A heterogeneous rigid-flexible self-adaptive descaling device and descaling method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of isomorphic rigid-flexible self-adapting descaling device and descaling method, containing bearing frame, descaling and spray cleaning component. Descaling component is mirror image arranged rigid-flexible roller, upper and lower layer roller reverse rotation, upper spray component has flushing and self-cleaning function. The device has three advantages: one is the rigid-flexible coupling design of "rigid breaking + flexible cleaning", and the descaling rate is very high;Second is the pure mechanical spring self-adapting pitch adjustment and upper and lower opposite collision design, compatible with multiple specifications of fish, completely solve the problem of jam, stable conveying;Three is the centrifugal resonance of spring high-speed reverse rotation, which is matched with water curtain flushing, realizes disassembly-free high-frequency in-situ self-cleaning, effectively prevents bacteria breeding, and greatly reduces maintenance cost and downtime.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aquatic product processing machinery technology, and in particular to a heterogeneous rigid-flexible adaptive descaling device and descaling method. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous growth in consumer demand for aquatic products, the initial processing of fish is gradually shifting from traditional manual methods to mechanization and automation. Descaling is a crucial pre-processing step in fish processing, and its effectiveness directly affects subsequent gutting, evisceration, and the appearance quality of the finished product. However, existing technologies and descaling equipment on the market still have the following significant shortcomings in terms of adaptability to different fish sizes, descaling completeness, and self-cleaning mechanisms: 1. Single rigid scaling blades are prone to injuring fish and have blind spots: Existing descaling devices mostly rely on rigid mechanical scraping (such as descaling toothed rollers). Although the scraping force is large, due to the significant differences in curvature of the fish's back, abdomen, and the area behind the gills, a single rigid scaling tool cannot flexibly conform to the microscopic undulations of the fish's body. To ensure the descaling rate, a large normal pressure needs to be applied, which can easily lead to damage to the fish skin and the fish flesh.

[0003] 2. Insufficient peeling force of single elastic scaling tools: Although some flexible scaling devices can reduce damage, their rigidity and tangential peeling ability are insufficient. When dealing with medium and large fish (such as grass carp), the elastic element is prone to back-bending deformation, making it difficult to provide sufficient peeling force, resulting in a low main scale removal rate.

[0004] 3. Fixed gap structure is difficult to adapt to fish of different sizes: Existing descaling rollers mostly use fixed gaps or simple spring clamping. When continuously processing fish of different sizes from 0.5kg to 5kg, they lack the real-time adaptive flexible adjustment capability of pure machinery. Large fish are easily over-compressed or stuck, while small fish are missed due to excessive gaps.

[0005] 4. The interior is prone to accumulating dirt and grime and is difficult to clean: During the descaling process, fish scales and high-viscosity mucus can easily become embedded in the gaps of the descaling components. Long-term operation can lead to a sharp drop in the processing performance of the equipment (such as increased friction causing machine jamming) and bacterial growth. Traditional disassembly and cleaning methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive, which seriously restricts the continuous production efficiency of automated production lines. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a heterogeneous rigid-flexible adaptive descaling device. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a heterogeneous rigid-flexible adaptive descaling device to address problems in existing technologies, such as the ease with which a single rigid component can injure fish, insufficient scraping force of a single flexible component, rigid gaps leading to jamming, and extreme difficulty in cleaning the internal parts of the equipment. This invention also provides a heterogeneous rigid-flexible adaptive descaling method.

