A method for breeding enzyme rice

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating enzyme rice. The method aims to solve the technical problems of low soil activity, poor crop stress resistance and difficulty in standardizing quality under the traditional planting mode. The method comprises the following steps: constructing soil micro-ecology by applying enzyme base fertilizer containing a complex microbial flora; activating endogenous enzymes in seeds by soaking with specific plant fermentation enzyme liquid; spraying enzyme metabolites during seedling raising to enhance stress resistance; monitoring nitrogen by using near-infrared spectroscopy and dynamically adjusting enzyme topdressing during the growth period; applying protective enzyme liquid during the maturation period and adopting segmented low-temperature drying. Through the whole process of enzyme precise intervention and intelligent management, the soil activity, rice stress resistance and nutrient utilization rate are significantly improved, and the content of bioactive components such as gamma-aminobutyric acid in the finally output rice is significantly increased, realizing high-quality standardized production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of crop cultivation, specifically relating to a method for cultivating enzyme-based rice. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous evolution of modern agricultural technology, the cultivation of functional agricultural products has become a key way to increase the added value of crops and meet consumers' health needs. Traditional rice cultivation techniques mainly rely on chemically synthesized fertilizers and pesticides to maintain yields. This model not only easily leads to the deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties but may also affect the nutritional structure and eating quality of rice. Especially in the context of pursuing green and organic agriculture, how to optimize the growth environment and activate the physiological potential of crops through biotechnology has become a core issue in current agricultural scientific research.

[0003] Among them, enzyme agriculture, as an emerging ecological planting model, demonstrates significant potential for quality improvement by applying specific plant fermentation products to regulate the distribution of soil microbial communities and promote nutrient absorption. Enzyme rice, by introducing fermentation liquid rich in active enzymes, probiotics, and metabolites during the growth cycle, aims to achieve synergistic optimization of soil ecological restoration and rice endogenous metabolism. However, in actual cultivation, the variability of environmental factors and the complexity of microbial action mechanisms pose higher technical challenges to the precision of enzyme liquid formulation and application logic.

[0004] However, existing enzyme-based rice cultivation methods often suffer from insufficient stability of bioactive components, making their intervention effects unpredictable in complex farmland environments. Furthermore, traditional fermentation broth application methods are largely based on empiricism, lacking dynamic regulation mechanisms for different growth and development stages of rice, making it difficult to achieve precise matching of nutrient supply with crop physiological needs. In addition, current processes cannot effectively establish a long-term synergistic relationship between enzyme metabolites and the original soil micro-ecosystem, resulting in insignificant and unstandardized improvements in rice quality. Therefore, a highly efficient and stable method for cultivating enzyme-based rice is desired. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and provide a method for cultivating enzyme rice.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A method for cultivating enzyme-infused rice includes the following steps: S1, Soil pretreatment and microbial community construction at the planting base: Deep tillage is performed at the planting base, and a base fertilizer composed of plant-derived enzymes and well-rotted organic fertilizer is applied. A complex microbial community consisting of Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast is introduced into the base fertilizer to establish a soil micro-ecosystem; S2, Seed pretreatment and endogenous enzyme activation: High-activity rice seeds are selected and soaked in a specific plant fermentation enzyme solution to activate the amylase and protease activities inside the seeds; S3, Stress resistance induction during the seedling stage: When the seedlings reach a specific stage of growth, an enzyme rich in polysaccharides, amino acids, and organic acids is sprayed on them. Metabolic product solution to enhance seedling resistance; S4, Dynamic nutrient regulation during the growth cycle: Near-infrared spectroscopy is used to monitor leaf nitrogen content in real time during the tillering, jointing, and heading stages of rice, and the ratio and application of enzyme topdressing are dynamically adjusted according to the monitoring results, and nutrients are supplemented through an integrated water and fertilizer system; S5, Quality locking at maturity: After the rice has reached full heading, a protective enzyme solution rich in superoxide dismutase and catalase is applied to delay senescence and promote the transfer of dry matter to grains; S6, Post-harvest treatment and quality assessment: The harvested rice is dried in stages at low temperature, and the bioactive components of the produced rice are quantitatively analyzed.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the plant-derived enzyme is obtained by fermentation of soybeans, garlic, ginger and seaweed; the application of the base fertilizer also includes adjusting the soil pH by adding lime powder or humic acid according to the soil pH monitoring value.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the specific plant fermented enzyme liquid is obtained by diluting fermented neem bark, tobacco leaves and pyrethrum; the soaking treatment process includes periodically aerating and turning the seeds.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the soaking process further includes introducing ultrasonic treatment to promote the penetration of enzyme active ingredients into the seed interior.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, while spraying the enzyme metabolite solution, the seedling environment is subject to day-night temperature control management: maintaining a first temperature range during the day to promote photosynthesis, and maintaining a second temperature range at night to reduce respiration consumption.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, the logic for dynamically adjusting the enzyme topdressing is as follows: when the nitrogen content is detected to be lower than the first threshold, the proportion of soybean fermentation liquid in the topdressing is increased; when the nitrogen content is higher than the second threshold, the proportion of seaweed fermentation liquid in the topdressing is increased.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S5, the segmented low-temperature drying includes: a first stage reducing the moisture content of rice from a first moisture content to a second moisture content and maintaining it for a first duration; a second stage lowering the temperature to reduce the moisture content from the second moisture content to a target moisture content and maintaining it for a second duration; and intermittent cold air rehumidification during the drying process.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the quantitative analysis of bioactive components in step S6 includes at least determining the content of γ-aminobutyric acid in rice and ensuring that it is greater than or equal to a preset threshold.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: A stable soil microecology and nutrient supply system was established: by introducing a base fertilizer composed of compound microbial flora and multi-source plant enzymes, the soil structure was deeply repaired and the biological activity was enhanced, effectively inhibiting soil-borne diseases and providing a continuous and stable healthy environment for rice growth.

