A high-temperature period daily irrigation and night non-irrigation method for promoting low axillary bud germination of rices

Abstract

The application discloses a high-temperature period day irrigation and night drainage method for promoting low axillary bud germination of ratoon rice, and comprises the following steps: first step, preparation before cultivation; second step, field monitoring and judgment; third step, core irrigation and drainage cultivation operation; fourth step, dynamic adjustment of cultivation parameters; and fifth step, field cultivation maintenance. The application is simple in operation, low in cost, does not need complex equipment investment, is suitable for ratoon rice planting environment and traditional cultivation management habits in the south, can realize large-scale popularization and application, can effectively relieve high-temperature stress in the low axillary bud germination period after the ratoon rice head season is harvested, guarantees normal germination of the low axillary bud and strong bud body, lays a good foundation for ratoon rice ratoon season seedling growth, simultaneously reduces artificial labor intensity, saves water resources, meets the cultivation demand of efficient production of ratoon rice, takes into account practicability and operability, and is convenient for farmers to widely use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of low-position axillary bud germination technology in ratooning rice, and particularly to a day-drainage and night-irrigation method for promoting the germination of low-position axillary buds in ratooning rice during high-temperature periods. Background Technology

[0002] Ratoon rice is an important and efficient planting model in the main rice-producing areas of southern my country. Its yield in the ratoon season mainly depends on the germination and vigorous growth of axillary buds (especially low-lying axillary buds) after the first harvest. The first two weeks after the first harvest are the critical period for the germination of low-lying axillary buds, but this period often coincides with periods of high temperatures. High temperatures and heat damage have become a key factor restricting the germination rate of low-lying axillary buds in ratoon rice and affecting the yield increase in the ratoon season. High temperatures disrupt the normal physiological metabolism of ratoon rice stubble, leading to obstructed nutrient transport at the base of the stubble, decreased activity of low-lying axillary buds, resulting in slow germination, reduced germination rate, weak buds, and even axillary bud withering. This not only affects the quality of ratoon rice seedlings but also creates hidden dangers for subsequent axillary bud growth, heading, and grain filling, ultimately leading to reduced yield and poorer quality in the ratoon season.

[0003] Currently, the main control measures for high temperature heat damage during the low-position axillary bud germination period after the first harvest of ratooning rice include selecting varieties with strong regeneration and spraying axillary bud germination regulators. However, the breeding cycle for varieties with strong regeneration is long and their adaptability is limited. The effects of axillary bud germination regulators are unstable and they are prone to pesticide residues, making it difficult to promote and apply them on a large scale.

[0004] Traditional irrigation methods often employ continuous deep-water irrigation or random irrigation. While these methods can alleviate high temperatures to some extent, they also suffer from serious water waste and poor temperature regulation. In particular, it is important to note that if irrigation is carried out during the hottest part of the day after the first harvest of ratooning rice, it can easily cause the axillary buds to be scalded and die, further reducing the germination rate. At the same time, the deep water layer absorbs a large amount of heat during the day, causing the temperature at the base of the rice stubble to rise. At night, it is difficult to effectively retain water and stabilize the temperature, making it difficult to fundamentally improve the field microclimate under high-temperature stress and meet the suitable growth requirements for the germination of low-level axillary buds in ratooning rice.

[0005] The existing irrigation technique for controlling high temperatures during the low-level axillary bud germination period after the first harvest of ratooning rice, which involves "draining at night and irrigating during the day," has many obvious drawbacks. It is difficult to effectively solve the problem of high-temperature stress, and it cannot guarantee the normal germination of low-level axillary buds. Irrigating during the high-temperature period of the daytime can easily cause the low-level axillary buds to be scalded and killed, resulting in a significant reduction in the germination rate. At the same time, it can also lead to rapid water evaporation, causing serious waste of water resources. Moreover, the heat absorption and cooling effect of the water is short-lived and cannot continuously alleviate the inhibition of rice stubble and low-level axillary buds by the continuous high temperature during the day. After draining at night, soil heat is easily lost quickly, which cannot prepare for the high temperature of the next day and cannot achieve long-term cooling. This is not conducive to nutrient transport in rice stubble and maintenance of the activity of low-level axillary buds. Meanwhile, this technology failed to consider the growth needs of low-level axillary bud germination after the first harvest of ratooning rice, did not optimize the timing of irrigation and drainage, and only adjusted the daytime irrigation amount based on the temperature intensity, ignoring key factors such as soil moisture, rice stubble growth and the germination status of low-level axillary buds. As a result, the control effect was poor and could not fundamentally alleviate the impact of high temperature on the physiological metabolism, nutrient transport and germination of low-level axillary buds of rice stubble. It failed to solve the core pain point of high temperature control during the germination period of low-level axillary buds after the first harvest of ratooning rice.

