A biological control composition for a home garden crop and a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of pesticide preparation, and particularly relates to a biological control composition for household horticultural crops and a preparation method and application thereof.The biological control composition for household horticultural crops is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: 15-20 parts of microencapsulated insecticidal active ingredients, 10-15 parts of ion-loaded insecticidal ingredients, 20-25 parts of immobilized functional bacterial agents and 3-5 parts of polyglycerol fatty acid esters.Through the microencapsulation, ion loading and bacterial agent immobilization processes, the prepared biological control composition solves the long-standing problems in the field of household horticultural biological control, such as poor targeting, short effective period and complex operation, has the effects of synergistic effect of bacterial agents, insect-bacterium co-control, immune activation, realizes the effects of precise prevention and control and long-term protection, and after dilution, is sprayed or irrigated, without the need for complex preparation, and meets the convenience requirements of household users.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pesticide formulation technology, and in particular to a biological control composition for home gardening crops, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Biological control refers to an environmentally friendly pest control technology that utilizes beneficial organisms or their metabolites found in nature to suppress pests and diseases through ecological means, thereby reducing reliance on chemical pesticides. Its mechanisms of action mainly include predation, parasitism, competition, and resistance, effectively reducing the population density of target pests or inhibiting the proliferation of pathogens, while avoiding the harm to the environment and human health caused by chemical pesticide residues. Home gardening crops refer to small or medium-sized plants suitable for cultivation in home environments, typically grown in pots, gardens, balconies, windowsills, or indoor spaces. Their core characteristics are small scale, diverse varieties, and convenient management. In the field of home gardening, biological control has received considerable attention due to its safe operation and strong ecological compatibility.

[0003] Despite the significant advantages of biological control technology, its practical application in home gardening still faces many challenges: (1) Insufficient environmental adaptability: Most microbial agents are sensitive to temperature and humidity, and the uncontrolled conditions of home planting environment can easily lead to the inactivation of active ingredients; (2) Narrow spectrum of action: Single species or natural enemies are difficult to deal with complex pests and diseases, such as aphids and powdery mildew occurring at the same time, which requires multiple applications of different products, increasing the complexity of user operation; (3) Slow onset of action: Compared with chemical pesticides, biological control has a long action cycle, which cannot meet the needs of home users for rapid effect; (4) Poor formulation compatibility: Most existing products are designed for large fields, and there is a lack of slow-release or spray formulations suitable for small-scale potted plants, vertical planting and other home scenarios; (5) High user awareness threshold: Ordinary home users lack professional knowledge on the storage conditions, application timing and compatibility rules of biocontrol agents, which can easily lead to unstable effects.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, there is an urgent need in this field to develop a biocontrol composition with multiple functional components. This composition broadens the spectrum of action and enhances rapid efficacy by screening for synergistic microbial strains and combining them with plant-derived synergistic ingredients. It also enhances environmental tolerance by employing microencapsulation technology or adding light / heat stabilizers to prolong the duration of action of active ingredients in complex home environments. Furthermore, it promotes growth, achieving a three-in-one function of "disease prevention, pest control, and seedling strengthening," thereby improving the overall stress resistance of home gardening crops. These technological innovations aim to improve the practicality and market competitiveness of biocontrol compositions in home settings. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Home gardening crops are often subject to limited growing environments and frequent compound pest and disease outbreaks. Traditional biological control products suffer from narrow spectrum of action, short duration of effect, and complex operation. Existing technologies, using single slow-release carriers or microbial agents, struggle to simultaneously address the needs of synergistic pest and fungal control and the convenience required by home users. This application provides a biological control composition for home gardening crops, its preparation method, and its application. This composition exhibits synergistic effects with microbial agents, joint pest and fungal control, and immune activation, achieving precise control and long-term protection.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a biological control composition for home gardening crops, employing the following technical solution: A biological control composition for home gardening crops is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of microencapsulated insecticidal active ingredient, 10-15 parts of ion-loaded insecticidal ingredient, 20-25 parts of immobilized functional microbial agent, and 3-5 parts of polyglycerol fatty acid ester.

[0007] Preferably, the biological control composition for home gardening crops is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 17-19 parts of microencapsulated insecticidal active ingredient, 12-14 parts of ion-loaded insecticidal ingredient, 22-24 parts of immobilized functional microbial agent, and 3.5-4.5 parts of polyglycerol fatty acid ester.

[0008] Preferably, the microencapsulated insecticidal active ingredient is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of azadirachtin A and 3-8 parts of styrax chinensis extract.

[0009] Preferably, the ion-loaded insecticidal ingredient is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts veratrum alkaloids, 2-5 parts pyrethroids, and 20-30 parts attapulgite clay.

[0010] By adopting the above scheme, the four plant-derived insecticidal active ingredients each possess unique mechanisms of action and control spectra, collectively forming a highly efficient, low-toxicity, and environmentally friendly biological pesticide composition. Azadirachtin A significantly inhibits the feeding behavior of various agricultural and forestry pests, interfering with their molting and metamorphosis processes, preventing them from completing normal development. Compared to other plant-derived insecticides, azadirachtin A has a relatively long residual effect and is effective against various pests, including Lepidoptera, Homoptera, and Coleoptera, making it particularly suitable for pest control in common household horticultural crops such as vegetables, fruit trees, and tea. Cuscuta chinensis extract is highly effective against chewing pests such as cabbage caterpillars, rice leaf beetles, and armyworms, rapidly destroying their midgut tissue, causing them to stop feeding and die. It is safe for vegetable crops such as cabbage, cauliflower, and Chinese cabbage. Veratrum alkaloids can interfere with the nerve conduction of insects, binding to sodium ion channels on nerve cell membranes, causing pests to rapidly become paralyzed and die. They can knock down pests in a short time, making them suitable for emergency control of sudden pest outbreaks. They are effective against aphids, diamondback moths, and many other common horticultural pests. Pyrethroids can quickly penetrate the insect's body wall and act on the nervous system, causing pests to quickly become knocked down and die. They have excellent rapid-acting properties and can repel a variety of pests, reducing their oviposition and feeding behavior.