[0015] The system activated the physiological potential of crops and enhanced their resistance to stress: from seed soaking to seedling intervention, the active ingredients in the enzymes successfully activated the expression of endogenous enzymes in rice and induced the synthesis of stress-related proteins, significantly improving seed germination performance and seedling adaptability to adverse environments.

[0016] It has achieved intelligent and standardized management of the growth cycle: by introducing near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring and a dynamic regulation mechanism for integrated water and fertilizer, it has achieved precise nutrient supply based on the real-time physiological needs of crops, breaking the limitations of traditional experience-based planting, significantly improving fertilizer utilization, and reducing chemical input.

[0017] The nutritional and flavor qualities of the rice were optimized and locked in: During the ripening period, intervention with protective enzyme solutions delayed plant senescence and promoted the accumulation of functional components and efficient transfer of dry matter. Combined with a segmented low-temperature drying process, the bioactivity and enzyme system integrity of the rice were preserved to the greatest extent, ensuring high content and stability of core nutrients such as γ-aminobutyric acid in the final product, achieving high-quality standardized output. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Example 1 This example details the specific implementation process of an enzyme rice cultivation method.

[0019] S1. Soil Pretreatment and Microbial Community Construction at the Planting Base: Select fields with an organic matter content of not less than 2.5%. Deep tillage to a depth of 25-35 cm is performed using deep tillage machinery. Subsequently, apply a base fertilizer consisting of plant-derived enzymes and well-rotted organic fertilizer at a mass ratio of 1:15 to 1:20, at a rate of 1500-2500 kg per acre. The plant-derived enzymes are prepared by sealed fermentation of soybeans, garlic, ginger, and seaweed (mass ratio 3:1:1:2) for 45-60 days. Simultaneously, a complex microbial community of Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast with sufficient viable bacterial counts is introduced into the base fertilizer. Before fertilization, monitor the soil pH value. If it is below 5.5, add 50-100 kg of lime powder per acre; if it is above 7.0, add 30-60 kg of humic acid per acre for adjustment.

[0020] S2. Seed Pretreatment and Endogenous Enzyme Activation: Select rice seeds with a viability value greater than 95%. Use an enzyme stock solution obtained by fermenting neem bark, tobacco leaves, and pyrethrum (mass ratio 2:1:1), diluted 300-500 times, and soak the seeds at 25-28℃ for 24-48 hours. During soaking, aerate and agitate the seeds every 4-6 hours to maintain sufficient dissolved oxygen. Optionally, intermittent ultrasonic treatment at a frequency of 25-40kHz can be used during the soaking process, for 15 minutes each time.

