Application of hedera saponin and its derivatives in preventing and treating pests

Abstract

The application discloses application of saponin of Hedera genus and derivatives thereof in prevention and treatment of pests. The saponin of Hedera genus and derivatives thereof are easy to obtain; have high biological activity on pests of Hemiptera and Thysanoptera, have no cross resistance with other insecticides; have quick effect, have good prevention and treatment effect on pests of different crops which have resistance to traditional insecticides, have synergistic effect on traditional insecticides; can be applied in prevention and treatment of pests alone, or can be applied in prevention and treatment of pests in combination with other insecticidal active substances and derivatives thereof to form an insecticidal composition, and can be specifically used in prevention and treatment of pests on rice, wheat, peanut, corn, rape, tobacco, cotton, fruit trees, vegetables, tea trees and forest trees, including pests which have resistance to traditional insecticides, and has advantages of high efficiency, low toxicity and good environmental compatibility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant-derived insecticides, and more specifically to the application of ivy saponins and their derivatives in the control of pests. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the transformation of agricultural production methods, the area of ​​monoculture has shown a year-on-year increasing trend, creating favorable conditions for pest outbreaks. At the same time, affected by factors such as abnormal climate change, many small insects have broken out in large numbers, seriously endangering the safe production of crops. Among them, aphids, mealybugs, psyllids, whiteflies, thrips, mirid bugs, leafhoppers, and scale insects are the most rampant. These pests are characterized by their piercing-sucking and rasping-sucking methods, and are characterized by their small size, large population size, strong reproductive capacity, strong concealment, wide range of host plants, serious damage, strong pesticide resistance, and difficulty in control. Many species can also transmit plant viruses (such as peach aphids transmitting potato leafroll virus, and tobacco whiteflies transmitting tomato yellow leaf curl virus) and bacterial diseases (such as citrus Huanglongbing), causing indirect losses that can generally reach 20%-30%, and in severe cases even exceed 50%, seriously restricting the quality and yield of agricultural and forestry products.

[0003] Currently, pesticide spraying is the primary method for controlling pests in agricultural production. The main pesticides registered at this stage include organophosphates, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, kilocalories, and insect growth regulators. Long-term and excessive use of these pesticides has led to severe pesticide resistance in pests, resulting in decreased pesticide efficacy. Due to the limited variety of pesticides available, increasing the frequency and dosage of pesticide application is necessary to ensure control effectiveness, but the results remain unsatisfactory. For example, in some areas, aphids have developed resistance levels to neonicotinoid insecticides such as imidacloprid that are hundreds or even thousands of times higher than normal; whiteflies have also shown significantly increased resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, and conventional dosages are no longer effective in controlling their populations. The development of pesticide resistance not only reduces the effectiveness of pesticides but also increases agricultural production costs and can even lead to pest outbreaks, seriously threatening agricultural safety and easily causing excessive residues and environmental pollution. Faced with the increasingly serious problem of pesticide resistance, developing new, efficient, and green control methods is particularly important. However, the development of insecticides with new structures is costly and time-consuming, while relying on old ones and their derivatives to control resistant pests carries the risk of resistance, making it difficult to meet the needs of agricultural production.

[0004] Plant-derived insecticides are natural active substances extracted or synthesized from plants that kill or repel pests. Compared with traditional insecticides, plant-derived insecticides have several advantages: First, they generally have lower toxicity, are safe for humans and animals, and are environmentally friendly; second, their complex composition makes it difficult for pests to develop resistance; and third, they are widely available, highly renewable, and sustainable.

[0005] Therefore, how to develop a new type of plant-derived insecticide is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide the application of ivy saponins and their derivatives in the control of pests, so as to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] This invention seeks protection for the use of ivy saponins and their derivatives in the control of pests.

[0009] Furthermore, the aforementioned hederaponin and its derivatives include hederaponin (CAS: 465-99-6), Hederaponin A1 (CAS: 106577-39-3), Hederaponin B (CAS: 36284-77-2), Hederaponin C (CAS: 14216-03-6), Hederaponin D (CAS: 760961-03-3), Hederaponin D2 (CAS: 20853-58-1), and Hederaponin D2. A (CAS:17184-21-3), α-hederin (CAS:27013-91-8), β-hederin (CAS:35790-95-5), hederin-28-O-β-D-glucoside (CAS:53931-25-2), hederin H (CAS:128730-82-5), and hymenoplastin D (CAS:12672-45-6).

[0010] Furthermore, the aforementioned ivy saponins and their derivatives can be used alone or in combination with other insecticidal active substances and their derivatives to form an insecticidal composition.

[0011] Furthermore, the aforementioned other insecticidal active substances and their derivatives include neonicotinoid acetylcholine receptor modulators, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, pressure-gated sodium ion channel modulators, insect growth regulators, quaternary ketoester insecticides, diamide insecticides, chloride ion channel modulators, microbial insecticides, plant-derived insecticides, and acaricides.

[0012] Furthermore, the aforementioned nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators include neonicotinoid insecticides, nereistoxin insecticides, and spinosad insecticides;

[0013] Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors include organophosphate esters and carbamates;

[0014] Pressure-gated sodium ion channel modulators include pyrethroid insecticides;

[0015] Insect growth regulators include benzoylurea insecticides, molting disruptors, juvenile hormone analogs, and heterocyclic insecticides;

[0016] Quaternary ketoester insecticides include spirodiclofen, spirotetramat, spirotetramat, and methoxypiperidine ethyl ester;

[0017] Diamide insecticides include chlorantraniliprole, broflanilide, tetrachlorantraniliprole, cyfluthrin, broflanilide, and flubendiamide;

[0018] Chloride channel modulators include phenylpyrazole insecticides and macrolide insecticides;

[0019] Microbial insecticides include Bacillus thuringiensis, abamectin, mibamectin, methyl abamectin, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, nucleopolyhedrovirus, cytoplasmic polyhedrovirus, and granulovirus;

[0020] Plant-derived insecticides include matrine, azadirachtin, rotenone, pyrethrin, azadirachtin, neemin, artemisinin, stemona alkaloid, styracil, pine resin mixture, ryanodine, 2-pinene, and geraniol;

[0021] Acaricides include bromopropylate, propargite, fenbutatin, triazole tin, azoxystrobin, pyridaben, quinacrine, propargite, etoxazole, etoxazole nitrile, fentoxin, cyclohexane, thiamethoxam, amitraz, tetradifon, pyrimethanil, bromopropylate, mineral oil, diflubenzuron, and fluazinam.

[0022] Furthermore, the aforementioned neonicotinoid insecticides include nicotine, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, fipronil, epoxiconazole, flupyrflufenoxam, flonicamid, chlorpyrifos, epoxiconazole, epoxiconazole, and pendimethalin.

[0023] Nerein insecticides include chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos monophosphate, chlorpyrifos ring, and pyrimethanil;

[0024] Spinosad insecticides include spinosad and ethyl spinosad;

[0025] Organophosphate esters include chlorpyrifos, profenofos, dichlorvos, dibromophos, trichlorfon, malathion, phoxim, triazophos, parathion, fenthion, dithion, chlorpyrifos, pyridazin, phorate, dimethoate, dimethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, oxydemeton-methyl, and acephate.