[0007] A first aspect of the present invention provides a heterogeneous rigid-flexible adaptive descaling device, comprising a support frame, a descaling component, a spray cleaning component, and a control system, wherein the descaling component and the spray cleaning component are mounted on the support frame. The descaling assembly includes a descaling roller support assembly, a drive assembly, a first descaling roller assembly, and a second descaling roller assembly. The first and second descaling roller assemblies are respectively connected to the drive assembly, which is connected to the control system. A fish processing channel is provided between the first and second descaling roller assemblies. Both the first and second descaling roller assemblies include a rigid toothed descaling roller and a flexible helical spring descaling roller, and the rigid toothed descaling roller and the flexible helical spring descaling roller of the first and second descaling roller assemblies are arranged in a mirror image on the fish processing channel. On both sides of the processing channel, the upper rigid toothed descaling roller and flexible spiral spring descaling roller of the first descaling roller assembly and the second descaling roller assembly rotate in opposite directions to the lower rigid toothed descaling roller and flexible spiral spring descaling roller located below them. The upper rigid toothed descaling roller and flexible spiral spring descaling roller rotate in the opposite direction to the fish scale direction to achieve reverse scraping. The first descaling roller assembly and the second descaling roller assembly are respectively mounted on the descaling roller support assembly. The descaling roller support assembly can move along the length of the bearing frame so that the fish processing channel changes according to the size of the fish. The spray cleaning assembly is positioned above the first descaling roller assembly and the second descaling roller assembly. It is used to rinse off the fish scales and mucus during the descaling process and to perform high-pressure spray cleaning on the surfaces of the first descaling roller assembly and the second descaling roller assembly during the self-cleaning process.

[0008] Preferably, the outer periphery of the rigid toothed descaling roller is provided with a rigid scraping blade for breaking and peeling off the main scales of the fish.

[0009] Preferably, the flexible helical spring descaling device described herein employs a helical spring structure, with the spring fixed only at both ends and the middle portion completely suspended, to conform to the curved surface of the fish body and remove residual scales from depressions and transition areas.

[0010] Preferably, in the heterogeneous rigid-flexible adaptive descaling device, the descaling roller support assembly includes multiple bearings, an end support assembly, an optical axis fixing seat, a linear guide optical axis, a fixing ring, a linear optical axis slider, and an adaptive compression spring. The bearings are disposed at the shaft ends of the rigid toothed descaling roller and the rigid toothed descaling roller. The outer ring of the bearing is fitted into the corresponding mounting holes of the end support assembly. The optical axis fixing seat is fixedly mounted on the bearing frame for positioning and supporting the linear guide optical axis. The linear optical axis slider is sleeved on the linear guide optical axis and can reciprocate along the direction of the linear guide optical axis. The adaptive compression spring is sleeved on the linear guide optical axis, with one end abutting or connected to the linear optical axis slider, and the other end limited by the fixing ring. The fixing ring is fixed at a predetermined position on the optical axis to limit the outer end position of the adaptive compression spring, so that the adaptive compression spring is compressed or reset when the linear optical axis slider is displaced. The end support assembly is fixedly connected to the linear optical axis slider and moves synchronously with it along the linear guide optical axis to support the ends of the rigid toothed descaling roller and the flexible helical spring descaling roller. The drive assembly is fixedly connected to the installation position of the end support assembly.

[0011] Preferably, in the heterogeneous rigid-flexible adaptive descaling device, the drive assembly includes multiple motor mounting plates, multiple motor seats, multiple motor mounting pads, and a DC brushless geared motor assembly. The motor mounting plates are fixedly connected to the mounting position of the end support assembly. The motor mounting pads are disposed between the motor mounting plates and the motor seats to adjust the mounting height and coaxiality of the DC brushless geared motor assembly. The DC brushless geared motor assembly is fixedly mounted on the motor seats. The DC brushless geared motor assembly is connected to the rigid toothed descaling roller and the flexible helical spring descaling roller, respectively. The DC brushless geared motor assembly is connected to the control system.

[0012] Preferably, in the heterogeneous rigid-flexible adaptive descaling device, the supporting frame includes an aluminum tube frame beam and a bottom support beam. The bottom support beam is used to improve the rigidity of the bottom of the frame and support the vibration load generated during the operation of the descaling component. The aluminum tube frame beam is used to install the descaling roller support component, the drive component, and the spray cleaning component.