[0006] Therefore, to address the problems of existing technologies that cause seedlings to be boiled and killed by scalding during the high-temperature period of daytime irrigation, resulting in a significant decrease in germination rate, rapid water evaporation, serious water waste, and short-lived cooling effect, we need to develop a water-saving, efficient, easy-to-operate, and highly adaptable cultivation method that can precisely alleviate the high-temperature heat damage during the germination period of low-position axillary buds after the first harvest of ratooning rice and avoid seedling boiling. This method, which combines daytime drainage and nighttime irrigation, is of great practical significance and application value for ensuring the safety of ratooning rice production during the ratooning season and increasing the total yield of ratooning rice. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of this, the present invention provides a day-drainage and night-irrigation method for promoting the germination of low-position axillary buds in ratooning rice during high-temperature periods. By optimizing the irrigation and drainage pattern, precise temperature regulation and water conservation are achieved, effectively alleviating the inhibition of high temperature on the physiological metabolism, nutrient transport, and germination of low-position axillary buds in ratooning rice stubble, avoiding the occurrence of seedling boil-out, ensuring normal germination and robust buds of low-position axillary buds, laying a good foundation for the growth of ratooning rice seedlings in the ratooning season, thereby improving the yield and quality of ratooning rice in the ratooning season, meeting the needs of high-efficiency ratooning rice production, while reducing labor intensity, adapting to the planting environment of ratooning rice in the south, and realizing large-scale promotion and application.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] A method for promoting the germination of low-position axillary buds in ratooning rice during high-temperature periods through day-drainage and night-irrigation includes the following steps:

[0010] Step 1: Pre-cultivation preparation

[0011] Immediately after the first harvest of ratooning rice, the critical period for the germination of low-level axillary buds begins. Pre-treatment of the field is carried out, including clearing field drainage ditches and repairing irrigation channels.

[0012] At the same time, the high temperature threshold was determined by monitoring, the appropriate water level standard for the germination period of low-level axillary buds was clarified, and the duration of basic irrigation and drainage was determined in combination with the soil fertility and rice stubble growth in the field.

[0013] Step 2: Field monitoring and assessment

[0014] Observe the field temperature, soil moisture, rice stubble growth, and low-level axillary bud germination status at regular intervals every day. Manually monitor the field temperature once at 9 am and once at 3 pm every day, and check the soil moisture once every morning. Observe the germination status and bud growth of low-level axillary buds at the base of the rice stubble to determine whether the high temperature stress conditions have been met and the water requirements of the rice stubble and axillary buds.

[0015] Step 3: Core Irrigation and Drainage Cultivation Operations

[0016] When the daytime temperature is monitored to be ≥35℃, and it is determined to be a high temperature stress state, the nighttime irrigation cultivation operation is started. The irrigation time is set from 22:00 on the same night to 6:00 the next morning. The irrigation channel valves are opened to irrigate the field, and the water level is observed. When the water level reaches the preset 5-8cm, the irrigation valves are closed and irrigation is stopped.

[0017] The following morning from 8:00 to 10:00, open the drainage channel valves to drain the water from the fields. Manually observe the water level, and close the drainage valves when the water level drops to the preset 1-2cm.

[0018] Step 4: Dynamic adjustment of cultivation parameters

[0019] Based on the growth requirements of low-level axillary bud germination after the first harvest of ratooning rice, observe soil moisture, rice stubble growth and low-level axillary bud germination status, and dynamically optimize irrigation and drainage parameters; if the soil moisture is lower than the suitable moisture for low-level axillary bud germination, increase the nighttime irrigation amount, raise the irrigation water level to 6-8cm, and extend the irrigation time by 30 minutes.

