A method for planting and harvesting eucommia ulmoides with high yield of fresh tender branches and leaves

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of high yield fresh tender branch and leaf's eucommia ulmoides plantation and harvesting method, the eucommia ulmoides plantation and harvesting method includes selecting triploid eucommia ulmoides annual year seedling;Adopt wide and narrow row strip planting mode and plant seedling;Planting year is 32~40cm from ground position uniformly stubble treatment, and form first level main stake;Second year, 5~7 branches are selected and reserved as second level side stake from the shoot of first level main stake germination;From the third year of planting, in late September to mid October every year, the all annual year tender branch of second level side stake germination is harvested;The planting and harvesting method of the application is with main stake-side stake two level permanent skeleton+annual year harvesting new branch three level tree form structure, realizes eucommia ulmoides gum 70~110kg per mu, breaks through the industry upper limit of existing 50kg per mu, and simultaneously realizes standing harvesting, the effect of long-acting and stable yield of tree body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of directional cultivation technology for economic forest trees, specifically to a method for planting and harvesting Eucommia ulmoides with high yield of tender branches and leaves. Background Technology

[0002] The bark and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. are rich in eucommia gum (trans-1,4-polyisoprene). This polymer material has excellent properties such as amphoteric properties, shape memory, and self-healing, and is in high demand in fields such as military equipment, biomedicine, new energy sealing, and 3D printing consumables.

[0003] The existing industrialized cultivation models of Eucommia ulmoides are mainly divided into three categories: tree forest, orchard, and short-cycle leaf forest. The industry has long relied on the development ideas of traditional Chinese medicine, with medicinal bark as the development target, and there are five major industry pain points:

[0004] (1) Traditional tree forest: about 110 trees are planted per mu, resulting in low land utilization and less than 1 ton of fresh leaves per mu. The trees are tall, and harvesting requires climbing, which increases the cost of manual harvesting and poses a great safety hazard. The production cycle is 15 to 20 years, and the capital recovery cycle is too long.

[0005] (2) Existing leaf forest / orchard cultivation: The harvesting target is limited to pure leaves, discarding the high gum content phloem resources of tender branches; According to the actual measurement data of Du Hongyan's team of the Chinese Academy of Forestry in 2025, the upper limit of the yield of Eucommia ulmoides gum under various existing cultivation models is less than 50 kg per mu, and the raw material production capacity has become the bottleneck of Eucommia ulmoides gum industrialization.

[0006] (3) Unreasonable tree design: There is no permanent skeleton grading structure, the whole tree is cut down or heavily pruned every year, the tree life is short and the ability to produce stable yield year after year is poor.

[0007] (4) Harvesting limitations: picking only leaves requires bending over, while picking trees requires climbing high, resulting in low manual efficiency and restricting the supply of raw materials on a large scale.

[0008] In summary, the industry urgently needs a new Eucommia ulmoides planting and harvesting process that enables targeted enrichment of Eucommia ulmoides gum, stable yield through graded tree structure, convenient standing harvesting, and maximizes the effective bark and leaf raw materials per unit area. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for planting and harvesting Eucommia ulmoides with high yield and tender branches and leaves. This invention provides a planting and harvesting process for Eucommia ulmoides with a two-level permanent framework of main stump and side stumps and a three-level tree structure of harvested new branches of the current year. It achieves a yield of 70-110 kg of Eucommia ulmoides gum per mu, far exceeding the existing industry upper limit of 50 kg / mu, and at the same time achieves the effect of standing harvesting and long-term stable production of the tree.

[0010] In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives of the present invention, the following technical solution is adopted:

[0011] The first aspect of this invention provides a method for planting and harvesting Eucommia ulmoides with high yield and tender branches and leaves, the method comprising the following steps:

[0012] (a) Select robust one-year-old triploid Eucommia ulmoides seedlings;

[0013] (b) Plant robust seedlings using a wide-narrow row strip dense planting pattern;

[0014] (c) From late September to mid-October of the year of planting, the soil at a height of 32-40cm above the ground is uniformly cut off to form a primary main stump;

[0015] (d) In the second year, select 5 to 7 branches from the sprouts of the primary main stake as secondary side stakes. Pull the secondary side stakes with ropes so that the secondary side stakes form an angle of 25 to 36° with the vertical line. After the shape of the secondary side stakes is fixed, release the rope pulling and the secondary side stakes will be arranged in an umbrella shape.

