Canna-free seedling raising and planting method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of Colocasia esculenta weed-free seedling and its planting method, and the seedling method comprises the following steps: S1: taro seed selection;S2: taro seed disinfection;S3: seedbed preparation;S4: taro seed wraps lime powder;S5: laying seedling substrate;S6: laying taro seed;S7: covering substrate;S8: laying inclined 5-hole spray water belt;S9: moisture management;S10: seedling.The application also discloses a kind of Colocasia esculenta planting method, which uses the Colocasia esculenta seedling obtained by the aforementioned Colocasia esculenta weed-free seedling method for field planting.The application not only can weed-free, reduce artificial weeding intensity, but also can effectively improve the survival rate of taro seed and reduce the risk of rotten seed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically relating to the seedling cultivation and field planting technology of taro, and particularly to a taro cultivation technology that can achieve weed-free cultivation and improve seedling and planting efficiency. Background Technology

[0002] Taro, a distinctive high-starch tuber crop belonging to the genus *Colocasia* of the Araceae family, is characterized by its distinctive purplish-red areca nut pattern on the cross-section of the mother tuber. It has a powdery, fragrant, and nutritious texture and is an important economic crop in southern my country. In its cultivation, the quality of the seedling stage directly determines the subsequent transplant survival rate, plant growth, and final yield and quality. Currently, the conventional method for setting up seedbeds in greenhouse taro cultivation is to use the ground inside the greenhouse or small shed as the base surface. The specific technical defects are as follows: On the one hand, because the seedbed substrate soil is laid directly on the greenhouse floor without an effective isolation structure, the direct contact between the ground and the substrate soil leads to a strong mutual influence between the ground moisture and the substrate soil moisture, making it impossible to accurately control the substrate soil moisture. The roots of taro seed tubers and seedlings are fragile and have weak regeneration capabilities, requiring strict control over substrate moisture. The suitable substrate moisture should be maintained at 60%–70%. Too high a moisture level can easily lead to seed tuber rot and root mold, while too low a moisture level will affect seed tuber germination and seedling root growth, causing seedling wilting. The ground humidity inside greenhouses or small sheds is greatly affected by the external environment (such as atmospheric humidity and soil moisture content) and irrigation conditions. When the ground humidity is high, water will seep upwards into the substrate soil through capillary action, resulting in excessive substrate soil moisture and causing problems such as seed rot and root rot. When the ground humidity is low, the water in the substrate soil will quickly seep away to the ground, causing the substrate soil to dry out and unable to provide a stable water supply for seed germination and seedling growth, thus affecting the quality of seedling cultivation and leading to uneven seedling growth and a decreased survival rate.

[0003] On the other hand, seedbeds are based on the ground, and weed seeds in the soil will germinate and grow rapidly under suitable greenhouse temperature and humidity conditions, leading to rampant weed growth. These weeds compete with taro seedlings for water, nutrients, and light, significantly inhibiting seedling growth, resulting in weak and slow-growing seedlings, further reducing seedling quality. Simultaneously, weed growth increases the risk of pests and diseases. As intermediate hosts for pests and diseases, weeds easily attract aphids, spider mites, and various soil-borne diseases, increasing pest and disease control costs during seedling cultivation and potentially causing the spread of pests and diseases, resulting in wider seedling damage. Furthermore, when weeds are rampant in the seedbed, weeding methods include manual weeding or herbicide spraying. Manual weeding is difficult and easily damages the delicate roots of the taro; herbicides can damage seedlings and have a long residual period. Both of these methods affect seedling growth, increasing seedling costs and reducing seedling efficiency.

[0004] In summary, the existing ground-based seedbed structure in taro greenhouse cultivation suffers from technical problems such as difficulty in precisely controlling substrate moisture, easy weed growth on the ground, and difficulty in weed control. This leads to unstable seedling quality, low survival rate, and high seedling costs, failing to meet the needs of large-scale, high-quality taro seedling cultivation. There is an urgent need for a seedbed structure and seedling cultivation method that can solve the above-mentioned technical defects, so as to improve the quality and efficiency of taro seedling cultivation and lay a good foundation for subsequent cultivation and production. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a weed-free seedling cultivation method and planting method for taro.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for weed-free seedling cultivation of Taro arguta, characterized in that the seedling cultivation method includes the following steps: S1: Taro seed selection. Select the taro variety cultivated in Hezhou, Guangxi. After harvesting the mother taro, dig out the daughter taro and remove the rotten or diseased daughter taro. Select daughter taro weighing between 20 and 100g as taro seed. S2: Taro seed disinfection. Pour the taro seeds obtained in step S1 into a plastic basket and then put them into a large bucket for soaking and disinfection. Prepare a 5% mass concentration quicklime solution for disinfection and soak for 5 to 10 minutes. S3: Seedbed. Inside the planting greenhouse, the seedbed is raked and leveled, and seedbeds with a width of 100-110cm are dug. The bottom of the seedbed is 5-8cm lower than the surface of the soil. A working passage with a width of 50-60cm is set between adjacent seedbeds. Then, the bottom, side walls and working passages of the seedbed are completely covered with 10-mil thick mulch. S4: Coat the taro seeds with lime powder. Coat the taro seeds obtained in step S2 with quicklime powder evenly to cover the surface of the taro seeds. S5: Lay the seedling substrate. Fill the groove of the seedling bed with the seedling substrate to a thickness of 2-3 cm, and flatten the surface of the seedling substrate to form a substrate seedling bed. S6: Lay the taro seeds. Spread the taro seeds from step S4 evenly on the seedbed, ensuring that the taro seeds do not overlap. S7: Cover with substrate. Spread the seedling substrate evenly on the taro seedlings, completely covering the top of the taro seedlings. The covering thickness is 2-3cm. S8: Lay out the sprinkler belt, and lay out the 5-hole slanted sprinkler belt in the middle of the seedbed along the length of the substrate seedbed; S9: Water Management: The first spray should thoroughly wet the entire seedbed. There should be water at the bottom of the seedbed, but it should not be soaked. If water is found to be submerging the taro seedlings, holes should be made in the low-lying areas of the seedbed to drain the water. During the seedling stage, keep the substrate moist and spray once every 10 to 15 days. After the taro seedlings have grown 2 leaves, they need to be sprayed once every 3 days. S10: Seedling raising. 30-40 days after seedling raising, when the taro seedlings have grown to 4-5 leaves, they can be raised and transplanted to the field. Pull the taro seedlings up by hand, grade them according to their size, and cut off the leaves at a height of 15-20cm.