[0013] Preferably, in the heterogeneous rigid-flexible adaptive descaling device, the spray cleaning assembly includes a spray pipe, a high-pressure water gun nozzle, and a pipe clamp. The pipe clamp is fixedly installed on the supporting crossbeam, and the spray pipe is fixed by the pipe clamp. The high-pressure water gun nozzle is installed on the spray pipe and communicates with the internal water passage of the spray pipe. The spray direction of the high-pressure water gun nozzle is towards the rigid toothed descaling roller, the flexible spiral spring descaling roller, and the fish processing channel, for rinsing off scales and mucus during the descaling process and for high-pressure spray cleaning of the descaling roller surface during the self-cleaning process.

[0014] A second aspect of the present invention provides a heterogeneous rigid-flexible adaptive descaling method, including a heterogeneous rigid-flexible adaptive descaling device, specifically comprising the following steps: The fish enters the fish processing channel with the tail first. The thickness of the fish body forces the linear optical axis slider to overcome the resistance of the adaptive compression spring and passively expand to both sides. The reaction force of the purely mechanical spring keeps the rigid toothed descaling roller and the flexible spiral spring descaling roller tightly attached to the surface of the fish body. The fish first comes into contact with the upper rigid toothed descaling roller and the flexible spiral spring descaling roller. The rigid scraping blade of the rigid toothed descaling roller rotates in the opposite direction at high speed to forcefully peel off the hard scales. The flexible spiral spring descaling roller in the same layer undergoes elastic deformation to remove residual scales and make way for the fish body. The fish body continues to descend and comes into contact with the lower rigid toothed descaling roller and the flexible spiral spring descaling roller arranged in a mirror image. The lower rigid toothed descaling roller and the flexible spiral spring descaling roller rotate in the same direction to continue peeling off the scales in the dead corners. At the same time, a downward pulling force is applied to the fish body to counteract the upward pushing force of the upper layer, and the fish body passes through smoothly. During the no-load interval of the equipment or when an increase in the load current of the DC brushless geared motor is detected, the control system takes over the DC brushless geared motor, rapidly increases the speed and instantly reverses it, causing the flexible spiral spring descaling roller to resonate with centrifugal expansion and contraction. Simultaneously, the high-pressure water gun nozzle opens a pulse jet to wash away the loosened impurities, completing the self-cleaning process.

[0015] The beneficial effects are: 1. Extremely high descaling rate and extremely low damage rate: The mirror-coupling design of "rigid dismantling + flexible sweeping" achieves an extremely high descaling rate, while utilizing the ultimate "yielding" characteristic of the suspended spring to control the fish skin damage rate to below 0.5%.

[0016] 2. Multi-specification compatibility and anti-jamming: The purely mechanical spring adaptive distance adjustment mechanism completely solves the problem of "small fish being missed and large fish getting stuck"; the upper and lower layer counter-current rotation design realizes the force balance of the fish body, and the conveying is extremely stable.

[0017] 3. High-frequency self-cleaning without disassembly: By cleverly utilizing the centrifugal resonance physical characteristics of the suspended spring during high-speed reverse rotation, combined with water curtain flushing, it achieves rapid self-cleaning in place, eliminating bacterial growth and dirt accumulation in the equipment from the source, and significantly reducing maintenance costs and downtime. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is the overall isometric structural assembly drawing of the heterogeneous rigid-flexible adaptive descaling device. Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the "rigid descaling roller" and "flexible spring roller" in the descaling assembly, showing their mirrored arrangement and the structure with both ends fixed and the middle suspended. Figure 3 This is a magnified view of a portion of the adaptive distance adjustment module, showing the relationship between the optical axis, optical axis slider, compression spring, optical axis support, and frame connection.

