A soybean heavy-crop green high-yield cultivation method

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of crop planting technology, and discloses a soybean heavy and close succession green high-yield cultivation method. In view of the problems of low yield, soil degradation, frequent occurrence of diseases and insect pests, weak stress resistance of plants and the like in high-cold regions, the method is integrated and optimized through technologies such as straw returning, standard trapezoidal ridge forming, double-layer stratified fertilization, complex seed coating agent coating and rhizobium spraying, five-period one-spraying multi-effect, one-spraying multi-promotion green prevention and control and the like, and a whole-process mechanized and standardized cultivation system is constructed. The method can improve the soil organic matter and water and fertilizer conservation capacity, effectively alleviate the continuous cropping obstacles, enhance the nitrogen fixation, disease resistance and drought resistance of plants, and realize the reduction of chemical fertilizer and pesticide application. Compared with conventional cultivation, the yield of close succession soybean is increased by 6.5%, the yield of heavy succession soybean is increased by 5.48%, and the highest increase per mu reaches 42.65 yuan, so that the economic, ecological and social benefits are remarkable, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application in high-cold regions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of crop planting technology, specifically relating to a green and high-yield cultivation method for soybean replanting. Background Technology

[0002] Soybeans are an important oilseed and grain crop in my country, and continuous cropping is a common practice in soybean production in high-altitude and cold regions. Long-term continuous cropping can lead to a chain of problems, such as soil microecological imbalance, enrichment of harmful rhizosphere microorganisms, increased soil-borne diseases and underground pests, decline in root nitrogen fixation capacity, and reduced fertilizer utilization. This results in weak soybean plant growth, low pod setting rate, and a significant decrease in yield and quality, becoming a major bottleneck restricting stable and high-yield soybean production and green development in high-altitude and cold regions.

[0003] Current traditional soybean replanting techniques generally suffer from systemic deficiencies: the planting pattern is mainly based on conventional small ridges, resulting in an unreasonable plant population structure and low light and land utilization rates; fertilization methods mainly rely on conventional broadcasting and shallow application, without combining straw shredding and returning to the field with bio-fertilizers to improve the soil, leading to a mismatch between nutrient release and soybean nutrient requirements, resulting in high risks of fertilizer waste and non-point source pollution; seed treatment often uses single-agent coating, which has limited effectiveness in controlling root rot and cyst nematodes caused by replanting, and lacks measures for protecting and efficiently utilizing rhizobia; pest, disease, and weed control mainly relies on conventional chemical agents, resulting in large dosages, high residue risks, and difficulty in meeting the requirements of green production.

[0004] Furthermore, the fourth and fifth accumulated temperature zones in high-altitude and cold regions suffer from insufficient heat and short growing seasons. Existing technologies lack standardized, mechanized, and integrated systems for land preparation, stratified fertilization, seed treatment, and comprehensive green pest control. Inconsistent operational procedures lead to unstable mitigation of continuous cropping obstacles and limited yield potential, failing to meet the demands of large-scale, standardized, and green modern soybean production. Therefore, developing a green and high-yield soybean cultivation method that can improve soil, reduce continuous cropping obstacles, enhance fertilizer and pesticide utilization, and achieve stable and high yields is of significant production importance and application value. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing soybean replanting techniques, such as soil degradation, severe pests and diseases, low yield, and insufficient green production levels, by providing a green and high-yield soybean replanting method that achieves synergistic improvement in yield and efficiency, reduction of fertilizer and pesticide use, soil improvement, and green and high-yield.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for green and high-yield soybean replanting cultivation includes the following steps: (1) Straw return to the field and land preparation and ridging: After the previous crop is harvested, stubble is destroyed and straw is crushed. Then, combined land preparation and heavy harrowing are carried out in sequence. After the soil is finely crushed and leveled, autumn ridging is carried out to construct trapezoidal ridges. (2) Layered fertilization: Formula fertilization is carried out according to the soil test results and the fertilizer requirement of soybeans, combined with the application of biological fertilizer. A double-layered fertilization method is adopted to form two uniform fertilizer bands of different depths in the ridge. (3) Variety selection and seed treatment: Select high-yield and disease-resistant soybean varieties suitable for the accumulated temperature zone of high-altitude and cold regions, use compound seed coating agents to coat the seeds, and simultaneously implement rhizobium spray treatment at the time of sowing; (4) Field management: Weeding is carried out in sequence before and after sowing, and weeding is carried out after sowing. Green integrated pest management is implemented according to different growth stages of soybeans. Foliar fertilizer and plant growth regulator are combined to achieve multiple effects with one spray. (5) Harvesting: Harvest the soybeans at the appropriate time after they mature.