[0026] Carbamates include isoprocarb, methomyl, carbaryl, aldicarb, carbofuran, pirimicarb, carbaryl, thiamethoxam, carbofuran, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, sec-butylcarbide, phenoxycarb, and propoxur;

[0027] Pyrethroid insecticides include cypermethrin, bifenthrin, cypermethrin (α-, β-, γ-, θ-), deltamethrin, cyhalothrin (λ-, β-flucyhalothrin), fenvalerate, flufenoxuron, benzalkonium chloride, permethrin (cis-, trans-), cypermethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, cypermethrin, S-fenvalerate, cypermethrin, γ-flufenoxuron, propargite, methoxyfenozide, tetrafluoroethylene, flufenoxuron, dextromethorphan, flusilylpyrethrin, and benzalkonium chloride.

[0028] Benzoylurea insecticides include diflubenzuron, chlorfenapyr, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, lufenuron, and cyromazine;

[0029] Molting disruptors include tebufenozide, methoxyfenozide, flufenoxuronide, cyclofenozide, and furazolidone;

[0030] Juvenile hormone analogues include acetamiprid, acetamiprid ethyl ester, and phenoxycarb;

[0031] Heterocyclic insecticides include indoxacarb, brofenoxam, metaldehyde, pymetrozine, azoxystrobin, thiamethoxam, fenvalerate, flonicamid, cyromazine, and cypermethrin;

[0032] Phenylepiazole insecticides include fipronil and acetamiprid;

[0033] Macrolide insecticides include abamectin, ivermectin, emamectin benzoate, and emamectin benzoate.

[0034] Furthermore, the aforementioned pests include Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Thysanoptera, Diptera, and mites.

[0035] Furthermore, the aforementioned Hemiptera order includes the superfamilies Aphididae, Psyllididae, Whiteflyidae, Cicadaoidea, Leafhopperidae, Lantulaoidea, Hornhopperidae, Whitefly Family, Scale Insect Family, Scale Insect Family, Scale Insect Family, Ticepidae, Marginal Bug Family, Stink Bug Family, Mirid Bug Family, Long Bug Family, and Red Bug Family;

[0036] The order Thysanoptera includes the families Thripsidae and Tube Thripsidae.

[0037] Furthermore, the aforementioned pests include peach aphids, cotton aphids, apple woolly aphids, bean aphids, wheat aphids, apple yellow aphids, turnip aphids, orange two-pronged aphids, pear two-pronged aphids, rose long-tubed aphids, bamboo aphids, apple gall aphids, tobacco whiteflies, whiteflies, black spiny whiteflies, spiral whiteflies, black-tailed leafhoppers, two-spotted black-tailed leafhoppers, white-winged leafhoppers, large green leafhoppers, apple green leafhoppers, false-eyed green leafhoppers, potato green leafhoppers, and rose leafhoppers. Citrus psyllid, pear psyllid, mulberry psyllid, longan psyllid, olive psyllid, camphor psyllid, mimosa psyllid, bean thrips, flower thrips, western flower thrips, yellow-breasted thrips, rice thrips, melon thrips, banyan thrips, Japanese wax scale, Florida wax scale, arrowhead scale, brown round scale, Korean globular wax scale, grass scale, cottony cushion scale, citrus mealybug, Comstock mealybug, hibiscus mealybug, white wax mealybug.

[0038] An insecticidal composition comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-1000 parts of the above-mentioned ivy saponin and its derivatives, and 1-1000 parts of the above-mentioned other insecticidal active substances and their derivatives, wherein the weight ratio of the two is preferably 1:(0.01-100), more preferably 1:(0.05-20).

[0039] The further beneficial effect of the above-mentioned method is that ivy saponins and their derivatives, as well as other insecticidal active substances and their derivatives, have a synergistic effect and can broaden the insecticidal spectrum, making them suitable for formulation into pesticides for pest control.

[0040] Furthermore, the aforementioned hederaponin and its derivatives include hederaponin, hederaponin C, hederaponin D, α-hederaponin, and β-hederaponin;

[0041] The other insecticidal active substances and their derivatives mentioned above include imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, flupyrflufenoxam, flonicamid; chlorpyrifos, profenofos, phoxim; cypermethrin, bifenthrin, deltamethrin; lufenuron, indoxacarb, thiamethoxam, pymetrozine, flonicamid; spirotetramat, spirodiclofen; spinosad, abamectin.

[0042] Furthermore, the other insecticidal active substances and their derivatives mentioned above include acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, bifenthrin, spirotetramat, lufenuron, pymetrozine, emamectin benzoate, and flonicamid.

[0043] Furthermore, the above-mentioned ivy saponins and their derivatives, either alone or in combination, can be formulated into suspensions, emulsions, microemulsions, emulsifiable concentrates, microcapsule suspensions, soluble granules, and wettable powders, which are then applied by spraying to control piercing-sucking pests.

[0044] As can be seen from the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0045] The raw materials of vine saponin and its derivatives are readily available; they have high biological activity against Hemiptera and Thysanoptera pests and do not exhibit cross-resistance with other insecticides; they are fast-acting and have a good control effect on piercing-sucking pests on different crops that have developed resistance to traditional insecticides, and they have a synergistic effect on traditional insecticides; they can be used alone for pest control, or they can be combined with other insecticidal active substances and their derivatives to form an insecticidal composition for pest control. Specifically, they can be used to control pests on rice, wheat, peanuts, corn, rapeseed, tobacco, cotton, fruit trees, vegetables, tea trees, and forest trees, including pests that have developed resistance to traditional insecticides, and have the advantages of high efficiency, low toxicity, and good environmental compatibility. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 A 3D overall image of the binding of the peach aphid MpeABCC_4G protein (left) and hederidine C (right);

[0047] Figure 2 The structural formula of ivy saponin;

[0048] Figure 3 The structural formula of ivyside C;

[0049] Figure 4 The structural formula of Black Sea ivy glycoside A1;

[0050] Figure 5 The structural formula of ivyside B;

[0051] Figure 6 The structural formula of hedyoside D;

[0052] Figure 7 The structural formula of cypermethrin A;

[0053] Figure 8 The structural formula of hedyoside D2;

[0054] Figure 9 The structural formula of hedyoside H;

[0055] Figure 10 The structural formula of α-hederone;

[0056] Figure 11 The structural formula of β-hederone;

[0057] Figure 12 The structural formula of ivy saponin-28-O-β-D-glucose ester glycoside is shown.

[0058] Figure 13 The structural formula of cypermethrin D;

[0059] Figure 14The resistance multiples of field multi-resistant populations of peach aphid, tobacco whitefly, and citrus psyllid to hederagenin and its derivatives and other insecticides. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] Hederone and its derivatives are flavonoids and their derivatives with specific chemical structures, widely found in plants such as Chinese ivy and soapberry. Currently, they are mainly used in traditional Chinese medicine for disease treatment. These compounds and their derivatives have been shown to possess broad-spectrum pharmacological activities, including anti-dyslipidemia, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects.