[0019] In the picture: 1. Rigid scraper blade; 2. Support beam; 3. Bearing; 4-1. First flexible spiral spring descaling roller; 4-2. Second flexible spiral spring descaling roller; 9-1. First end support; 9-2. Second end support; 9-3. Third end support; 9-4. Fourth end support; 10-1, First rigid toothed descaling roller; 10-2, Second rigid toothed descaling roller; 13. Optical axis mounting bracket; 14. Motor mounting plate; 16. Retaining ring; 17. Linear optical axis slider; 18. Adaptive compression spring; 19. Motor base; 20. Motor mounting pad; 21. Aluminum tube frame crossbeam; 23. Spray pipe; 24. High-pressure water gun nozzle; 25. Control devices; 27-1, First DC brushless geared motor; 27-2, Second DC brushless geared motor; 27-3, Third DC brushless geared motor; 27-4, Fourth DC brushless geared motor. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the system or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" to define components is merely for the convenience of distinguishing the aforementioned components; unless otherwise stated, these terms have no special meaning and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "setting," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] This invention provides a heterogeneous rigid-flexible adaptive descaling device, comprising a support frame, a descaling assembly, a spray cleaning assembly, and a control system. The descaling assembly and the spray cleaning assembly are mounted on the support frame. The descaling assembly includes a descaling roller support assembly, a drive assembly, a first descaling roller assembly, and a second descaling roller assembly. The first and second descaling roller assemblies are respectively connected to the drive assembly, which is connected to the control system. A fish processing channel is provided between the first and second descaling roller assemblies. Both the first and second descaling roller assemblies include a rigid toothed descaling roller and a flexible helical spring descaling roller, and the rigid toothed descaling roller and the flexible helical spring descaling roller of the first and second descaling roller assemblies are mirror images of each other. Arranged on both sides of the fish processing channel, the upper rigid toothed descaling roller and flexible helical spring descaling roller of the first and second descaling roller assemblies rotate in opposite directions to the lower rigid toothed descaling roller and flexible helical spring descaling roller. The first and second descaling roller assemblies are respectively mounted on the descaling roller support assembly, which is movable along the length of the supporting frame to allow the fish processing channel to adapt to the size of the fish. The spray cleaning assembly is located above the first and second descaling roller assemblies and is used to rinse off the scales and mucus during the descaling process and to perform high-pressure spray cleaning on the surfaces of the first and second descaling roller assemblies during the self-cleaning process. The rigid toothed descaling roller of this invention has a micro-toothed groove structure on its surface, which is specifically designed for high-strength breaking and peeling off the hard main scales on the surface of the fish. The flexible helical spring descaling roller adopts a high-tension helical spring structure, which is fixed only at both ends, with the middle part completely suspended. This design allows it to maintain maximum flexibility and elastic deformation, not only closely conforming to the fish's curved surface to remove residual scales from recessed areas, but also "yielding" to the fish body when encountering significant resistance, avoiding damage to the flesh. The mirror-symmetric arrangement logic: the upper descaling roller uses a combination of rigid and flexible rollers side-by-side, while the lower descaling roller uses a combination of flexible and rigid rollers side-by-side. This eliminates the drawbacks of "all-rigid layers easily damaging the fish, and all-flexible layers failing to scrape cleanly." On the same processing level, the rigid side achieves efficient descaling, while the opposite flexible side conforms to the fish body and elastically yields, achieving a layer-by-layer coupling of rigidity and flexibility, without damaging the fish flesh.

[0024] The following section uses a heterogeneous rigid-flexible adaptive descaling device as an example to illustrate the entire technical process in detail.

