising the following steps:

[0062] Step S1: Collect soil temperature and humidity data at different depths of the matrix layer 2, meteorological data of the external environment of the roof, and plant stem flow data in real time through the sensing and monitoring unit, and transmit the above data to the central control unit.

[0063] Step S2: The central control unit identifies the current operating condition type based on the received data. The operating condition type includes at least high temperature and drought conditions and rainy and humid conditions.

[0064] Step S3: When the high temperature and drought condition is identified, the water and heat balance control sub-step is executed: The central control unit compares the surface moisture content with the preset drying threshold and the middle layer moisture content with the preset wetting threshold, and drives the liquid level adjustment mechanism to adjust the liquid level of the water storage unit to change the pressure difference at both ends of the capillary water guide belt, thereby adjusting the water delivery volume.

[0065] Step S4: When the condition is identified as rainy and humid, the drainage and flood prevention sub-step is executed: the central control unit drives the liquid level adjustment mechanism to lower the liquid level of the water storage unit to the lowest level, and controls the intelligent diversion valve group to open, so that the excess water in the matrix layer 2 can be discharged through the porous drainage pipe.

[0066] Step S5: During the execution of step S4, rainwater quality parameters are detected by a water quality monitoring sensor, and the electric regulating valve is controlled to divert rainwater to the municipal pipe network or rainwater storage facility based on the parameters.

[0067] As shown in Figure 4, this method is further refined into adaptive control strategies for four scenarios: routine operation and maintenance, high temperature and drought, continuous rainy weather, and rainfall forecasting. Figure 4a Main flowchart, Figure 4b to Figure 4e The detailed control procedures for each scenario are as follows. In routine operation and maintenance scenarios, the integrity of the replaceable reinforced absorbent cotton rope assembly 7 is checked periodically. Through the operation opening 41 on the side wall of the water storage layer 4, the old cotton rope is first connected to the new cotton rope via the stainless steel hook 73. Then, the old cotton rope is pulled out from the matrix layer 2, at which point the new cotton rope is located in the soil of the matrix layer 2. The blockage, aging, and damage of the old cotton rope are checked. If it is in good condition, the old cotton rope is reset. If blockage or aging occurs, the old cotton rope is cut off, and the new cotton rope is left directly in the soil of the matrix layer 2, thus completing the excavation-free in-situ replacement.

[0068] In high-temperature and drought scenarios, if low moisture content and high soil temperature are detected at the target depth, in addition to raising the water level of the water storage layer 4 to increase the submersion length of the cotton rope, a pre-soaked section can be introduced into the matrix layer 2 by pulling and replacing it to achieve emergency water supply. In continuous rainy scenarios, the cotton rope is removed from the water and suspended at the operating opening 41 to suspend water supply. If the moisture content is still high, a dry cotton rope is pulled in to quickly reduce the moisture content of the matrix using its water absorption effect. The moisture content of the matrix layer 2 can be continuously reduced by continuously pulling in dry cotton rope. In rainfall pre-control scenarios, the expected runoff is calculated based on the above water balance model. If it exceeds the remaining volume, pre-drainage is carried out. This method constructs a control system covering the entire meteorological cycle, solving the deficiency of existing passive water supply without self-regulation capability, and demonstrating the strategic synergy of scenario adaptation and diversified means.

[0069] Under extreme high temperatures and drought, the system not only relies on raising the liquid level to increase capillary force, but also innovatively utilizes a pull-and-replace mechanism to introduce pre-wetted cotton ropes. This is equivalent to directly injecting liquid water into the capillary network, instantly increasing the local moisture content and overcoming the limitation of slow capillary climb speed. During prolonged periods of rain, the system reverses this by utilizing the absorbency of the cotton ropes, pulling in dry cotton ropes as solid absorbents to actively absorb excess moisture from the substrate. This approach, which transforms maintenance operations into control measures, greatly expands the system's adjustment range and response speed, achieving seamless switching between routine adjustments and emergency interventions. From routine integrity checks to increased supply during the dry season, drainage during the rainy season, and pre-rain control, the methods cover the entire lifecycle of green roof operation. The strategies for each scenario are not isolated but dynamically switched based on a unified data foundation and control core. For example, the effectiveness of rainfall pre-control directly affects the drainage pressure under rainy and humid conditions. This causal synergy between the preceding and following stages ensures that the system always operates in its optimal state.

