Floating bed type hydroponic leek and crucian carp symbiotic circulation breeding system

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of floating bed type hydroponic leek crucian carp symbiotic circulation breeding system, belong to aquaculture and water planting plant co-production industry technical field, including floating bed mechanism, floating bed mechanism is provided with multiple array distribution installation site, detachably set up planting frame or buoyancy block in installation site, planting frame and buoyancy block have same shape contour size, both can selectively be installed in any installation site, and by adjusting the quantity ratio and space arrangement of planting frame and buoyancy block on floating bed mechanism, the switching of leek planting density is realized;The bottom of the culture pond is provided with a sewage collection mechanism, and a gas lift sewage pipe, a gas supply mechanism is arranged above the sewage collection mechanism.The planting frame and the buoyancy block are interchangeable, achieving high-density strong purification and low-density preservation of the synergistic regulation of life;The sewage collection tank cooperates with the sewage collection cover and the gas lift sewage pipe to realize non-disturbance directional sewage discharge and reduce pollution from the source;The splicing assembly realizes tool-free quick disassembly and assembly and bidirectional constraint, and the connection is reliable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture and hydroponic plant symbiosis industry, and in particular to a floating bed type hydroponic symbiotic and cyclical aquaculture system for leeks and crucian carp. Background Technology

[0002] In traditional high-density crucian carp farming, fish feces and uneaten feed accumulate in large quantities at the bottom of the pond, leading to a continuous increase in the concentration of harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water. In severe cases, this can cause fish poisoning or death. To maintain water quality, farmers typically use large-scale water changes, which not only wastes water resources but also increases farming costs. Aquaponics technology involves planting vegetables on the surface of the aquaculture water, utilizing the plant roots to absorb dissolved nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus from the water, achieving water purification while harvesting vegetable products. However, existing aquaponics systems have the following shortcomings: 1. Fixed planting density, unable to be dynamically adjusted. The planting holes on traditional floating beds cannot be changed once formed, making it impossible to flexibly adjust the planting density according to water quality conditions and fish status at different growth stages; 2. The problem of feces deposition at the bottom of the pond is not effectively solved. Existing systems mainly rely on plants to absorb dissolved pollutants, but lack effective active means to remove solid feces and uneaten feed deposited at the bottom of the pond. Feces decompose under anaerobic conditions, producing highly toxic substances such as hydrogen sulfide, which continuously threatens the health of fish; 3. Complex floating bed connection structure and inconvenient maintenance. Existing floating beds mostly adopt an integral structure or a simple dovetail joint. The integral structure is difficult to adjust the size according to the pool shape, and the dovetail joint is easy to loosen under the action of wind and waves, and is inconvenient to disassemble and assemble. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a floating bed-type hydroponic symbiotic aquaculture system for chives and crucian carp, which solves the problems of fixed planting density, inability to dynamically adjust, fecal accumulation at the bottom of the pond, and complex floating bed connection structure and inconvenient maintenance in existing aquaponics systems.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This invention discloses a floating bed-type hydroponic symbiotic and recirculating aquaculture system for chives and crucian carp, comprising a floating bed mechanism set within an aquaculture pond. The floating bed mechanism has multiple arrayed installation positions, each containing a detachable planting frame or buoyancy block. The planting frame is used to fix the chive plants, and the buoyancy block is a closed hollow or solid floating body. The planting frame and buoyancy block have the same external dimensions and can be selectively installed in either installation position. The planting density of chives can be switched by adjusting the ratio and spatial arrangement of the planting frames and buoyancy blocks on the floating bed mechanism. A sludge collection mechanism is located at the bottom of the aquaculture pond for collecting and depositing fish feces and uneaten feed. Above the sludge collection mechanism is an airlift discharge pipe for lifting and discharging the collected sediment to the outside of the aquaculture pond. The airlift discharge pipe is equipped with an air supply mechanism for introducing gas into it to generate an airlift effect.

[0005] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. Planting density can be dynamically adjusted, balancing purification efficiency and fish welfare. By interchangeably installing planting frames and buoyancy blocks of the same size in different installation positions, the planting density can be flexibly switched according to the breeding stage, water quality and climate conditions, achieving synergistic control of "high density for strong purification and low density for survival".

[0006] 2. Active bottom drainage fundamentally reduces pollution sources. The inverted cone-shaped caisson, combined with a bell-shaped sludge collection hood and airlift sludge pipe, allows for the directional discharge of bottom sediments without disturbing the overall aquaculture environment. During airlift sludge discharge, the sludge collection hood confines the turbulence generated by the airlift within its interior, preventing feces from being dispersed throughout the aquaculture pond and causing secondary pollution, thus eliminating the anaerobic decomposition of solid waste in the water at its source.

[0007] 3. Modular splicing, flexible adaptation and reliable connection. The splicing components achieve rapid splicing and disassembly between floating plates through the quick locking engagement of the insert rod and the spring-loaded positioning post, as well as the auxiliary guiding positioning of the V-groove and V-shaped protrusion, without the need for bolt fastening or special tools. The engagement of the V-groove and V-shaped protrusion not only serves as a guide before splicing, but also resists shearing forces perpendicular to the splicing direction after splicing, forming a bidirectional constraint with the axial locking of the positioning post and positioning groove, resulting in a connection strength superior to traditional dovetail groove structures. Attached Figure Description

[0008] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0009] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the floating bed hydroponic symbiotic and cyclical aquaculture system for chives and crucian carp of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view of the floating plate, planting frame, and splicing components of the present invention; Figure 3This is a top view of the floating plate of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the floating plate of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a top view of the floating plate and planting frame of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the planting frame, limiting baffle, and limiting block of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the planting frame of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the buoyancy block of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the side plate, insert rod, and first connecting block of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the side plate and locking seat of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the spring and operating lever of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the receiving groove and the second docking block of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spring and positioning post of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning post and positioning groove of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the locking state of the insertion rod and locking seat of the present invention; Figure 16 This is a cross-sectional view of the insertion rod and locking seat of the present invention; Figure 17 This is a top view of the four floating plates of the present invention joined together.