[0007] Furthermore, a control valve is installed on the spray hose and connected to the spray hose. Multiple oblique five-holes are arranged at intervals along the length of the spray hose. The control valve is electrically connected to the controller.

[0008] Furthermore, the seedling substrate comprises, by weight, 50 parts peat moss, 15 parts perlite, 20 parts decomposed organic matter, and 15 parts coconut coir.

[0009] In step S2, the volume of the large barrel is 100-300L, and the quicklime water needs to be prepared and used immediately, with each use not exceeding 12 hours.

[0010] A method for cultivating areca nut taro, including the above-mentioned weed-free seedling raising method for areca nut taro, further includes the following steps: S11: Field preparation. Select fields with deep, loose, fertile soil, a topsoil layer of more than 20cm, soil pH of 5.5-6.5, organic matter content of more than 1.5%, and convenient irrigation and drainage, preferably loam or sandy loam, and fields that have not been planted with taro crops in the previous year. Taro fields should not be continuously cropped; a crop rotation of 2-3 years is recommended. Apply sufficient base fertilizer during land preparation, including 1000kg of cow manure, 40kg of compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=15-15-15) and 20kg of superphosphate per mu. After evenly raking the soil, make ridges and plant in double rows. The ridges with furrows should be about 180cm wide, 35cm high, and 50cm wide. S12: Field transplanting. First, disinfect the graded taro seedlings. Specifically, prepare a disinfectant solution by diluting 11% cypermethrin·pyrimethanil suspension at 1500 times and 20% thiazophos suspension at 1000 times. Immerse the roots of the taro seedlings in the disinfectant solution for 5-10 minutes. After disinfection, plant the taro seedlings into the pre-drilled planting holes, and then backfill with soil to cover the roots of the taro seedlings to a thickness of 1-2 cm. S13: Field management, including water regulation, fertilization, pest and disease control, and weeding of taro seedlings after transplanting, to ensure the normal growth of taro seedlings.

[0011] Furthermore, the specific operation method for water control is as follows: water thoroughly on the day of transplanting to ensure that the soil in the planting hole is fully moist and free of water accumulation; keep the soil moist after transplanting; drain the water in the field in time during rainy days to prevent the roots of the taro seedlings from rotting due to water accumulation; after the taro seedlings enter the vigorous growth period, keep the soil moisture content stable at 55% to 65%, increase the number of waterings appropriately during drought, and clear ditches and drain water in time during the rainy season to prevent waterlogging.

[0012] The specific fertilization method is as follows: 10-15 days after transplanting, apply seedling fertilizer, applying per 667m³ of fertilizer per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). 2 Apply 25 kg of water-soluble fertilizer. If the taro seedlings are growing weakly, apply fertilizer once every 5 to 7 days, and add 5 kg to 10 kg of compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=15-15-15), applying it around 10 cm around the roots of the taro seedlings. Taro seedlings enter the rapid growth stage: when the plants have grown to 5-6 leaves, [the text abruptly ends here, likely due to an incomplete sentence or missing information]. 2 Apply 10-15 kg of compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=15-15-15); When the taro seedlings enter the tuber enlargement stage and the plants grow to 7 leaves, the tuber size should be increased per 667 m². 2 Apply 20-30 kg of compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=17-5-17) evenly in the middle furrow of the bed, avoiding the taro roots. Apply once every 15-20 days, for a total of 2-3 times.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the significant advantages of this invention are: (1) The present invention uses quicklime water for disinfection (step S2), taro seeds coated with lime powder (step S4), and substrate seedbed mulch (step S3 / S5), which effectively solves the technical defects of traditional seedling raising in high temperature and high humidity that easily leads to seed rot; at the same time, diseased and weak taro seeds are removed (step S1), further reducing the seed rot rate and increasing the taro seed survival rate to over 98%. Compared with the traditional open-field seedling raising method that reduces the seed rot rate by more than 60%, it has the significant advantage of improving the taro seed survival rate and reducing the risk of seed rot.

