A method for improving drought stress resistance of wheat based on static magnetic field treatment

Abstract

The application discloses a method for improving drought stress resistance of wheat based on static magnetic field treatment and belongs to the technical field of crop stress resistance cultivation. TaNCED1, TaLEA5, TaNAC2 The application can significantly enhance the drought tolerance of wheat based on static magnetic field regulation: under drought stress, the expression of the TaNIP family and TaTIP family genes of the water channel protein of wheat is significantly down-regulated, the drought response gene expression is up-regulated, the water loss of wheat cells is inhibited, the antioxidant system of wheat is activated, the cell membrane structure integrity is protected, the photosynthesis capacity is maintained, and the water retention capacity and drought resistance of wheat under drought stress are synergistically enhanced from the two aspects of water regulation and adversity response. The application adopts a pure physical regulation method, does not need external chemical reagents and gene modification, is simple and convenient to operate, low in cost, green and pollution-free, can significantly improve the water retention capacity and stress resistance of wheat under drought conditions, is suitable for wheat stress resistance cultivation, and can provide technical support for stable grain production in drought and semiarid areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of stress-resistant cultivation technology for small crops, and in particular to a method for improving the drought stress resistance of wheat based on static magnetic field treatment. Background Technology

[0002] Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), as one of the world's three major staple crops, has its yield and quality directly related to food security and sustainable agricultural development. Especially in arid and semi-arid regions, wheat cultivation is a core pillar for ensuring regional food supply. Affected by global warming, the frequency, duration, and severity of drought stress are significantly increasing, becoming the primary abiotic stress factor restricting wheat production. Therefore, improving wheat drought resistance and ensuring stable and high-quality yields under drought stress has become a key technical challenge urgently needing to be addressed in modern agriculture.

[0003] Currently, the main ways to improve crop drought resistance include: drought-resistant variety breeding, genetic engineering improvement, application of exogenous regulatory substances, and microbial inoculant intervention. However, all of the above technologies have obvious limitations: traditional hybridization breeding has a long cycle and low genetic improvement efficiency, making it difficult to respond quickly to production needs; although genetic engineering technology has the advantage of precise improvement, it faces biosafety controversies, and its operation process is complex, research and development and application costs are high, limiting its large-scale promotion; the application of chemical regulation and microbial inoculants is easily affected by external environmental conditions such as temperature, water, and soil, resulting in insufficient stability of regulatory effects, and some chemical regulatory substances are also prone to causing environmental residues and secondary pollution of the ecological environment.

[0004] In comparison, physical regulation technologies, with their outstanding advantages such as being green and safe, easy to operate, having no exogenous residues, and being environmentally friendly, have gradually become a research hotspot in the field of crop stress resistance regulation. Among them, static magnetic field treatment, as a green and efficient emerging physical regulation technology, has been proven to effectively promote plant growth and significantly enhance its tolerance to abiotic stress by regulating plant cell metabolic processes, key enzyme activities, and nutrient and water absorption efficiency. Related studies have shown that magnetic fields can regulate plant cell membrane potential and permeability through mechanisms such as ion cyclotron resonance and free radical pair models, activate the activity of antioxidant systems, reduce oxidative damage under stress, and thus alleviate the adverse effects of abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity on plants, providing a potential technical pathway for crop stress resistance regulation.

[0005] However, the application of existing magnetic field technology in crop stress resistance still has the following limitations, which seriously restrict its large-scale promotion and industrial application: First, the application scenarios of the technology are limited. Existing magnetic field technology research focuses on improving the vitality of early stages such as seed germination, and there is a lack of research on the systematic regulation of drought stress throughout the wheat growth period. On the other hand, existing technologies have not clarified the core molecular mechanism of magnetic field regulation of crop drought resistance, and targeted regulation strategies have not yet been formed.

[0006] It is noteworthy that aquaporins (AQPs), as key carriers of water transport in plants, directly affect the efficiency of cellular water absorption and loss, playing a crucial regulatory role in plant drought resistance. Studies have found that drought stress and mycorrhizal symbiosis treatments can influence wheat root hydraulic conduction and water balance by regulating the expression of aquaporins from the TaNIP and TaTIP families. However, there are currently no reports on using physical methods to target and regulate wheat aquaporin expression to enhance drought resistance.