[0007] As a further description of the above technical solution, in step (1), the height of the stubble after stubble removal is ≤5cm, and the length of the straw after crushing is ≤10cm.

[0008] As a further description of the above technical solution, the depth of the combined tillage in step (1) is not less than 35cm, and the working direction of the tillage machinery is at an angle of 30 to 45° to the ridge direction; the harrowing depth of the heavy harrowing operation is 16 to 18cm, and the heavy harrowing operation is not less than two times.

[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution, the ridge body described in step (1) has a bottom width of 100-120 cm, a top width of 65-70 cm, a height of not less than 20 cm, and a curvature of 100 meters of ridge body not exceeding ±2.5 cm.

[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution, in step (2), the formula fertilizer is applied with 3-4 kg of pure nutrients N, 4-5 kg ​​of P2O5, and 1.5-2.5 kg of K2O per mu; the amount of bio-fertilizer applied is 3-5 kg / mu.

[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution, in the layered fertilization in step (2), the depth of the first layer of fertilization is 8-10cm below the ridge, and the amount of fertilizer applied accounts for 35-45% of the total amount of fertilizer applied; the depth of the second layer of fertilization is 12-14cm below the ridge, and the amount of fertilizer applied accounts for 55-65% of the total amount of fertilizer applied.

[0012] As a further description of the above technical solution, the high-yield and disease-resistant soybean variety in step (3) is Longken 3092; the compound seed dressing agent contains trace elements, a plant growth regulator for seed treatment, a fungicide for seed dressing, and an insecticide for seed dressing; the trace elements are ammonium molybdate or boric acid; the plant growth regulator for seed treatment is at least one of brassinolide, gibberellic acid, and indoleacetic acid; the fungicide for seed dressing is at least one of metalaxyl, fludioxonil, and lilacin; and the insecticide for seed dressing is thiamethoxam.

[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution, the rhizobium spraying treatment in step (3) is to spray liquid rhizobium agent into the seed furrow at the time of sowing, with an application rate of 8-12 mL / mu.

[0014] As a further description of the above technical solution, the green integrated pest management in step (4) is implemented in five periods, namely the soybean 3-5 compound leaf stage, early flowering stage, peak flowering stage, pod formation stage, and grain filling stage. In each period, at least one of the foliar plant growth regulator, foliar fungicide, and foliar insecticide is mixed with foliar fertilizer and adjuvants and sprayed simultaneously.

[0015] As a further description of the above technical solution, the foliar plant growth regulator is selected from one or more of brassinolide, sodium nitrophenolate, gibberellic acid, and indoleacetic acid; the foliar fungicide is selected from one or more of pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin, metalaxyl-mancozeb, iprodione, thifluzamide, propiconazole, and tebuconazole; the foliar insecticide is high-efficiency cypermethrin; the foliar fertilizer is selected from one or more of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, medium-element water-soluble fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, and ammonium molybdate; and the adjuvant is a pesticide-specific synergistic adjuvant.