[0062] The applicant isolated an ABC transporter protein from the peach aphid that is associated with the aphid's resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides (patent granted: A protein, gene, and application related to the resistance of the peach aphid to nAChR competitive regulator insecticides (ZL 2024 1 1053547.8)). During virtual screening, molecular docking and in vivo inhibition experiments showed that ( Figure 1 Hederone and its derivatives are highly effective inhibitors of the ABC transporter protein MpeABCC_4G protein in peach aphids. Further bioassay results show that hederone and its derivatives have high activity against piercing-sucking pests such as aphids, whiteflies, psyllids, scale insects, and leafhoppers.

[0063] The term "synergistic effect" is specifically understood as a co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) ≥ 120.

[0064] The term "co-toxicity coefficient" is specifically understood as a quantitative evaluation index that measures the combined effect of two or more agents on harmful organisms when used together. It is calculated based on the co-toxicity coefficient formula proposed by Sun Yunpei in 1960.

[0065] Co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) formula: CTC = ATI / TTI × 100; where ATI is the measured toxicity index of the mixture, and TTI is the theoretical toxicity index of the mixture; a co-toxicity coefficient ≤ 80 indicates antagonistic effect, 80~120 indicates additive effect, and ≥ 120 indicates synergistic effect.

[0066] The formula for the measured toxicity index (ATI) is: ATI = LC of the standard insecticide. 50 LC of the mixture 50 ×100; where LC 50The intermediate lethal concentration refers to the concentration of a standard insecticide or mixture required to kill half of the insects within 48 hours using a direct spraying method.

[0067] Theoretical Toxicity Index (TTI) is calculated as follows: TTI = ATI of Agent A × Percentage of Agent A in the Mixture (%) + ATI of Agent B × Percentage of Agent B in the Mixture (%).

[0068] Example 1: Toxicity determination of hederonegenin and its derivatives against different pests

[0069] Whiteflies, orange mealybugs, small green leafhoppers, bean thrips, citrus psyllids, and peach aphids were propagated in the greenhouse of the Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, using eggplant, citrus, tea, broad beans, lemons, and tobacco, respectively.

[0070] Toxicity assays are one method for determining the toxicity of compounds to target pests, providing important reference for comprehensively evaluating the control potential of these compounds. This study determined the toxicity of hederagenin and its derivatives to whiteflies, citrus mealybugs, leafhoppers, bean thrips, citrus psyllids, and peach aphids, aiming to clarify their biological activity against these pests.

[0071] The determination of hederaponin and its derivatives (structural formulas are shown below) was performed using the immersion method. Figure 2-13 (As shown) Toxicity against different pests, six different concentrations of the compound were prepared using 0.1% Triton-100. Eggplant, broad bean, and tobacco leaves, as well as citrus, tea, and lemon branches, were immersed in the solutions at different concentrations for 20 seconds, then air-dried indoors. Target pests were then introduced, and pest mortality was assessed after 48 hours. The median lethal concentration (LC50) was calculated using Probit regression. 50 The values ​​are shown in Table 1.

[0072] Table 1. Median lethal concentration (LC50) of hederonesenosides and their derivatives against different pests. 50 value

[0073] As shown in Table 1, ivy saponins and their derivatives all exhibit high biological activity against the tested pests.

[0074] Example 2: Synergistic effect of hedyotis diffusin, hedyotis diffusin C, and insecticides with different mechanisms of action

[0075] The results are shown in Table 2-3.

[0076] Table 2. Indoor toxicity of hedyotis diffusin, hedyotis diffusin C, and insecticides with different mechanisms of action against whiteflies and citrus psyllids.

[0077] As shown in Table 2, according to the CTC formula, the co-toxicity coefficients of hederagenin, hederagenin C, spirotetramat, cypermethrin, acetamiprid, and bifenthrin in different proportions against whiteflies and citrus psyllids are all greater than 120. This indicates that compared with single agents, the combination of hederagenin, hederagenin C, and these insecticides has a synergistic effect on the toxicity of whiteflies and citrus psyllids.

[0078] Table 3. Indoor toxicity tests and co-toxicity coefficients (CTC) of hederaserin, hederasein C, and insecticides with different mechanisms of action against *Citrus tangerine mealybug* and *Prunus persica*.

[0079] Table 3 shows that, according to the CTC formula, the co-toxicity coefficients of hederagenin, hederagenin C, spirotetramat, thiamethoxam, lambda-cyhalothrin, and thiamethoxam in different proportions against citrus mealybug and peach aphid are all greater than 120. This indicates that, compared with single agents, the combination of hederagenin, hederagenin C, and these insecticides has a synergistic effect on the toxicity of citrus mealybug and peach aphid.

[0080] Example 3: Cross-resistance between hedyotis diffusa and its derivatives and other insecticides

[0081] Field populations of peach aphids, whiteflies, and citrus psyllids were collected, and the LC50 of different insecticides was determined. 50 ( Figure 14 The resistance multiple was calculated by comparing the pests with susceptible populations. A resistance multiple of less than 5 indicated that no resistance had developed. The results showed that the field populations of the three pests developed resistance to insecticides such as acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, spirotetramat, pymetrozine, flupyrflufenoxam, flonicamid, flonicamid, and diprofen. However, they did not develop resistance to hederadenosine derivatives such as genistein, β-hederine, hederin H, hederin C, hederin D, and hederin B. This indicates that hederadenosine and its derivatives do not exhibit cross-resistance with insecticides such as acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, spirotetramat, pymetrozine, flupyrflufenoxam, flonicamid, flonicamid, and diprofen.

[0082] Example 4: Single-dose formulation containing hederamin and its derivatives

[0083] Weigh out 22% hederastatin, 8.5% BG806 (Xi'an Xige Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), 2.5% laurocapram, 8% sodium methylene bis(naphthalene) sulfonate (NNO) dispersant, 4.5% castor oil polyoxyethylene ether emulsifier, 3.5% xanthan gum, 1.5% APE-0310 defoamer, and 0.7% methylisothiazolinone (MIT), with the remainder added to water. Prepare a 22% hederastatin suspension through pre-dispersion, high-speed shear mixing, and ultrafine grinding.

[0084] Example 5: Single-dose formulation containing hederamin and its derivatives

[0085] Weigh out 20% hederastatin, 7.3% sodium dodecyl sulfonate, 1.8% tea saponin, 8.8% dispersant NNO, 11.7% binder sodium carboxymethyl starch, 4% polyvinyl alcohol, and 46.4% kaolin. Prepare 20% hederastatin water-dispersible granules through premixing, pulverizing, kneading, granulation, drying, and sieving.

[0086] Example 6: Single-dose formulation containing hederamin and its derivatives

[0087] Weigh out 10% hedyotis diffusa C, 3.5% octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, 5% calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (agricultural emulsion 500#), 3% sorbitan monooleate (Span-80#), 1.5% ethoxylated sorbitan ester, 20% cyclohexanone, 8% butanol, 5% ethylene glycol, 0.5% gum arabic, 0.5% benzoic acid, 0.1% defoamer APE-0310, and add deionized water to 100% by weight. Mix the above raw materials and emulsify using high-speed shearing to obtain a 10% hedyotis diffusa C aqueous emulsion.