[0010] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Floating bed mechanism; 101. Floating plate; 10101. Through hole; 102. Limiting baffle; 1021. Side baffle; 1022. Top baffle; 103. Limiting block; 104. Observation window; 2. Planting frame; 201. First fixing plate; 202. Planting tube; 3. Buoyancy block; 301. Second fixing plate; 302. Sealing block; 4. Splicing assembly; 401. Side plate; 402. Insert rod; 40201. Positioning groove; 403. Locking seat; 40301, Installation slot; 40302, Receiving slot; 404, Spring; 405, Positioning post; 406, Operating lever; 407, First docking block; 408, Second docking block; 5, Sludge collection mechanism; 501, Sludge collection trough; 502, Sludge collection hood; 503, Support; 6, Air-lift sewage pipe; 7, Air supply mechanism; 701, Air pipe; 702, Microporous air stone; 703, Support frame; 8, Limiting component; 801, Connecting ring; 802, Flexible cable; 9, Aquaculture pond. Detailed Implementation

[0011] like Figure 1-17 As shown, a floating bed hydroponic symbiotic and recirculating aquaculture system for leeks and crucian carp includes a floating bed mechanism 1, which is set in an aquaculture pond 9 and floats on the water surface. A planting frame 2 and a buoyancy block 3 are detachably installed on the floating bed mechanism 1. A sludge collection mechanism 5 is provided at the bottom of the aquaculture pond 9 for collecting and depositing fish feces and uneaten feed. An airlift sludge pipe 6 is provided above the sludge collection mechanism 5 for lifting and discharging the sediment collected in the sludge collection mechanism 5 to the outside of the aquaculture pond 9. An air supply mechanism 7 is provided on the airlift sludge pipe 6 for introducing gas into it to generate an airlift effect. A limiting component 8 is provided between the floating bed mechanism 1 and the shore of the aquaculture pond 9. The limiting component 8 is used to limit the horizontal drift of the floating bed mechanism 1 and allow the floating bed mechanism 1 to rise and fall with changes in water level.

[0012] The floating bed mechanism 1 floats on the water surface of the aquaculture pond 9, and is located in the middle and upper layers of the aquaculture pond 9. The floating bed mechanism 1 is provided with multiple installation positions arranged in an array. Planting frames 2 or buoyancy blocks 3 are detachably installed in the installation positions. Planting frames 2 are used to fix the leek plants, and buoyancy blocks 3 are closed hollow or solid floating bodies. Planting frames 2 and buoyancy blocks 3 have the same external outline and dimensions. They can be selectively installed in either installation position. The planting density of leeks can be switched by adjusting the ratio and spatial arrangement of planting frames 2 and buoyancy blocks 3 on the floating bed mechanism 1.

[0013] The floating bed mechanism 1 includes several floats 101. Adjacent floats 101 are detachably connected together by splicing components 4. Each float 101 has at least one through hole 10101 as an installation position. The floats 101 are integrally injection molded from food-grade high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polypropylene (PP) and can float naturally on the water surface. The top view of each float 101 is square. The center distance between two adjacent through holes 10101 is 10-12 cm, which allows the roots of two adjacent chive plants to form a continuous root blanket in the later stages of growth (about 14 days later), synergistically absorbing ammonia nitrogen in the water, while avoiding local hypoxia caused by excessive entanglement.

[0014] like Figure 6 As shown, a pair of limiting baffles 102 are symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the float plate 101 and on opposite sides of the through hole 10101. The limiting baffles 102 are integrally injection molded with the float plate 101 and are in the shape of an "L". They include a side baffle 1021 fixedly connected to the float plate 101 and an upper baffle 1022 connected to the top of the side baffle 1021 and extending toward the through hole 10101. An installation channel is formed between the two upper baffles 1022, allowing the planting frame 2 or the buoyancy block 3 to slide in horizontally. A pair of limiting blocks 103 are symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the floating plate 101 and on the other two opposite sides of the through hole 10101. The limiting blocks 103 are located on the outer sides of both ends of the installation channel, and the top of the limiting blocks 103 is lower than the upper baffle 1022. An insertion gap is formed between the two for the planting frame 2 or the buoyancy block 3 to be inserted from top to bottom. Side baffles 1021 are used to restrict the planting frame 2 or buoyancy block 3 from moving to both sides of the installation channel, upper baffles 1022 are used to restrict the planting frame 2 or buoyancy block 3 from floating upwards, and limiting blocks 103 are used to restrict the planting frame 2 or buoyancy block 3 from sliding out along the installation channel. When the planting frame 2 or buoyancy block 3 is installed into the through hole 10101, no matter how the fish collide below or how the water waves fluctuate, both are firmly restricted above the through hole 10101, and will not shift, flip or fall out, ensuring the stability of the planting area and the uniformity of buoyancy distribution.

[0015] The float 101 is also provided with an observation window 104, which is a transparent area or a pre-reserved notch on the float 101, used to observe the growth status of the underwater chive roots and the activity of crucian carp without removing it. In this embodiment, the observation window 104 is located next to the through hole 10101, and is a circular or rectangular opening that penetrates the float 101, with a transparent acrylic plate embedded in the opening.

[0016] like Figure 7 As shown, the planting frame 2 includes a first fixing plate 201. The top view dimensions of the first fixing plate 201 are adapted to the through hole 10101 and the installation channel, so that after the planting frame 2 is inserted through the insertion gap, it can slide along the installation channel to directly above the through hole 10101 and be limited by the limiting baffle 102 and the limiting block 103. A through central hole is opened in the center of the first fixing plate 201. A planting tube 202 for fixing the leek plant is fixedly installed above the central hole. The inner cavity of the planting tube 202 is connected to the central hole 20101 and the through hole 10101 in sequence, allowing the leek roots to pass through and extend into the water. The inside of the planting tube 202 is filled with sponge or planting cotton to fix the rootstock of the leek plant and keep it upright. After the leek seedling is fixed in the planting tube 202, its roots pass through the central hole and the through hole 10101 in sequence and extend downward into the aquaculture water. As the chives grow, their roots gradually extend into the water, forming a hanging root curtain that directly absorbs dissolved nutrients such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrates, and phosphates from the water.