[0070] As a preferred technical solution, the specific method of the water-heat balance control sub-step in step S3 is as follows: If the surface moisture content collected by the surface sensor is lower than or equal to the preset drying threshold, and the middle layer moisture content collected by the middle layer sensor is lower than the preset wetting threshold, the central control unit drives the drive motor to rotate in the forward direction, causing the float valve assembly to rise and raise the reference liquid level in the water storage unit. If the surface moisture content collected by the surface sensor exceeds the preset drying threshold, the central control unit drives the drive motor to rotate in the reverse direction or stop, causing the float valve assembly to descend or remain stationary, so as to reduce or cut off the water delivery of the capillary water guide belt and maintain the surface dry state.

[0071] This process aims to stably create an ideal hydrothermal profile: a dry, low-thermal-conductivity top 0-3 cm layer and a moist, transpiration-preserving lower layer. The dry surface layer has low thermal conductivity, forming a strong insulating barrier to block sensible solar radiation. The moist lower layer ensures water absorption by plant roots, maintaining a continuous and stable latent heat cooling effect through transpiration. This fundamentally resolves the inherent contradiction between the latent heat gain from surface irrigation and the penalty for deteriorating thermal conductivity, maximizing net cooling benefits without complex algorithms. This sub-step demonstrates the precise synergy between threshold feedback and physical decoupling. The system does not rely solely on data from a single layer but employs an interlocking logic of a dry surface and a moist middle layer. Action is triggered only when both conditions are simultaneously met or deviated from. This logic avoids malfunctions caused by fluctuations in single-layer data, ensuring the stability of the dry-top-wet-bottom profile. By precisely controlling the dryness of the top 0-3 cm layer, the system utilizes the low thermal conductivity of air to construct an insulating layer, with insulation effects far superior to moist soil. This minute difference in moisture content control results in a significant increase in thermal resistance, which is key to achieving building energy efficiency.

[0072] As a preferred technical solution, step S3 also includes a feedforward correction method based on plant transpiration rate: the central control unit receives transpiration rate data collected by the plant stem flow meter in real time; when the transpiration rate data exceeds a preset peak threshold, the central control unit temporarily relaxes the upper limit of the preset drying threshold, allowing the surface moisture content to be slightly higher than the standard drying threshold for a limited time. After the limited time ends, regardless of how the transpiration rate data changes, the central control unit forcibly restores the standard drying threshold and performs a liquid level reduction operation to bring the surface moisture content back below the standard drying threshold. This strategy combines plant physiological needs with thermal optimization objectives, ensuring that plants are not damaged by water shortage under extreme high temperatures, while rapidly restoring the surface insulation performance during off-peak periods.

[0073] The feedforward correction method embodies the synergistic priority of physiological protection and thermal safety net. Under extreme high temperatures, plant survival takes precedence over building insulation. The system identifies the plants' thirst signals through stem flow meters and temporarily sacrifices some surface insulation performance in exchange for plant survival and stronger latent heat cooling. The setting of time limits and a forced recovery mechanism ensures that this sacrifice is temporary and controllable. Once the extreme conditions have passed, the system immediately returns to its optimal thermal state. This mechanism protects vegetation while guaranteeing long-term energy savings, achieving harmonious coexistence between organisms and the man-made environment.

[0074] As a preferred technical solution, step S4, the drainage and flood control sub-step, also includes a one-way blocking and post-rain recovery method: during the discharge of excess water, a one-way check valve automatically blocks the backflow of water from the porous drainage pipe to the water storage unit; after the rain stops, the central control unit continuously tracks the moisture content recovery curves collected by the surface sensor and the middle layer sensor. Only when the surface moisture content collected by the surface sensor falls back to the standard drying threshold, and the middle layer moisture content collected by the middle layer sensor recovers to the appropriate range, does the central control unit close the electric regulating valve and drive the liquid level regulating mechanism to reset the float valve assembly, thus releasing the drainage and flood control state. This mechanism uses a one-way check valve to prevent backflow of accumulated water and, through strict moisture content recovery judgment logic, ensures that the system can automatically and safely recover to the optimal thermal operating state after rain.