[0016] This invention addresses the problems of low yield, poor quality, soil degradation, severe pests and diseases, and weak stress resistance in soybeans repeatedly cropped in high-altitude and cold regions. Through technological integration and innovation, it achieves multiple breakthroughs, with the following beneficial effects: The yield and quality improvement effects are significant. The yield of soybeans planted in the same crop increased by 6.5% compared with conventional cultivation, and the yield of soybeans planted in the same crop increased by 5.48% compared with conventional cultivation. The profit per mu was as high as 42.65 yuan. The marketability and protein content of soybeans were improved simultaneously. The soil improvement effect is remarkable. The combination of straw return to the field and bio-fertilizer can improve soil organic matter, optimize aggregate structure, enhance microbial activity and water and fertilizer retention capacity, and effectively alleviate continuous cropping obstacles. The level of green safety has been improved, the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has been reduced and the utilization efficiency has been improved, and the occurrence of pests and diseases has been reduced, which meets the requirements of green and ecological agricultural development. The plants' resistance to adverse conditions was significantly enhanced. Seed coating combined with rhizobium spraying improved nitrogen fixation, disease resistance, and drought resistance, and reduced the growth inhibition caused by continuous cropping. The technology is highly standardized, with fully mechanized and standardized operations, making it highly replicable and suitable for large-scale promotion in high-altitude and cold regions. It also has good economic, ecological and social benefits. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The soybean replanting green and high-yield cultivation method of this invention was tested in a demonstration plot of Geqiushan Farm in the fourth to fifth accumulated temperature zones of a high-altitude cold region. The entire process was mechanized, and the specific steps are as follows: (1) Straw return to the field and land preparation and ridging After the previous crop is harvested, imported stubble removers are used to simultaneously remove stubble and crush straw. The height of stubble residue in the field is controlled to be no more than 5 cm, and the length of crushed straw to be no more than 10 cm. The straw fragments are evenly spread and thoroughly mixed into the soil to increase soil organic matter content, improve soil aggregate structure, enhance soil water and fertilizer retention and supply capacity, alleviate the obstacles of continuous cropping, and lay a good soil foundation for subsequent land preparation and ridging. During land preparation, a combined tillage machine is used for combined tillage, with an operating depth of no less than 35 cm. The machine's operating direction is at a 30-45° angle to the ridge direction. During the operation, no overlap or omissions are allowed, and the reciprocating distance does not exceed 35 cm to ensure deep and thorough soil tillage, effectively breaking up the plow pan, further improving soil aeration, and creating suitable conditions for soybean root growth. After land preparation, heavy-duty disc harrows (with notched blades at the front and back, and blade diameters no less than 60cm) are used for heavy harrowing, with two passes throughout the process. The harrowing depth is controlled at 16-18cm, ensuring no overlap or omissions, and the reciprocating distance does not exceed 15cm. Once the soil is finely broken and leveled, ridge work is carried out to construct trapezoidal ridges. The specifications of these trapezoidal ridges are: 110cm wide at the bottom, 65-70cm wide at the top, and a ridge height of no less than 20cm. The ridges are full and compact, with a flat surface and a curvature of no more than ±2.5cm per 100 meters. This large-ridge, dense planting optimizes the soybean plant population structure, improves light exposure, and enhances light energy utilization, laying a solid foundation for high and stable soybean yields.

[0018] (2) Layered fertilization By employing green and efficient fertilization technologies such as soil testing and formula fertilization, application of bio-fertilizers, and double-layer and stratified fertilization, combined with straw return to the field, we can further improve the soil in continuous cropping and provide comprehensive and long-lasting nutrition for soybean growth.

[0019] Fertilization standards: Apply pure nutrients per acre according to soil testing and formula standards: N 3.5 kg, P2O5 4.5 kg, K2O 2 kg. At the same time, apply 4 kg of bio-fertilizer per acre to improve the soil microbial ecological environment for continuous cropping, inhibit the reproduction of harmful bacteria, and supplement beneficial soil microorganisms.

[0020] Layered fertilization operation: Fertilization and sowing are carried out separately in two stages, implementing double-layered, stratified fertilization: The first layer of fertilization is applied to a depth of 8-10 cm below the ridge, accounting for 40% of the total fertilizer amount; the second layer of fertilization is applied to a depth of 12-14 cm below the ridge, accounting for 60% of the total fertilizer amount. The row spacing for fertilization is 27 cm, and the parallel distance from the seedbed is 3-5 cm. The error of fertilizer flow rate per application should not exceed ±2%. The fertilization operation speed should not exceed 6 km / h. A shaping board is used, and the soil is compacted immediately after fertilization to make the ridge flat and loose, retain moisture and fertilizer, and ensure uniform and strong seedlings.