[0017] Buoyancy block 3 is used to fill the through holes 10101 in the non-planting area, such as Figure 8As shown, the buoyancy block 3 includes a second fixing plate 301. The top view contour dimensions of the second fixing plate 301 are adapted to the through hole 10101 and the installation channel, so that after the buoyancy block 3 is inserted through the insertion gap, it can slide along the installation channel to the top of the through hole 10101 and be limited by the limiting baffle 102 and the limiting block 103. The top surface of the second fixing plate 301 is provided with an upwardly protruding sealing block 302. The outer contour of the sealing block 302 is consistent with the outer contour of the planting cylinder 202. The sealing block 302 is used by the operator to clamp or hook to realize the placement and removal of the buoyancy block 3. The sealing block 302 is consistent with the shape of the planting cylinder 202 of the planting frame 2, so that the two form a unified visual arrangement on the floating plate 101.

[0018] Both the planting frame 2 and the buoyancy block 3 are injection molded from the same food-grade HDPE or PP material as the floating plate 101 to ensure material consistency and avoid electrochemical corrosion between different materials.

[0019] The splicing component 4 includes side plates 401 disposed on the edge of the floating plate 101. The side plates 401 are rectangular strips, and each of the four sides of the floating plate 101 is vertically connected to a side plate 401; for example Figure 9 As shown, a rod 402 is bolted to one of the side plates 401. The rod 402 has a positioning groove 40201. The rod 402 is a cylindrical rod, and the positioning groove 40201 is an annular groove located on the side wall of the rod 402 for locking with the positioning post 405. The distal end of the rod 402 is preferably a round or conical head to facilitate insertion.

[0020] On another adjacent side plate 401, at a position corresponding to the insertion rod 402, a locking seat 403 is bolted on. The locking seat 403 has a central insertion hole for the insertion rod 402, the diameter of which matches the outer diameter of the insertion rod 402. Figure 10-11An arc-shaped mounting groove 40301 is provided on the side wall of the locking seat 403. An arc-shaped spring piece 404 is installed in the mounting groove 40301. A positioning pin 405 is connected to the inner side of the spring piece 404. Under the elastic force of the spring piece 404, the positioning pin 405 extends into the positioning groove 40201. An operating rod 406 is connected to the outer side of the spring piece 404. The operating rod 406 is a rod-shaped body, and its outer end extends to the outside of the locking seat 403 for the operator to manually pinch or use a tool to move. The operating rod 406 is used to drive the spring piece 404 to deform outward under the action of external force, so that the positioning pin 405... The positioning post 405 is disengaged from the positioning groove 40201. A receiving groove 40302 is provided on the locking seat 403 at the position corresponding to the positioning post 405. The size of the receiving groove 40302 is larger than the outer diameter of the positioning post 405. It is used to receive the end of the positioning post 405 when the positioning post 405 moves outward, so that the positioning post 405 can be completely withdrawn from the insertion hole 40303. When the operating rod 406 is pulled outward, the spring piece 404 drives the positioning post 405 to move outward into the receiving groove 40302, so that the positioning post 405 is disengaged from the positioning groove 40201, thereby releasing the lock between the two adjacent floating plates 101.

[0021] Several first docking blocks 407 are also provided on the side plate 401 on the same side as the insertion rod 402. The first docking blocks 407 are provided with V-shaped grooves. On the other side plate 401, on the side opposite to the locking seat 403, a second docking block 408 is provided. The second docking block 408 is provided with V-shaped protrusions that match the V-shaped grooves. When two adjacent floating plates 101 are spliced, the insertion rod 402 is inserted into the insertion hole, and the positioning pin 405 is locked into the positioning groove 40201 under the elastic force of the spring piece 404. At the same time, the V-shaped protrusions are embedded in the V-shaped grooves.

[0022] The installation process for splicing component 4 is as follows: The two float plates 101 are brought close together side by side, aligning the insertion rod 402 with the insertion hole of the locking seat 403, while simultaneously aligning the V-groove of the first mating block 407 with the V-shaped protrusion of the second mating block 408. The two float plates 101 are pushed forward towards each other, with the V-shaped protrusion first entering the V-groove. Due to the guiding effect of the V-shaped inclined surface, the two float plates 101 are automatically guided to precise alignment in the horizontal direction. Subsequently, the end of the insertion rod 402 enters the insertion hole, and as the insertion rod 402 continues to penetrate deeper, its end first touches the end of the positioning post 405. Because the end of the insertion rod 402 is round or conical, its inclined surface pushes the positioning post 405 outward, causing the spring piece 404 to deform outward under force. The positioning post 405 retracts into the receiving groove 40302, making room for the passage. The insertion rod 402 continues to penetrate until its positioning groove 40201 reaches the position of the positioning post 405. At this point, the positioning post 405 loses the support of the outer wall of the insertion rod and automatically springs into the positioning groove 40201 under the restoring force of the spring piece 404, locking the insertion rod 402 in the insertion hole 40303. At the same time, the V-shaped protrusion is fully embedded in the V-shaped groove, forming a surface contact fit, resisting the relative rubbing of the two floats 101 in the direction perpendicular to the splicing direction. At this time, the two floats 101 are locked by the fit between the positioning post 405 and the positioning groove 40201, and simultaneously limited by the fit between the V-shaped groove and the V-shaped protrusion, forming a reliable connection with bidirectional constraints.