[0014] (2) In this invention, the taro seeds are spaced apart and do not overlap; combined with the substrate covering in step S7 and the watering and moisturizing in step S9, the taro seedlings are ensured to grow uniformly, with consistent plant height and growth, reducing weak and deformed seedlings, and laying the foundation for subsequent field planting.

[0015] (3) This invention can effectively inhibit soft rot and root-knot nematodes (a common disease in Hezhou, Guangxi) by using multiple steps to kill bacteria and prevent pests, including quicklime water disinfection in step S2 and taro seed coating with lime in step S4. This reduces the amount of pesticides used for pest and disease control in the later stages, lowers planting costs, and improves the quality of taro seedlings.

[0016] (4) The seedling substrate of this invention uses peat moss as the organic framework and perlite for water retention, so that the substrate is moist and not lacking oxygen; the addition of decomposed organic matter enhances fertility, because decomposed organic matter provides a large number of elements and long-lasting nutrients. It has the effect of balanced nutrition and promoting root growth and strong seedlings, and is particularly suitable for seedling cultivation of tuberous crops such as taro. It can significantly improve the uniformity of seedling emergence and the robustness of the root system, reduce the risk of seed rot, damping-off, and nutrient deficiency yellowing, and significantly improve the emergence rate and the rate of strong seedlings.

[0017] (5) The present invention adopts the method of laying seedbed with plastic film to carry out seedling cultivation, which can effectively reduce the growth of weeds. There are no obvious weeds in the seedbed, thus achieving the technical effect of eliminating weeding and reducing labor costs. It also reduces the competition between weeds and taro seedlings for nutrients, ensuring that nutrients are mainly used for the growth of taro seedlings. The taro seedlings cultivated in the end grow strong, with relatively uniform stems, dark green and shiny leaves, and long and thick roots. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0019] Figure 1 The image shows a comparison of the growth of taro seedlings in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 30 days after planting. In the image, the left side shows the seedbed of Example 1 with plastic film covering the ground to isolate it, and the right side shows the conventional seedbed of Comparative Example 1.

[0020] Figure 2 The image shows a comparison of the growth of taro seedlings in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 40 days after planting. In the image, the left side shows the seedbed of Example 1 with plastic film covering the ground to isolate it, and the right side shows the conventional seedbed of Comparative Example 1.

[0021] Figure 3 The image shows a comparison of the root growth of taro seedlings in Example 1 (A) and Comparative Example 1 (1). In the image, the left side is the taro seedlings obtained by the treatment group of the present invention in Example 1, and the right side is the taro seedlings obtained by the conventional seedling control group in Comparative Example 1, with the measuring tape as the boundary.

[0022] Figure 4 The image shows the growth status of taro seedlings in open-air cultivation, as shown in Comparative Example 1. As can be seen in the image, the taro seedlings have been covered by weeds. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Example 1: A method for cultivating taro seedlings includes the following steps: S1: Taro seed selection. Select the taro variety cultivated locally in Hezhou, Guangxi. After harvesting the mother taro, dig out the daughter taro and remove any rotten or diseased daughter taro. Select daughter taro weighing between 20 and 100g as taro seed.

[0025] S2: Disinfect taro seeds. Pour the taro seeds obtained in step S1 into a plastic basket and then put them into a large bucket for soaking and disinfection. Prepare a 5% mass concentration quicklime solution for disinfection and soak for 5-10 minutes.

[0026] S3: Seedling bed. Inside the planting greenhouse, the seedling bed is raked and leveled, and a seedling bed with a width of 100-110cm is dug. The bottom of the seedling bed is 5-8cm lower than the surface of the soil. A working passage with a width of 50-60cm is set between adjacent seedling beds.

[0027] The seedling beds in the planting greenhouse were divided into sections A and B for comparison.

[0028] In Area A, the seedling beds are completely covered with 10-mil thick plastic film, including the bottom, side walls, and working passage.

[0029] The 10-mil thick mulch film is a black film with a thickness of 0.1mm. It is opaque, preventing weeds from photosynthesizing and causing them to suffocate, thus achieving a weed control rate of 90% to 100%, significantly saving on herbicides and labor.

[0030] Area B seedling beds: No mulch film, normal exposed ground.

[0031] S4: Coat the taro seeds with lime powder. Coat the taro seeds obtained in step S2 evenly with quicklime powder, cover the surface of the taro seeds, and spread them out to dry for 1 to 2 days. When spreading them out to dry, the taro seeds should not overlap each other.

[0032] S5: Lay the seedling substrate. Fill the seedling beds in areas A and B with the seedling substrate, with a filling thickness of 2-3cm. Then, flatten the surface of the seedling substrate to form a substrate seedbed.

[0033] Area A uses the seedling substrate protected by this invention, which, by weight, comprises: 50 parts peat moss, 15 parts perlite, 20 parts decomposed organic matter, and 15 parts coconut coir, mixed together and prepared in advance.

[0034] Area B uses a traditional seedling substrate, which, by weight, includes: 50 parts peat moss and 50 parts garden soil.