[0016] (e) Starting from the third year after planting, from late September to mid-October each year, harvest all the tender shoots that sprout from the secondary side stakes, while retaining the main stake and the secondary side stakes themselves during harvesting.

[0017] Preferably, in step (a), the triploid Eucommia ulmoides is Jingzhong No. 1 to Jingzhong No. 8, with a robust seedling height of 50-80cm and a ground diameter ≥0.8cm.

[0018] Preferably, in step (b), the wide and narrow row strip dense planting has a wide row spacing of 1.8~2.2m, a narrow row spacing of 0.8~1.2m, and a plant spacing of 0.8~1.2m.

[0019] Preferably, in step (d), the length of the secondary side pile is 1.8~2.5m.

[0020] Preferably, in step (d), the service life of the secondary side stake is 10 years, and new replacement branches are cultivated at the base of the corresponding secondary side stake in the 8th to 9th year after planting, so as to achieve seamless rotation and renewal of the old and new secondary side stakes.

[0021] Preferably, the method for planting and harvesting Eucommia ulmoides also includes water and fertilizer management; the water and fertilizer management includes: applying nitrogen fertilizer 2 to 3 times in the year of planting; applying compound fertilizer before sprouting in spring every year from the second year onwards; applying well-rotted farmyard manure by opening ditches after harvesting each year; opening ditches for drainage during the rainy season; and irrigating to replenish water during the dry season.

[0022] Preferably, in step (c), after the coppicing treatment, a mixed solution of carbendazim and naphthaleneacetic acid is applied to the wound of the primary main pile.

[0023] Preferably, the mixed solution of carbendazim and naphthaleneacetic acid contains 0.05% to 0.1% carbendazim by mass and 0.001% to 0.002% naphthaleneacetic acid by mass.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least the following:

[0025] In this invention, the method for planting and harvesting Eucommia ulmoides involves rotating primary main stumps every 30-50 years and secondary side stumps every 10 years, allowing for continuous harvesting for over 10 years from a single orchard establishment, thus avoiding the drawbacks of annual replanting and slow production. Furthermore, the approximately 2-meter-wide working channel combined with umbrella-shaped low-lying side stumps allows for standing harvesting throughout, eliminating the need for climbing equipment and reducing labor costs. Simultaneously, harvesting the entire branch (bark and leaves) more than doubles the effective raw material compared to harvesting only leaves, exceeding the current upper limit for gum production. Moreover, it prioritizes 1-year-old tender branches (with the highest bark content), yielding 6%-10% gum in effective raw materials, compared to only 2%-5% in existing leaves, significantly improving raw material quality. Additionally, this invention produces 380-420 Eucommia ulmoides plants per acre, far exceeding the traditional 110 plants per acre for large forests. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the examples. The following embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention more clearly, and are therefore only examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the technical or scientific terms used in this application should have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0028] This invention provides a method for planting and harvesting Eucommia ulmoides with high yield and tender branches and leaves, the method comprising the following steps:

[0029] (a) Select robust one-year-old triploid Eucommia ulmoides seedlings;

[0030] (b) Plant robust seedlings using a wide-narrow row strip dense planting pattern;

[0031] (c) From late September to mid-October of the year of planting, the soil at a height of 32-40cm above the ground is uniformly cut off to form a primary main stump;

[0032] (d) In the second year, select 5 to 7 branches from the sprouts of the primary main stake as secondary side stakes. Pull the secondary side stakes with ropes so that the secondary side stakes form an angle of 25 to 36° with the vertical line. After the shape of the secondary side stakes is fixed, release the rope pulling and the secondary side stakes will be arranged in an umbrella shape.