[0023] The disassembly process of splicing component 4 is as follows: The operator pinches the operating lever 406 with their fingers and pulls it outward (away from the direction of the float 101). The operating lever 406 causes the free end of the spring 404 to deform outward, and the spring 404 causes the positioning pin 405 to move outward. The positioning pin 405 completely exits the positioning groove 40201 and retracts into the receiving groove 40302. At this time, the locking of the insertion rod 402 is released, and the operator pulls the two floats 101 apart in opposite directions. The insertion rod 402 is pulled out of the insertion hole, and at the same time, the V-shaped protrusion disengages from the V-shaped groove, and the two floats 101 are completely separated.

[0024] In this embodiment, each float plate 101 has three splicing components 4 on each of its four sides, located near both ends and the middle of each side, to ensure the connection strength and stability between adjacent float plates 101. For float plates 101 located on the outer edge of the floating bed mechanism 1, the splicing components 4 on their outer sides may not be provided or may be used to connect corner fittings.

[0025] The waste collection mechanism 5 is located at the lowest point of the bottom of the aquaculture pond 9, and is used to collect and deposit fish feces and uneaten feed by gravity. The sludge collection mechanism 5 includes a sludge collection trough 501 located at the bottom of the aquaculture pond 9. The sludge collection trough 501 is a recessed pit on the bottom wall of the aquaculture pond 9, and it is designed as an inverted conical well structure, that is, the side wall of the sludge collection trough 501 gradually narrows inward from top to bottom, forming a conical space that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. A sludge collection cover 502 is installed directly above the sludge collection trough 501 via a support 503. The support 503 includes 3 to 4 vertical or inclined columns. The lower end of the columns is fixed to the bottom of the aquaculture pond 9 or the edge of the sludge collection trough 501, and the upper end of the columns is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sludge collection cover 502. The sludge collection cover 502 is an inverted bell-shaped cover, that is, a barrel-shaped or umbrella-shaped structure with a closed top and an open bottom, and its shape is similar to an inverted bell. The top of the sludge collection cover 502 is arc-shaped or flat, and the side wall is cylindrical or conical with a smaller top and a larger bottom. An annular liquid inlet gap is left between the lower edge of the sludge collection cover 502 and the bottom wall of the inverted conical well structure.

[0026] When the airlift sewage pipe 6 is activated, the negative pressure generated by the airlift effect acts only on the internal space of the sewage collection hood 502. Since the sewage collection hood 502 is an inverted, closed hood, external water cannot enter from the side; it can only be drawn into the hood through the annular inlet gap at the bottom. Under the suction of the negative pressure, the thin, pasty sewage deposited at the bottom of the sewage collection tank 501 flows unidirectionally into the sewage collection hood 502 along with the water flow through the annular inlet gap, and is then sucked in and lifted out by the lower end of the airlift sewage pipe 6. Throughout the sewage discharge process, because the turbulence generated by the airlift is confined within the sewage collection hood 502, it does not diffuse into the aquaculture water outside the sewage collection hood 502. Therefore, the sediment at the bottom is not dispersed throughout the entire aquaculture pond 9, achieving undisturbed sewage discharge.

[0027] The sludge collection hood 502 is made of food-grade HDPE or PP, with a smooth inner wall that does not easily trap dirt. Reinforcing ribs may be installed on the exterior of the sludge collection hood 502 to enhance its structural strength and prevent deformation under water pressure.

[0028] The airlift sewage pipe 6 is vertically installed above the sewage collection mechanism 5. Its lower end passes through the top of the sewage collection trough 501 and extends into the inner space of the enclosure. The upper end of the airlift sewage pipe 6 extends above the water surface and leads to the sewage collection container outside the aquaculture pond 9. The sewage collection container is a plastic bucket or sedimentation tank, used to temporarily store the discharged sewage, which can be used as organic fertilizer for vegetable irrigation. The airlift sewage pipe 6 is a rigid UPVC pipe or HDPE pipe. The airlift sewage pipe 6 is fixed to the pond wall or shore of the aquaculture pond 9 by pipe clamps or brackets, maintaining a vertical position.

[0029] An air supply mechanism 7 is installed on the shoreline of the aquaculture pond 9. The air supply mechanism 7 includes an air pump and an air pipe 701. The air pump is a manual air pump or a small electric air pump, and its outlet is connected to one end of the air pipe 701. The air pipe 701 is a soft rubber or PU tube, with its other end extending downwards along the inner or outer wall of the air-lift sewage pipe 6, and its end extending into the sewage collection hood 502. A microporous air stone 702 is installed at the end of the air pipe 701. The microporous air stone 702 is a cylindrical or spherical ceramic grinding wheel air stone with a surface densely covered with micron-sized pores, capable of cutting the gas input by the air pump into fine bubbles, increasing the gas-liquid contact area, and improving air-lift efficiency. The microporous air stone 702 is suspended inside the sewage collection hood 502 by a support frame 703, which is a rigid support made of metal or plastic and includes at least three radially arranged support rods. The upper end of the support frame 703 is fixed to the lower end of the air-lift sewage pipe 6 (via clamp or threaded connection). The lower end of the support frame 703 is provided with at least three support feet, which support the bottom wall of the sludge collection tank 501 to maintain the stability of the support frame 703. The microporous air stone 702 is tied or snapped to the center of the support frame 703, at a certain distance from the bottom wall of the sludge collection tank 501, to ensure that the air stone does not contact the bottom mud layer (to avoid the micropores being blocked by silt), and at the same time to ensure that the rising air bubbles can carry a sufficient amount of sewage upward before entering the lower end of the air-lift sewage pipe 6.

[0030] The operator presses the air pump or starts the electric air pump, and compressed air is delivered to the microporous air stone 702 through the air pipe 701. The microporous air stone 702 releases a large number of tiny bubbles, which rise in the water inside the sewage collection hood 502. Since the lower end of the air-lift sewage pipe 6 is located directly above the rising path of the bubbles, the bubbles carry the surrounding water into the air-lift sewage pipe 6. As the bubbles rise in the pipe, they expand in volume, forming a density difference between the air and water mixture, generating a strong suction force (air-lift effect), which continuously draws the sewage inside the sewage collection hood 502 upwards, and finally sprays it out from the upper end of the pipe and discharges it into the sewage collection container on the shore.