[0011] By adopting the above scheme, the insecticidal active ingredient combination simultaneously includes the antifeedant azadirachtin A, the stomach poison terpineol, the neurotoxin veratrine, and the contact insecticide pyrethroid, forming a multi-target pest control system. Pyrethroid and veratrine target chewing pests and provide rapid action, while azadirachtin A and terpineol target piercing-sucking pests and provide a longer duration of action, meeting different control needs. The combination can simultaneously control pests with multiple mouthparts, including chewing, piercing-sucking, and borer pests, making it suitable for complex pest communities in home gardening. The multiple mechanisms of action greatly reduce the risk of pests developing resistance and extend the lifespan of the pesticide. Compared to the high dosage of a single ingredient, scientific compounding can reduce the dosage of each ingredient while ensuring effectiveness, further improving safety for non-target organisms and the environment.

[0012] Preferably, the immobilized functional microbial agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: activated Bacillus subtilis (… Bacillus subtilis XLBS-01 8-12 portions, activated Bacillus belyssus ( Bacillus velezensis ) OOT-47 7-10 parts, oligosaccharide 3-5 parts, amino oligosaccharide 1-3 parts, TiO2-starch 3-8 parts, trehalose-calcium citrate 5-10 parts.

[0013] By employing the above-mentioned scheme, activated Bacillus subtilis XLBS-01 and activated Bacillus vesicles OOT-47 colonize the leaf surface and rhizosphere, respectively, forming a three-dimensional defense network. Oligosaccharides, acting as plant immune stimulants, enhance the activity of defense-related enzymes and the accumulation of disease-resistant substances. Simultaneously, they serve as a carbon and energy source for Bacillus subtilis, promoting their reproduction and secretion of active substances, fostering the formation of beneficial microbial communities, and inhibiting the proliferation of soil-borne pathogens. They exhibit a synergistic effect with Bacillus subtilis XLBS-01 and Bacillus vesicles OOT-47. Amino oligosaccharides disrupt membrane structure integrity, inhibiting fungi, bacteria, and viruses. After application, they form a transparent protective film on the plant surface, preventing pathogen invasion without affecting photosynthesis and respiration, making them suitable for flowering and foliage plants. The immobilized functional microbial agent combination simultaneously includes biocontrol bacteria: Bacillus subtilis XLBS-01 and Bacillus belyss OOT-47, and immune inducers: oligosaccharides and amino oligosaccharides, forming a system that combines "using bacteria to control bacteria and preventing disease through immunity." Bacillus belyss OOT-47 and amino oligosaccharides provide a faster rate of action, while Bacillus subtilis XLBS-01 and oligosaccharides provide a longer-lasting protective effect, meeting the needs of disease control at different stages. The multiple mechanisms of action make it difficult for pathogens to develop drug resistance and extend the lifespan of the agent, which is especially important for home gardening that requires long-term continuous planting.

[0014] Preferably, the trehalose-calcium citrate is prepared by the following technical solution: trehalose and calcium citrate are mixed at a mass ratio of 2:(1-2), transferred to a high-speed shear homogenizer at 8000-10000 rpm for 5 minutes, and then passed through a 200-mesh sieve to ensure uniform particle size.

[0015] By adopting the above solution, the trehalose-calcium citrate complex has low hygroscopicity, avoids powder clumping, significantly improves the survival rate, stability and stress resistance of functional microbial agents in home gardening scenarios, and is biodegradable with no soil residue burden.

[0016] Preferably, the TiO2-starch is prepared using the following technical solution: Starch and deionized water are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:(4-5); the mixture is magnetically stirred at 500 rpm for 20-30 minutes in a water bath at 80-85℃ to form a transparent starch gel; the temperature is then rapidly reduced to below 40℃ to prevent starch retrogradation; nano-TiO2 powder and anhydrous ethanol are mixed at a mass ratio of (0.8-1.5):10; the mixture is ultrasonically treated at 200W for 30 minutes until a TiO2-ethanol suspension without visible agglomerations is formed; the TiO2-ethanol suspension is slowly added to the starch gel at a mass ratio of 1:(1-1.5); the mixture is magnetically stirred at 600-800 rpm for 30-60 minutes, simultaneously ultrasonically treated, with a probe insertion depth of 2-3 cm, 40% power, and a pulse mode of 5s on / 5s off; 0.1M NaOH solution is added dropwise to adjust the pH of the mixture to [pH value missing]. 9.0-9.5, promote hydrogen bonding between TiO2 ethanol suspension and starch hydroxyl groups, spray dry to form, and store in a sealed, light-proof container.

[0017] Preferably, the spray drying process in the preparation of TiO2-starch has the following conditions: inlet air temperature: 150-160℃, outlet air temperature: 75-90℃, atomization pressure: 0.4MPa; feed rate: 5mL / min. The dry powder is collected by an air separator, passed through a 200-mesh sieve to remove large particles, and placed in a vacuum drying oven at 50℃ and 10kPa for 4 hours.

[0018] By employing the above-mentioned TiO2-starch complex, nano-TiO2 generates hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and superoxide radicals (O2-) under light conditions, which can directly damage the cell membranes and DNA of pathogens. After being loaded onto a starch matrix, the dispersibility and photon efficiency of TiO2 are improved, maintaining more than 50% antibacterial activity even in low-light environments. This characteristic is particularly suitable for the control of airborne diseases such as powdery mildew and gray mold in home gardening. The TiO2-starch complex is also humidity-sensitive, accelerating the release of active ingredients when air humidity is high, such as during the rainy season when diseases are prevalent. After use, the starch components are rapidly decomposed by environmental microorganisms, and TiO2 remains in the soil in an inert form, without causing the risk of nanomaterial accumulation.