[0020] If the daytime temperature remains above 35°C, start nighttime irrigation one hour earlier and stop daytime drainage one hour later.

[0021] If a low germination rate of low-position axillary buds and weak buds are observed, the water level after drainage should be adjusted to 1.5-2cm based on soil moisture conditions to ensure nutrient transfer in the rice stubble and growth of axillary buds, further promoting the germination of low-position axillary buds and cultivating robust buds.

[0022] Step 5: Field Cultivation and Maintenance

[0023] After the daily irrigation and drainage operations are completed, clean the irrigation and drainage channels;

[0024] Every week, conduct a comprehensive inspection of the soil conditions, rice stubble growth, and low-level axillary bud germination in the field, and adjust the timing and water level of irrigation and drainage in a timely manner. For weeds and minor diseases that appear in the field, carry out prevention and control in conjunction with irrigation and drainage operations.

[0025] Regularly record irrigation and drainage times, water levels, axillary bud germination, and rice stubble growth.

[0026] Preferably, in the first step, the high temperature threshold is 35°C.

[0027] Preferably, in the first step, the appropriate water level standard for the low-position axillary bud germination period is: 5-8cm for nighttime irrigation and 1-2cm for daytime drainage.

[0028] Preferably, in the second step, the soil moisture content of the 0-20cm soil layer is detected.

[0029] Preferably, in the fourth step, the suitable humidity for the germination of low-position axillary buds is 20%-25%.

[0030] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art:

[0031] In the 15 days before the regeneration season, a new water management model of "irrigating at night and draining during the day" was promoted. A cultivation experiment was carried out with traditional day and night irrigation as a control, and the growth process, yield composition and light and temperature utilization characteristics were systematically analyzed.

[0032] Draining the field during the day can effectively avoid high temperature stress and reduce the damage of high temperature to seedlings. Irrigating at night keeps the soil moist and cools it down, protecting the rice stubble and low-position axillary buds, significantly promoting the early and rapid growth of low-position axillary buds, optimizing the population structure, and making the plants grow uniformly and evenly.

[0033] Compared with conventional irrigation methods, this method effectively solved problems such as slow axillary bud germination, unreasonable growth process, and uneven growth of the population during the regeneration season. Growth period data showed that under this model, the number of days before flowering, the number of days after flowering, and the total growth period during the regeneration season were extended by 7 days, 4 days, and 11 days respectively compared with the control, demonstrating a significant effect in regulating the growth structure.

[0034] Meanwhile, the survival rate of low-position axillary buds increased by 25.59%, and the regenerative capacity of rice plants increased by 14.17%. Yield measurement results at maturity showed that the number of effective panicles increased significantly by 13.75% compared with the control, the number of grains per panicle increased by 7.36%, and the measured yield increased by 12.70%, demonstrating outstanding effects in stabilizing and increasing yield.

[0035] Meanwhile, this model can significantly optimize the utilization efficiency of light and temperature resources during the regeneration season, and improve the accumulation levels of accumulated temperature and radiation. Specifically, the effective accumulated temperature before flowering and the total effective accumulated temperature increased by 113.6 ℃ and 73.3 ℃ respectively compared with the control, and the utilization efficiency of effective accumulated temperature increased by 6.46%; the radiation before flowering, the radiation after flowering, and the total radiation increased by 68.38 MJ / mm² respectively. -2 24.70 MJ mm -2 and 93.08 MJ mm -2 Radiation utilization efficiency increased by 3.63%, laying a good physiological foundation for robust plant growth and full grains;

[0036] This manual cultivation method is simple to operate and low in cost. It does not require intelligent equipment and is suitable for the planting environment and traditional cultivation habits of ratooning rice in the south. It can effectively cope with the high temperature damage in the early stage of the ratooning season, improve axillary bud germination, optimize the growth process, and improve the efficiency of light and temperature utilization. It effectively solves the core pain points of ratooning rice under high temperature conditions, such as poor germination, weak growth, and unstable yield. It provides practical and feasible technical support for stable and high yield of ratooning rice in high temperature areas by mechanical transplanting of mat seedlings. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the cultivation and management technology solution of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the irrigation and drainage operation of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] This invention discloses a method for promoting the germination of low-position axillary buds in ratooning rice during high-temperature periods through day-drainage and night-irrigation, comprising the following steps:

[0041] The first step is pre-cultivation preparation. Immediately after the first harvest of ratooning rice, the critical period for the germination of low-level axillary buds begins (within half a month). Pre-treatment of the field is carried out, including manually clearing drainage ditches and repairing irrigation channels to ensure smooth irrigation and drainage. At the same time, the high temperature threshold (35℃) is determined through manual monitoring, and the appropriate water level standard for the germination period of low-level axillary buds is determined, namely the nighttime irrigation water level (5-8cm) and the daytime drainage water level (1-2cm). Based on the soil fertility and rice stubble growth, the basic irrigation and drainage duration is determined manually to lay the foundation for subsequent cultivation management.

[0042] The second step, field monitoring and assessment, employs a purely manual monitoring method. Daily observations are made of field temperature, soil moisture, rice stubble growth, and the germination status of low-lying axillary buds. Field temperature is manually monitored twice daily, at 9:00 AM and 3:00 PM, and soil moisture (0-20cm soil layer) is manually measured every morning. The germination and growth of low-lying axillary buds at the base of the rice stubble are observed. The system manually assesses whether high-temperature stress conditions have been met and the water requirements of the rice stubble and axillary buds. This method does not rely on any sensors or other intelligent equipment; it relies entirely on manual experience combined with simple and intuitive monitoring methods to accurately control irrigation and drainage timing. It aligns with traditional cultivation and management practices, lowers the operational threshold, and makes it easy for farmers to learn and implement.

[0043] The third step, the core irrigation and drainage cultivation operation, is the core of the cultivation management technology of this invention. It is entirely achieved through manual operation and does not involve any intelligent modules: When the daytime temperature is monitored to be ≥35℃, indicating a high-temperature stress state, the nighttime irrigation cultivation operation is initiated. The irrigation time is set from 22:00 on the same night to 6:00 the next morning. The irrigation channel valves are manually opened to irrigate the field, and the water level is manually observed. When the water level reaches the preset 5-8cm, the irrigation valves are manually closed to stop irrigation, avoiding the decline in axillary bud activity due to water shortage at night. From 8:00 to 10:00 the next morning, the drainage channel valves are manually opened to drain the water from the field, and the water level is manually observed. When the water level drops to the preset 1-2cm, the drainage valves are manually closed, completing one irrigation and drainage cultivation cycle. This effectively achieves the core cultivation management goal of "irrigating at night and draining during the day," effectively avoiding the phenomenon of low-level axillary buds being boiled during high-temperature irrigation during the day. The operation process is simple and easy to understand, and is suitable for farmers' daily cultivation operation habits.

[0044] The fourth step involves dynamically adjusting cultivation parameters. Based on the growth needs of low-level axillary bud germination after the first harvest of ratooning rice, irrigation and drainage parameters are dynamically optimized through direct observation of soil moisture, rice stubble growth, and low-level axillary bud germination status, without relying on any intelligent control equipment. If soil moisture is lower than the suitable moisture level for low-level axillary bud germination (20%-25%), the nighttime irrigation volume is appropriately increased, raising the water level to 6-8cm and extending the irrigation time by 30 minutes to ensure water supply to the rice stubble and axillary buds. If the daytime temperature remains above 35℃, nighttime irrigation is started 1 hour earlier and daytime drainage is stopped 1 hour later to ensure cooling and prevent high-temperature scorching of low-level axillary buds. If a low germination rate and weak buds are observed, the post-drainage water level is appropriately adjusted to 1.5-2cm based on soil moisture conditions to ensure nutrient transport in the rice stubble and axillary bud growth, further promoting low-level axillary bud germination and cultivating robust buds.

[0045] The fifth step is field cultivation and maintenance. After the daily irrigation and drainage operations are completed, the irrigation and drainage channels are manually cleaned to prevent blockages and ensure smooth subsequent irrigation and drainage. Every week, the soil condition, rice stubble growth, and low-level axillary bud germination are checked manually, and the timing and water level of irrigation and drainage are adjusted in a timely manner. For weeds and minor diseases that appear in the field, manual control is carried out simultaneously with irrigation and drainage operations to avoid affecting the germination of low-level axillary buds. The irrigation and drainage time, water level, axillary bud germination, and rice stubble growth are recorded manually on a regular basis to provide a basis for optimizing subsequent cultivation management. In addition, in case of extreme weather (such as heavy rain or continuous high temperature), the irrigation and drainage time and water level can be flexibly adjusted manually without complicated operations, ensuring the flexibility and adaptability of cultivation management, meeting the actual needs of large-scale cultivation, and allowing farmers to respond flexibly according to the actual field conditions.