[0031] The limiting component 8 includes a connecting ring 801 installed on the float 101. The connecting ring 801 is a circular ring or D-shaped ring made of metal or plastic, and is fixed to the side or top edge of the float 101 by bolts or integral injection molding. The connecting ring 801 is connected to the anchor piles of the aquaculture pond 9 bank foundation by a flexible cable 802. The anchor piles are wooden piles, steel pipe piles, or concrete piles driven into the bank foundation soil, and there are at least 3, preferably 4, which are respectively set at the four corners of the aquaculture pond 9. The height of the anchor piles should be higher than the highest design water level of the aquaculture pond 9 to ensure that the cable does not come into contact with the water surface at any water level. The flexible cable 802 is made of high-strength polyethylene or nylon rope. The length of the flexible cable 802 is greater than 1.2 times the designed water depth of the aquaculture pond 9 to ensure that when the water level in the aquaculture pond 9 is at the minimum designed water level, the cable remains slack or slightly tensioned, without restricting the descent of the floating bed mechanism 1. When the water level is at the maximum designed water level, the cable still has slack, preventing the floating bed mechanism 1 from being pulled underwater. The cables between the connecting ring 801 and the anchor piles can be arranged in a "V" or "X" shape to enhance the constraint on the horizontal drift of the floating bed mechanism 1. For example, the connecting ring 801 located at the left front corner of the floating bed connects to the cables of the two anchor piles at the left and right front corners, forming a triangular constraint.

[0032] When the floating bed mechanism 1 is subjected to wind or water flow, the flexible cable 802 is tightened, transferring the horizontal external force to the anchor pile, which is then borne by the shore soil, thus confining the floating bed mechanism 1 to the center of the aquaculture pond 9 or a pre-designated area. When the water level of the aquaculture pond 9 changes due to evaporation, water exchange, or rainfall, the length margin of the flexible cable 802 allows the floating bed mechanism 1 to float freely up and down with the water surface, without tilting or being submerged due to water level changes.

[0033] The working process of this invention is as follows: 1. System Setup Based on the area and shape of the aquaculture pond 9, determine the number and arrangement of the floats 101. Assemble the floats 101 sequentially on the shore or water surface: align the insertion rod 402 of one float 101 with the insertion hole of the adjacent float 101, simultaneously aligning the V-shaped protrusion with the V-shaped groove, and push it in until the positioning post 405 is engaged in the positioning groove 40201; assemble all the floats 101 sequentially to form a complete floating bed mechanism 1. Push the entire floating bed mechanism 1 into the water surface of the aquaculture pond 9, or assemble it directly on the water surface. Connect one end of each of the four flexible cables 802 to the connecting rings 801 at the four corners of the floating bed, and tie the other end to the anchor piles on the shore foundation. Adjust the cable length so that the floating bed is approximately located in the center of the aquaculture pond 9.

[0034] 2. Setting planting density Based on the leek planting plan and water quality targets, the quantity ratio of planting frame 2 to buoyancy block 3 is determined as follows: High-density mode (suitable for early-stage aquaculture or rapid ammonia nitrogen accumulation): Install planting frames 2 in all installation positions, without installing buoyancy blocks 3. For example, install 4 planting frames 2 on each floating plate 101, and the chive planting density is 25 plants / m². 2 At this time, the root system of chives is dense, and the absorption rate of ammonia nitrogen and phosphate in the water is the fastest.

[0035] Low-density mode (suitable for fish stress periods or later stages of aquaculture): Install one planting frame 2 at every other installation position, and install buoyancy blocks 3 at the remaining installation positions. For example, install 2 planting frames 2 and 2 buoyancy blocks 3 on each floating board 101, with a chive planting density of 12.5 plants / m². 2 At this time, the water flow is better, the crucian carp have more room to swim, and their stress response is reduced.

[0036] Zonal density mode: Install high-density planting frames 2 at the water inlet or in areas with high ammonia nitrogen concentration (which can be determined by water quality testing), and install low-density frames at the water outlet or in the feeding area to achieve spatially differentiated purification.

[0037] 3. Leek cultivation Wrap the roots of the chive seedlings in a sponge and insert them into the planting tube 202, allowing the roots to penetrate through the central hole 20101 and the through hole 10101 and extend into the water. Plant 2-3 seedlings per hole. During the growth process, the chive roots directly absorb dissolved nutrients such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrates, and phosphates from the water, thus purifying the water.

[0038] 4. Crucian carp farming and daily management Fish fry of crucian carp are stocked in aquaculture pond 9. Bottom sludge removal is performed twice daily, morning and evening: the operator presses the manual air pump on the shore, and compressed air is sent through air pipe 701 to microporous air stone 702. The air bubbles rise within the sludge collection hood 502, creating an airlift effect that lifts the accumulated wastewater at the bottom of the sludge collection trough 501 through the airlift discharge pipe 6 to a sludge collection container on the shore. During sludge removal, the operator can observe the water flow from the upper end of the airlift discharge pipe 6: if the water is turbid and dark brown, the sludge removal is effective; if the water is clear, it indicates that the sediment in the sludge collection trough 501 has been emptied, and air supply can be stopped in advance. The growth of the chives is regularly observed. The underwater root system is photographed through the observation window 104 using a mobile phone or camera, and growth indicators such as plant height and leaf length are recorded. The planting density is adjusted as needed based on the chive growth height and water quality test results.

[0039] 5. Density switching operation When it is necessary to switch planting density (e.g., from high density to low density), first pull the planting frame 2 out of the installation channel to the insertion gap, and then lift it upwards to remove it. Insert the buoyancy block 3 through the insertion gap in the same way, and slide it directly above the empty through hole 10101 to complete one density switch. The entire operation does not require immersion in water or removal of any bolts.