[0033] (e) Starting from the third year after planting, from late September to mid-October each year, harvest all the tender shoots that sprout from the secondary side stakes, while retaining the main stake and the secondary side stakes themselves during harvesting.

[0034] In one embodiment, in step (a), the triploid Eucommia ulmoides is Jingzhong No. 1 to Jingzhong No. 8, with a robust seedling height of 50 to 80 cm and a ground diameter ≥ 0.8 cm.

[0035] In one embodiment, in step (b), the wide and narrow row strip planting is characterized by a wide row spacing of 1.8-2.2m, a narrow row spacing of 0.8-1.2m, and a plant spacing of 0.8-1.2m.

[0036] In one embodiment, in step (d), the length of the secondary side pile is 1.8~2.5m.

[0037] In one embodiment, in step (d), the service life of the secondary side stake is 10 years. In the 8th to 9th year after planting, new replacement branches are cultivated at the base of the corresponding secondary side stake to achieve seamless rotation and renewal of the old and new secondary side stakes.

[0038] In one embodiment, the Eucommia ulmoides planting and harvesting method further includes water and fertilizer management; the water and fertilizer management includes: applying nitrogen fertilizer 2 to 3 times in the year of planting; applying compound fertilizer before sprouting in spring every year from the second year onwards; applying well-rotted farmyard manure by opening ditches after harvesting each year; opening ditches for drainage during the rainy season; and irrigating to replenish water during the dry season.

[0039] In one embodiment, in step (c), after coppicing, a mixed solution of carbendazim and naphthaleneacetic acid is applied to the wound of the primary main pile.

[0040] In one embodiment, the mixed solution of carbendazim and naphthaleneacetic acid contains 0.05% to 0.1% carbendazim by mass and 0.001% to 0.002% naphthaleneacetic acid by mass.

[0041] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] This embodiment describes a method for planting and harvesting Eucommia ulmoides with high yield and tender branches and leaves (Longchang area, southern Sichuan). The method includes the following steps:

[0044] Planting area: Longchang area in southern Sichuan (average annual temperature 17-18℃, frost-free period of about 330 days); Planting scale: 1 mu; Topography: hilly slopes;

[0045] (a) Select robust one-year-old Eucommia ulmoides seedlings of triploid variety Jingzhong No. 3 with a ground diameter ≥ 0.8 cm and a plant height of 60 cm;

[0046] (b) In late February, plant 400 plants with a row width of 2.0m, a row width of 1.0m, and a plant spacing of 1.0m. Apply nitrogen fertilizer twice in the year of planting (10kg urea / mu).

[0047] (c) Allow the plant to grow naturally in the first year. In late September, cut it off at 35cm above the ground and apply a mixed solution of carbendazim and naphthaleneacetic acid. The mixed solution contains 0.08% carbendazim and 0.0015% naphthaleneacetic acid. From the second year onwards, apply compound fertilizer (NPK 15:15:15, 15kg / mu) before sprouting in spring. From the second year onwards, apply well-rotted farmyard manure (pig manure and corn stalks composted and fermented at a mass ratio of 7:3, 1500kg / mu) after harvesting each year. Ditch the planted area for drainage during the rainy season and irrigate during the dry season.

[0048] (d) In the second year, select 6 shoots from the sprouts of the primary main pile and cultivate them into permanent side piles. Pull them to fix them so that the secondary side piles form a 30° angle with the vertical line. After the shape of the secondary side piles is fixed, release the rope pull and the secondary side piles are arranged in an umbrella shape. The target length of the secondary side piles is 2 meters.

[0049] (e) From the third year onwards, from late September to mid-October each year, harvest all the new shoots (with leaves) that sprout from the secondary side stakes.