[0025] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a heterogeneous rigid-flexible adaptive descaling device includes a support frame, a descaling component, a spray cleaning component, and a control system. The descaling component and the spray cleaning component are mounted on the support frame. The descaling assembly includes a descaling roller support assembly, a drive assembly, a first descaling roller assembly, and a second descaling roller assembly. The first and second descaling roller assemblies are respectively connected to the drive assembly, which is connected to the control system. A fish processing channel is provided between the first and second descaling roller assemblies. Both the first and second descaling roller assemblies include a rigid toothed descaling roller and a flexible spiral spring descaling roller. The flexible spiral spring adopts a high-tension spiral spring structure, with the spring fixed only at both ends and the middle part completely suspended. The rigid toothed descaling roller and the flexible spiral spring descaling roller of the first and second descaling roller assemblies are arranged in a mirror image on both sides of the fish processing channel to form a left-right sandwich descaling channel in the middle. The first and second descaling roller assemblies together form a composite descaling structure that combines rigidity and flexibility and is symmetrically mirrored. The upper rigid toothed descaling roller and flexible spiral spring descaling roller of the first descaling roller assembly and the second descaling roller assembly rotate in the opposite direction to the lower rigid toothed descaling roller and flexible spiral spring descaling roller. The high-speed rotating lower rollers scrape off the fish scales while applying a downward force to the fish body, perfectly counteracting the upward thrust generated when the upper rollers scrape in the opposite direction. The force balance effectively avoids the fish body getting stuck or being knocked away in the processing channel. The first descaling roller assembly and the second descaling roller assembly are respectively mounted on the descaling roller support assembly. The descaling roller support assembly can move along the length of the support frame so that the fish body processing channel can change according to the size of the fish body. The spray cleaning assembly is positioned above the first descaling roller assembly and the second descaling roller assembly. It is used to rinse off the fish scales and mucus during the descaling process and to perform high-pressure spray cleaning on the surfaces of the first descaling roller assembly and the second descaling roller assembly during the self-cleaning process.

[0026] The load-bearing frame includes an aluminum tube frame crossbeam 21 and a bottom support crossbeam 2. The bottom support crossbeam 2 is used to improve the rigidity of the bottom of the frame and support the vibration load generated during the operation of the descaling assembly. The aluminum tube frame crossbeam 21 is used to install the descaling roller support assembly, drive assembly, and spray cleaning assembly.

[0027] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the first descaling roller assembly includes a first rigid toothed descaling roller 10-1 and a first flexible helical spring descaling roller 4-1, with the first rigid toothed descaling roller 10-1 positioned above the first flexible helical spring descaling roller 4-1. The second descaling roller assembly includes a second rigid toothed descaling roller 10-2 and a second flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-2, with the second flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-2 positioned above the second rigid toothed descaling roller 10-2. The first rigid toothed descaling roller 10-1 and the second flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-2 are arranged side by side in parallel. The first flexible helical spring descaling roller 4-1 and the second rigid toothed descaling roller 10-2 are arranged side by side in parallel. The rotation direction of the first rigid toothed descaling roller 10-1 and the second flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-2 is opposite to the direction of the fish scales. That is, the linear velocity of the first rigid toothed descaling roller 10-1 and the second flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-2 on the side close to the fish body should be upward to achieve reverse scraping. The rotation direction of the first flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-1 and the second rigid toothed descaling roller 10-2 is consistent with the direction of the fish scales. That is, the linear velocity of the first flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-1 and the second rigid toothed descaling roller 10-2 on the side close to the fish body should be downward to assist the fish body to continue to descend and to counteract the upward pushing trend generated by the upper reverse scraping, so as to achieve forward scraping.

[0028] Among them, the outer periphery of the first rigid toothed descaling roller 10-1 and the second rigid toothed descaling roller 10-2 is provided with a rigid scraping knife 1, which is used to break and peel off the main scales of the fish.

[0029] The first flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-1 and the second flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-2 have a spiral spring-shaped structure, which is used to conform to the curved surface of the fish body and remove residual scales in the concave and transition areas.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the descaling roller support assembly includes multiple bearings 3, end support assembly 9, optical axis fixing seat 13, linear guide optical axis, fixing ring 16, linear optical axis slider 17, and adaptive compression spring 18. The bearings 3 are located at the shaft ends of the first rigid toothed descaling roller 10-1, the first flexible helical spring descaling roller 4-1, the second rigid toothed descaling roller 10-2, and the second flexible helical spring descaling roller 4-2. The inner ring of the bearing 3 is fixedly connected to the shaft ends of each descaling roller by an interference fit, so that a reliable coaxial positioning and anti-loosening connection is formed between the shaft ends of the descaling roller and the bearing 3. The end support assembly 9 includes a first end support 9-1, a second end support 9-2, a third end support 9-3, and a fourth end support 9-4. Each of the first end support 9-1, the second end support 9-2, the third end support 9-3, and the fourth end support 9-4 has two longitudinally arranged mounting holes. The outer rings of each bearing 3 are respectively embedded in the mounting holes to provide rotational support for each descaling roller, so that the descaling roller can rotate stably around its own axis under the driving action, while avoiding radial sway or axial displacement of each descaling roller during high-speed scraping.