[0040] 6. Harvesting and replanting of chives When the chives reach the desired height, they can be harvested. Cut them at the base of the pseudostem with scissors, retaining the roots and part of the pseudostem; the chives can continue to regenerate. After each harvest, the absorption rate of ammonia nitrogen will temporarily decrease due to the smaller plant size; in this case, the number of planting frames 2 can be increased (switch to high-density mode) to maintain purification efficiency. The harvested chives can be sold or consumed as a green vegetable.

[0041] 7. System Maintenance Every so often, remove the float 101 from the water and rinse off the algae and biofilm adhering to its surface with a high-pressure water gun. After drying, reinstall it. If the bubbles produced by the microporous air stone 702 become smaller, inject white vinegar into the air pipe 701 interface on the shore base using a syringe. The vinegar will enter the air stone with the airflow. After soaking for 30 minutes, aerate and rinse to dissolve the surface calcium scale and restore the aeration rate.

[0042] The inventors of this invention conducted experimental verification of the hydroponic leek-crucian carp symbiotic system under laboratory conditions. The experiment was conducted in three identical culture ponds (each with a volume of approximately 200L), with separate control groups (pure crucian carp culture, no leeks), low-density leek-crucian carp symbiotic groups (24 leek plants, corresponding to the low-density mode of this invention), and high-density leek-crucian carp symbiotic groups (48 leek plants, corresponding to the high-density mode of this invention). Each treatment group was stocked with 16 crucian carp, with an initial average weight of approximately 80g. The experimental period was 38 days, with days 0-28 being the normal culture stage. On day 28, all treatment groups were subjected to a 4°C cold treatment for 10 minutes before continuing culture until day 38.

[0043] 1. Growth status of chives The growth data of chives co-cultured with crucian carp are shown in Table 1.

[0044] Table 1. Growth of chives in co-culture with crucian carp

[0045] As shown in Table 1, under the same co-cultivation conditions, the chives planted at high density (48 plants) grew significantly faster in length than those planted at low density (24 plants). After 14 days of cultivation, the average length of the high-density chives reached 25–35 cm, while that of the low-density chives was 17–27 cm. This indicates that the more chive plants there are per unit area, the more obvious the synergistic effect of population growth. This is consistent with the design goal of this invention, which is to achieve high-density cultivation by increasing the number of planting frames 2.

[0046] After 14 days of cultivation, the specific measurement data of plant height, leaf length and leaf width of low-density (24 plants) hydroponically grown chives are shown in Table 2.

[0047] Table 2. Plant height, leaf length, and leaf width of low-density (24 plants) hydroponically grown chives after 14 days of co-cultivation with crucian carp and chives.

[0048] Results of high-density hydroponic chive growth: average plant height 24.9±0.56cm; average leaf length 14.2±0.36cm; average leaf width 0.6±0.01cm Table 3. Plant height, leaf length, and leaf width of high-density (48 plants) hydroponically grown chives after 2 weeks of co-cultivation with crucian carp and chives.

[0049] The average plant height of the high-density chives was 24.9±0.56cm, the average leaf length was 14.2±0.36cm, and the average leaf width was 0.6±0.01cm. The standard deviations of all indicators in the high-density group were smaller than those in the low-density group, indicating that the chives grew more uniformly under high-density planting.

[0050] 2. Mortality rate of crucian carp The effects of co-culture on the mortality rate of crucian carp are shown in Table 4.

[0051] Table 4. Effects of co-culture on crucian carp mortality (16 fish per group)

[0052] Table 4 shows that during the normal rearing stage (0–28 days), the mortality rate of crucian carp in the control group was 25.00%, while it was only 6.25% in the low-density leek group and 12.50% in the high-density leek group, indicating that the presence of leeks significantly improved the living environment of crucian carp. After experiencing a 4℃ cold stress treatment (28–38 days), the mortality rate in the control group was still as high as 25.00%, while it was 6.67% in the low-density leek group and rose to 21.43% in the high-density leek group. This indicates that although high-density leeks have high purification efficiency, the dense root system under cold stress conditions may affect the activity space and cold-avoidance behavior of the fish, leading to increased mortality. The total mortality rate over the entire experimental period (0–38 days) showed that the total mortality rate of the low-density leek group was only 12.50%, significantly lower than the 43.75% in the control group and 31.25% in the high-density group.

[0053] The above data fully demonstrates that the density-adjustable design of the present invention has significant practical value. During the normal aquaculture stage, high-density planting (corresponding to the high-density mode of the present invention) can be used to quickly purify the water quality, while under stress conditions such as a sudden drop in temperature, it should be switched to low-density planting (corresponding to the low-density mode of the present invention) in a timely manner to provide fish with more spacious activity space, thereby effectively reducing mortality.

[0054] 3. Growth performance of crucian carp The effects of the co-culture system on the growth performance of crucian carp are shown in Table 5.

[0055] Table 5. Effects of co-culture system on the growth performance of crucian carp (mean±SEM)

[0056] Table 5 shows that during the normal rearing period from 0 to 28 days, the weight of crucian carp in all treatment groups decreased to varying degrees (average daily weight gain was negative), which may be related to environmental adaptation in the early stage of rearing and the low amount of feed. Among them, the weight loss of the high-density leek group was the most significant (-10.2±2.69g), while the control group had the least loss (-6.4±1.08g), indicating that the root system of high-density leeks occupied a large underwater space, which to some extent restricted the activity and feeding of crucian carp.

[0057] Between 28 and 38 days (after cold treatment), the weight of crucian carp in all treatment groups recovered and increased. The high-density chive group had the greatest average daily weight gain (7.5 ± 2.15 g), followed by the low-density chive group (5.7 ± 0.70 g), while the control group had the lowest (3.3 ± 1.45 g). This indicates that after the initial acclimatization period, the presence of chives promoted the growth of crucian carp, which may be related to its effect on improving water quality.