[0075] The post-rain recovery method demonstrates a safe synergy between physical blocking and logical verification. A one-way check valve provides the first physical line of defense against backflow from high external water levels, while moisture content recovery curve tracking provides the second logical line of defense, ensuring that the water supply system is only restarted after all internal moisture has been truly drained and its distribution meets standards. The system does not blindly reset; instead, it uses the achievement of two standards based on measured data as restart conditions. This avoids the risk of premature water supply restoration when the substrate is still excessively wet after rain, leading to secondary water accumulation, and ensures that the system starts from its optimal initial state in each cycle.

[0076] As a preferred technical solution, the layered targeted hydrothermal decoupling control method for green roofs also includes a pre-regulation step based on meteorological forecast data: the central control unit receives external meteorological forecast data; when continuous high-temperature and drought weather is predicted, the liquid level regulating mechanism is automatically driven to fill the water storage unit during the low-temperature period at night, pre-wetting the middle and lower substrate; when continuous heavy rain weather is predicted, the liquid level regulating mechanism is driven in advance to lower the liquid level of the water storage unit to the lowest level, and the electric regulating valve is pre-opened to standby mode to maximize the storage capacity of substrate layer 2. This step utilizes the data for the next 24 to 72 hours obtained by the rainfall forecast access module 94, combined with a single reservoir water balance model for forward-looking regulation, which not only improves the system's response speed and adaptability, but also achieves the maximum utilization of rainwater resources and effective control of runoff, demonstrating the system's high level of intelligence and practicality in engineering applications, and is suitable for the large-scale promotion of prefabricated modular green roofs.

[0077] The pre-regulation steps embody a strategic synergy of trading time for space and optimizing resources. Pre-wetting is performed by utilizing the low evaporation rates at night, and pre-drainage is carried out during the off-peak hours before rain. This time-differentiated approach cleverly avoids resource conflicts during peak periods. Simultaneously, the fixed physical storage capacity is transformed into dynamic effective storage capacity. In the dry season, effective storage capacity refers to water storage volume, while in the rainy season, it refers to regulation and storage capacity. The system dynamically adjusts the ratio between these two based on forecasts, maximizing the functionality of the same facility under different seasons and weather conditions, significantly enhancing the climate adaptability and engineering value of green roofs.

[0078] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this application specification and claims do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, "an" or "a" and similar terms do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. "A plurality" or "several" indicates at least two. Unless otherwise stated, terms such as "front," "back," "left," "right," "lower," and / or "upper" are for illustrative purposes only and are not limited to a location or spatial orientation. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" indicate that the elements or objects preceding "comprising" encompass the elements or objects listed following "comprising" or "including" and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.

[0079] The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in this application specification and appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0080] It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A layered targeted hydrothermal decoupling control system for green roofs, characterized in that, include: The deep water storage module is laid on top of the drainage board of the green roof structure layer and includes multiple independent and hydraulically connected water storage units. Each water storage unit is equipped with a liquid level adjustment mechanism. A vertical stratified water supply assembly includes a capillary water guide belt and a vertical guide pipe. The vertical guide pipe vertically penetrates the substrate layer, with its lower end extending to the bottom of the deep water storage module and its upper end extending below the surface of the substrate layer. The capillary water guide belt is inserted into the vertical guide pipe, with its water absorption end submerged below the liquid surface of the water storage unit and its water delivery end extending to the middle root active zone of the substrate layer. A tension adjustment buckle is connected to the top of the capillary water guide belt, and the tension adjustment buckle is located at the surface of the substrate layer or at a shallow inspection port. A hydrophobic capping layer, covering the outermost layer of the matrix layer, comprises highly porous hydrophobic particles, and the hydrophobic capping layer is physically isolated from the water delivery end of the capillary water-conducting band in the vertical direction. The soil flow outlet component is buried at the bottom of the matrix layer and located above the deep water storage module. It includes a porous drainage pipe and an intelligent diversion valve group. One end of the porous drainage pipe is connected to the lower space of the matrix layer, and the other end is connected to the rainwater storage facility through the intelligent diversion valve group. The sensing and monitoring unit includes soil temperature and humidity sensors distributed at different depths of the matrix layer, meteorological sensors installed on the external environment of the roof, and plant stem flow meters. The central control unit is electrically connected to the liquid level regulating mechanism, the intelligent diversion valve group, and the sensing and monitoring unit, respectively. The central control unit is configured to identify the operating conditions based on the data collected by the sensing and monitoring unit, and drive the liquid level regulating mechanism to change the liquid level of the water storage unit to regulate the water delivery of the capillary water guide, or drive the intelligent diversion valve group to open to discharge excess rainwater.