[0035] S6: Spread the taro seeds from step S4 evenly on the seedbed, ensuring that the seeds do not overlap.

[0036] S7: Covering the substrate. After the taro seeds in areas A and B are evenly laid on the seedbed, the corresponding seedbed substrate is evenly spread on the top surface of the substrate seedbed to completely cover the top of the taro seeds. The covering thickness is 2-3cm.

[0037] S8: Lay a 5-hole angled sprinkler belt in the middle of the seedbed, extending along the length of the substrate seedbed. A control valve is installed on the sprinkler belt and connected to it. Multiple 5-hole angled nozzles are spaced apart along the length of the sprinkler belt. The control valve is electrically connected to the controller.

[0038] S9; Water Management: The first spray should thoroughly wet the entire seedbed. There should be water at the bottom of the seedbed, but it should not be soaked. If water is found to be submerging the taro seeds, holes should be made in the low-lying areas of the seedbed to drain the water. During the seedling stage, keep the substrate moist, generally spraying once every 10-15 days; after the taro seedlings have grown 2 leaves, they need to be sprayed once every 3 days.

[0039] S10: Seedling raising. 30-40 days after seedling raising, when the taro seedlings have grown to 4-5 leaves, they can be raised and transplanted to the field. Pull the taro seedlings up by hand, grade them according to their size, and cut off the leaves at a height of 15-20cm.

[0040] Observe the growth of Taro seedlings during the seedling stage (Area A and Area B), such as... Figure 1-3 As shown in Table 1 below, the seedling emergence rate was counted 30 days after planting, the survival rate was counted 40 days after planting, and the growth of stems, leaves, etc. was observed from 30 to 35 days after planting.

[0041] Table 1 Comparison of taro seedling growth in different treatment areas

[0042] As shown in Table 1, the emergence rate in area A using the method of this invention reached 98%, an increase of 12.5% ​​compared to 85.5% in area B. Furthermore, the emergence in area A was more uniform, while area B showed sparse and uneven emergence. In terms of survival rate, area A reached 98%, while area B was 85%. This indicates that the survival rate of taro seedlings obtained using the method of this invention (area A) was 13% higher than that in area B, effectively increasing the number of taro seedlings obtained, significantly reducing seedling death and weak seedling losses, and significantly improving seedling utilization. Additionally, the taro seedlings in area A had darker green, glossy leaves, longer root systems, vigorous growth, and no obvious weeds. In area B, the outer leaves of the taro seedlings showed some yellowing, and the leaves lacked gloss. The root systems were relatively shorter, and obvious weeds were present.

[0043] Depend on Figure 1 It can also be seen that in the planting greenhouse, the left side (area A) is Example 1, where planting is carried out using the method of the present invention; the right side is area B. In Example 1 of the present invention, the taro seedling emergence rate is high, the growth density is obvious, and no obvious weeds are observed; the taro seedlings obtained in area B, where no mulch was laid, are sparsely grown, and the growth of each seedling varies greatly, with weeds already growing along the edges of the seedbed. In comparison, it can be seen that the taro seedlings grown in the seedbed with mulch of the present invention are more uniform in size and have a higher density than those obtained without mulch. This is mainly because the present invention uses mulch to isolate the ground, which can effectively prevent weed growth, while the substrate of the present invention can promote the growth and development of taro seeds.

[0044] Figure 2 As shown, the comparison of taro seedlings after a period of growth is still based on the working channel. The taro seedlings obtained by this invention in area A are significantly better than those in area B. The taro seedlings in area A are more emerald green, while the ground in area B has more weeds growing, the stems of the taro seedlings are dark yellow, and the edges of the leaves are withered.

[0045] like Figure 2 As shown, a comparison diagram of taro seedling growth is presented, showing the ground covered with plastic film and the substrate of this invention. As can be seen in the diagram, with the working channel as the boundary, the left side (area A) represents the taro seedling growth of this invention, while the right side (area B) represents the taro seedling growth obtained by the existing seedling cultivation method. The comparison shows that the taro seedling growth of this invention is superior to that of the taro seedlings obtained by the existing seedling cultivation method. Figure 3 As shown, taro seedlings randomly pulled from areas A and B were compared. The taro seedlings in the treatment group of this invention on the left (area A) had good root growth, with green stems and leaves, and relatively long roots. In contrast, the taro seedlings in area B (CK group) had shorter roots, with withered yellow leaves, and slightly dark stems.

[0046] Comparative Example 1 A method for open-field seedling cultivation of taro includes the following steps: S1: Taro selection. Select the local taro variety cultivated in Hezhou. After harvesting the mother taro, dig out the daughter taro and remove any rotten or diseased daughter taro. Select daughter taro weighing between 20 and 100g as taro seed.

[0047] S2: Disinfect taro seeds. Pour the taro seeds obtained in step S1 into a plastic frame and then put them into a large bucket for soaking and disinfection. Prepare a 5% concentration of quicklime water for disinfection and soak for 7 minutes. The volume of the large bucket is 100-300L. The quicklime water should be prepared and used immediately, and each use should not exceed 12 hours.

[0048] S3: Seedling bed. In open-air planting bases, the seedling bed is raked and leveled.