[0058] The data from Tables 4 and 5 show that the low-density leek group had the lowest overall mortality rate (12.50%) among all treatment groups. Although its growth rate was slightly lower than that of the high-density group, considering both survival rate and growth performance, the low-density mode was the most robust farming scheme, while the high-density mode was more suitable for short-term use in specific stages requiring rapid water purification. This further verifies the necessity and practicality of the present invention's method of switching densities by interchangeable planting frames 2 and buoyancy blocks 3.

[0059] 4. Water quality indicators The changes in water quality indicators of each treatment group during the co-cultivation period are shown in Table 6.

[0060] Table 6 Changes in water quality indicators of the co-cultivation system

[0061] As shown in Table 6: In ammonia nitrogen (NH4) +Regarding ammonia nitrogen concentration, all treatment groups showed an increase with prolonged cultivation time, peaking between days 11 and 13 (approximately 35–39 mg / L in the control group, 38–42 mg / L in the low-density group, and 36–39 mg / L in the high-density group). After day 15, ammonia nitrogen concentrations began to decrease in all treatment groups. By day 25, the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the low-density leek group had decreased to 1.80 mg / L, and in the high-density leek group to 8.85 mg / L, while the control group remained as high as 13.75 mg / L. This indicates that leeks have a significant absorption and purification effect on ammonia nitrogen, and the purification effect of the low-density leek group was better than that of the high-density group in the later stages of cultivation (days 20–25), which may be related to the smoother water flow around its roots and higher absorption efficiency.

[0062] In nitrite (NO2) - Regarding nitrite accumulation, all treatment groups showed a peak around day 13, with the low-density group exhibiting the highest peak (1.24 mg / L), followed by the high-density group (0.97 mg / L), and the control group showing the lowest (0.76 mg / L). This may be because nitrification in the leek roots promotes the conversion of ammonia nitrogen to nitrite. After day 15, the nitrite concentration in all treatment groups tended to stabilize, but the low-density group showed a significant second increase on day 25 (5.79 mg / L), indicating that nitrification in low-density leeks may be unstable in the later stages of cultivation.

[0063] In phosphate (PO4) 3- Regarding the phosphate concentration, the concentration of each treatment group continued to increase with the extension of the breeding time. The phosphate accumulation in the low-density group was the most obvious (reaching 9.94 mg / L on day 13), indicating that the absorption rate of phosphate by leeks is lower than that of ammonia nitrogen.

[0064] Regarding dissolved oxygen (DO), the dissolved oxygen concentration of each treatment group remained between 2.5 and 5.3 mg / L throughout the experimental period. The dissolved oxygen level of the control group was slightly higher than that of the leek group, indicating that the respiration of leek roots and microorganisms consumes some of the dissolved oxygen.

[0065] Based on the above experimental data, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) Leeks can effectively absorb ammonia nitrogen in aquaculture water and reduce the ammonia nitrogen concentration to 10% to 60% of the control group level in the later stage of aquaculture.

[0066] (2) High-density chives have a stronger ammonia nitrogen absorption rate in the early stage of cultivation (0-15 days), but low-density chives have a more lasting and stable purification efficiency in the later stage of cultivation (15-25 days).

[0067] (3) The presence of chives significantly reduced the mortality rate of crucian carp (from 43.75% to 12.50% to 31.25%), with the highest survival rate in the low-density chive group.

[0068] (4) High-density chives under cold stress conditions can lead to a significant increase in the mortality rate of crucian carp (from 12.50% to 31.25%), indicating that planting density needs to be reduced under environmental stress conditions.

[0069] The above experimental data fully verify the necessity and technical effect of the core design of this invention, "density switching by interchange of planting frame and buoyancy block" - users can flexibly choose high-density mode (rapid purification) or low-density mode (ensuring fish welfare) according to the breeding stage, water quality and climate conditions, to achieve the optimal balance between ecological and economic benefits.

[0070] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A floating bed-type hydroponic symbiotic and cyclical aquaculture system for chives and crucian carp, characterized in that: The system includes a floating bed mechanism (1), which is installed in a breeding pond (9). The floating bed mechanism (1) has multiple installation positions arranged in an array. Planting frames (2) or buoyancy blocks (3) are detachably installed in each installation position. The planting frames (2) are used to fix the leek plants, and the buoyancy blocks (3) are closed hollow or solid floating bodies. The planting frames (2) and the buoyancy blocks (3) have the same external outline dimensions. They can be selectively installed in either installation position. The planting density of leeks can be switched by adjusting the ratio and spatial arrangement of the planting frames (2) and the buoyancy blocks (3) on the floating bed mechanism (1). The bottom of the aquaculture pond (9) is provided with a sludge collection mechanism (5) for collecting and depositing fish feces and uneaten feed. Above the sludge collection mechanism (5) is an air-lift sludge pipe (6) for lifting and discharging the sediment collected in the sludge collection mechanism (5) to the outside of the aquaculture pond (9). The air-lift sludge pipe (6) is provided with an air supply mechanism (7) for inputting gas into it to generate an air-lift effect.

2. The floating bed-type hydroponic leek and crucian carp symbiotic recirculating aquaculture system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The floating bed mechanism (1) includes several floating plates (101), and two adjacent floating plates (101) are detachably connected together by splicing components (4). Each floating plate (101) has at least one through hole (10101) as the mounting position.

3. The floating bed-type hydroponic leek and crucian carp symbiotic recirculating aquaculture system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A pair of limiting baffles (102) are symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the float (101) and on opposite sides of the through hole (10101). The limiting baffles (102) include a side baffle (1021) fixedly connected to the float (101) and an upper baffle (1022) connected to the top of the side baffle (1021) and extending toward the through hole (10101). An installation channel is formed between the two upper baffles (1022) to allow the planting frame (2) or buoyancy block (3) to slide in horizontally. A pair of limiting blocks (103) are symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the float plate (101) and on the other opposite sides of the through hole (10101). The limiting blocks (103) are located on the outer sides of both ends of the installation channel, and the top of the limiting blocks (103) is lower than the upper baffle (1022). An insertion gap is formed between the two for the planting frame (2) or the buoyancy block (3) to be inserted from top to bottom. The side baffle (1021) is used to restrict the planting frame (2) or buoyancy block (3) from moving to both sides of the installation channel, the upper baffle (1022) is used to restrict the planting frame (2) or buoyancy block (3) from floating upward, and the limiting block (103) is used to restrict the planting frame (2) or buoyancy block (3) from sliding out along the installation channel.