[0007] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a magnetic field regulation technology based on a clear molecular mechanism, standardized parameters, green and pollution-free, and low cost, which can enhance the water retention capacity of wheat by targeting the inhibition of aquaporin expression, thus providing a new physical regulation pathway for improving wheat drought resistance. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of the problems existing in the background art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the drought stress resistance of wheat based on static magnetic field treatment.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0010] A method for improving wheat drought stress resistance based on static magnetic field treatment includes the following steps: S1. Wheat seedling cultivation: Select plump wheat seeds, disinfect them, and germinate them in the dark at a constant temperature. Select strong seedlings with uniform growth and transplant them into wheat seedling culture containers filled with Hoglund complete nutrient solution for acclimatization and cultivation. S2. Constant static magnetic field pretreatment: Neodymium iron boron permanent magnets are placed on the outside of the bottom of the wheat seedling culture container. The magnetic field parameters are calibrated by a gaussmeter, and the stable magnetic field strength in the area where the wheat seedling roots are located is controlled to be 10-20mT for static magnetic field pretreatment. S3. Drought stress treatment: Wheat seedlings were pretreated with a static magnetic field for 5-7 days and then subjected to drought stress treatment to simulate drought stress culture. The static magnetic field treatment was maintained throughout the drought stress culture period. Through the synergistic regulation of the static magnetic field, the expression of wheat physiological indicators, drought response genes and aquaporin genes was improved, ultimately enhancing the drought resistance of wheat.

[0011] Preferably, in step S1, the conditions for constant temperature dark germination of wheat seeds are: temperature of 25℃, germination under dark conditions for 2-3 days.

[0012] Preferably, in step S1, the acclimatization and cultivation conditions of the seedlings are as follows: day and night cultivation temperature of 16℃, light cycle of 16 h / dark, replacement of Hoglund complete nutrient solution every 2-3 days, and constant temperature and light acclimatization and cultivation for 7 days.

[0013] Preferably, in step S2, the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet is an N35 type neodymium iron boron permanent magnet, and the magnet is arranged with the N pole facing upward and the S pole facing downward.

[0014] Preferably, in step S3, the application of drought stress treatment is: replacing the Hoglund complete nutrient solution in the culture container with a stress culture medium containing 300 mM osmotic regulator.

[0015] Preferably, the stress culture is maintained at a culture temperature of 16℃ throughout the entire process, with a photocycle of 16 h light / 8 h darkness, and the stress culture time is 10-12 days.

[0016] Preferably, the drought response genes include TaNCED1, TaLEA5, and TaNAC2, and the aquaporin genes include the TaNIP gene and the TaTIP gene.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The static magnetic field treatment of this invention can significantly enhance the drought tolerance of wheat: Under drought stress, the aboveground fresh weight, root fresh weight, and total chlorophyll content of wheat are significantly increased, while the relative water content of leaves increases significantly, the water loss rate decreases significantly, and the water retention capacity of leaves is significantly enhanced. At the physiological and metabolic level, the activities of antioxidant enzymes APX and CAT, as well as the contents of glutathione and soluble protein, are significantly increased, and the contents of malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage rate, which are membrane damage indicators, are significantly reduced, effectively alleviating drought-induced oxidative damage and maintaining the physiological homeostasis of plants; at the molecular mechanism level, the static magnetic field can precisely regulate the expression of drought-related genes: it can downregulate aquaporins. TaNIP, TaTIP Family gene expression, upregulated TaNCED1, TaLEA5, TaNAC2 Drought-responsive gene expression can synergistically enhance wheat's drought tolerance through both water regulation and stress response.

[0018] (2) The present invention is simple to operate, green and pollution-free, low cost, does not require expensive exogenous chemical substances and complex gene manipulation, low energy consumption and low investment. Compared with gene modification, chemical regulation and microbial agents, the overall application cost is lower and it is easy to promote.

[0019] (3) The present invention uses permanent magnets, which can be reused, do not rely on precision equipment, have a wide range of applications, and can provide reliable technical support for drought-resistant cultivation of crops and stable grain production in arid and semi-arid regions.