[0049] S4: Cover with substrate. Place the selected taro seedlings on the seedbed, then cover with 2-3cm of planting soil, completely covering the top of the taro seedlings, and water thoroughly.

[0050] S5: After planting, water once every 1-2 days depending on the soil moisture; after the taro seedlings have grown 2 leaves, spray once every 3-5 days depending on the situation.

[0051] S6: When the taro seedlings have grown to 4-5 leaves, they can be transplanted to the field for planting.

[0052] The experiment was conducted at an open-air taro planting base in Zhaoping County, Hezhou City. 57 taro plants were planted, with 43 seedlings emerging. Emergence was sparse and uneven, with a wide emergence time span (10-18 days), resulting in a emergence rate of 75.4%. 35 plants survived, achieving a survival rate of 61.4%. The growth status after 40 days of planting is shown in the image below. Figure 4 As shown, see Figure 4 The plant was overgrown with weeds, the taro seedlings were of varying sizes, the plants were short, the edges of the leaves were yellowish, and the plants were not growing well.

[0053] Applying the weed-free seedling raising method of this invention for taro in greenhouses can significantly improve the seedling survival rate of taro, reaching over 98%, which is 36.6% higher than Comparative Example 1 and 13% higher than Area B in the same greenhouse. Using mulch film to cover the seedbed in combination with the substrate of this invention can further improve the seedling survival rate and increase the yield of taro seedlings.

[0054] Example 2: A method for cultivating taro includes the following steps: S11: Field preparation. Select fields with deep, loose, fertile soil, a topsoil layer of more than 20cm, soil pH of 5.5-6.5, organic matter content of more than 1.5%, and convenient irrigation and drainage, preferably loam or sandy loam, and fields that have not been planted with taro crops in the previous year. Taro fields should not be continuously cropped; a crop rotation of 2-3 years is recommended. Apply sufficient base fertilizer during land preparation, including 1000kg of cow manure, 40kg of compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=15-15-15) and 20kg of superphosphate per mu. After evenly raking the soil, make ridges and plant in double rows. The ridges with furrows should be about 180cm wide, 35cm high, and 50cm wide. S12: Field transplanting. First, disinfect the graded taro seedlings. Specifically, prepare a disinfectant solution by diluting 11% cypermethrin·pyrimethanil suspension at 1500 times and 20% thiazophos suspension at 1000 times. Immerse the roots of the taro seedlings in the disinfectant solution for 5-10 minutes. After disinfection, plant the taro seedlings into the pre-drilled planting holes, and then backfill with soil to cover the roots of the taro seedlings to a thickness of 1-2 cm. S13: Field management, including water regulation, fertilization, pest and disease control, and weeding of taro seedlings after transplanting, to ensure the normal growth of taro seedlings.

[0055] The specific methods for water control are as follows: water thoroughly on the day of transplanting to ensure that the soil in the planting hole is fully moist and free of water accumulation; keep the soil moist after transplanting; drain waterlogged fields in time during rainy days to prevent water accumulation and rot of taro seedling roots; after the taro seedlings enter the vigorous growth period, keep the soil moisture content stable at 55% to 65%, increase the frequency of watering appropriately during drought, and clear ditches and drain water in time during the rainy season to prevent waterlogging.

[0056] The specific fertilization method is as follows: 10-15 days after transplanting, apply seedling fertilizer at a rate of 1000-1000 liters per 667m². 2 Apply 25 kg of water-soluble fertilizer. If the taro seedlings are growing weakly, apply fertilizer once every 5 to 7 days, and add 5 kg to 10 kg of compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=15-15-15), applying it around the base of the taro seedlings at a distance of 10 cm.

[0057] Taro seedlings enter the rapid growth stage: when the plants have grown to 5-6 leaves, [the text abruptly ends here, likely due to an incomplete sentence or missing information]. 2 Apply 10-15 kg of compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=15-15-15).

[0058] When the taro seedlings enter the tuber enlargement stage and the plants grow to 7 leaves, the tuber size should be increased per 667 m². 2 Apply 20-30 kg of compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=17-5-17) evenly in the middle furrow of the bed, avoiding the taro roots. Apply once every 15-20 days, for a total of 2-3 times.

[0059] The specific operational methods for pest and disease control are as follows: prevention is the primary focus, and integrated pest management is employed. Regular field inspections should be conducted, and diseased plants and leaves should be promptly removed and buried or burned outside the field to prevent the spread of pests and diseases. For disease control, for soft rot and taro blight, fungicide should be sprayed every 10 days. 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder at a dilution of 3000 times or 58% metalaxyl-mancozeb wettable powder at a dilution of 800 times can be used, and sprayed evenly on the leaves and soil around the roots of the taro seedlings. For pest control, for root-knot nematodes, cutworms, and grubs, 20% thiazophos suspension at a dilution of 1500 times can be used for root irrigation, with 200ml applied to each plant. For aphids and spider mites, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder at a dilution of 2000 times can be sprayed. Spraying time should be chosen before 9 am or after 5 pm to avoid spraying during high-temperature periods and reduce pesticide damage.