[0019] Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing a biological control composition for home gardening crops, employing the following technical solution: S1 Microencapsulated insecticidal active ingredient: A mixture of azadirachtin A, cuscuta chinensis extract and chitosan-pectin wall material is spray-dried to form pH-responsive microcapsules with a particle size of 30-50μm. S2 Ion-loaded insecticidal ingredients: Veratrum alkaloids and pyrethroids are dissolved in ethanol, mixed with attapulgite clay, and then dried in a fluidized bed after ion exchange. S3 Immobilized functional bacterial agent: After activating Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus belye, it is mixed with oligosaccharide, amino oligosaccharide and trehalose-calcium citrate, and then adsorbed onto TiO2-starch particles at low temperature. S4 Integration: The microencapsulated insecticidal active ingredient prepared in step S1, the ion-loaded insecticidal ingredient prepared in S2, the immobilized functional microbial agent prepared in S3, and the polyglycerol fatty acid ester are mixed in a three-dimensional vortex at 10-15 rpm for 30-45 min at a temperature of 20-25℃. After vortexing, air jet milling is performed with a classifying wheel of 5000-5500 rpm, an air source pressure of 0.9-1.0 MPa, a feed rate of 11-13 kg / h, and a discharge port temperature of 30-35℃.

[0020] The solution integrates three technologies—microencapsulation, ion loading, and microbial agent immobilization—to achieve synergistic "chemical-biological" control. Microencapsulation slow-release technology uses chitosan-pectin wall material to encapsulate azadirachtin A and cucurbitacin, forming pH-responsive microcapsules that can target and release active ingredients in the alkaline environment of the pest's gut, improving utilization and extending the duration of effectiveness. The natural antibacterial properties of chitosan combined with the biodegradability of pectin enhances environmental compatibility. Ion loading technology utilizes the ion exchange capacity of attapulgite clay to immobilize veratrum alkaloids and pyrethroids. After fluidized bed drying, a stable loading system is formed, allowing for the slow release of active ingredients and reducing losses from photosynthesis and volatilization. Functional microbial agent immobilization uses Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus belesi, protected by trehalose-calcium citrate, for low-temperature adsorption onto titanium dioxide-starch particles, significantly improving cell survival and soil colonization capacity, exhibiting both antibacterial and growth-promoting effects. Low-temperature processes such as spray drying and fluidized bed drying reduce thermal degradation of active ingredients, especially protecting the vitality of the microbial agents.

[0021] Preferably, in step S1, the insecticidal active ingredient is microencapsulated as follows: a mixture of azadirachtin A and linalool is dissolved in anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically treated at 40 kHz and 200 W for 20 min to ensure complete dissolution and obtain an oil phase; the oil phase is slowly added dropwise to a chitosan-pectin wall material solution, pre-emulsified by magnetic stirring at 1000 rpm, transferred to a high-pressure homogenizer and circulated three times under 80 MPa pressure, and then microencapsulated by spray drying.

[0022] Preferably, in step S1, the microencapsulated insecticidal active ingredient is a mixture of azadirachtin A and linalool with anhydrous ethanol at a mass ratio of 1:(3.5-5).

[0023] Preferably, in step S1, the microencapsulated insecticidal active ingredient is mixed with the chitosan-pectin wall material at a mass ratio of 1:(3.5-4.5).

[0024] Preferably, in step S1, the preparation of the chitosan-pectin wall material for the microencapsulated insecticidal active ingredient involves mixing chitosan with a 1% glacial acetic acid solution at a mass ratio of (1-2):20 until completely dissolved to obtain a chitosan-glacial acetic acid solution; dissolving pectin with deionized water at a mass ratio of (1-2):30 to obtain a pectin solution; and mixing the chitosan-glacial acetic acid solution and the pectin solution at a mass ratio of 2:(0.8-1.5) to form a homogeneous composite colloid, and adjusting the pH to 4.5-5.5 with 0.1M NaOH or 0.1M HCl.

[0025] Preferably, in step S1, the microencapsulated insecticidal active ingredient has the following spray drying parameters: inlet air temperature: 100-110℃; outlet air temperature: 40-50℃; atomization pressure: 0.2-0.3MPa; dual-fluid nozzle with an orifice diameter of 1.0-1.2mm; and feed rate: 6-8mL / min.

[0026] Preferably, in step S2, the insecticidal component is loaded as follows: Veratrum alkaloids and pyrethroids are mixed, and anhydrous ethanol is added. The mixture is magnetically stirred at 500 rpm and 30-45°C for 30 min until completely dissolved. Insoluble impurities are removed by filtering through a 0.22 μm filter membrane. The solution is concentrated to 1 / 3 of its original volume using a rotary evaporator, a water bath at 50°C, and a vacuum of -0.08 MPa to improve the loading efficiency and obtain mixture A. Attapulgite clay is mixed with mixture A. The mixture is placed in a constant temperature shaker at 38-45°C and 150-200 rpm for 5-7 h to allow the active ingredient to enter the attapulgite clay through ion exchange and pore adsorption, resulting in mixture B. Mixture B is centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 10 min, and the loaded clay particles are collected. The clay particles are washed twice with 50% ethanol to remove the physically adsorbed active ingredient on the surface. The precipitate is centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 10 min and retained. After fluidized bed drying, the precipitate is sealed and stored in a desiccator in a light-proof container.

[0027] Preferably, in step S2, the ion-loaded insecticidal component consists of a mixture of veratrum alkaloids and pyrethroids mixed with anhydrous ethanol at a mass ratio of 1:(6-8).

[0028] Preferably, in step S2, the fluidized bed drying parameters for the ion-loaded insecticidal component are: inlet air temperature: 55-65℃; outlet air temperature: 40-50℃; fluidizing gas velocity: 1.5m³ / h; vibration frequency: 20-30Hz; the wet particles are evenly spread on the fluidized bed tray to a thickness of 2-3cm and dried until the moisture content is ≤5%.

[0029] Preferably, in step S3, the functional bacterial agent is immobilized as follows: Activated Bacillus subtilis XLBS-01 is mixed with Bacillus belye OOT-47 to obtain a mixed bacterial solution; the mixed bacterial solution is then mixed with oligosaccharides, amino oligosaccharides, and trehalose-calcium citrate to form a bacterial suspension; TiO2-starch is mixed with the bacterial suspension at a mass ratio of 3:1, transferred to a low-temperature stirring tank at 4°C, and stirred at 50 rpm for 2 hours; stirring is stopped, and the mixture is allowed to stand at 4°C for 12 hours to allow spores to embed into the carrier pores through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions; after vacuum freeze-drying, the mixture is sealed in nitrogen-filled packaging and stored at 4°C in the dark.