[0020] This invention significantly downregulates the expression of wheat aquaporin genes from the TaNIP and TaTIP families using a static magnetic field, and upregulates... TaNCED1, TaLEA5, TaNAC2 The expression of drought-responsive genes inhibits water loss from wheat cells, while activating the antioxidant system in wheat, protecting the integrity of cell membrane structure, maintaining photosynthetic capacity, and synergistically enhancing the water retention capacity and drought resistance of wheat under drought stress. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 The effects of static magnetic field treatment on wheat growth and water status under drought stress were investigated. The results included: (A) Phenotypic photographs of plants in each treatment group; (B) Aboveground fresh weight; (C) Root fresh weight; (D) Total chlorophyll content; (E) Relative leaf water content; (F) Leaf water loss rate; and (G) Drought-responsive genes. TaNCED1 , TaLEA5 , TaNAC2 The relative expression level; Figure 2 Effects of static magnetic field treatment on the antioxidant defense system of wheat under drought stress; (A) APX activity; (B) CAT activity; (C) GSH content; (D) soluble protein content; (E) MDA content; (F) electrolyte leakage rate; (G) NBT staining photograph; (H) O2 - Generation rate; Figure 3 (A) Effect of static magnetic field treatment on aquaporin gene expression; (B) RNA seq display TaNIP and TaTIP Family gene differential expression heatmap; (B) is qRT PCR validation TaNIP Relative gene expression levels; (C) represents qRT. PCR validation TaTIP Relative expression levels of family genes. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0024] Example 1 1. Experimental materials and equipment (1) Test materials: wheat variety AK58, selected seeds with full grains, uniform size, free from disease, pests and damage (thousand-grain weight 38.5±0.6g). (2) Reagents and culture media: Hoagland complete nutrient solution (standard formula), mannitol (analytical grade, ≥99.0%), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) kit, catalase (CAT) kit, glutathione (GSH) kit, malondialdehyde (MDA) kit, all purchased from Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd.; 95% ethanol, Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250, bovine serum albumin (BSA), nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), hydroxylamine hydrochloride, p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, α-naphthylamine, etc., all analytical grade; N35 type neodymium iron boron permanent magnet (size matched to the bottom of the culture container, magnetic field uniformity >85%). Instruments and equipment: N35 neodymium iron boron permanent magnet (size 6cm×6cm×1cm, surface magnetic field strength 55mT), gaussmeter (accuracy 0.01mT), artificial climate chamber (temperature control accuracy ±0.5℃), high-speed refrigerated centrifuge, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument, chlorophyll meter, electronic balance (accuracy 0.001g), leaf area meter, constant temperature incubator.

[0025] 2. Test methods S1. Wheat seedling cultivation: (1) Seed disinfection: Using wheat variety AK58 as the test material, select plump, undamaged, and disease-free wheat seeds and soak them in 5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 12 minutes, stirring once every 3 minutes during the soaking period. Then rinse them 6 times with sterile distilled water and drain the surface water. (2) Germination: Spread the sterilized seeds evenly in a petri dish (15cm in diameter) lined with moist sterile filter paper, 60 seeds per dish, and place them in a constant temperature incubator. Germinate them in the dark at 25℃ for 2 days. Add a small amount of sterile water daily to keep the filter paper moist (to avoid seed hypoxia). (3) Seedling acclimatization culture: After the seeds germinate, select seedlings with uniform height (radicle length 2.5~3cm, bud length 1~1.5cm), well-developed leaves, and vigorous growth, and transplant them into plastic culture containers (volume 1.5L) containing 1000mL of Hoglund complete nutrient solution. Then, place the culture containers in an artificial climate chamber for cultivation. The cultivation conditions are: constant temperature 16℃, photoperiod 16h light / 8h darkness, light intensity 100 μmol m -2 ·s -1 The relative humidity is 65%±5%, and the nutrient solution is changed every 2 days. The seedlings are acclimatized and cultured for 7 days to ensure that they adapt to the culture environment and achieve uniform growth.

[0026] S2. Pretreatment with a constant static magnetic field: The treatment group and the control group were set up, and the specific process is as follows: (1) Treatment group: N35 neodymium iron boron permanent magnets were fixed to the center of the outer bottom of the wheat seedling culture container using detachable strong double-sided tape. The magnets were arranged with the N pole facing upwards and the S pole facing downwards, ensuring that the magnets were in close contact with the bottom of the container (without gaps). The magnetic field strength in the seedling root area (2-6 cm from the bottom of the container) was precisely calibrated at multiple points using a gaussmeter, and the position of the magnets was adjusted to ensure that the magnetic field strength in this area was stable at 16 mT. This static magnetic field treatment started after the seedlings were transplanted and continued throughout the acclimatization and drought stress process until the end of the experiment.

[0027] (2) Control group: A non-magnetic plastic plate with the same thickness (1cm) and area (6cm×6cm) as the permanent magnet was placed at the bottom of the wheat seedling culture container. The other culture conditions (temperature, light, nutrient solution replacement frequency, humidity, etc.) were completely consistent with the treatment group to eliminate interference from non-magnetic factors.