4. The floating bed-type hydroponic leek and crucian carp symbiotic recirculating aquaculture system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The planting frame (2) includes a first fixing plate (201). The top view outline size of the first fixing plate (201) is adapted to the through hole (10101) and the installation channel, so that after the planting frame (2) is inserted through the insertion gap, it can slide along the installation channel to the top of the through hole (10101) and be limited by the limiting baffle (102) and the limiting block (103). The center of the first fixing plate (201) has a through hole. Above the center hole, a planting tube (202) for fixing the leek plant is fixedly installed. The inner cavity of the planting tube (202) is connected to the center hole (20101) and the through hole (10101) in sequence, so that the leek roots can pass through and extend into the water.

5. The floating bed-type hydroponic leek and crucian carp symbiotic recirculating aquaculture system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The buoyancy block (3) includes a second fixing plate (301). The top view profile of the second fixing plate (301) is adapted to the through hole (10101) and the installation channel, so that after the buoyancy block (3) is inserted through the insertion gap, it can slide along the installation channel to the top of the through hole (10101) and be limited by the limiting baffle (102) and the limiting block (103). The top surface of the second fixing plate (301) is provided with an upwardly protruding sealing block (302). The outer contour of the sealing block (302) is consistent with the outer contour of the planting tube (202). The sealing block (302) is used by the operator to clamp or hook to realize the placement and removal of the buoyancy block (3). The sealing block (302) is consistent with the shape of the planting tube (202) of the planting frame (2), so that the two form a unified visual arrangement on the floating plate (101).

6. The floating bed-type hydroponic leek and crucian carp symbiotic recirculating aquaculture system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The float (101) is also provided with an observation window (104).

7. The floating bed-type hydroponic leek and crucian carp symbiotic recirculating aquaculture system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The splicing assembly (4) includes a side plate (401) disposed on the edge of the floating plate (101), wherein a rod (402) is disposed on one of the side plates (401), and a positioning groove (40201) is disposed on the rod (402). On another adjacent side plate (401), a locking seat (403) is provided at a position corresponding to the insertion rod (402). The center of the locking seat (403) is provided with an insertion hole for the insertion rod (402) to be inserted. The side wall of the locking seat (403) is provided with a mounting groove (40301). A spring piece (404) is provided in the mounting groove (40301). A positioning post (405) is provided on the inner side of the spring piece (404). Under the elastic force of the spring piece (404), the positioning post (405) extends into the positioning groove (40201). The outer side of the spring piece (404) is provided with a... An operating lever (406) is provided to deform the spring piece (404) outward under the action of external force, so that the positioning post (405) disengages from the positioning groove (40201); a receiving groove (40302) is provided on the locking seat (403) at the position corresponding to the positioning post (405). When the operating lever (406) is pulled outward, the spring piece (404) drives the positioning post (405) to move outward into the receiving groove (40302), so that the positioning post (405) disengages from the positioning groove (40201), thereby releasing the lock between the two adjacent floating plates (101); On the side plate (401) at the same position as the insertion rod (402), a plurality of first docking blocks (407) are provided, and the first docking blocks (407) are provided with V-shaped grooves; on another side plate (401) and on the side opposite to the locking seat (403), a second docking block (408) is provided, and the second docking block (408) is provided with V-shaped protrusions that match the V-shaped grooves; when two adjacent floating plates (101) are spliced ​​together, the insertion rod (402) is inserted into the insertion hole, and the positioning post (405) is inserted into the positioning groove (40201) under the elastic force of the spring piece (404), while the V-shaped protrusions are embedded in the V-shaped grooves.

8. The floating bed-type hydroponic leek and crucian carp symbiotic recirculating aquaculture system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sludge collection mechanism (5) includes a sludge collection trough (501) set at the bottom of the aquaculture pond (9), the sludge collection trough (501) is set as an inverted conical caisson structure; a sludge collection cover (502) is set on the top of the sludge collection trough (501) through a bracket (503), and an annular liquid inlet gap is left between the lower edge of the sludge collection cover (502) and the bottom wall of the inverted conical caisson structure. The lower end of the air-lift sewage pipe (6) passes through the top of the sewage collection tank (501) and extends into the space inside the cover. The upper end of the air-lift sewage pipe (6) extends above the water surface and leads to the sewage collection container outside the aquaculture pond (9).

9. The floating bed-type hydroponic leek and crucian carp symbiotic recirculating aquaculture system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The gas supply mechanism (7) includes a gas pipe (701), and a microporous gas stone (702) is provided at the end of the gas pipe (701). The microporous gas stone (702) is suspended inside the sludge collection hood (502) by a support frame (703). The upper end of the support frame (703) is located at the lower end of the gas lift sewage pipe (6) and the lower end of the support frame (703) is provided with at least three support legs and is supported on the bottom wall of the sludge collection tank (501).

10. The floating bed-type hydroponic leek and crucian carp symbiotic recirculating aquaculture system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A limiting component (8) is provided between the floating bed mechanism (1) and the shore base of the aquaculture pond (9). The limiting component (8) is used to limit the horizontal drift of the floating bed mechanism (1) and allow the floating bed mechanism (1) to rise and fall with the water level. The limiting component (8) includes a connecting ring (801) disposed on the floating plate (101), the connecting ring (801) being connected to the anchor piles of the shore foundation of the aquaculture pond (9) via a flexible cable (802).

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