[0046] like Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the cultivation management technology solution of the present invention. The core of this technology solution is an irrigation and drainage cultivation management mode for high temperature control during the low-position axillary bud germination period after the first harvest of ratooning rice. It does not require any complex intelligent equipment and is entirely achieved through manual operation combined with basic field monitoring. It realizes precise cultivation management of "irrigation at night and drainage during the day". The overall process includes four core links: preliminary preparation, irrigation and drainage operation, parameter adjustment, and field maintenance. Each link is closely connected and adapted to the cultivation characteristics of low-position axillary bud germination half a month after the first harvest of ratooning rice. It takes into account both the cooling effect and the needs of low-position axillary bud germination. The whole process revolves around the core of cultivation management and can be applied on a large scale through manual operation, which is in line with the traditional cultivation management mode.

[0047] like Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the irrigation and drainage operation of the cultivation management technology solution of the present invention. The entire technical solution is implemented around the cultivation management of low axillary bud germination period after the first harvest of ratooning rice. The core is the irrigation and drainage operation performed manually. The specific cultivation management steps are as follows. It is completed entirely by manual monitoring and operation, without relying on any intelligent control equipment. At the same time, it can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual field conditions to adapt to the cultivation needs of different planting scales.

[0048] Example 1:

[0049] Using Yongyou 4901 as the material, a trial of mechanized transplanting of ratooned rice seedlings was conducted. A new irrigation management model of "irrigating at night and draining during the day" was promoted 15 days before the ratooning season. A control group using traditional day-night irrigation was set up in the field, and the growth period during the ratooning season was statistically analyzed.

[0050] Table 1: Comparison of regeneration season growth period under different irrigation treatments

[0051]

[0052] The results showed that, compared with conventional irrigation, the day-drainage-night-irrigation pattern effectively promoted the germination and growth of low-level axillary buds in ratooning rice, significantly optimizing the growth process during the ratooning season. Growth period data showed that under this pattern, the number of days before flowering, the number of days after flowering, and the total growth period were extended by 7 days, 4 days, and 11 days respectively compared to the control, demonstrating a significant effect in regulating the growth structure and providing important technical support for the robust germination of axillary buds and stable, high yields in ratooning rice.

[0053] Example 2:

[0054] A ratooning rice mat seedling machine transplanting experiment was conducted using Yongyou 4901 as the experimental material. The experiment included two treatment groups: a new day-drainage-night irrigation system and a traditional day-night irrigation system. Water management was implemented 15 days before the seedling emergence period in the ratooning season. All experiments used the standard 25cm stubble retention mechanical harvesting method. Each treatment had three replicate plots (25 m²). 2 During the measurement, nine consecutive rice plants with uniform growth were randomly selected from each plot. The number of surviving tillers from the first node of the ratooning season and the total number of tillers were investigated and counted in the field. The actual survival rate of the low-position axillary buds was calculated according to the formula: survival rate (%) = number of surviving tillers from the low-position axillary buds × 100 / total number of tillers. The effects of different water management methods on the survival status of low-position axillary buds in ratooning rice were compared and analyzed.

[0055] The results showed that, compared with conventional irrigation, the day-drainage and night-irrigation mode can significantly improve the survival rate of low-position axillary buds in ratooning rice and ensure the quality of axillary bud seedlings.

[0056] Survival data show that the survival rate of low-position axillary buds under this model reached 66.67%, which is significantly higher than the 40.74% of conventional irrigation. The axillary bud survival guarantee effect is outstanding, laying a solid foundation for sufficient panicle production and stable and high yield of ratooning rice.