[0021] S3. Induction of stress resistance during the seedling stage: At the three-leaf and one-heart stage of the seedlings, spray with an enzyme metabolite solution diluted 600-800 times (containing 3-5% polysaccharides, 2-4% amino acids, and 1.5-2.5% organic acids). At the same time, implement diurnal temperature management: control the daytime temperature at 25-30℃ and the nighttime temperature at 15-18℃, and maintain the light intensity at 30,000-50,000 lux.

[0022] S4. Dynamic Nutrient Regulation During the Growth Cycle: During the tillering, jointing, and heading stages, monitor the nitrogen content of the first or second leaf from the top using a near-infrared spectrometer (700-2500nm band) 1-2 times per week. Based on the monitoring results, dynamically adjust the enzyme-based topdressing ratio in the fertigation system: when the nitrogen content is below 2.0%, increase the proportion of soybean fermentation liquid in the topdressing to 45%-60%; when the nitrogen content is above 3.5%, increase the proportion of seaweed fermentation liquid to 30%-45%. Control the irrigation flow rate at 30-50 cubic meters per hour, and dilute the enzyme solution at a ratio of 1:1000 to 1:1500.

[0023] S5. Quality Locking at Maturity: 15-20 days after heading, spray with a protective enzyme solution rich in superoxide dismutase (SOD activity ≥1200U / mL) and catalase (CAT activity ≥800 U / mL) to remove reactive oxygen species and delay leaf senescence.

[0024] S6. Post-harvest processing and quality assessment: After harvesting, the rice undergoes segmented low-temperature drying. The first stage involves drying the rice at 35-42℃ from 25%-28% moisture content to 18%-20% for 10-12 hours. The second stage maintains the same lower temperature range, drying the rice to 14%-14.5% moisture content for 8-10 hours. During the drying process, cold air is introduced for 1 hour every 2 hours for rehydration. The dried rice, analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), shows a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content exceeding 20 mg / 100g, along with a protein content of 7%-9% and an amylose content of 15%-18%, exhibiting excellent eating quality.

[0025] Example 2 This example provides an implementation method under poor soil conditions, focusing on the adaptive adjustments of the steps.

[0026] In S1, for fields with an organic matter content of 1.5%-2.0%, the deep plowing depth will be increased to 35-40 cm, the base fertilizer application rate will be increased to 3000 kg per mu, and lignin-degrading bacteria will be added to the base fertilizer.

[0027] In S2, the aeration and turning frequency was increased to once every 3 hours, and a high dissolved oxygen level (approximately 8 mg / L) was maintained in the soaking solution.

[0028] In S4, the near-infrared spectroscopy model, in addition to monitoring nitrogen, also integrates leaf water saturation deficit and meteorological data to make secondary corrections to irrigation decisions. For example, when there is a water deficit, the system automatically adjusts to supplement irrigation with lower concentrations and higher flow rates.

[0029] In S5, a step-by-step spraying strategy is adopted, in which protective enzyme solutions with different enzyme activities are sprayed at different times after heading to optimize dry matter transfer.

[0030] Example 3 This example illustrates the integrated application in a large-scale, automated production scenario.

[0031] In S1, variable fertilization machinery is used to apply base fertilizer differently according to the soil map; and microencapsulation technology is used to encapsulate complex microbial communities to achieve slow release and colonization.

[0032] The S2 uses a fully automatic circulating seed soaking equipment that integrates temperature and dissolved oxygen sensors with automatic turning and aeration functions.

[0033] In S4, a digital twin growth prediction model based on cloud-based spectral data is established to provide early warning of future nutrient requirements, and the fertilization ratio of the integrated water and fertilizer system is precisely controlled by a PID controller.

[0034] In S5, electrostatic spraying technology is used to spray protective enzyme solution, which improves the adhesion and coverage of droplets on rice ears.