[0028] S3, Drought Stress Treatment: After 7 days of static magnetic field treatment, drought stress simulation was initiated. The experiment was divided into 4 groups, with 3 replicates per group (1 culture container per replicate, 8 seedlings per replicate): (1) Treatment group + drought stress group (T1): The static magnetic field was maintained continuously, and the Hoglund complete nutrient solution in the culture container was replaced with Hoglund nutrient solution containing 300mM mannitol (osmotic potential was ). 0.85 MPa (simulating moderate drought), the stress lasted for 12 days, ensuring the synergistic effect of magnetic field regulation and drought stress; (2) Control group + drought stress group (CK1): Same as T1 treatment, but replaced with Hoglund nutrient solution containing 300mM mannitol, and the stress lasted for 12 days. (3) Treatment group + normal water supply group (T2): The static magnetic field was maintained, fresh Hoglund complete nutrient solution was continuously replaced, normal water supply was maintained, and no drought stress was applied. The culture was carried out for 12 days. (4) Control group + normal water supply group (CK2): Same as T2 treatment, maintain normal water supply, culture for 12 days.

[0029] During the stress period, the water lost through evaporation was replenished daily by weighing (keeping the nutrient solution volume stable at 1000 mL), without changing the nutrient solution, and the culture conditions were kept consistent throughout the process.

[0030] The artificial climate chamber parameters were controlled throughout the process: temperature 16℃, photoperiod 16h, light / dark cycle (8h light / 8h darkness), and light intensity 100μmol. m -2 ·s -1 The ambient humidity should be 65%±5% to avoid interference from external environmental fluctuations on the test results.

[0031] 3. Drought Resistance Identification Indicators and Testing Methods Twelve days after drought stress, wheat leaves and whole plants were collected from each group for the following tests: (1) Phenotypic and growth indicators: The plants were photographed and recorded using a digital camera, and the fresh weight of the aboveground parts and roots was measured to an accuracy of 0.001g. (2) Chlorophyll content: Wheat leaves were chopped and placed in centrifuge tubes containing 95% ethanol. Extraction was carried out in the dark until the leaves turned completely white. 95% ethanol was used as a blank control. The extract was placed in a chlorophyll meter, and the absorbance was measured at wavelengths of 649 nm and 665 nm. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content (the sum of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents) were calculated. Total chlorophyll (mg / g) = (20.21 × A) 649 + 8.02×A 665 )×V / (1000×W), where V is the volume of the extract (mL) and W is the fresh weight of the sample (g).

[0032] (3) Determination of relative moisture content of leaves: Weigh the fresh weight (FW) of the leaves, immerse them in deionized water for 24 hours, remove them, absorb the surface moisture, and weigh the saturated fresh weight (TW); then fix the leaves in an oven at 105℃ for 30 minutes, dry them at 80℃ to constant weight, and weigh the dry weight (DW). Calculate the relative moisture content (RWC) of leaves: Relative moisture content of leaves (%) = (FW - DW) / (TW - DW) × 100%.

[0033] (4) Leaf water loss rate determination: Select leaves from the same position, weigh the initial weight (W0), then place the leaves on filter paper and weigh them every 30 min or 60 min at room temperature (25℃, 50% humidity) (W0).t ), calculate leaf water loss rate: Leaf water loss rate (%) = (W0 - W t ) / W0×100%.

[0034] (5) Determination of antioxidant system indicators: Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity: The oxidation rate of ascorbic acid (AsA) at 290 nm was measured according to the kit instructions. One unit of enzyme activity (U) was defined as a change in absorbance of 0.01 per minute. Catalase (CAT) activity: The decomposition rate of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at 240 nm was measured according to the kit instructions. One unit of enzyme activity (U) was defined as a change in absorbance of 0.01 per minute. Glutathione (GSH) content: Follow the instructions in the kit, measure the absorbance at 412 nm using a visible spectrophotometer, and calculate the GSH content (mg / g) based on the standard curve. Soluble protein content: based on Coomassie Brilliant Blue G. The 250 method involved grinding 0.1 g of leaves to extract protein, reacting it with a chromogenic agent, and measuring the absorbance at 595 nm. The content (mg / g) was calculated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a standard curve.

[0035] (6) Measurement of membrane damage and reactive oxygen species: Malondialdehyde (MDA) content: determined according to the kit instructions.