[0088] Example 7: Single-dose formulation containing hederamin and its derivatives

[0089] Weigh out 30% α-hederameptin, 5% propylene glycol, 0.4% magnesium aluminum silicate, 6% isotridecyl polyoxyethylene ether, and 1.5% defoamer SAG. TM 1572, 6.5% Tergitol TMN-6 (Dow Chemical Company), 0.85% peracetic acid, 0.15% sodium acetate, 0.03% xanthan gum, 0.3% 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one (BIT), and deionized water to 100% by weight. The above raw materials were mixed, dispersed by high-speed shearing for 30 min, and then milled using a sand mill to obtain a 300 g / L α-hederone suspension.

[0090] Example 8: Insecticide composition containing hederamine and its derivatives

[0091] Weigh out 15% spirotetramat, 15% hederaside C, 4.9% propylene glycol, 0.2% magnesium aluminum silicate, 14% tridecanol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, and 0.6% defoamer SAG. TM 1572, 0.3% defoamer SAG TM1538, 3% Tersperse 2500 (a product of the Indulamar Group), 1% Tersperse 2218 (a product of the Indulamar Group), 0.82% peracetic acid, 0.16% sodium acetate, 0.3% BIT, 0.1% xanthan gum, and deionized water were added to a final weight of 100%. The above raw materials were mixed, dispersed under high-speed shear for 30 minutes, and then milled using a sand mill to obtain a 30% spirotetramat·hederin C suspension.

[0092] Example 9: Insecticide composition containing hederaponin and its derivatives

[0093] Weigh out 18% thiamethoxam, 12% hederaside C, 5% propylene glycol, 0.35% magnesium aluminum silicate, 6% Tersperse 2218, 1.5% defoamer SAGTM 1572, 6.2% Tergitol TMN-6 (Dow Chemical product), 0.85% peracetic acid, 0.15% sodium acetate, 0.03% xanthan gum, and 0.3% BIT, and add deionized water to 100% by weight. Mix the above raw materials, disperse them under high-speed shear for 30 minutes, and then grind them using a sand mill to obtain a 300 g / L spirotetramat·hederaside C suspension.

[0094] Example 10: Insecticide composition containing hederamine and its derivatives

[0095] Weigh out 34% acetamiprid, 6% hederaside C, 4.9% propylene glycol, 0.2% magnesium aluminum silicate, 14% tridecanol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, 5% Tersperse 2500, 0.65% defoamer SAGTM 1572, 2.3% isotretinoin polyoxyethylene ether, 1.55% Atlas G5002L (Heda Agricultural Products), 0.82% peracetic acid, 0.16% sodium acetate, 0.1% xanthan gum, and 0.3% BIT, and add deionized water to 100% by weight. Mix the above raw materials, disperse them under high-speed shear for 30 minutes, and then grind them using a sand mill to obtain a 40% acetamiprid·hederaside C suspension.

[0096] Example 11: Insecticide composition containing hederamine and its derivatives

[0097] Weigh out 34% flonicamid, 6% hederastatin, 8.5% ammonium sulfate, 5% Tersperse 2020 (Yindulama Group product), 3.5% TERWET 1004 (Yindulama Group product), 1.5% Morwet EFW (AkzoNobel product), and 1% glucose, and add α-lactose hydrate to a final weight of 100%. After mixing, pulverizing, dry grinding, granulation, and sieving, obtain 40% flonicamid·hederastatin water-dispersible granules.

[0098] Example 12: Insecticide composition containing hederamine and its derivatives

[0099] Weigh out 36% lufenuron, 4% hederaside C, 8% ammonium sulfate, 4.8% Tersperse 2020, 3.5% TERWET1004, 1.2% Morwet EFW, and 1.5% silica, and add diatomaceous earth to a final weight of 100%. Mix, pulverize, dry grind, granulate, and sieve to obtain 40% lufenuron·hederaside C water-dispersible granules.

[0100] Example 13: Insecticide composition containing hederamine and its derivatives

[0101] Weigh out 26% pymetrozine, 14% hederaside C, 8% ammonium sulfate, 5% Tersperse 2020, 3% TERWET1004 (wetting agent), 1% Morwet EFW, 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (binder), and 52% α-lactose-hydrate, and add to a final weight of 100%. Mix, pulverize, dry grind, granulate, and sieve to obtain 40% pymetrozine·hederaside C water-dispersible granules.

[0102] Example 14: Insecticide composition containing hederamine and its derivatives

[0103] Weigh out 20% high-efficiency cypermethrin, 2% hederaside C, 6% agricultural emulsifier 500#, 5% Ningru 33#, 2.5% Tween-80, 1% NNO, 4% cyclohexanone, 2% n-butanol, 1% azone, and 0.5% BHT, and add solvent oil S-150 to a final weight of 100%. Mix the above ingredients and stir until completely dissolved to obtain a 22% high-efficiency cypermethrin·hederaside C emulsifiable concentrate.

[0104] Example 15: Insecticide composition containing hederamine and its derivatives

[0105] Weigh out 16% spirotetramat, 4% hederastatin, 7.5% agricultural emulsion 2201#, 1.5% NNO, 11% methanol, 2.5% ethylene glycol, 1.5% azone, and 1% BHT, and add deionized water to 100% by weight. Mix the above raw materials and stir until completely dissolved to obtain a 20% spirotetramat·hederastatin microemulsion.

[0106] Example 16: Insecticide composition containing hederamine and its derivatives

[0107] Weigh out 8% bifenthrin, 2% hederastatin, 7.5% agricultural emulsion 2201#, 1.5% NNO, 11% methanol, 2.5% ethylene glycol, 1.5% azone, and 1% BHT, and add deionized water to 100% by weight. Mix the above raw materials and stir until completely dissolved to obtain a 10% bifenthrin·hederastatin microemulsion.

[0108] Example 17: Insecticide composition containing hederaponin and its derivatives

[0109] Weigh out 30% thiamethoxam, 10% hederastatin, 6% NNO, 1.5% TERSPERSE 2700, 3% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 2.5% agricultural emulsion 2000, 6% diatomaceous earth, and kaolin, and add to 100% by weight. Mix the above raw materials and then perform air jet milling to obtain a 40% thiamethoxam·hederastatin wettable powder.

[0110] Example 18: Insecticide composition containing hederamine and its derivatives

[0111] Weigh out 34% pyriproxyfen, 6% hederaside C, 5% calcium lignosulfonate, 2% GY-DO2 (Beijing Guangyuan Yinong), 3% Morwet EFW (AkzoNobel product), 4% silica, and kaolin, and add to a final weight of 100%. Mix the above raw materials and then perform air jet milling to obtain a 40% pyriproxyfen·hederaside C wettable powder.