[0031] When fish of different sizes pass through, the thickness of the fish body forces the descaling roller to slide outward along the linear optical axis slider 17 and compress the adaptive compression spring 18. The passive rebound force of the adaptive compression spring 18 is used to dynamically compensate in real time. The purely mechanical structure can maintain the normal pressure on the surface of the fish body by the rigid and flexible rollers, so as to achieve adaptive clamping of fish weighing 0.5kg-5kg.

[0032] The optical axis fixing seat 13 is fixedly installed on the crossbeam 21 of the aluminum tube frame to provide positioning support for the linear guide optical axis. The linear optical axis slider 17 is sleeved on the linear guide optical axis and can slide back and forth along the direction of the linear guide optical axis. The adaptive compression spring 18 is sleeved on the linear guide optical axis, with one end abutting or connected to the linear optical axis slider 17 and the other end limited by the fixing ring 16. The fixing ring 16 is fixed at a predetermined position on the optical axis to limit the position of the outer end of the adaptive compression spring 18, so that the adaptive compression spring 18 is compressed or reset when the linear optical axis slider 17 is displaced, thereby forming an elastic clamping force on the descaling roller. The top and bottom of the first end support 9-1 and the second end support 9-2, and the top and bottom of the third end support 9-3 and the fourth end support 9-4 are respectively provided with linear optical axis sliders 17, which move synchronously along the linear guide optical axis to support the ends of the first rigid toothed descaling roller 10-1, the first flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-1, the second rigid toothed descaling roller 10-2 and the second flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-2. The drive assembly is fixedly connected to the top and bottom of the first end support 9-1 and the second end support 9-2, the third end support 9-3 and the fourth end support 9-4.

[0033] The first rigid toothed descaling roller 10-1, the first flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-1, the second rigid toothed descaling roller 10-2, and the second flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-2 are arranged on the left and right sides along the fish conveying direction. The two ends of the first rigid toothed descaling roller 10-1 and the first flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-1 are set on the second end support 9-2 and the fourth end support 9-4, and the two ends of the second rigid toothed descaling roller 10-2 and the second flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-2 are set on the first end support 9-1 and the third end support 9-3. The drive assembly includes a motor mounting plate 14, a motor base 19, a motor mounting pad 20, a first DC brushless geared motor 27-1, a second DC brushless geared motor 27-2, a third DC brushless geared motor 27-3, and a fourth DC brushless geared motor 27-4. The motor mounting plate 14 is fixedly connected to the corresponding installation positions of the first end support 9-1, the second end support 9-2, the third end support 9-3, and the fourth end support 9-4; The motor mounting pad 20 is placed between the motor mounting plate 14 and the motor base 19. The motor base 19 is fixedly installed on the motor mounting pad 20 to achieve the adjustment of the installation height and coaxiality of the first DC brushless geared motor 27-1, the second DC brushless geared motor 27-2, the third DC brushless geared motor 27-3, and the fourth DC brushless geared motor 27-4. The first brushless DC geared motor 27-1, the second brushless DC geared motor 27-2, the third brushless DC geared motor 27-3, and the fourth brushless DC geared motor 27-4 are respectively mounted on the motor base 19. The first brushless DC geared motor 27-1 is connected to the first rigid toothed descaling roller 10-1, the second brushless DC geared motor 27-2 is connected to the first flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-1, the third brushless DC geared motor 27-3 is connected to the second rigid toothed descaling roller 10-2, and the fourth brushless DC geared motor 27-4 is connected to the second flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-2. The first brushless DC geared motor 27-1, the second brushless DC geared motor 27-2, the third brushless DC geared motor 27-3, and the fourth brushless DC geared motor 27-4 are respectively connected to the control system.