[0057] Example 3:

[0058] A ratooning rice mollusks transplanting experiment was conducted using Yongyou 4901 as the experimental material. Water management was implemented 15 days before germination in the ratooning season using a novel day-drainage irrigation and drainage system, with traditional day-night irrigation as a control. Harvesting with a 25cm stubble height was uniformly adopted across the entire field. Each treatment had three replicate plots (25 m²). 2 During the ripening period of the regeneration season, yield and yield composition related indicators were measured. Ten consecutive rice plants with the same growth were selected from each plot. The number of effective panicles, number of grains per panicle, thousand-grain weight and seed setting rate were investigated and counted. At the same time, field yield was measured in each plot and converted to 14.5% standard moisture content to obtain the actual yield. The relevant measurement results are shown in Table 2.

[0059] Table 2 shows a comparison of the yield and yield components under different irrigation treatments during the regeneration season.

[0060] Table 2: Comparison of Regeneration Season Yield and Yield Components under Different Irrigation Treatments

[0061]

[0062] The results showed that, compared with traditional irrigation, the day-drainage and night-irrigation mode can effectively alleviate the damage caused by high temperature during the regeneration season, promote early and rapid growth of regenerated buds, balanced growth of the plant population, and uniform and robust plant growth.

[0063] Data from the maturity stage showed that the number of effective spikes under this model increased significantly by 13.75% compared to the control, the number of grains per spike increased by 7.36%, and the actual yield increased by 12.70%, demonstrating outstanding effects in stabilizing and increasing yield. This model provides a feasible technical path for high-temperature cultivation in the early stages of the regeneration season.

[0064] Example 4:

[0065] A ratooning rice mat-planting experiment was conducted using Yongyou 4901 as the experimental material. A novel water management model of night irrigation and day drainage was implemented 15 days before the germination of the ratooning season, with traditional day and night deep water irrigation as a control. Throughout the experiment, a 25cm stubble height was uniformly adopted for harvesting. Each treatment had three replicate plots with an area of ​​25m². Agronomic traits were measured at maturity in both the first and ratooning seasons. In each plot, 10 consecutive rice plants with uniform growth were selected to investigate the number of effective panicles. The regeneration capacity of the plant was calculated as: Regeneration capacity = Number of effective panicles in the ratooning season / Number of effective panicles in the first season.

[0066] The results showed that, compared with conventional irrigation, the day-drainage and night-irrigation pattern can effectively enhance the regeneration capacity of rice stubble and promote the germination and panicle formation of low-position axillary buds. Regeneration capacity data showed that the regeneration capacity of ratooning rice under this pattern reached 1.37, which is 14.17% higher than the 1.20 of the conventional pattern. The improvement in rice stubble regeneration capacity is significant, providing important technical support for the stable yield, high yield and increased efficiency of ratooning rice.

[0067] Example 5:

[0068] Using Yongyou 4901 as material, a ratooning rice mat seedling machine transplanting experiment was conducted. A new irrigation management model of "irrigating at night and draining during the day" was promoted 15 days before the ratooning season. Traditional day-night irrigation was used as a control in the field. Effective accumulated temperature and radiation-related data were statistically analyzed during the ratooning season. Pre-flowering accumulated temperature = total effective accumulated temperature before heading; post-flowering accumulated temperature = total effective accumulated temperature from heading to maturity; pre-flowering radiation = total effective accumulated temperature before heading; post-flowering radiation = total effective accumulated temperature from heading to maturity; effective accumulated temperature utilization efficiency = yield during the growth period / total effective accumulated temperature; radiation utilization efficiency = yield during the growth period / total radiation. The relevant measurement results are shown in Table 3.

[0069] Table 3 shows the comparison of regenerated seasonal temperature and light resources under different irrigation treatments.

[0070] Table 3: Comparison of Temperature and Light Resources during the Regeneration Season under Different Irrigation Treatments

[0071]

[0072] The results showed that compared with traditional irrigation, the day-drainage and night-irrigation pattern significantly optimized the utilization of light and temperature resources during the ratooning season, increased the effective accumulated temperature and radiation accumulation levels, and resulted in more complete plant growth and development. Light and temperature utilization data showed that under this pattern, the effective accumulated temperature before flowering and the total effective accumulated temperature increased by 113.6 ℃ and 73.3 ℃ respectively compared with the control, with an increase in effective accumulated temperature utilization efficiency of 6.46%; pre-flowering radiation, post-flowering radiation, and total radiation increased by 68.38 MJ mm⁻², 24.70 MJ mm⁻², and 93.08 MJ mm⁻² respectively, with an increase in radiation utilization efficiency of 3.63%. The efficient utilization of light and temperature resources was significant, providing an important physiological basis for high-yield and high-quality ratooning rice in high-temperature areas.