[0050] Experimental Example

[0051] The fresh, tender branches and leaves harvested in Example 1 were used to extract Eucommia gum using the following method;

[0052] (1) Harvest the tender branches and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides in the current year and cut them into sections, the length of which is 2-4 cm;

[0053] (2) Mix the cut tender branches and leaves with water and crush them into a slurry to obtain a slurry, wherein the mass percentage of tender branches and leaves in the slurry is 10%;

[0054] (3) The slurry is subjected to steam explosion treatment and then double roller kneading treatment. The steam explosion treatment pressure is 1MPa, the temperature is 160℃, and the time is 10min. The surface of the double rollers is made of soft rubber with a hardness of 40 Shore A. The gap between the rollers is 2mm and the rotation speed is 100r / min.

[0055] (4) The material after kneading is separated by hydrocyclone method, the overflow is collected, and then the overflow is screened by double-layer vibrating screen. The intercepted material between the double-layer vibrating screen is collected, washed and dehydrated to obtain Eucommia ulmoides crude gum. The control parameters of hydrocyclone method are: feed pressure 0.4MPa, feed flow rate 10m³ / h, bottom outlet diameter 6mm; the upper screen mesh size of the double vibrating screen is 2mm, and the lower screen mesh size is 0.5mm.

[0056] (5) The crude eucommia gum is dried at 45°C until the moisture content is 7.3% to obtain the eucommia gum.

[0057] According to calculations, the yield per mu of Eucommia ulmoides gum in the third to fifth years of the Eucommia ulmoides planting and harvesting method in the embodiments of this application is 75.2 kg, 93.6 kg, and 102.1 kg, respectively.

[0058] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting and harvesting Eucommia ulmoides with high yield of tender branches and leaves, characterized in that, The method for planting and harvesting Eucommia ulmoides includes the following steps: (a) Select robust one-year-old triploid Eucommia ulmoides seedlings; (b) Plant robust seedlings using a wide-narrow row strip dense planting pattern; (c) From late September to mid-October of the year of planting, the soil at a height of 32-40cm above the ground is uniformly cut off to form a primary main stump; (d) In the second year, select 5 to 7 branches from the sprouts of the primary main stake as secondary side stakes. Pull the secondary side stakes with ropes so that the secondary side stakes form an angle of 25 to 36° with the vertical line. After the shape of the secondary side stakes is fixed, release the rope pulling and the secondary side stakes will be arranged in an umbrella shape. (e) Starting from the third year after planting, from late September to mid-October each year, harvest all the tender shoots that sprout from the secondary side stakes, while retaining the main stake and the secondary side stakes themselves during harvesting.

2. The method for planting and harvesting Eucommia ulmoides according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (a), the triploid Eucommia ulmoides is Jingzhong No. 1 to Jingzhong No. 8, with robust seedlings reaching a height of 50-80cm and a ground diameter ≥0.8cm.

3. The method for planting and harvesting Eucommia ulmoides according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (b), the wide and narrow row strip planting is 1.8~2.2m wide row, 0.8~1.2m narrow row, and 0.8~1.2m plant spacing.

4. The method for planting and harvesting Eucommia ulmoides according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (d), the length of the secondary side pile is 1.8~2.5m.

5. The method for planting and harvesting Eucommia ulmoides according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (d), the service life of the secondary side stake is 10 years. In the 8th to 9th year after planting, new replacement branches are cultivated at the base of the corresponding secondary side stake to achieve seamless rotation and renewal of the old and new secondary side stakes.

6. The method for planting and harvesting Eucommia ulmoides according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for planting and harvesting Eucommia ulmoides also includes water and fertilizer management; the water and fertilizer management includes: applying nitrogen fertilizer 2 to 3 times in the year of planting; applying compound fertilizer before sprouting in spring every year from the second year onwards; applying well-rotted farmyard manure in ditches after harvesting each year; draining water in ditches during the rainy season; and irrigating water during the dry season.

7. The method for planting and harvesting Eucommia ulmoides according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (c), after coppicing, a mixed solution of carbendazim and naphthaleneacetic acid is applied to the wound of the primary main pile.

8. The method for planting and harvesting Eucommia ulmoides according to claim 7, characterized in that, The mixed solution of carbendazim and naphthaleneacetic acid contains 0.05% to 0.1% carbendazim by mass and 0.001% to 0.002% naphthaleneacetic acid by mass.