[0030] Preferably, the method of mixing activated Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus belyss to obtain a mixed bacterial solution adopts the following technical solution: (1) Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis XLBS-01 was cultured on LB solid medium at 28°C for 48 hours. (Bacillus belye) Bacillus velezensis OOT-47 was cultured on nutrient agar medium at 32℃ for 48h; three loops of single colonies were picked from the solid medium in step (1) and transferred to LB liquid medium and nutrient broth medium respectively. Under aseptic conditions, Bacillus subtilis XLBS-01 was cultured on LB liquid medium at 28℃ for 48h, and Bacillus vesiculosus OOT-47 was cultured on nutrient broth medium at 32℃ for 48h; the activated Bacillus subtilis XLBS-01 and Bacillus vesiculosus OOT-47 were mixed in proportion to obtain a mixed bacterial solution with viable cell counts reaching 1×10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g or higher, keep on hand.

[0031] Preferably, in step S3, the vacuum freeze-drying process conditions for immobilizing the functional bacterial agent are as follows: pre-freezing at 75-85℃, atmospheric pressure, for 2-3 hours; primary drying at -40 to -50℃, 6-8 Pa, for 24-36 hours; and desorption drying at 22-28℃, 3-4 Pa, for 12-18 hours.

[0032] Thirdly, this application provides an application of a biological control composition for home gardening crops in the daily pest and disease control of home gardening crops. The biological control composition for home gardening crops is diluted at a mass ratio of 1:(300-600) and sprayed on the leaves and irrigated the roots. Foliar spraying is done once every 7 days for 5 consecutive times, and soil irrigation is done once every 14 days for 3 consecutive times.

[0033] In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects: 1. The biological control composition for home gardening crops prepared in this application systematically solves the long-standing problems of poor targeting, short duration of effect, and complicated operation in the field of biological control of home gardening through three major innovations: multi-level response release, targeted division of labor of microbial agents, and synergistic effect of formulation. It has the effects of synergistic effect of microbial agents, joint control of insects and fungi, and activation of immunity, achieving precise control and long-term protection. It can be sprayed or drenched after dilution without complicated preparation, meeting the convenience needs of home users.

[0034] 2. The biological control composition for home gardening crops prepared in this application is made entirely of natural or biodegradable materials, with no chemical synthetic solvent residues, and meets the standards for environmentally friendly biological pesticides.

[0035] 3. The biological control composition for home gardening crops prepared in this application contains insecticidal active ingredients, azadirachtin A, cuscuta chinensis alkaloids, veratrum alkaloids and pyrethroids, all of which are of natural origin through scientific formulation, avoiding the toxic risks of chemical pesticides to the home environment. Each component not only has its own unique beneficial effects, but also produces a synergistic control effect. It retains the characteristics of low toxicity, low residue and good environmental compatibility of plant-derived pesticides, while overcoming the shortcomings of narrow spectrum of action and poor speed of action of single plant-derived pesticides.

[0036] 4. The biological control composition for home gardening crops prepared in this application contains biocontrol bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus belyssus) and immune inducers (oligosaccharides and amino oligosaccharides) in the immobilized functional microbial agent combination, forming a system that combines "using bacteria to control bacteria" and "immune disease prevention". Bacillus belyssus OOT-47 and amino oligosaccharides provide a faster rate of action, while Bacillus subtilis XLBS-01 and oligosaccharides provide a longer-lasting protective effect, meeting the needs of disease control at different stages. The multiple mechanisms of action make it difficult for pathogens to develop drug resistance and extend the service life of the agent, which is especially important for home gardening that requires long-term continuous planting.

[0037] 5. The present application provides a method for preparing a biological control composition for home gardening crops. The scheme integrates three technologies: microencapsulation, ion loading, and microbial agent immobilization, to achieve synergistic "chemical-biological" control. The low-temperature processes of spray drying and fluidized bed drying reduce the thermal degradation of active ingredients, and in particular, protect the vitality of microbial agents. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solution of this application is further illustrated by specific embodiments below. These specific embodiments do not represent a limitation on the scope of protection of this application. Any non-essential modifications and adjustments made by others based on the concept of this application still fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0039] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods shown in the following examples are conventional methods. All reagents and materials shown are commercially available products.

[0040] Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis XLBS-01 was purchased through the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (address: Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing), with accession number CGMCC No. 6692.

[0041] Bacillus belesiensis ( Bacillus velezensis OOT-47 was purchased through the China Center for Type Culture Collection (address: Wuhan University, Wuhan, China), accession number: CCTCC NO:M2022988.

[0042] Azadirachtin A: Xi'an Linhe Biotechnology Co., Ltd., content 40%; Cuscuta chinensis extract: Xi'an Heers Peptide Bioengineering Co., Ltd., content 6%; Veratrum alkaloids: Shaanxi Huinengda Biotechnology Co., Ltd., content >2%; Pyrethroids: Xi'an Yanhao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., content 25%; Attapulgite clay: Hebei Hengyue Mineral Products Co., Ltd., attapulgite powder for feed, 325 mesh.

[0043] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments and comparative examples. Preparation Example

[0044] Preparation Example 1: Preparation of Trehalose-Calcium Citrate The trehalose-calcium citrate mixture uses the following technical method: 200g of trehalose is mixed with 150g of calcium citrate, and then transferred to a 9000rpm high-speed shear homogenizer for 5 minutes. The mixture is then passed through a 200-mesh sieve to ensure uniform particle size.

[0045] Preparation Example 2: Preparation of Trehalose-Calcium Citrate The trehalose-calcium citrate mixture is prepared using the following technical method: 200g of trehalose and 200g of calcium citrate are mixed and transferred to an 8000rpm high-speed shear homogenizer for 5 minutes, and then passed through a 200-mesh sieve to ensure uniform particle size.