[0036] Electrolyte leakage rate: Immerse the leaf in deionized water for 2 hours, measure the initial conductivity (E1), then boil for 30 minutes, cool and measure the final conductivity (E2), and calculate the electrolyte leakage rate using the following formula: Electrolyte leakage rate (%) = E1 / E2 × 100%.

[0037] The determination of superoxide anion (O2) was performed using the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) staining method. - Accumulation: The leaves were immersed in NBT staining solution and incubated in the dark for 4 hours. After the appearance of a deep blue precipitate, the leaves were treated with decolorizing solution at 80℃ for 30 minutes to remove the background pigments and then photographed for record.

[0038] The determination of superoxide anion (O2) by hydroxylamine oxidation method - Production rate: After leaf homogenization, it reacts with hydroxylamine hydrochloride, then with p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid and α-aminobenzenesulfonic acid. Naphthylamine was used for color development, and the absorbance at 530 nm was measured, based on NO2. - Standard curve calculation.

[0039] (7) Gene expression level measurement Detection of drought response genes ( TaNCED1, TaLEA5, TaNAC2) and aquaporin gene ( TaNIP , TaTIP The expression levels of the family were evaluated to assess the effect of static magnetic field treatment on improving the drought resistance of wheat.

[0040] The expression level of the target gene was determined using real-time quantitative PCR. The specific steps are as follows: (a) RNA extraction: 0.1 g of leaves were ground in liquid nitrogen and total RNA was extracted using TRIeasy® Total RNA Extraction Reagent. RNA integrity was verified by agarose gel electrophoresis. (b) cDNA synthesis: Take 1 μg of total RNA and reverse transcribe it using NCMScript All-in-One RT premix with dsDNase to synthesize first-strand cDNA; (c) qRT-PCR: TaActin was used as an internal reference gene and amplified on a LightCycler® 480 System using the SYBR Green Premix Pro Taq HS qPCRTracking Kit.

[0041] Data calculation: using 2 -ΔΔCt The relative expression level of the target gene was calculated using a method with three biological replicates for each sample.

[0042] 4. Experimental Results and Analysis (1) Phenotypic and growth index results are shown in Figure 1 See Table 1.

[0043] Table 1. Phenotypic and Growth Indicator Results

[0044] From Table 1 and Figure 1 The results showed that, compared with the CK1 group, the plant height, aboveground fresh weight, and root fresh weight of the T1 group were significantly increased by 17.3%, 16.7%, and 21.4%, respectively (P<0.01). This result indicates that static magnetic field treatment throughout the process can alleviate the inhibition of drought stress on wheat growth.

[0045] (2) Results of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content are shown in [the table below]. Figure 1 And Table 2.

[0046] Table 2. Results of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content

[0047] Depend on Figure 1As shown in Table 2, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll in wheat leaves of group T1 were significantly increased by 26.7%, 18.2%, and 24.4% respectively compared with those of group CK1 (P<0.01). This result indicates that static magnetic field treatment can effectively protect wheat photosynthetic pigments, maintain high photosynthetic capacity, and reduce the damage of drought stress to the photosynthetic system.

[0048] (3) Results of relative leaf water content and leaf water loss rate are shown in Figure 1 And Table 3.

[0049] Table 3. Results of relative leaf water content and leaf water loss rate

[0050] Depend on Figure 1 As shown in Table 3, the relative water content (RWC) of leaves in group T1 was 67.95%, significantly higher than that in group CK1 (52.46%) (P<0.01), indicating a significant increase in relative water content in group T1. The leaf water loss rate was 35.18%, significantly lower than that in group CK1 (42.72%) (P<0.01), indicating a significant decrease in water loss rate in group T1. These results demonstrate that static magnetic field treatment can significantly improve the water retention capacity of wheat and reduce the rate of water loss.

[0051] (4) Antioxidant system indicators: APX activity, CAT activity, GSH content, soluble protein content, and membrane damage indicators: MDA content, electrolyte leakage rate, NBT staining images, and O2. - See the generation rate results Figure 2 And Table 4.

[0052] Table 4. Results of Antioxidant System and Membrane Damage Indicators

[0053] Depend on Figure 2 As shown in Table 4, compared to the CK1 group, the T1 group exhibited significantly higher APX activity (89.5%), CAT activity (21.8%), GSH content (43.1%), and soluble protein content (20.1%); however, MDA content decreased by 15.4%, electrolyte permeability decreased by 25.6%, and O2 content decreased further. - Accumulation was significantly reduced. This result indicates that static magnetic field treatment can activate the wheat's antioxidant system, enhance antioxidant capacity, reduce oxidative stress damage, and protect the integrity of cell membrane structure.