[0060] The specific methods for weeding in the field are as follows: 7-10 days after transplanting, perform the first manual weeding to remove weeds from the field and prevent them from competing with the taro seedlings for nutrients and water. Be gentle when weeding to avoid damaging the roots of the taro seedlings. Subsequently, weed every 15 days according to the growth of weeds. Remove weeds in the seedling stage in time to reduce the difficulty of weeding. Before the taro seedlings close the rows, you can do a deep weeding in combination with inter-row cultivation and loosening of the soil to promote the growth of the taro seedling roots. Avoid using herbicides with high residual residues. Manual weeding should be the first choice. If herbicides are necessary, choose herbicides that are not harmful to taro and dilute them according to the instructions before spraying. Avoid contact between the herbicide and the leaves and roots of the taro seedlings when spraying.

[0061] Example 3: A method for cultivating taro includes the following steps: S11: Field preparation. Select fields with deep, loose, fertile soil, a topsoil layer of more than 20cm, soil pH of 5.5-6.5, organic matter content of more than 1.5%, and convenient irrigation and drainage, preferably loam or sandy loam, and fields that have not been planted with taro crops in the previous year. Taro fields should not be continuously cropped; a crop rotation of 2-3 years is recommended. Apply sufficient base fertilizer during land preparation, including 1000kg of cow manure, 40kg of compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=15-15-15) and 20kg of superphosphate per mu. After evenly raking the soil, make ridges and plant in double rows. The ridges with furrows should be about 180cm wide, 35cm high, and 50cm wide. S12: Field transplanting. First, disinfect the graded taro seedlings. Specifically, prepare a disinfectant solution by diluting 11% cypermethrin·pyrimethanil suspension at 1500 times and 20% thiazophos suspension at 1000 times. Immerse the roots of the taro seedlings in the disinfectant solution for 5-10 minutes. After disinfection, plant the taro seedlings into the pre-drilled planting holes, and then backfill with soil to cover the roots of the taro seedlings to a thickness of 1-2 cm. S13: Field management, including water regulation, fertilization, pest and disease control, and weeding of taro seedlings after transplanting, to ensure the normal growth of taro seedlings.

[0062] The specific methods for water control are as follows: water thoroughly on the day of transplanting to ensure that the soil in the planting hole is fully moist and free of water accumulation; keep the soil moist after transplanting; drain waterlogged fields in time during rainy days to prevent water accumulation and rot of taro seedling roots; after the taro seedlings enter the vigorous growth period, keep the soil moisture content stable at 55% to 65%, increase the frequency of watering appropriately during drought, and clear ditches and drain water in time during the rainy season to prevent waterlogging.

[0063] The specific fertilization method is as follows: 12 days after transplanting, apply seedling fertilizer at a rate of 1000 mg / 667m³. 2Apply 25 kg of water-soluble fertilizer. If the taro seedlings are growing weakly, apply fertilizer once every 6 days, and add 7 kg of compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=15-15-15), applying it around the roots of the taro seedlings at a distance of 10 cm.

[0064] Taro seedlings enter the rapid growth stage: when the plants have grown to 5-6 leaves, [the text abruptly ends here, likely due to an incomplete sentence or missing information]. 2 Apply 12 kg of compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=15-15-15).

[0065] When the taro seedlings enter the tuber enlargement stage and the plants grow to 7 leaves, the tuber size should be increased per 667 m². 2 Apply 25 kg of compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=17-5-17) evenly in the middle furrow of the bed, avoiding the taro roots. Apply once every 18 days, for a total of 2 applications.

[0066] The specific operational methods for pest and disease control are as follows: prevention is the primary focus, and integrated pest management is employed. Regular field inspections should be conducted, and diseased plants and leaves should be promptly removed and buried or burned outside the field to prevent the spread of pests and diseases. For disease control, for soft rot and taro blight, fungicide should be sprayed every 10 days. 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder at a dilution of 3000 times or 58% metalaxyl-mancozeb wettable powder at a dilution of 800 times can be used, and sprayed evenly on the leaves and soil around the roots of the taro seedlings. For pest control, for root-knot nematodes, cutworms, and grubs, 20% thiazophos suspension at a dilution of 1500 times can be used for root irrigation, with 200ml applied to each plant. For aphids and spider mites, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder at a dilution of 2000 times can be sprayed. Spraying time should be chosen before 9 am or after 5 pm to avoid spraying during high-temperature periods and reduce pesticide damage.

[0067] The specific methods for weeding in the field are as follows: 7-10 days after transplanting, perform the first manual weeding to remove weeds from the field and prevent them from competing with the taro seedlings for nutrients and water. Be gentle when weeding to avoid damaging the roots of the taro seedlings. Subsequently, weed every 15 days according to the growth of weeds. Remove weeds in the seedling stage in time to reduce the difficulty of weeding. Before the taro seedlings close the rows, you can do a deep weeding in combination with inter-row cultivation and loosening of the soil to promote the growth of the taro seedling roots. Avoid using herbicides with high residual residues. Manual weeding should be the first choice. If herbicides are necessary, choose herbicides that are not harmful to taro and dilute them according to the instructions before spraying. Avoid contact between the herbicide and the leaves and roots of the taro seedlings when spraying.