[0021] (3) Variety selection and seed treatment The soybean variety Longken 3092, which is suitable for the lower end of the fourth accumulated temperature zone to the upper end of the fifth accumulated temperature zone, was selected. This variety has high yield, strong stems, good marketability, strong disease resistance and stable yield, and high protein content. It is suitable for the climate and soil conditions of the replanted plots in Geqiushan Farm.

[0022] The dual treatment technology of seed coating with compound seed dressing agent and rhizobium spraying is used to improve seed resistance and germination rate, and alleviate the damage caused by continuous cropping. Seed coating employs a "four-in-one" technique: Dissolve 100-150g of analytical grade ammonium molybdate in 1.0-1.2 kg of hot water. Once the temperature drops below 40℃, add 100-120 mL of Yunda 120 (active ingredient and content: 0.004% 28-epiotabrassinolide) or 10 mL of Bihu (total active ingredient content 0.136%, gibberellic acid content 0.135%, indoleacetic acid content 0.00052%, brassinolide content 0.00031%), mix thoroughly, and coat 100 kg of seeds. After the seeds are dried, apply metalaxyl-M per 100 kg of seeds. For insect and disease prevention, use 320g of fludioxonil and 100mL of thiamethoxam for seed coating. For areas with severe Phytophthora root rot, strengthen seed treatment with a compound of metalaxyl, fludioxonil, and thiamethoxam; for areas with severe cyst nematode infestation, add Paecilomyces lilacin for seed treatment; for areas with continuous cropping for many years, additionally add rhizobium inoculants, boron-molybdenum micro-fertilizer, and low-temperature protection agents.

[0023] When sowing, install a rhizobium drip device on the seeder. After the seeds are laid out, spray liquid nitrogen-fixing rhizobium agent into the seed furrow simultaneously at a rate of 10 mL per mu. This allows the agent to be absorbed into the soil at the same layer as the seeds, avoiding the inhibition of rhizobium by the seed dressing agent, improving the survival rate of rhizobium, and enhancing the effects of nitrogen fixation, growth promotion, disease resistance, drought resistance, and soil fertility improvement.

[0024] (4) Field management Integrated green control of weeds in farmland: A green control model combining pre-emergence weed control and post-emergence foliar weed control is adopted to reduce competition between weeds and soybeans for water and fertilizer, thus ensuring the normal growth of soybeans.

[0025] Pre-emergence herbicide application after sowing: Use 96% S-metolachlor (960 g / L, dosage 2 kg / hm). 2 Combined with 75% thifensulfuron water-dispersible granules (at a dosage of 0.04 kg / hm). 2 After mixing evenly, spray the mixture in the field to ensure even application. This will effectively control weeds before they sprout and inhibit their germination.

[0026] Post-emergence weed control: Spraying should be carried out during the critical period when soybean true leaves have fully unfolded and weeds are at the 1-2 leaf stage. Mix 600 mL of 48% isoxaflutole, 1000-1500 mL of 25% flufenoxuron, 1500-2000 mL of 48% bentazon, 150 mL of adjuvant, and 150 mL of brassinolide evenly and spray according to the standard per hectare. This can safely and effectively control broadleaf and grass weeds in the field, effectively avoid herbicide damage, and ensure the normal growth of soybean seedlings.

[0027] Green integrated pest management: Based on pest and disease forecasting and early warning, a comprehensive foliar pest control model with multiple effects and multiple promotions from a single spray is implemented across five stages. During the control process, foliar fungicides, foliar insecticides, foliar fertilizers, foliar plant growth regulators, and pesticide-specific synergistic adjuvants are scientifically compounded and sprayed uniformly to achieve synergistic effects of disease prevention, pest control, plant health promotion, early maturity promotion, and quality and efficiency improvement, fully meeting the core requirements of green cultivation.