[0046] Preparation Example 3: Preparation of Trehalose-Calcium Citrate The trehalose-calcium citrate mixture is prepared using the following technical method: 200g of trehalose and 100g of calcium citrate are mixed and transferred to a 10,000rpm high-speed shear homogenizer for 5 minutes, and then passed through a 200-mesh sieve to ensure uniform particle size.

[0047] Preparation Example 4: Preparation of TiO2-Starch Mix 100g of starch with 450g of deionized water; magnetically stir at 500rpm for 25min in an 85℃ water bath to form a transparent starch gel; rapidly cool to below 40℃ to prevent starch retrogradation; mix 110g of nano-TiO2 powder with 1000g of anhydrous ethanol; sonicate at 200W for 30min until a TiO2-ethanol suspension with no visible agglomerates is formed; slowly add 100g of TiO2-ethanol suspension to 120g of starch gel; magnetically stir at 700rpm for 45min, simultaneously sonicating with a probe insertion depth of 2cm, 40% power, pulse mode (5s on, 5s off); add 0.1M NaOH solution to adjust pH. 9.0, spray drying molding, inlet air temperature: 155℃, outlet air temperature: 80℃, atomization pressure: 0.4MPa; feed rate: 5mL / min. The dry powder is collected by the air separator, passed through a 200-mesh sieve to remove large particles, and placed in a vacuum drying oven at 50℃ and 10kPa for 4 hours. It is then sealed and stored away from light.

[0048] Preparation Example 5: Preparation of TiO2-Starch Mix 100g of starch with 400g of deionized water; stir magnetically at 500rpm for 20min in an 80℃ water bath to form a transparent starch gel; rapidly cool to below 40℃ to prevent starch retrogradation; mix 80g of nano-TiO2 powder with 1000g of anhydrous ethanol; sonicate at 200W for 30min until a TiO2-ethanol suspension with no visible agglomerates is formed; slowly add 100g of TiO2-ethanol suspension to 100g of starch gel; stir magnetically at 600rpm for 60min, simultaneously sonicate, probe insertion depth 2cm, 40% power, pulse mode 5s on, 5s off; adjust pH to 9.0 by adding 0.1M NaOH solution; spray dry to form the product; inlet air temperature: 150℃, outlet air temperature: 75℃, atomization pressure: 0.4MPa; feed rate: 5mL / min; collect the dried powder with an air separator; remove large particles by passing through a 200-mesh sieve; place in a vacuum drying oven at 50℃, 10kPa for 4h; seal and store in the dark.

[0049] Preparation Example 6: Preparation of TiO2-Starch Mix 100g of starch with 500g of deionized water; stir magnetically at 500rpm for 30min in an 85℃ water bath to form a transparent starch gel, then rapidly cool to below 40℃; mix 150g of nano-TiO2 powder with 1000g of anhydrous ethanol, and sonicate at 200W for 30min until a TiO2-ethanol suspension with no visible agglomerates is formed; slowly add 100g of TiO2-ethanol suspension to 150g of starch gel; stir magnetically at 800rpm for 30min, simultaneously sonicate, probe insertion depth 3cm, 40% power, pulse mode 5s on, 5s off; add 0.1M NaOH solution to adjust pH to 9.5, spray dry to form, inlet air temperature: 160℃, outlet air temperature: 90℃, atomization pressure: 0.4MPa; feed rate: 5mL / min; collect the dried powder with an air separator, pass through a 200-mesh sieve to remove large particles, place in a vacuum drying oven at 50℃, 10kPa for 4h, and store in a sealed, light-protected container.

[0050] Preparation Example 7: Preparation of Chitosan-Pectin Wall Material Mix 13g of chitosan with 200g of 1% glacial acetic acid solution and stir until completely dissolved to obtain a chitosan-glacial acetic acid solution; mix 12g of pectin with 300g of deionized water and stir until dissolved to obtain a pectin solution; mix 200g of chitosan-glacial acetic acid solution with 140g of pectin solution evenly to form a homogeneous composite colloid, and adjust the pH to 5.0 with 0.1M NaOH or HCl.

[0051] Preparation Example 8: Preparation of Chitosan-Pectin Wall Material Mix 10g of chitosan with 200g of 1% glacial acetic acid solution and stir until completely dissolved to obtain a chitosan-glacial acetic acid solution; mix 10g of pectin with 300g of deionized water and stir until dissolved to obtain a pectin solution; mix 200g of chitosan-glacial acetic acid solution with 80g of pectin solution evenly to form a homogeneous composite colloid, and adjust the pH to 4.5 with 0.1M NaOH or HCl.

[0052] Preparation Example 9: Preparation of Chitosan-Pectin Wall Material Mix 20g of chitosan with 200g of 1% glacial acetic acid solution and stir until completely dissolved to obtain a chitosan-glacial acetic acid solution; mix 20g of pectin with 300g of deionized water and stir until dissolved to obtain a pectin solution; mix 200g of chitosan-glacial acetic acid solution with 150g of pectin solution evenly to form a homogeneous composite colloid, and adjust the pH to 5.5 with 0.1M NaOH or HCl.