[0054] (5) Drought response genes ( TaNCED1, TaLEA5, TaNAC2 ) and aquaporin gene ( TaNIP , TaTIP The expression levels of the family (family) were measured as follows: Figure 1 , 3See Table 5.

[0055] Table 5. TaNCED1, TaLEA5, TaNAC2, TaNIP , TaTIP Gene expression results

[0056] Depend on Figure 1 , Figure 3 As shown in Table 5, the aquaporins in group T1... TaNIP and TaTIP The relative expression of family genes was significantly downregulated, decreasing to 0.1–0.9 times that of the CK1 group. This result indicates that static magnetic field treatment can inhibit the expression of aquaporins at the molecular level. In contrast, drought-responsive genes in wheat leaves of the T1 group were significantly lower than those in the CK1 group. TaNCED1 , TaLEA5 and TaNAC2 The relative expression levels of the genes were significantly upregulated (increased by 1.3 to 2.0 times), indicating that static magnetic fields can synergistically enhance wheat drought resistance by regulating the expression of drought-responsive genes.

[0057] In summary, this invention, by employing a constant static magnetic field (16mT in this example) (N35 neodymium iron boron permanent magnet, N pole upward, S pole downward) continuously applied from wheat seedling transplantation (throughout the entire process of acclimatization and drought stress), can significantly improve wheat drought resistance through the following mechanisms: ① Downregulation TaNIP and TaTIP ① Increased expression of family aquaporin genes, reducing leaf water loss rate and increasing relative leaf water content; ② Activated the antioxidant system, increasing ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) activities, reducing MDA content, and protecting cell membrane integrity; ③ Protected photosynthetic pigment content, maintaining high photosynthetic capacity; ④ Upregulated... TaNCED1, TaLEA5, TaNAC2 Drought-responsive gene expression synergistically enhances stress resistance.

[0058] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving wheat drought stress resistance based on static magnetic field treatment, characterized in that, The steps include the following: S1. Wheat seedling cultivation: Select plump wheat seeds, disinfect them, and germinate them in the dark at a constant temperature. Select strong seedlings with uniform growth and transplant them into wheat seedling culture containers filled with Hoglund complete nutrient solution for acclimatization and cultivation. S2. Constant static magnetic field pretreatment: Neodymium iron boron permanent magnets are placed on the outside of the bottom of the wheat seedling culture container. The magnetic field parameters are calibrated by a gaussmeter, and the stable magnetic field strength in the area where the wheat seedling roots are located is controlled to be 10-20mT for static magnetic field pretreatment. S3. Drought stress treatment: After wheat seedlings were pretreated with a static magnetic field for 5-7 days, drought stress treatment was applied. The Hoglund complete nutrient solution in the culture container was replaced with a stress culture medium containing 300 mM osmotic regulator. Drought stress culture was carried out continuously, and the static magnetic field treatment was maintained throughout the drought stress period. Through the synergistic regulation of the static magnetic field, the expression of wheat physiological indicators, drought response genes, and aquaporin genes was improved, ultimately enhancing the drought resistance of wheat.

2. The method for improving wheat drought stress resistance based on static magnetic field treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the conditions for constant temperature dark germination are: temperature of 25℃, germination under dark conditions for 2-3 days.

3. The method for improving wheat drought stress resistance based on static magnetic field treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the acclimatization and cultivation conditions are as follows: day and night cultivation temperature is 16℃, light cycle is 16 h / dark, Hoglund complete nutrient solution is changed every 2 to 3 days, and constant temperature and light acclimatization and cultivation is carried out for 7 days.

4. The method for improving wheat drought stress resistance based on static magnetic field treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet is an N35 type neodymium iron boron permanent magnet, and the magnet is arranged with the N pole facing upward and the S pole facing downward.

5. The method for improving wheat drought stress resistance based on static magnetic field treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the drought stress treatment is performed by replacing the Hoglund complete nutrient solution in the culture container with a stress culture medium containing 300 mM osmotic regulator.

6. The method for improving wheat drought stress resistance based on static magnetic field treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stress culture was conducted at a temperature of 16°C throughout, with a photocycle of 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness, and the stress culture time was 10-12 days.

7. The method for improving wheat drought stress resistance based on static magnetic field treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drought response genes include TaNCED1, TaLEA5, and TaNAC2, and the aquaporin genes include the TaNIP gene and the TaTIP gene.

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