[0073] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation on the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, any minor modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for promoting the germination of low-position axillary buds in ratooning rice during high-temperature periods through day-drainage and night-irrigation, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: Step 1: Pre-cultivation preparation Immediately after the first harvest of ratooning rice, the critical period for the germination of low-level axillary buds begins. Pre-treatment of the field is carried out, including clearing field drainage ditches and repairing irrigation channels. At the same time, the high temperature threshold was determined by monitoring, the appropriate water level standard for the germination period of low-level axillary buds was clarified, and the duration of basic irrigation and drainage was determined in combination with the soil fertility and rice stubble growth in the field. Step 2: Field monitoring and assessment Observe the field temperature, soil moisture, rice stubble growth, and low-level axillary bud germination status at regular intervals every day. Manually monitor the field temperature once at 9 am and once at 3 pm every day, and check the soil moisture once every morning. Observe the germination status and bud growth of low-level axillary buds at the base of the rice stubble to determine whether the high temperature stress conditions have been met and the water requirements of the rice stubble and axillary buds. Step 3: Core Irrigation and Drainage Cultivation Operations When the daytime temperature is monitored to be ≥35℃, and it is determined to be a high temperature stress state, the nighttime irrigation cultivation operation is started. The irrigation time is set from 22:00 on the same night to 6:00 the next morning. The irrigation channel valves are opened to irrigate the field, and the water level is observed. When the water level reaches the preset 5-8cm, the irrigation valves are closed and irrigation is stopped. The following morning from 8:00 to 10:00, open the drainage channel valves to drain the water from the fields. Manually observe the water level, and close the drainage valves when the water level drops to the preset 1-2cm. Step 4: Dynamic adjustment of cultivation parameters Based on the growth requirements of low-level axillary bud germination after the first harvest of ratooning rice, observe soil moisture, rice stubble growth and low-level axillary bud germination status, and dynamically optimize irrigation and drainage parameters; if the soil moisture is lower than the suitable moisture for low-level axillary bud germination, increase the nighttime irrigation amount, raise the irrigation water level to 6-8cm, and extend the irrigation time by 30 minutes. If the daytime temperature remains above 35°C, start nighttime irrigation one hour earlier and stop daytime drainage one hour later. If a low germination rate of low-position axillary buds and weak buds are observed, the water level after drainage should be adjusted to 1.5-2cm based on soil moisture conditions to ensure nutrient transfer in the rice stubble and growth of axillary buds, further promoting the germination of low-position axillary buds and cultivating robust buds. Step 5: Field Cultivation and Maintenance After the daily irrigation and drainage operations are completed, clean the irrigation and drainage channels; Every week, conduct a comprehensive inspection of the soil conditions, rice stubble growth, and low-level axillary bud germination in the field, and adjust the timing and water level of irrigation and drainage in a timely manner. For weeds and minor diseases that appear in the field, carry out prevention and control in conjunction with irrigation and drainage operations. Regularly record irrigation and drainage times, water levels, axillary bud germination, and rice stubble growth.

2. The method for promoting the germination of low-position axillary buds in ratooning rice during high-temperature periods through day-drainage and night-irrigation, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... In the first step, the high temperature threshold is 35°C.

3. The method for promoting the germination of low-position axillary buds in ratooning rice during high-temperature periods through day-drainage and night-irrigation, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... In the first step, the appropriate water level standard for the low-position axillary bud germination period is: 5-8cm for nighttime irrigation and 1-2cm for daytime drainage.

4. The method for promoting the germination of low-position axillary buds in ratooning rice during high-temperature periods through day-drainage and night-irrigation, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... In the second step, the soil moisture content of the 0-20cm soil layer is measured.

5. The method for promoting the germination of low-position axillary buds in ratooning rice during high-temperature periods through day-drainage and night-irrigation, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... In the fourth step, the suitable humidity for the germination of low-lying axillary buds is 20%-25%.

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