[0053] Example Example 1 A method for preparing a biological control composition for home gardening crops, using the following technical solution: S1 Microencapsulated insecticidal active ingredient: A mixture of azadirachtin A and linalool was mixed with anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically treated at 40kHz and 200W for 20 minutes to ensure complete dissolution and obtain an oil phase; the oil phase was slowly added dropwise to a chitosan-pectin wall material solution, and the oil phase and chitosan-pectin wall material were mixed and pre-emulsified by magnetic stirring at 1000rpm, then transferred to a high-pressure homogenizer and circulated three times at 80MPa pressure, and then spray-dried to form pH-responsive microcapsules; S2 Ion-loaded insecticidal ingredient: A mixture of veratrum alkaloids and pyrethroids was mixed with anhydrous ethanol and magnetically stirred at 500 rpm and 30°C for 30 min until completely dissolved. Insoluble impurities were removed by filtering through a 0.22 μm filter membrane. The solution was concentrated to 1 / 3 of its original volume using a rotary evaporator, water bath at 50°C, and vacuum at -0.08 MPa to improve loading efficiency and obtain mixture A. Attapulgite clay was mixed with mixture A and reacted in a constant-temperature shaker to allow the active ingredient to enter the attapulgite clay through ion exchange and pore adsorption, resulting in mixture B. Mixture B was centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 10 min, and the loaded clay particles were collected and washed twice with 50% ethanol to remove the physically adsorbed active ingredient. The precipitate was centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 10 min and retained. The precipitate was then dried in a fluidized bed, sealed, and stored in a desiccator in a light-proof container. S3 Immobilized Functional Microbial Agent: Activated Bacillus subtilis XLBS-01 and Bacillus bereaves OOT-47 were mixed to obtain a mixed bacterial solution; the mixed bacterial solution, oligosaccharide, amino oligosaccharide, and trehalose-calcium citrate complex were mixed evenly to form a bacterial suspension; TiO2-starch was mixed with the bacterial suspension at a mass ratio of 3:1, and transferred to a low-temperature stirring tank at 4°C, and stirred at 50 rpm for 2 hours; stirring was stopped, and the mixture was allowed to stand at 4°C for 12 hours to allow spores to embed into the carrier pores through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions; after vacuum freeze-drying, the moisture content of the material was ≤3%; after drying, the material was sealed in nitrogen-filled packaging and stored in the dark at 4°C. S4 Integration: The microencapsulated insecticidal active ingredient prepared in step S1, the ion-loaded insecticidal ingredient prepared in S2, the immobilized functional bacterial agent prepared in S3, and the polyglycerol fatty acid ester are mixed in a three-dimensional vortex and then air-jet pulverized to D90≤20μm.

[0054] The method for mixing activated Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus belesia spp. to obtain a mixed bacterial solution is as follows: (1) Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis XLBS-01 strain was cultured on LB solid medium at 28°C for 48 hours. (Bacillus belyssus) Bacillus velezensisBacillus subtilis strain OOT-47 was cultured on nutrient agar medium at 32°C for 48 hours. Three loops of single colonies were picked from the solid medium in step (1) and transferred to LB liquid medium and nutrient broth medium, respectively, under aseptic conditions. Bacillus subtilis XLBS-01 was cultured on LB liquid medium at 28°C for 48 hours, and Bacillus vesiculosus OOT-47 was cultured on nutrient broth medium at 32°C for 48 hours. The activated Bacillus subtilis XLBS-01 and Bacillus vesiculosus OOT-47 were mixed in a certain proportion to obtain a mixed bacterial solution with viable cell counts reaching 1×10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g or higher, keep on hand.

[0055] The compounding ratio and mass of each component of the biological control composition for home gardening crops are shown in Table 1; the process conditions are shown in Table 2.

[0056]

[0057]

[0058] Examples 2-5 The difference from Example 1 is that the compounding ratio and the mass of each component of the biological control composition for home gardening crops are shown in Table 1; and the process conditions are shown in Table 2.

[0059] Comparative Example Comparative Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the azadirachtin A and malachite extract are not coated with chitosan-pectin wall material.

[0060] Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that in the immobilized functional bacterial agent, after the activated Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus belye are mixed, oligosaccharides, amino oligosaccharides and trehalose-calcium citrate are not added, and the mixture is directly adsorbed by TiO2-starch particles.

[0061] Comparative Example 3 The difference from Example 1 is that the microencapsulated insecticidal active ingredient prepared in step S1, the ion-loaded insecticidal ingredient prepared in step S2, the immobilized functional bacterial agent prepared in step S3, and the polyglycerol fatty acid ester are mixed in a three-dimensional vortex and then air jet milling is not used.

[0062] Comparative Example 4 The difference from Example 1 is that the biological control composition consists of: 90g of styrax extract, 40g of pyrethroid, 100g of Bacillus subtilis XLBS-01, 150g of diatomaceous earth, 80g of trehalose-calcium citrate, and 60g of polyglycerol fatty acid ester.

[0063] Comparative Example 5 The difference from Example 1 is that the biocontrol composition consists of: 100g of antagonistic yeast, 80g of allicin nanoemulsion, 100g of sodium alginate-chitosan microcapsules, 20g of humic acid growth-promoting granules, and 30g of trehalose.

[0064] Application examples Application Example 1-10 Application Examples 1-5 correspond to Examples 1-5, and Application Examples 6-10 respectively compare the application of the biological control compositions of Examples 1-5 in the daily prevention and control of diseases and pests in potted plants at home. Among them, the biological control compositions of home horticultural crops are diluted in a certain proportion and sprayed on the leaves and irrigated the roots. Foliar spraying is done once every 7 days for 5 consecutive times, and soil irrigation is done once every 14 days for 3 consecutive times. The dilution ratios of each application example are shown in Table 3.

[0065] Crop group: Potted tomatoes, potted roses; Pests and diseases: spider mites, aphids, gray mold, powdery mildew; Control group: The blank control was sprayed with tap water, and the chemical control was treated with bifenthrin + pyraclostrobin; The greenhouse temperature was controlled at 25-28℃, humidity at 60±5%, and natural light; each treatment consisted of 3 pots, using a completely randomized block design.

[0066]

[0067] Performance testing 1. Pest reduction rate: Aphid and spider mite population reduction rate: Mark the third leaf of the new shoot and count the number of live insects (Nt) before application (No) and 7, 14 and 21 days after application. Formula: Reduction rate (%) = (No - Nt) / No × 100 2. Disease control effect: After 30 days of use, the disease control effect is judged by the disease index of gray mold and powdery mildew; Formula 1: Disease Index = Σ(Disease Grade × Number of Leaves at That Grade) / (Highest Grade × Total Number of Leaves) × 100 Formula 2: Prevention and control effect (%) = (disease index of control area - disease index of treatment area) / disease index of control area × 100.

[0068] 3. Safety assessment: Measure the growth of new shoots of the plant, and record leaf deformities and scorching to determine whether any symptoms of pesticide damage have occurred.

[0069] The effects of pest control, disease inhibition, growth, leaf deformity, and scorching on potted tomatoes and roses were measured, and the results are shown in Table 4-9.