[0112] Example 19: Insecticide composition containing hederamine and its derivatives

[0113] Weigh out 19% indoxacarb, 1% hederaside C, 22% solvent oil Solvesso 150 (ExxonMobil), 0.5% decanal, 0.02% PAPI (Dow Chemical), 0.05% diethylenetriamine, 0.01% polyvinyl alcohol, 0.006% bentonite, 0.0008% xanthan gum, and 0.007% Atlox™ 4921 (Heda Agriculture), and add deionized water to 100% by weight. The above materials are subjected to interfacial polymerization, shear emulsification, and other processes to prepare a 19% indoxacarb·hederaside C microcapsule suspension.

[0114] Example 20: Field trial for the control of cowpea thrips

[0115] In July 2024, a field efficacy trial was conducted in Shangyuan Village, Xiaosong Town, Jian'ou City, Fujian Province, to control cowpea thrips using 10% hedyotis C emulsifiable concentrate and 300 g / L thiamethoxam·hedyotis C (18+12) (300 g / L, 180+120) suspension concentrate. The trial verified the efficacy of the pesticides against thrips and their safety in cowpea. The test crop was cowpea, and the target pests were bean thrips (Megalurothrips usitatus), yellow-breasted thrips (Thrips hawaiiensis), and flower thrips (Frankliniella intonsa). The experimental agents and dosages were 10% cypermethrin emulsion at 1000, 2000, and 3000 times dilution; 300 g / L thiamethoxam·cypermethrin C suspension at 2000, 3000, and 4000 times dilution; and 25% thiamethoxam water-dispersible granules at 3000 times dilution. Conventional spraying was used. The initial insect population was assessed before application. Residual insects were assessed 1, 3, 7, and 10 days after application. Five plants were surveyed per plot, and five leaves were examined from each plant in each of the four cardinal directions (north, south, east, and west), for a total of 25 leaves per plot. The number of live insects was recorded, and the control effect was statistically analyzed.

[0116] Method for calculating the effectiveness of prevention:

[0117] Prevention and control efficacy (%) = (1 - (CK0 × PT1) / (CK1 × PT0)) × 100%;

[0118] Where: PT0: insect population before treatment in the treatment area; PT1: insect population after treatment in the treatment area; CK0: insect population before treatment in the control area; CK1: insect population after treatment in the control area;

[0119] Table 4. Results of thrips control trials using 10% hedyotis diffusa emulsion and 300 g / L thiamethoxam·hedyotis diffusa suspension.

[0120] 10% Hederamin C emulsion 1000 78.55ab 78.11b 83.62b 81.74b 10% Hederamin C emulsion 2000 75.75b 75.42b 83.27b 78.35bc 10% Hederamin C emulsion 3000 76.92b 77.73b 88.19ab 78.76bc 30% Thiamethoxam·Hedyotis diffusa C suspension 2000 88.36a 93.02a 94.44a 89.42a 30% Thiamethoxam·Hedyotis diffusa C suspension 3000 86.18a 93.98a 95.12a 87.63a 30% Thiamethoxam·Hedyotis diffusa C suspension 4000 85.84a 88.98ab 93.77a 84.64a 25% Thiamethoxam Water Dispersible Granules 3000 64.59c 79.58b 82.73b 72.73c

[0121] Table 4 shows the biostatistical analysis of the control efficacy of each plot after application. The results indicate that at 7 and 10 days after application, the 2000, 3000, and 4000 times dilution of 300 g / L thiamethoxam·hederin C suspension concentrate was significantly more effective against thrips than the 3000 times dilution of 25% thiamethoxam water-dispersible granules. The control efficacy of 2000 and 3000 times dilution of 10% hederin water emulsion at 3, 7, and 10 days was not significantly different from that of 3000 times dilution of 5% thiamethoxam water-dispersible granules, while the control efficacy of 1000 times dilution at 10 days was significantly higher than that of 3000 times dilution of 5% thiamethoxam water-dispersible granules.

[0122] The experimental results show that gypenosin C has better and more sustained efficacy against thrips than or comparable to thiamethoxam. When thiamethoxam and gypenosin C are mixed, the rapid and sustained efficacy against thrips is significantly improved, the dosage is greatly reduced, and the product is safe for cowpeas.

[0123] Example 21: Field trial for the control of whiteflies

[0124] In September 2024, a field efficacy trial was conducted in Kongyuan Village, Baisha Town, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, to control whiteflies using 10% hydrazide emulsifiable concentrate and 300 g / L spirotetramat·hydrazide C (15+15) (300 g / L, 150+150) suspension concentrate. The trial verified the efficacy of the pesticides against whiteflies and their safety on eggplant. The test crop was eggplant, and the target pest was the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). The tested pesticides and dosages were: 10% hydrazide emulsifiable concentrate at 1000, 2000, and 3000 times dilution; 300 g / L spirotetramat·hydrazide C suspension concentrate at 2000, 3000, and 4000 times dilution; and 224 g / L spirotetramat suspension concentrate at 4000 times dilution. Conventional spraying was used. Before applying the pesticide, investigate the initial insect population. After application, investigate the number of residual insects at 1, 3, 7, and 10 days. Each plot should be 15m² during the investigation. 2 Ten eggplants were planted in each of the four cardinal directions (north, south, east, and west) and the number of live insects was recorded to statistically analyze the control effect.

[0125] Table 5. Results of experiments on the control of whiteflies using 10% hedyotis diffusa emulsion and 300 g / L spirotetramat·hedyotis diffusa suspension.

[0126] 10% Hederamin C emulsion 1000 77.25b 91.13ab 95.03ab 92.37b 10% Hederamin C emulsion 2000 79.60b 89.29b 96.68ab 93.77b 10% Hederamin C emulsion 3000 76.03b 90.40ab 94.76b 94.48ab 300g / L Spirotetramethrin·Hedyotis diffusa C Suspension 2000 86.65a 94.08a 99.22a 97.09a 300g / L Spirotetramethrin·Hedyotis diffusa C Suspension 3000 85.81a 93.11a 99.15a 97.60a 300g / L Spirotetramethrin·Hedyotis diffusa C Suspension 4000 84.20a 94.24a 98.75a 96.74a 224 g / L Spirotetramethrin Suspension 4000 68.24c 88.28b 92.94b 92.21b

[0127] Table 5 shows the biostatistical analysis of the control efficacy in each plot after pesticide application. The results indicate that at 7 and 10 days after application, the control efficacy of 300 g / L spirotetramat·hederin C suspension at dilutions of 2000, 3000, and 4000 times was significantly higher than that of 224 g / L spirotetramat suspension at dilution of 4000 times. The control efficacy of 10% hederin emulsion at dilutions of 1000, 2000, and 3000 times was not significantly different from that of 224 g / L spirotetramat suspension at dilution of 4000 times after 3, 7, and 10 days, but the control efficacy of 1000 times treatment at dilution was significantly higher than that of 224 g / L spirotetramat suspension at dilution of 4000 times after 1 day.

[0128] The experimental results show that gypenosin C has better and more sustained efficacy against whiteflies than or comparable to spirotetramat. When spirotetramat is mixed with gypenosin C, the rapid and sustained efficacy against whiteflies is significantly improved, the dosage is greatly reduced, and it is safe for eggplant.