[0028] 3–5 compound leaf stage: The foliar spray combination includes amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, sodium nitrophenolate, brassinolide, metalaxyl-mancozeb, and adjuvants, with the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer dosage being 1500–2000 mL / hm². 2 The dosage of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is 2000 mL / hm. 2 The dosage of sodium nitrophenolate is 300 mL / hm. 2 The dosage of brassinolide was 150 mL / hm. 2 The dosage of the adjuvant is 150 mL / hm. 2 It helps to promote seedling growth and strengthen seedlings, effectively prevents root rot in the seedling stage, enhances the seedlings' resistance to stress, and lays a solid foundation for the subsequent growth of soybeans.

[0029] Early flowering stage: Spray with a combination of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate, medium-element fertilizer, metalaxyl-mancozeb, and propiconazole. Azoxystrobin and adjuvants, with potassium dihydrogen phosphate dosage at 1500 g / hm. 2 The amount of boric acid used is 250 g / hm. 2 The dosage of ammonium molybdate is 200 g / hm. 2 The application rate of medium-element fertilizer is 1500 mL / hm. 2 Procyclohexane The dosage of azoxystrobin is 1500 mL / hm. 2 It supplements the nutrients such as boron and molybdenum needed for soybean growth, prevents early diseases, promotes flowering and pod formation, and ensures the quality of growth during the flowering period.

[0030] Peak flowering period: Spray with a combination of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, medium-element fertilizer, and pyraclostrobin. Tebuconazole and its adjuvants, wherein the dosage of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 1500 g / hm. 2 The dosage of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is 2000 mL / hm. 2 The dosage of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is 1500–2000 mL / hm². 2 The application rate of medium-element fertilizer is 1500 mL / hm. 2 pyrimethanil The dosage of tebuconazole is 1000 mL / hm. 2 The dosage of the adjuvant is 150 mL / hm. 2 It can enhance the plant's nutrient supply, prevent and control diseases in the middle and late stages, ensure the quality of flowering and pollination, and reduce flower drop.

[0031] Pod-setting stage: Spraying combination includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate and propane. Azoxystrobin, humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, medium-element water-soluble fertilizer, high-efficiency cypermethrin and adjuvants, with potassium dihydrogen phosphate dosage at 1500 g / hm. 2 Procyclohexane The dosage of azoxystrobin is 1500 mL / hm. 2 The dosage of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is 300 mL / hm. 2 The dosage of water-soluble fertilizer containing medium-quantity elements is 1500 mL / hm. 2 The optimal dosage of high-efficiency cypermethrin is 500 g / hm². 2 The dosage of the adjuvant is 150 mL / hm. 2 It can achieve the dual effects of protecting pods and preventing insects and diseases, reducing pod drop and increasing the pod setting rate.

[0032] Grain filling stage: The foliar spray combination includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, medium-element water-soluble fertilizer, and propane. Azoxystrobin, high-efficiency cypermethrin, and adjuvants, with potassium dihydrogen phosphate dosage at 1500 g / hm. 2 The dosage of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is 300 mL / hm. 2 The dosage of water-soluble fertilizer containing medium-quantity elements is 1500 mL / hm. 2 Procyclohexane The dosage of azoxystrobin is 1500 mL / hm. 2 The optimal dosage of high-efficiency cypermethrin is 500 g / hm². 2The dosage of the adjuvant is 150 mL / hm. 2 It can prevent premature aging of plants, promote full grain filling, and improve soybean yield and quality.

[0033] (5) Harvest soybeans in a timely manner. After the soybeans mature, harvest them mechanically in a timely manner to control the harvest loss rate, ensure that the grains are plump and undamaged, and improve the marketability of soybeans.

[0034] Implementation effect The cultivation method of this invention, after being tested in a demonstration plot of continuous cropping at Geqiushan Farm, achieved significant yield and economic benefits. The specific results are as follows: The core demonstration plot of the new crop was 50 mu, with an average yield of 240.65 kg per mu, which is 6.5% higher than that of conventional cultivation, and the profit per mu is 42.65 yuan.

[0035] The core demonstration plot of continuous cropping is 50 mu, with an average yield of 235.43 kg per mu, which is 5.48% higher than conventional cultivation, and the profit per mu is 39.54 yuan.