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[0071]

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[0073]

[0074]

[0075]

[0076] Analysis of experimental results: 1. Application Examples 1-5 (corresponding to Examples 1-5) showed significant integrated pest management effects on potted tomatoes and potted roses.

[0077] Pest control efficacy: 21 days after application, the reduction rate of aphids and spider mites in potted tomatoes and roses reached 100%, significantly better than the chemical pesticide control (approximately 80-83% for aphids and 72-85% for spider mites), and far exceeding the control ratios. This indicates that the microencapsulated azadirachtin A + malachitein in the composition, along with the ion-loaded veratrum alkaloids + pyrethroids, achieved a synergistic effect of rapid and sustained efficacy, completely eliminating the target pests within 21 days.

[0078] Disease control efficacy: 30 days after application, the control efficacy of Examples 1-5 against gray mold was 90.95%-95.56%, and against powdery mildew was 90.26%-96.34% (Tables 5 and 8), significantly better than the chemical control (68.44%-79.88%). The disease index of the blank control was as high as about 50.

[0079] Growth promotion performance: Potted tomatoes grew 3.8-4.6 cm / week, and potted roses grew 3.7-4.4 cm / week, significantly higher than the chemical agent group (approximately 2.0-2.1 cm / week). No leaves showed deformities, yellowing, or scorching, indicating that the microbial agent's secretion of IAA auxin and ACC deaminase effectively alleviated abiotic stress and promoted vegetative growth.

[0080] Overall Conclusion: Application Examples 1-5 systematically solve the pain points of poor targeting, short duration of effect, and complicated operation in biological control of home gardening through three major innovations: multi-level response release (pH microcapsules + ion loading), targeted division of microbial agents (dual microbial synergy), and synergistic effect of formulation. They achieve the goals of insect and fungal co-control, long-term protection, and safety and convenience.

[0081] 2. Performance Difference Analysis of Application Example 6-10 Due to deficiencies in formulation or process, the overall control effect of each comparative example was significantly lower than that of application example 1. The specific analysis is as follows: In Application Example 6 (corresponding to Example 1), azadirachtin A and cuscuta chinensis were not coated with chitosan-pectin wall material, resulting in rapid release of the insecticidal components. They were partially effective within 7 days, but the rate of action slowed significantly after 14 days. The aphid reduction rate on potted tomatoes after 21 days was only 67.34%, and the spider mite reduction rate was only 36.18%, significantly lower than in Application Example 1.

[0082] Application Example 7 (corresponding to Example 2) did not include oligosaccharides, amino oligosaccharides, or trehalose-calcium citrate; the inoculant was directly adsorbed by TiO2-starch. This resulted in the failure to activate plant systemic resistance, with a control efficacy of only 55.56% for tomato gray mold and only 47.41% for roses; the aphid reduction rate after 21 days was less than 60% (Tables 4 and 7); growth was only 3.0-3.1 cm / week; and leaf margins curled and spots were obvious (Tables 6 and 9).

[0083] Application Example 8 (corresponding to Example 3) did not undergo airflow pulverization after three-dimensional vortex mixing, resulting in uneven particle size (D90 > 20 μm). This led to: asynchronous release of microcapsules and ion-loaded carriers, creating blind spots in pest control, with an aphid reduction rate of only 64.47% on potted tomatoes after 21 days of application; large particles easily clogged the nozzle, resulting in insufficient actual application and reduced disease control efficacy; and a poor user experience, failing to meet the convenience requirements of home gardening.

[0084] Application Example 9 (corresponding to Example 4) used a combination of cypermethrin and pyrethroids as the main active ingredients, replacing attapulgite clay with diatomaceous earth, and lacked azadirachtin A, veratrum alkaloids, and synergistic effects of the two bacteria. The results were: the single mechanism of action easily led to insecticide resistance; after 21 days of application, the aphid reduction rate on tomatoes was only 47.56%; the ion exchange and slow-release capacity of diatomaceous earth was far weaker than that of attapulgite, resulting in a sudden release of active ingredients; the growth rate was only 2.0 cm / week, and tomato growth slowed down or even stopped (Table 6).

[0085] Application Example 10 (corresponding to Example 5) used antagonistic yeast + allicin nanoemulsion + sodium alginate microcapsules, without Bacillus subtilis / Bellesporium and TiO2-starch system. Results: Allicin had a short duration of action and lacked a slow-release design; the antagonistic yeast had limited inhibitory effect on foliar diseases (gray mold / powdery mildew) and piercing-sucking pests (aphids / spider mites); after 21 days of application, the aphid reduction rate in potted tomatoes was only 69.34%, and the spider mite reduction rate was only 50.00%; leaf burn (tomatoes) and spots (roses) appeared, indicating insufficient safety.

[0086] The comparative experiments in Examples 6-10 illustrate the limitations of chemical control agents. Although chemical agents (bifenthrin + pyraclostrobin) have a certain control effect on pests and diseases in the short term, they have obvious defects: (1) growth inhibition and phytotoxicity: the growth of tomatoes is only 2.1 cm / week, and that of roses is 2.0 cm / week. The leaves are deformed and wrinkled (Tables 6 and 9); (2) continuous control cannot be achieved: the pest reduction rate no longer increases after 21 days, and there is still a risk of disease recurrence.

[0087] The above analysis shows that the biocontrol compositions prepared in Examples 1-5 exhibit excellent performance in terms of pest control (100% reduction), disease control (over 90% efficacy), growth promotion (3.8-4.6 cm / week), and safety (no phytotoxicity), significantly outperforming the comparative examples. Examples 6-10 lacked formulations or processes, thus validating the necessity of microencapsulation, the addition of protectants / inducers, air jet milling, a suitable carrier (attapulgite), and a dual-microbe synergistic system. This composition, when diluted and sprayed or drenched, requires no complex preparation, meeting the core needs of home users for convenience, safety, and high efficiency.

[0088] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but as long as they are within the scope of the present invention, they are protected by patent law.