[0129] Example 22: Field trial for the control of citrus psyllids

[0130] In July 2025, a field efficacy trial was conducted in Xixi Village, Huyang Town, Yongchun County, Fujian Province, to control citrus psyllids using 10% hydrazinoside C emulsifiable concentrate and 40% lufenuron·hydrazinoside C (36+4) water-dispersible granules. The trial verified the efficacy of the pesticides against citrus psyllids and their safety for citrus. The test crop was tangerine, and the target pest was citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri). The tested pesticides and dosages were: 10% hydrazinoside C emulsifiable concentrate at 1000, 2000, and 3000 times dilution; 40% lufenuron·hydrazinoside C water-dispersible granules at 2000, 3000, and 4000 times dilution; and 100 g / L lufenuron suspension at 3000 times dilution. Conventional spraying was used. The initial pest population was assessed before application, and the residual pest count was assessed 1, 3, 7, and 10 days after application. Each plot was 60 m². 2 For each treatment of 2 trees, 12 tender shoots were taken from each tree in the four directions of east, west, south, and north, and the number of live insects was recorded to statistically analyze the control effect.

[0131] Table 6. Results of trials on the control of citrus psyllids using 10% hedyotis diffusa emulsion and 40% lufenuron·hedyotis diffusa water-dispersible granules.

[0132] 10% Hederamin C emulsion 1000 86.41b 89.58b 96.47a 92.30a 10% Hederamin C emulsion 2000 85.21b 90.73b 96.81a 86.47b 10% Hederamin C emulsion 3000 70.48c 82.37c 93.92b 85.42b 40% Lufenuron·Hedyoside C Water Dispersible Granules 2000 91.63a 91.59b 98.32a 93.61a 40% Lufenuron·Hedyoside C Water Dispersible Granules 3000 88.13ab 95.05a 97.87a 93.76a 40% Lufenuron·Hedyoside C Water Dispersible Granules 4000 89.26ab 89.38b 96.95a 92.08a 100g / L Lufenuron Suspension 3000 64.21c 81.00c 90.14c 84.17b

[0133] Table 6 shows the biostatistical analysis of the control efficacy of each plot after application. The results indicate that at 3, 7, and 14 days after application, the control efficacy of 40% lufenuron·hederin C water-dispersible granules at 2000, 3000, and 4000 times dilution against citrus psyllids was significantly higher than that of 100 g / L lufenuron suspension at 3000 times dilution. The control efficacy of 10% hederin water-emulsion at 1000, 2000, and 3000 times dilution at 7 and 10 days after application was significantly higher than that of 100 g / L lufenuron suspension at 3000 times dilution.

[0134] The experimental results show that gypenosin C has better and more sustained efficacy against citrus psyllids than or comparable to that of lufenuron. When lufenuron is mixed with gypenosin C, the efficacy against citrus psyllids is significantly improved, the dosage is greatly reduced, and the treatment is safe for citrus.

[0135] Example 23: Field trial for the control of rice planthoppers

[0136] In July 2025, a field efficacy trial was conducted in Wuchun Village, Youyang Town, Xianyou County, Putian City, to control rice planthoppers using 10% gypsum C emulsifiable concentrate and 40% pymetrozine·gypsum C (26+14) water-dispersible granules (Formulation Example 10). The trial verified the efficacy of the pesticides against rice planthoppers and their safety in rice. The test crop was rice, and the target planthoppers were brown planthopper (Nilaparvatalugens) and gray planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus). The tested pesticides and dosages were: 22% gypsum C suspension concentrate at 800, 1500, and 2000 times dilution; 40% pymetrozine·gypsum C water-dispersible granules at 2000, 3000, and 4000 times dilution; and 25% pymetrozine wettable powder at 2000 times dilution. Conventional spraying was used. Before applying the pesticide, investigate the initial insect population. After application, investigate the number of residual insects at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. Each plot should be 100m² during the investigation. 2 Ten points were surveyed in each area using the parallel skip method, with two clusters at each point, for a total of 20 clusters. The number of live insects was recorded, and the control effect was statistically analyzed.

[0137] Table 7. Results of trials on the control of rice planthoppers using 10% hederaside C emulsion and 40% pymetrozine·hederaside C water-dispersible granules.

[0138] 10% Hederamin C emulsion 800 81.99b 92.85a 92.80ab 89.10bc 10% Hederamin C emulsion 1500 74.81c 94.16a 90.02b 89.03bc 10% Hederamin C emulsion 2000 73.65c 82.59c 81.08c 80.11d 40% Pymetrozine·Hedyotis diffusa C Water Dispersible Granules 2000 89.30a 96.31a 96.31a 95.68a 40% Pymetrozine·Hedyotis diffusa C Water Dispersible Granules 3000 84.16ab 95.02a 94.65a 91.34ab 40% Pymetrozine·Hedyotis diffusa C Water Dispersible Granules 4000 81.99b 92.85ab 94.25a 89.10bc 25% Pymetrozine Wettable Powder 2000 71.88c 90.84b 90.04b 84.81cd

[0139] Table 7 shows the biostatistical analysis of the control efficacy of each plot after pesticide application. The results indicate that at 7, 14, and 21 days after pesticide application, the control efficacy of 40% pymetrozine·hederine C water-dispersible granules at 2000 and 3000 times dilution against rice planthoppers was significantly higher than that of 25% pymetrozine wettable powder at 2000 times dilution. The control efficacy of 10% hederine C water emulsion at 800 and 1500 times dilution at 3, 7, and 14 days after pesticide application was significantly higher than that of 25% pymetrozine wettable powder at 2000 times dilution.

[0140] The experimental results show that ivy glycoside C has better and more sustained efficacy against rice planthoppers than or comparable to pymetrozine. When pymetrozine is mixed with ivy glycoside C, the efficacy against rice planthoppers is significantly improved, the dosage is greatly reduced, and the planthoppers are safe for rice.

[0141] Example 24: Field trial for controlling cabbage aphids

[0142] In October 2025, a field efficacy trial was conducted in Xintang Village, Dahu Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou City, to control aphids using 20% ​​hederastatin water-dispersible granules and 40% flonicamid·hederastatin (34+6) water-dispersible granules. The trial verified the efficacy of the pesticides against rice planthoppers and their safety in rice. The test crop was Chinese cabbage, and the target aphids were peach aphid (Myzus persicae) and turnip aphid (Lipaphis erysimi). The tested pesticides and dosages were: 20% hederastatin at 1000, 2000, and 3000 times dilution; 40% flonicamid·hederastatin water-dispersible granules at 2000, 3000, and 4000 times dilution; and 40% flonicamid·hederastatin water-dispersible granules at 2000 times dilution. Conventional spraying was used. Before applying the pesticide, investigate the initial insect population. After application, investigate the number of residual insects at 1, 3, 7, and 10 days. Each plot should be 25m². 2 Ten points were surveyed in each area using the parallel skip method, with one cabbage plant at each point, for a total of 10 plants. The number of live aphids on each cabbage plant was recorded, and the control effect was statistically analyzed.