[0068] Example 4: A method for cultivating taro includes the following steps: S11: Field preparation. Select fields with deep, loose, fertile soil, a topsoil layer of more than 20cm, soil pH of 5.5-6.5, organic matter content of more than 1.5%, and convenient irrigation and drainage, preferably loam or sandy loam, and fields that have not been planted with taro crops in the previous year. Taro fields should not be continuously cropped; a crop rotation of 2-3 years is recommended. Apply sufficient base fertilizer during land preparation, including 1000kg of cow manure, 40kg of compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=15-15-15) and 20kg of superphosphate per mu. After evenly raking the soil, make ridges and plant in double rows. The ridges with furrows should be about 180cm wide, 35cm high, and 50cm wide. S12: Field transplanting. First, disinfect the graded taro seedlings. Specifically, prepare a disinfectant solution by diluting 11% cypermethrin·pyrimethanil suspension at 1500 times and 20% thiazophos suspension at 1000 times. Immerse the roots of the taro seedlings in the disinfectant solution for 5-10 minutes. After disinfection, plant the taro seedlings into the pre-drilled planting holes, and then backfill with soil to cover the roots of the taro seedlings to a thickness of 1-2 cm. S13: Field management, including water regulation, fertilization, pest and disease control, and weeding of taro seedlings after transplanting, to ensure the normal growth of taro seedlings.

[0069] The specific methods for water control are as follows: water thoroughly on the day of transplanting to ensure that the soil in the planting hole is fully moist and free of water accumulation; keep the soil moist after transplanting; drain waterlogged fields in time during rainy days to prevent water accumulation and rot of taro seedling roots; after the taro seedlings enter the vigorous growth period, keep the soil moisture content stable at 55% to 65%, increase the frequency of watering appropriately during drought, and clear ditches and drain water in time during the rainy season to prevent waterlogging.

[0070] The specific fertilization method is as follows: 15 days after transplanting, apply seedling fertilizer at a rate of 1000 mg / 667m³. 2 Apply 25 kg of water-soluble fertilizer. If the taro seedlings are growing weakly, apply fertilizer once every 5 to 7 days, and add 10 kg of compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=15-15-15) around the roots of the taro seedlings.

[0071] Taro seedlings enter the rapid growth stage: when the plants have grown to 5-6 leaves, [the text abruptly ends here, likely due to an incomplete sentence or missing information]. 2 Apply 15 kg of compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=15-15-15).

[0072] When the taro seedlings enter the tuber enlargement stage and the plants grow to 7 leaves, the tuber size should be increased per 667 m². 2 Apply 30 kg of compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=17-5-17) evenly in the middle furrow of the bed, avoiding the taro roots. Apply once every 20 days for a total of 3 times.

[0073] The specific operational methods for pest and disease control are as follows: prevention is the primary focus, and integrated pest management is employed. Regular field inspections should be conducted, and diseased plants and leaves should be promptly removed and buried or burned outside the field to prevent the spread of pests and diseases. For disease control, for soft rot and taro blight, fungicide should be sprayed every 10 days. 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder at a dilution of 3000 times or 58% metalaxyl-mancozeb wettable powder at a dilution of 800 times can be used, and sprayed evenly on the leaves and soil around the roots of the taro seedlings. For pest control, for root-knot nematodes, cutworms, and grubs, 20% thiazophos suspension at a dilution of 1500 times can be used for root irrigation, with 200ml applied to each plant. For aphids and spider mites, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder at a dilution of 2000 times can be sprayed. Spraying time should be chosen before 9 am or after 5 pm to avoid spraying during high-temperature periods and reduce pesticide damage.

[0074] The specific methods for weeding in the field are as follows: 7-10 days after transplanting, perform the first manual weeding to remove weeds from the field and prevent them from competing with the taro seedlings for nutrients and water. Be gentle when weeding to avoid damaging the roots of the taro seedlings. Subsequently, weed every 15 days according to the growth of weeds. Remove weeds in the seedling stage in time to reduce the difficulty of weeding. Before the taro seedlings close the rows, you can do a deep weeding in combination with inter-row cultivation and loosening of the soil to promote the growth of the taro seedling roots. Avoid using herbicides with high residual residues. Manual weeding should be the first choice. If herbicides are necessary, choose herbicides that are not harmful to taro and dilute them according to the instructions before spraying. Avoid contact between the herbicide and the leaves and roots of the taro seedlings when spraying.