Claims

1. A biological control composition for home gardening crops, characterized in that, It is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of microencapsulated insecticidal active ingredient, 10-15 parts of ion-loaded insecticidal ingredient, 20-25 parts of immobilized functional microbial agent, and 3-5 parts of polyglycerol fatty acid ester.

2. The biological control composition for home gardening crops according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microencapsulated insecticidal active ingredient is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of azadirachtin A and 3-8 parts of styrax chinensis extract.

3. The biological control composition for home gardening crops according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ion-loaded insecticidal ingredient is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts veratrum alkaloids, 2-5 parts pyrethroids, and 20-30 parts attapulgite clay.

4. The biological control composition for home gardening crops according to claim 1, characterized in that, The immobilized functional microbial agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: activated Bacillus subtilis (… Bacillus subtilis XLBS-01 8-12 portions, activated Bacillus belyssus ( Bacillus velezensis ) OOT-47 7-10 parts, oligosaccharide 3-5 parts, amino oligosaccharide 1-3 parts, TiO2-starch 3-8 parts, trehalose-calcium citrate 5-10 parts.

5. A method for preparing a biological control composition for home gardening crops as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1 Microencapsulated insecticidal active ingredients: A mixture of azadirachtin A, cuscuta chinensis extract and chitosan-pectin wall material is spray-dried to form pH-responsive microcapsules with a particle size of 30-50μm. S2 Ion-loaded insecticidal ingredients: Veratrum alkaloids and pyrethroids are dissolved in ethanol, mixed with attapulgite clay, and then dried in a fluidized bed after ion exchange. S3 Immobilized functional bacterial agent: After the activated Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus belye are mixed, they are then mixed with oligosaccharides, amino oligosaccharides and trehalose-calcium citrate, and adsorbed onto TiO2-starch particles. S4 Integration: The microencapsulated insecticidal active ingredient prepared in step S1, the ion-loaded insecticidal ingredient prepared in S2, the immobilized functional microbial agent prepared in S3, and the polyglycerol fatty acid ester are mixed in a three-dimensional vortex at 10-15 rpm for 30-45 min at a temperature of 20-25℃. After vortexing, air jet milling is performed with a classifying wheel of 5000-5500 rpm, an air source pressure of 0.9-1.0 MPa, a feed rate of 11-13 kg / h, and a discharge port temperature of 30-35℃.

6. The method for preparing the biological control composition for home gardening crops according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step S1 involves microencapsulating the insecticidal active ingredient: dissolving a mixture of azadirachtin A and linalool in anhydrous ethanol, and ultrasonically treating it at 40kHz and 200W for 20 minutes to ensure complete dissolution and obtain an oil phase; slowly adding the oil phase dropwise to a chitosan-pectin wall material solution, pre-emulsifying it with magnetic stirring at 1000rpm, transferring it to a homogenizer and circulating it three times under a pressure of 80MPa, and then forming microcapsules by spray drying. The spray drying parameters are: inlet air temperature: 100-110℃; outlet air temperature: 40-50℃; atomization pressure: 0.2-0.3MPa, dual-fluid nozzle, orifice diameter 1.0-1.2mm. Feed rate: 6-8 mL / min.

7. The method for preparing the biological control composition for home gardening crops according to claim 5, characterized in that: Step S2, ion-loading the insecticidal component: Veratrum alkaloids and pyrethroids are mixed, and anhydrous ethanol is added. The mixture is magnetically stirred at 500 rpm and 30-45°C for 30 min until completely dissolved. Insoluble impurities are removed by filtering through a 0.22 μm filter membrane. The solution is concentrated to 1 / 3 of its original volume using a rotary evaporator, a water bath at 50°C, and a vacuum of -0.08 MPa to improve the loading efficiency and obtain mixture A. Attapulgite clay is mixed with mixture A and placed in a constant temperature shaker at 38-45°C and 150-200 rpm for 5-7 h to allow the active ingredient to enter the attapulgite clay through ion exchange and pore adsorption, resulting in mixture B. Mixture B is centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 10 min, and the loaded clay particles are collected and washed twice with 50% ethanol to remove the physically adsorbed active ingredient. The precipitate is centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 10 min and retained. After fluidized bed drying, the precipitate is sealed and stored in a desiccator in a light-proof container.

8. The method for preparing the biological control composition for home gardening crops according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S2, the ion-loaded insecticidal component is dried using the following fluidized bed drying parameters: inlet air temperature: 55-65℃; outlet air temperature: 40-50℃; fluidizing gas velocity: 1.5m³ / h; vibration frequency: 20-30Hz; wet granules are evenly spread on the fluidized bed tray to a thickness of 2-3cm and dried until the moisture content is ≤5%.

9. The method for preparing the biological control composition for home gardening crops according to claim 5, characterized in that: Step S3 involves immobilizing the functional bacterial agent: Activated Bacillus subtilis XLBS-01 is mixed with Bacillus belyssioides OOT-47 to obtain a mixed bacterial solution; the mixed bacterial solution is then mixed with oligosaccharides, amino oligosaccharides, and trehalose-calcium citrate to form a bacterial suspension; TiO2-starch is mixed with the bacterial suspension at a mass ratio of 3:1, transferred to a stirring tank at 4°C, and stirred at 50 rpm for 2 hours; stirring is stopped, and the mixture is allowed to stand at 4°C for 12 hours to allow spores to embed into the carrier pores through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions; after vacuum freeze-drying, the mixture is sealed in nitrogen-filled packaging and stored at 4°C in the dark; the vacuum freeze-drying process conditions are as follows: pre-freezing at 75-85°C, atmospheric pressure, for 2-3 hours; primary drying at -40 to -50°C, 6-8 Pa, for 24-36 hours; and desorption drying at 22-28°C, 3-4 Pa, for 12-18 hours.

10. The application of the biological control composition for home gardening crops according to claims 1-4, characterized in that, The biological control composition for home gardening crops is diluted at a mass ratio of 1:(300-600) and applied to the leaves and roots. For foliar spraying, spray once every 7 days for 5 consecutive times. For soil drenching, drench once every 14 days for 2-3 consecutive times.

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