[0034] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the spray cleaning assembly includes a spray pipe 23, a high-pressure water gun nozzle 24, and a pipe clamp 25. The pipe clamp 25 is fixedly installed at the corresponding position of the support beam 2. The spray pipe 23 is fixed by the pipe clamp 25. The high-pressure water gun nozzle 24 is installed on the spray pipe 23 and is connected to the internal water passage of the spray pipe 23. The spray direction of the high-pressure water gun nozzle 24 is towards the first rigid toothed descaling roller 10-1, the second rigid toothed descaling roller 10-2, the first flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-1, the second flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-2, and the fish processing channel. It is used to rinse off the fish scales and mucus during the descaling process and to perform high-pressure spray cleaning on the surface of the descaling roller during the self-cleaning process.

[0035] When self-cleaning is triggered, the control system reverses the first DC brushless geared motor 27-1, the second DC brushless geared motor 27-2, the third DC brushless geared motor 27-3, and the fourth DC brushless geared motor 27-4. At this time, the excitation frequency matches the natural frequency of the suspended spring, causing the flexible helical spring suspended in the middle to generate a violent "expansion and contraction resonance" under strong centrifugal force, which physically destroys the clamping force of scales and mucus. Combined with the pulse flushing of the high-pressure water gun, in-situ cleaning without disassembly is achieved within 3 seconds.

[0036] Work process: During operation, the first DC brushless geared motor 27-1, the second DC brushless geared motor 27-2, the third DC brushless geared motor 27-3, and the fourth DC brushless geared motor 27-4 are started first. The first DC brushless geared motor 27-1, the second DC brushless geared motor 27-2, the third DC brushless geared motor 27-3, and the fourth DC brushless geared motor 27-4 drive the first rigid toothed descaling roller 10-1, the second rigid toothed descaling roller 10-2, the first flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-1, and the second flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-2 to rotate respectively. The fish to be processed enters through the fish processing channel. After entering the clamping and descaling area formed by the first rigid toothed descaling roller 10-1 and the second flexible helical spring descaling roller 4-2, the thickness of the fish pushes the corresponding first rigid toothed descaling roller 10-1 and second flexible helical spring descaling roller 4-2 outward. The first end support 9-1, the second end support 9-2, the third end support 9-3, and the fourth end support 9-4 drive the linear optical axis slider 17 to slide along the linear guide optical axis and compress the adaptive compression spring 18. Under the limiting action of the fixed ring 16, the adaptive compression spring 18 generates a rebound force, so that the second flexible helical spring descaling roller 4-2 always maintains a tendency to adhere to the surface of the fish, thereby achieving adaptive clamping of fish of different thicknesses.

[0037] During the descaling process, the first rigid toothed descaling roller 10-1 rotates at high speed, and the rigid scraping blade 1 on its outer periphery generates a relative scraping motion with the fish scales, breaking, prying up and peeling off the main scales that are firmly attached to the fish surface. The rigid scraping blade 1 can provide a large tangential scraping force, which is suitable for treating areas with high scale adhesion, such as the sides and back of the fish.