[0035] In the S6, a fully automated intelligent drying tower is employed, which switches drying stages and adjusts the cold air rehumidification logic in real time based on online moisture detection to ensure precise moisture content. Through the systematic implementation of the above steps, this invention constructs a complete closed-loop control system from soil improvement to post-harvest processing. The complex microbial community and enzymes synergistically repair the soil ecosystem; bioactivation during the seed and seedling stages lays the foundation for strong seedlings; dynamic nutrient management based on real-time monitoring achieves precise supply; enzyme protection technology during maturity locks in grain quality; and the final low-temperature drying process maximizes the preservation of active ingredients. Parameters at each stage can be flexibly adjusted according to variety and region, ultimately achieving high-quality, standardized production of enzyme-fed rice, with its core nutritional indicators (such as GABA content) significantly and consistently higher than conventionally grown rice.

[0036] The above description is merely one embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention can be modified and varied in various ways. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating enzyme-rich rice, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Soil Pretreatment and Microbial Community Construction at the Planting Base: Deep tillage is carried out at the planting base, and a base fertilizer composed of plant-derived enzymes and well-rotted organic fertilizer is applied. A complex microbial community consisting of Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast is introduced into the base fertilizer to establish a soil micro-ecosystem. S2. Seed Pretreatment and Endogenous Enzyme Activation: High-activity rice seeds are selected and soaked in a specific plant fermentation enzyme solution to activate the amylase and protease activity within the seeds. S3. Stress Resistance Induction during Seedling Stage: When seedlings reach a specific stage of growth, a solution of enzyme metabolites rich in polysaccharides, amino acids, and organic acids is sprayed to enhance... S4. Dynamic nutrient regulation during the growth cycle: Near-infrared spectroscopy is used to monitor the nitrogen content of leaves in real time during the tillering, jointing, and heading stages of rice, and the ratio and application of enzyme topdressing are dynamically adjusted according to the monitoring results. Nutrients are supplemented through an integrated water and fertilizer system. S5. Quality locking at maturity: After the rice has reached full heading, a protective enzyme solution rich in superoxide dismutase and catalase is applied to delay senescence and promote the transfer of dry matter to the grains. S6. Post-harvest treatment and quality assessment: The harvested rice is dried in stages at low temperature, and the bioactive components of the produced rice are quantitatively analyzed.

2. The method for cultivating enzyme-rich rice according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the plant-derived enzyme is obtained by fermentation of soybeans, garlic, ginger and seaweed; the application of the base fertilizer also includes adjusting the soil pH by adding lime powder or humic acid according to the soil pH monitoring value.

3. The method for cultivating enzyme-rich rice according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the specific plant fermented enzyme liquid is obtained by fermenting and diluting neem bark, tobacco leaves and pyrethrum; the soaking treatment process includes periodically aerating and turning the seeds.

4. The method for cultivating enzyme-rich rice according to claim 3, characterized in that, The soaking process also includes the introduction of ultrasonic treatment to promote the penetration of enzyme active ingredients into the seeds.

5. The method for cultivating enzyme-rich rice according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, while spraying the enzyme metabolite solution, the seedling environment is subject to day-night temperature control: during the day, a first temperature range is maintained to promote photosynthesis, and at night, a second temperature range is maintained to reduce respiration consumption.

6. The method for cultivating enzyme-rich rice according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the logic for dynamically adjusting enzyme topdressing is as follows: when the nitrogen content is detected to be lower than the first threshold, the proportion of soybean fermentation liquid in the topdressing is increased; when the nitrogen content is higher than the second threshold, the proportion of seaweed fermentation liquid in the topdressing is increased.

7. The method for cultivating enzyme-rich rice according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the segmented low-temperature drying includes: a first stage reducing the moisture content of the rice from a first moisture content to a second moisture content and maintaining it for a first duration; a second stage lowering the temperature to reduce the moisture content from the second moisture content to a target moisture content and maintaining it for a second duration; and intermittent cold air rehumidification during the drying process.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The quantitative analysis of bioactive components in step S6 includes at least determining the content of γ-aminobutyric acid in rice and ensuring that it is greater than or equal to a preset threshold.