2. The green roof layered targeted hydrothermal decoupling control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The deep water storage module, together with the vertical stratified water supply component, forms a trenchless replacement structure. The liquid level regulating mechanism includes a drive motor disposed inside each of the water storage units and a float valve assembly driven by the drive motor, the float valve assembly being slidably connected to the inner wall of the water storage unit; The vertical guide tube is made of a hard, smooth tube, and its inner diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the capillary water guide strip, so that the capillary water guide strip forms an axial sliding fit inside the vertical guide tube. The capillary water-conducting tape includes an inner hydrophilic fiber core and an outer anti-corrosion sheath, wherein the hydrophilic fiber core and the anti-corrosion sheath are coaxially wrapped. The tension adjustment buckle is a rigid pull ring, which is fixedly connected to the top of the capillary water-conducting belt, and the position of the rigid pull ring is higher than the lower surface of the hydrophobic coating layer or exposed outside the openable cover plate provided on the hydrophobic coating layer. The top of the water storage unit is provided with a sealed inspection cover, the vertical guide tube passes through the positioning hole on the sealed inspection cover, and the sealed inspection cover is also provided with a waterproof interface for the control cable to pass through. When the external operating tool hooks the rigid pull ring and applies upward force, it drives the capillary water guide to slide upward along the inner wall of the vertical guide tube until the capillary water guide is completely pulled out of the water storage unit; a new capillary water guide is inserted into the vertical guide tube along the opposite path until its water absorption end contacts the bottom of the water storage unit.

3. The green roof layered targeted hydrothermal decoupling control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spatial arrangement of the sensing and monitoring unit within the matrix layer is as follows: The soil temperature and humidity sensor includes at least one surface sensor, at least one middle layer sensor and at least one deep layer sensor; The surface sensor is embedded in the surface of the matrix layer, located below the hydrophobic capping layer; The middle layer sensor is embedded in the lower layer of the matrix layer, and its installation height corresponds to the height of the water delivery end of the capillary water guide belt. The deep sensor is buried deep in the matrix layer and located above the deep water storage module; The meteorological sensor includes a total radiation sensor and an air temperature and humidity sensor, and is installed on an unobstructed area above the green roof. The plant stem flow meter is clamped onto the main stem of the green roof plant; The signal output terminals of each sensor are electrically connected to the input terminal of the central control unit.

4. The green roof layered targeted hydrothermal decoupling control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The internal connection structure of the intelligent diversion valve assembly is as follows: The intelligent diversion valve assembly includes an electric regulating valve and a one-way check valve; The porous drainage pipe is laid horizontally at the bottom of the matrix layer, and its pipe wall has evenly distributed drainage holes. The inlet of the electric regulating valve is connected to the outlet of the porous drainage pipe, and the outlet of the electric regulating valve is connected to the inlet of the rainwater storage facility through a pipe. The inlet end of the one-way check valve is connected to the upper overflow port or side wall outlet of the deep water storage module, and the outlet end of the one-way check valve is connected to the porous drainage pipe. The control terminal of the central control unit is electrically connected to the drive terminal of the electric regulating valve; When the water pressure in the porous drainage pipe is higher than the water pressure in the water storage unit, the one-way check valve is closed, preventing water from flowing back from the porous drainage pipe to the water storage unit.

5. The green roof layered targeted hydrothermal decoupling control system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The system also includes a water purification and diversion structure: A water quality monitoring sensor is connected in series on the connecting pipe between the porous drainage pipe and the electric regulating valve, and the output end of the water quality monitoring sensor is connected to the central control unit. The electric regulating valve is a multi-channel switching valve, and its outlets are respectively connected to the municipal stormwater pipe network and the stormwater storage facility. The central control unit controls the flow direction switching of the electric regulating valve based on the water quality parameter data collected by the water quality monitoring sensor: when the water quality parameter exceeds the preset limit, it connects to the municipal rainwater pipe network; when the water quality parameter is lower than or equal to the preset limit, it connects to the rainwater storage facility.