[0036] Meanwhile, through technologies such as straw return to the field and application of bio-fertilizer, the present invention has significantly improved the physical and chemical properties of the soil, significantly enhanced the activity of microorganisms, and reduced the amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides used, thus achieving the goal of green, high-yield, high-efficiency, and ecologically coordinated development of soybeans in continuous cropping.

[0037] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them; those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for green and high-yield cultivation of soybeans through continuous cropping, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Straw return to the field and land preparation and ridging: After the previous crop is harvested, stubble is destroyed and straw is crushed. Then, combined land preparation and heavy harrowing are carried out in sequence. After the soil is finely crushed and leveled, autumn ridging is carried out to construct trapezoidal ridges. (2) Layered fertilization: Formula fertilization is carried out according to the soil test results and the fertilizer requirement of soybeans, combined with the application of biological fertilizer, and a double-layered fertilization method is adopted to form two uniform fertilizer bands of different depths in the ridge. (3) Variety selection and seed treatment: Select high-yield and disease-resistant soybean varieties suitable for the accumulated temperature zone of high-altitude and cold regions, use compound seed coating agents to coat the seeds, and simultaneously implement rhizobium spray treatment at the time of sowing; (4) Field management: Weeding is carried out in sequence before and after sowing, and weeding is carried out after sowing. Green integrated pest management is implemented according to different growth stages of soybeans. Foliar fertilizer and plant growth regulator are combined to achieve multiple effects with one spray. (5) Harvesting: Harvest the soybeans at the appropriate time after they mature.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the height of the stubble after stubble removal is ≤5cm, and the length of the straw after crushing is ≤10cm.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the depth of the combined tillage is not less than 35cm, and the working direction of the tillage machinery is at an angle of 30 to 45° to the ridge direction; the harrowing depth of the heavy harrowing operation is 16 to 18cm, and the heavy harrowing operation is not less than two times.

4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trapezoidal ridge in step (1) has a bottom width of 100-120cm, a top width of 65-70cm, a height of not less than 20cm, and a curvature of no more than ±2.5cm per 100 meters.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the fertilizer formula shall be applied with 3-4 kg of pure nutrients N, 4-5 kg ​​of P2O5 and 1.5-2.5 kg of K2O per mu; the amount of bio-fertilizer shall be 3-5 kg / mu.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the first layer of fertilization is applied at a depth of 8-10 cm below the ridge, and the amount of fertilizer applied accounts for 35-45% of the total amount of fertilizer applied; the second layer of fertilization is applied at a depth of 12-14 cm below the ridge, and the amount of fertilizer applied accounts for 55-65% of the total amount of fertilizer applied.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-yield, disease-resistant soybean variety mentioned in step (3) is Longken 3092; the compound seed dressing agent contains trace elements, a plant growth regulator for seed treatment, a fungicide for seed dressing, and an insecticide for seed dressing; the trace elements are ammonium molybdate or boric acid; the plant growth regulator for seed treatment is at least one of brassinolide, gibberellic acid, and indoleacetic acid; the fungicide for seed dressing is at least one of metalaxyl, fludioxonil, and lilacin; and the insecticide for seed dressing is thiamethoxam.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rhizobium spraying treatment in step (3) involves spraying liquid rhizobium agent into the seed furrow during sowing, with an application rate of 8-12 mL / mu.

9. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (4) describes the integrated green control of pests and diseases, which is implemented in five stages: the 3-5 compound leaf stage of soybeans, the early flowering stage, the peak flowering stage, the pod-setting stage, and the grain-filling stage. In each stage, at least one of the following foliar plant growth regulators, foliar fungicides, and foliar insecticides is mixed with foliar fertilizer and adjuvants and sprayed simultaneously.

10. The cultivation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The foliar plant growth regulator is selected from one or more of brassinolide, sodium nitrophenolate, gibberellic acid, and indoleacetic acid; the foliar fungicide is selected from one or more of pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin, metalaxyl-mancozeb, iprodione, thifluzamide, propiconazole, and tebuconazole; the foliar insecticide is high-efficiency cypermethrin; the foliar fertilizer is selected from one or more of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, medium-element water-soluble fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, and ammonium molybdate; the adjuvant is a pesticide-specific synergistic adjuvant.