[0143] Table 8. Results of trials on the control of Chinese cabbage aphids using 20% ​​hederastatin water-dispersible granules and 40% flonicamid·hederastatin water-dispersible granules.

[0144] 20% Ivysaponin Water Dispersible Granules 1000 84.51ab 97.55a 94.47abc 92.61b 20% Ivysaponin Water Dispersible Granules 2000 81.35ab 95.63ab 96.55a 90.76b 20% Ivysaponin Water Dispersible Granules 3000 80.49b 92.80bc 93.90bc 91.61b 40% Flupyridine·Hedyotis diffusa water-dispersible granules 2000 88.89a 96.37a 97.81a 95.67a 40% Flupyridine·Hedyotis diffusa water-dispersible granules 3000 89.24a 97.09a 97.12a 96.99a 40% Flupyridine·Hedyotis diffusa water-dispersible granules 4000 84.32ab 95.22ab 96.94a 92.96b 10% Flupyradifurone Water Dispersible Granules 1500 72.92c 86.01d 90.60c 91.77b

[0145] Table 8 shows the biostatistical analysis of the control efficacy in different plots after pesticide application. The results indicate that at 1, 3, 7, and 10 days after application, the control efficacy of 2000, 3000, and 4000 times dilution of 40% flonicamid·hederonide water-dispersible granules was significantly higher than that of 1500 times dilution of 20% flonicamid water-dispersible granules. At 3 and 7 days after application, the control efficacy of 1000 and 2000 times dilution of 20% hederonide water-dispersible granules was significantly higher than that of 1500 times dilution of 10% flonicamid water-dispersible granules.

[0146] The experimental results show that ivy saponin has better and more sustained efficacy against cabbage aphids than or comparable to flonicamid. When flonicamid is mixed with ivy saponin, the efficacy against cabbage aphids is significantly improved, greatly reducing the amount of pesticide used and ensuring safety for cabbage.

[0147] Example 25: Field trial for the control of tea green leafhopper

[0148] In April 2025, a field efficacy trial was conducted in Chuangxin Village, Huanxi Town, Jin'an District, Fuzhou City, to control the small green leafhopper using 20% ​​hederastatin water-dispersible granules and 10% bifenthrin·hederastatin (8+2) microemulsion. The trial verified the efficacy of the pesticides against the small green leafhopper and their safety on tea plants. The experimental crop was Chinese cabbage, and the target pest was the small green leafhopper (Empoascaonukii). The pesticides and dosages used were: 20% hederastatin at 1000, 1500, and 2000 times dilution; 10% bifenthrin·hederastatin microemulsion at 1000, 2000, and 3000 times dilution; and 10% bifenthrin microemulsion at 1500 times dilution. Conventional spraying was used. The initial insect population was assessed before application, and the number of residual insects was assessed 1, 3, 7, and 10 days after application. Each plot was 30 square meters. 2 Ten points were surveyed in each area using the parallel skip method. At each point, 20 new shoots with one bud and three leaves were observed. The number of small green leafhoppers on the shoots was recorded, and the control effect was statistically analyzed.

[0149] Table 9. Results of experiments on the control of small green leafhopper by 20% hederastatin water-dispersible granules and 10% bifenthrin·hederastatin microemulsion.

[0150] 20% Ivysaponin Water Dispersible Granules 1000 74.09bc 82.09d 85.54c 84.52c 20% Ivysaponin Water Dispersible Granules 1500 73.39bc 85.13bc 87.73bc 84.28c 20% Ivysaponin Water Dispersible Granules 2000 69.23d 81.12e 85.24c 82.13cd 10% Bifenthrin·Hedyotis diffusa microemulsion 1000 84.62a 91.78a 92.97a 92.56a 10% Bifenthrin·Hedyotis diffusa microemulsion 2000 79.02ab 87.85ab 90.74ab 91.76a 10% Bifenthrin·Hedyotis diffusa microemulsion 3000 80.75ab 84.63cd 90.60ab 89.26ab 10% Bifenthrin Microemulsion 1500 71.71cd 84.28cd 81.82d 80.85d

[0151] Table 9 shows the biostatistical analysis of the control efficacy of each plot after pesticide application. The results indicate that at 1, 3, 7, and 10 days after pesticide application, the control efficacy of 10% bifenthrin·hederine saponin microemulsion at dilutions of 1000, 2000, and 3000 times was significantly higher than that of 10% bifenthrin microemulsion at dilution of 1500 times. The control efficacy of 20% hederine saponin water-dispersible granules at dilutions of 1000 and 15000 times was significantly higher at 7 and 10 days after pesticide application than that of 10% bifenthrin microemulsion at dilution of 1500 times.

[0152] The experimental results showed that ivy saponin had better and more sustained efficacy against small green leafhopper than bifenthrin, while the combination of bifenthrin and ivy saponin significantly improved the rapid and sustained efficacy against small green leafhopper, greatly reduced the dosage, and was safe for tea trees.

[0153] Example 26: Field trial for the control of pear psyllid

[0154] In June 2025, a field efficacy trial was conducted in Xinhua Village, Geji Town, Dangshan County, Suzhou City, to control pear psylla using 220% hederastatin water-dispersible granules and 20% spirotetramat·hederastatin (16+4) microemulsion. The trial verified the efficacy of the pesticides against pear psylla and their safety on pear trees. The test crop was pear, and the target species was pear psylla (Psylla chinensis). The tested pesticides and dosages were: 1000, 1500, and 2000 times dilution of 20% hederastatin water-dispersible granules; 3000, 4000, and 5000 times dilution of 20% spirotetramat·hederastatin microemulsion; and 3000 times dilution of 224 g / L spirotetramat suspension. Conventional spraying was used. The initial psylla population was assessed before application, and the number of residual psylla was assessed 5, 10, and 15 days after application. Each plot was 30 m². 2 Ten points were surveyed in each area using the parallel skip method, with 20 new shoots of 1 bud and 3 leaves at each point. The number of pear psyllids on the shoots was recorded, and the control effect was statistically analyzed.

[0155] Table 10. Results of experimental control of pear psyllids using 20% ​​hederastatin water-dispersible granules and 20% spirotetramat·hederastatin microemulsion.

[0156] 20% Ivysaponin Water Dispersible Granules 1000 73.39c cdef 85.13bc cdef 87.73b 20% Ivysaponin Water Dispersible Granules 1500 71.71c def 82.20c def 85.62bc 20% Ivysaponin Water Dispersible Granules 2000 68.24c f 82.74c def 83.45c 20% Spirotetramat·Ivysaponin Microemulsion 3000 85.21a a 88.75ab abc 93.53a 20% Spirotetramat·Ivysaponin Microemulsion 4000 84.87a a 89.92a ab 93.55a 20% Spirotetramat·Ivysaponin Microemulsion 5000 81.70a ab 86.35ab bcd 89.83ab 224 g / L Spirotetramethrin Suspension 3000 69.23 ef 81.12c f 85.24bc

[0157] Table 10 shows the biostatistical analysis of the control efficacy of each plot after pesticide application. The results indicate that at 5, 10, and 15 days after pesticide application, the control efficacy of 20% spirotetramat·hederone saponin microemulsion at dilutions of 3000, 4000, and 5000 times was significantly higher than that of 224 g / L spirotetramat suspension at dilution of 3000 times. The control efficacy of 20% hederone saponin water-dispersible granules at 5, 10, and 15 days was significantly higher than that of 224 g / L spirotetramat suspension at dilution of 3000 times, and the control efficacy was comparable.