6. A method for layered targeted hydrothermal decoupling control of green roofs based on the layered targeted hydrothermal decoupling control of any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: The sensing and monitoring unit collects soil temperature and humidity data at different depths of the matrix layer, meteorological data of the external environment of the roof, and plant stem flow data in real time, and transmits the above data to the central control unit; Step S2: The central control unit identifies the current operating condition type based on the received data. The operating condition type includes at least high temperature and drought conditions and rainy and humid conditions. Step S3: When the high temperature and drought condition is identified, the water and heat balance control sub-step is executed: The central control unit compares the surface moisture content with the preset drying threshold and the middle layer moisture content with the preset wetting threshold, and drives the liquid level adjustment mechanism to adjust the liquid level of the water storage unit to change the pressure difference at both ends of the capillary water guide belt, thereby adjusting the water delivery volume. Step S4: When the condition is identified as rainy and humid, the drainage and flood prevention sub-step is executed: the central control unit drives the liquid level adjustment mechanism to lower the liquid level of the water storage unit to the lowest level, and controls the intelligent diversion valve group to open, so that the excess water in the matrix layer can be discharged through the porous drainage pipe. Step S5: During the execution of step S4, rainwater quality parameters are detected by a water quality monitoring sensor, and the electric regulating valve is controlled to divert rainwater to the municipal pipe network or rainwater storage facility based on the parameters.

7. The layered targeted hydrothermal decoupling control method for green roofs according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific method for the water-heat balance control sub-step in step S3 is as follows: If the surface moisture content collected by the surface sensor is lower than or equal to the preset drying threshold, and the middle moisture content collected by the middle sensor is lower than the preset wetting threshold, the central control unit drives the drive motor to rotate in the forward direction, causing the float valve assembly to rise and raising the reference liquid level in the water storage unit. If the surface moisture content collected by the surface sensor exceeds the preset drying threshold, the central control unit drives the drive motor to rotate in the opposite direction or stop, causing the float valve assembly to descend or remain stationary, so as to reduce or cut off the water delivery of the capillary water guide and maintain the surface dry state.

8. The layered targeted hydrothermal decoupling control method for green roofs according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step S3 also includes a feedforward correction method based on plant transpiration rate: The central control unit receives transpiration rate data collected by the plant stem flow meter in real time; When the evaporation rate data exceeds the preset peak threshold, the central control unit temporarily relaxes the upper limit of the preset drying threshold, allowing the surface moisture content to be slightly higher than the standard drying threshold for a limited time. After the specified time period ends, regardless of how the evaporation rate data changes, the central control unit forcibly restores the standard drying threshold and performs a liquid level reduction operation to bring the surface moisture content back below the standard drying threshold.

9. The layered targeted hydrothermal decoupling control method for green roofs according to claim 6, characterized in that, The drainage and flood control sub-steps in step S4 also include one-way blocking and post-rain recovery methods: During the process of draining excess water, the one-way check valve automatically blocks the water flow from the porous drainage pipe back to the water storage unit. After the rain stops, the central control unit continuously tracks the moisture content recovery curves collected by the surface sensor and the middle sensor; The central control unit will only close the electric regulating valve and drive the liquid level regulating mechanism to reset the float valve assembly and release the flood control and drainage state when the surface moisture content collected by the surface sensor falls back to the standard drying threshold and the middle moisture content collected by the middle sensor recovers to the appropriate range.

10. The layered targeted hydrothermal decoupling control method for green roofs according to claim 6, characterized in that, The layered targeted hydrothermal decoupling control method for green roofs also includes a pre-adjustment step based on meteorological forecast data: The central control unit receives external weather forecast data; When continuous high temperature and drought weather is predicted, the liquid level adjustment mechanism is automatically driven to fill the water storage unit during the low temperature period at night, pre-wetting the middle and lower layers of substrate. When continuous heavy rain is predicted, the liquid level regulating mechanism is activated in advance to lower the liquid level of the water storage unit to the lowest level, and the electric regulating valve is pre-opened to standby mode to maximize the storage capacity of the substrate layer.

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