[0075] The above-described embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention and are only used to facilitate the illustration of the present invention. They are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any person skilled in the art who makes local modifications or alterations to the technical content disclosed in the present invention without departing from the scope of the technical features of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical features of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for weed-free seedling cultivation of taro, characterized in that, The seedling cultivation method includes the following steps: S1: Taro seed selection. Select the taro variety cultivated in Hezhou, Guangxi. After harvesting the mother taro, dig out the daughter taro and remove the rotten or diseased daughter taro. Select daughter taro weighing between 20 and 100g as taro seed. S2: Taro seed disinfection. Pour the taro seeds obtained in step S1 into a plastic basket and then put them into a large bucket for soaking and disinfection. Prepare a 5% mass concentration quicklime solution for disinfection and soak for 5 to 10 minutes. S3: Seedbed. Inside the planting greenhouse, the seedbed is raked and leveled, and seedbeds with a width of 100-110cm are dug. The bottom of the seedbed is 5-8cm lower than the surface of the soil. A working passage with a width of 50-60cm is set between adjacent seedbeds. Then, the bottom, side walls and working passages of the seedbed are completely covered with 10-mil thick mulch. S4: Coat the taro seeds with lime powder. Coat the taro seeds obtained in step S2 with quicklime powder evenly to cover the surface of the taro seeds. S5: Lay the seedling substrate. Fill the groove of the seedling bed with the seedling substrate to a thickness of 2-3 cm, and flatten the surface of the seedling substrate to form a substrate seedling bed. S6: Lay the taro seeds. Spread the taro seeds from step S4 evenly on the seedbed, ensuring that the taro seeds do not overlap. S7: Cover with substrate. Spread the seedling substrate evenly on the taro seedlings, completely covering the top of the taro seedlings. The covering thickness is 2-3cm. S8: Lay out the sprinkler belt, lay out the 5-hole slanted sprinkler belt, and extend it along the length of the substrate seedbed in the middle of the seedbed; S9: Water Management: The first spray should thoroughly wet the entire seedbed. There should be water at the bottom of the seedbed, but it should not be soaked. If water is found to be submerging the taro seedlings, holes should be made in the low-lying areas of the seedbed to drain the water. During the seedling stage, keep the substrate moist and spray once every 10 to 15 days. After the taro seedlings have grown 2 leaves, they need to be sprayed once every 3 days. S10: Seedling raising. 30-40 days after seedling raising, when the taro seedlings have grown to 4-5 leaves, they can be raised and transplanted to the field. Pull the taro seedlings up by hand, grade them according to their size, and cut off the leaves at a height of 15-20cm.

2. The method for weed-free seedling cultivation of taro according to claim 1, characterized in that: A control valve is installed on the spray hose and connected to the spray hose. Multiple oblique five-holes are arranged at intervals along the length of the spray hose. The control valve is electrically connected to the controller.

3. The method for weed-free seedling cultivation of taro according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seedling substrate comprises, by weight, 50 parts peat moss, 15 parts perlite, 20 parts well-rotted organic matter, and 15 parts coconut coir.

4. The method for weed-free seedling cultivation of taro according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the volume of the large barrel is 100-300L, and the quicklime water needs to be prepared and used immediately, with each use not exceeding 12 hours.

5. A method for cultivating taro, characterized in that, The method for weed-free seedling cultivation of taro according to any one of claims 1-5 further includes the following steps: S11: Field preparation. Select fields with deep, loose, fertile soil, a topsoil layer of more than 20cm, soil pH of 5.5-6.5, organic matter content of more than 1.5%, and convenient irrigation and drainage, preferably loam or sandy loam, and fields that have not been planted with taro crops in the previous year. Taro fields should not be continuously cropped; a crop rotation should be done every 2-3 years. Apply sufficient base fertilizer during land preparation, with 1000kg of cow manure, 40kg of compound fertilizer, and 20kg of superphosphate per mu. After evenly raking the soil, make ridges and plant in double rows. The ridges with furrows should be about 180cm wide, the ridges should be 35cm high, and the furrows should be 50cm wide. S12: Field transplanting. First, disinfect the graded taro seedlings. Specifically, prepare a disinfectant solution by diluting 11% cypermethrin·pyrimethanil suspension at 1500 times and 20% thiazophos suspension at 1000 times. Immerse the roots of the taro seedlings in the disinfectant solution for 5-10 minutes. After disinfection, plant the taro seedlings into the pre-drilled planting holes, and then backfill with soil to cover the roots of the taro seedlings to a thickness of 1-2 cm. S13: Field management, including water regulation, fertilization, pest and disease control, and weeding of taro seedlings after transplanting, to ensure the normal growth of taro seedlings.

6. The method for cultivating taro according to claim 5, characterized in that, The specific operation method for water control is as follows: water thoroughly on the day of transplanting to ensure that the soil in the planting hole is fully moist and free of water accumulation; keep the soil moist after transplanting; drain the water in the field in time during rainy days to prevent the roots of the taro seedlings from rotting due to water accumulation; after the taro seedlings enter the vigorous growth period, keep the soil moisture content stable at 55% to 65%, increase the number of waterings appropriately during drought, and clear ditches and drain water in time during the rainy season to prevent waterlogging.

7. The method for cultivating taro according to claim 5, characterized in that, The specific fertilization method is as follows: 10-15 days after transplanting, apply seedling fertilizer, applying per 667m³ of fertilizer per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). 2 Apply 25 kg of water-soluble fertilizer. If the taro seedlings are growing weakly, apply fertilizer once every 5 to 7 days, and add 5 kg to 10 kg of compound fertilizer. Apply the fertilizer 10 cm around the base of the taro seedlings. Taro seedlings enter the rapid growth stage: when the plants have grown to 5-6 leaves, [the following is a separate, unrelated sentence:] per 667 m² 2 Apply 10-15 kg of compound fertilizer; When the taro seedlings enter the tuber enlargement stage and the plants grow to 7 leaves, the tuber size should be increased per 667 m². 2 Apply 20-30 kg of compound fertilizer evenly in the middle furrow of the bed, avoiding the taro roots. Apply once every 15-20 days, for a total of 2-3 times.

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