[0158] The experimental results show that ivy saponin has better and more sustained efficacy against pear psyllids than or comparable to spirotetramat. When spirotetramat is mixed with ivy saponin, the efficacy against pear psyllids is significantly improved, the dosage is greatly reduced, and it is safe for pear trees.

[0159] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. Application of ivy saponins and their derivatives in pest control.

2. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hedyotis diffusin and its derivatives include hedyotis diffusin, black sea hedyotis diffusin A1, hedyotis diffusin B, hedyotis diffusin C, hedyotis diffusin D, hedyotis diffusin D2, hymenopsin A, α-hedyotis diffusin, β-hedyotis diffusin, hedyotis diffusin-28-O-β-D-glucose ester glycoside, hedyotis diffusin H, and hymenopsin D.

3. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hederaponin and its derivatives may be used alone or in combination with other insecticidal active substances and their derivatives to form an insecticidal composition.

4. The application according to claim 3, characterized in that, The other insecticidal active substances and their derivatives include neonicotinoid acetylcholine receptor modulators, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, pressure-gated sodium ion channel modulators, insect growth regulators, quaternary ketoester insecticides, diamide insecticides, chloride ion channel modulators, microbial insecticides, plant-derived insecticides, and acaricides.

5. The application according to claim 4, characterized in that, The neonicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators include neonicotinoid insecticides, nereistoxin insecticides, and spinosad insecticides; The acetylcholinesterase inhibitors include organophosphate esters and carbamates; The pressure-gated sodium ion channel modulator includes pyrethroid insecticides; The insect growth regulators include benzoylurea insecticides, molting disruptors, juvenile hormone analogs, and heterocyclic insecticides; The quaternary ketoester insecticides include spirodiclofen, spirodiclofen, spirotetramat, and methoxypiperidine ethyl ester; The diamide insecticides include chlorantraniliprole, broflanilide, tetrachlorantraniliprole, cyfluthrin, broflanilide, and flubendiamide; The chloride channel modulators include phenylpyrazole insecticides and macrolide insecticides; The microbial insecticides include Bacillus thuringiensis, abamectin, mibamectin, methyl abamectin, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, nucleopolyhedrovirus, cytoplasmic polyhedrovirus, and granulovirus; The plant-derived insecticides include matrine, azadirachtin, rotenone, pyrethrin, azadirachtin, neemin, artemisinin, stemona alkaloid, styracil, pine resin mixture, ryanodine, 2-pinene, and geraniol. The acaricides include bromopropylate, propargite, fenbutatin, triazophos, azoxystrobin, pyridaben, quinacrine, propargite, etoxazole, etoxazole nitrile, fentoxin, cyclohexane, thiamethoxam, amitraz, tetradifon, pyrimethanil, bromopropylate, mineral oil, diflubenzuron, and fluazinam.

6. The application according to claim 5, characterized in that, The neonicotinoid insecticides include nicotine, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, flufenoxuron, epoxim, flupyradifurone, flupyradifurone, chlorthiazoline, epoxim, pipemidone, and pendimethalin. The nereistoxin-based insecticides include chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos monophosphate, chlorpyrifos ring, and chlorpyrifos monoxide; The spinosad insecticides include spinosad and ethyl spinosad. The organophosphate esters include chlorpyrifos, profenofos, dichlorvos, dibromophos, trichlorfon, malathion, phoxim, triazophos, parathion, fenthion, dithion, chlorpyrifos, pyridazine, phorate, dimethoate, dimethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, oxydemeton-methyl, and acephate. The carbamates include isopropylcarb, methomyl, carbaryl, aldicarb, carbofuran, pirimicarb, carbaryl, thiamethoxam, carbofuran, thiamethoxam, carbofuran thiocarb, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, phenoxycarb, and propoxur. The pyrethroid insecticides include cypermethrin, bifenthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, cyhalothrin, fenvalerate, flufenoxuron, bensulfuron-methyl, permethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, S-fenvalerate, cypermethrin, γ-cyhalothrin, propofol, methoxyfenozide, tetrafluoroethylene, flufenoxuron-methyl, dextromethorphan, flusilylpyrethrin, and bensulfuron-methyl. The benzoylurea insecticides include diflubenzuron, chlorfenapyr, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, lufenuron, and cyromazine; The molting disruptors include tebufenozide, methoxyfenozide, flufenoxuronide, cyclofenozide, and furazolidone; The juvenile hormone analogues include acetamiprid, acetamiprid ethyl ester, and phenoxycarb; The heterocyclic insecticides include indoxacarb, bromonitrile, metaldehyde, pymetrozine, azoxystrobin, thiamethoxam, fenvalerate, flonicamid, cyromazine, and cypermethrin; The phenylpyrazole insecticides include fipronil and acetamiprid; The macrolide insecticides include abamectin, ivermectin, emamectin benzoate, and emamectin benzoate.

7. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pests include Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Thysanoptera, Diptera, and mites.

8. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, The order Hemiptera includes the superfamilies Aphididae, Psyllididae, Whiteflyidae, Cicadaidae, Leafhopperidae, Lantulae, Hornhopperidae, Whitefly Family, Scale Insect Family, Scale Insect Family, Scale Insect Family, Ticepidae, Marginal Bug Family, Stink Bug Family, Mirid Bug Family, Long Bug Family, and Red Bug Family; The order Thysanoptera includes Thripsidae and Tube Thripsidae.

9. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that, The pests mentioned include peach aphid, cotton aphid, apple woolly aphid, bean aphid, wheat aphid, apple yellow aphid, turnip aphid, orange two-forked aphid, pear two-forked aphid, rose long-tubed aphid, bamboo aphid, apple gall aphid, tobacco whitefly, whitefly, black spiny whitefly, spiral whitefly, black-tailed leafhopper, two-spotted black-tailed leafhopper, white-winged leafhopper, large green leafhopper, apple green leafhopper, false-eyed green leafhopper, potato green leafhopper, rose green leafhopper, citrus Orange psyllid, pear psyllid, mulberry psyllid, longan horn psyllid, olive star-shaped psyllid, camphor psyllid, mimosa psyllid, bean thrips, flower thrips, western flower thrips, yellow-breasted thrips, rice thrips, melon thrips, banyan mother tube thrips, Japanese tortoise wax scale, Florida tortoise wax scale, arrowhead scale, brown round scale, Korean ball wax scale, grass scale, cottony cushion scale, orange powdery scale, Comstock powdery scale, hibiscus powdery scale, white waxy cushiony scale.

10. An insecticidal composition, characterized in that, The raw materials include the following parts by weight: 1-1000 parts of ivy saponin and its derivatives as described in claim 1 or 2, and 1-1000 parts of other insecticidal active substances and their derivatives as described in any one of claims 4-6.

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