[0038] Simultaneously, the first flexible helical spring descaling roller 4-1 and the second flexible helical spring descaling roller 4-2 rotate with the second DC brushless geared motor 27-2 and the fourth DC brushless geared motor 27-4, respectively. Because the first flexible helical spring descaling roller 4-1 and the second flexible helical spring descaling roller 4-2 have elastic deformation capabilities and deflection, when they contact the fish surface, they can locally bend and adjust according to the curvature changes of the fish's back, abdomen, and gill posterior region, thus conforming to the fish's curved surface. The first flexible helical spring descaling roller 4-1 and the second flexible helical spring descaling roller 4-2 are mainly used to remove the small scales remaining after treatment by the rigid scaler 1, and to supplement descaling in concave areas and areas with large curvature changes, reducing missed areas and avoiding damage to the fish skin due to excessive rigid compression. When the fish is large, the fish body will push the entire descaling roller assembly to slide outwards, further compressing the adaptive compression spring 18, automatically increasing the descaling channel. When the fish is small, the adaptive compression spring 18 pushes the linear optical axis slider 17, the first end support 9-1, the second end support 9-2, the third end support 9-3, and the fourth end support 9-4 to return to their original positions, allowing the first rigid toothed descaling roller 10-1, the second rigid toothed descaling roller 10-2, the first flexible helical spring descaling roller 4-1, and the second flexible helical spring descaling roller 4-2 to remain in contact with the fish surface. Thus, this device can achieve adaptive distance adjustment and stable clamping of fish of different sizes by relying on a mechanical elastic structure without depending on a complex electronically controlled distance adjustment mechanism. During the descaling process, the high-pressure water gun nozzle 24 can continuously or intermittently spray cleaning water through the spray pipe 23. The water flow washes away the scales and mucus that have fallen off the fish's body surface, and also washes the surfaces of the first rigid toothed descaling roller 10-1, the second rigid toothed descaling roller 10-2, the first flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-1, and the second flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-2, preventing scales, mucus, and blood from accumulating in the gaps between the descaling rollers and reducing the risk of the mechanism jamming.

[0039] After the device has been running for a period of time, if the number of processing cycles reaches a preset value, or if the increased amount of adhesive on the surface of the descaling rollers leads to an increased load on the first DC brushless geared motor 27-1, the second DC brushless geared motor 27-2, the third DC brushless geared motor 27-3, and the fourth DC brushless geared motor 27-4, then the device enters the in-situ self-cleaning process. At this time, the high-pressure water gun nozzle 24 intensifies the spraying, and the first DC brushless geared motor 27-1, the second DC brushless geared motor 27-2, the third DC brushless geared motor 27-3, and the fourth DC brushless geared motor 27-4 drive the first rigid toothed descaling roller 10-1, the second rigid toothed descaling roller 10-2, the first flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-1, and the second flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-2 to rotate at high speed or in the opposite direction. The first flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-1 and the second flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-2 generate centrifugal expansion and contraction and vibration under high-speed rotation, which causes fish scales, mucus and impurities attached to the gap of the spiral spring to be thrown out and carried away by the water flow sprayed from the high-pressure water gun nozzle 24, thereby achieving in-situ cleaning without disassembly and ensuring the continuous processing capacity of the equipment and the food hygiene performance.

[0040] Therefore, the intelligent self-cleaning mode of this device is set as follows: when self-cleaning is triggered, the control system reverses the DC brushless motor. The centrifugal force generated at this time is perfectly superimposed with the "expansion and contraction resonance" effect of the suspended spring, which completely destroys the adhesion stress of dirt and achieves physical-level rapid cleaning without disassembly.

[0041] Example 2 A heterogeneous rigid-flexible adaptive descaling method, including the heterogeneous rigid-flexible adaptive descaling device in Example 1, specifically includes the following steps: S1: The fish enters the fish processing channel with the tail first. The thickness of the fish body forces the linear optical axis slider 17 to overcome the resistance of the adaptive compression spring 18 and passively open to both sides. The reaction force of the purely mechanical spring tightly presses the first rigid toothed descaling roller 10-1 and the second flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-2, and the first flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-1 and the second rigid toothed descaling roller 10-2 against the surface of the fish body by normal pressing force.

[0042] S2: The fish body first contacts the first rigid toothed descaling roller 10-1 and the second flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-2 on the upper layer. The rigid scraping blade 1 of the first rigid toothed descaling roller 10-1 rotates in the opposite direction at high speed to forcefully peel off the hard scales. The second flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-2 on the same layer undergoes elastic deformation to remove residual scales and make way for the fish body. The fish body continues to descend and contacts the second rigid toothed descaling roller 10-2 and the first flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-1 arranged in the mirror image on the lower layer. The second rigid toothed descaling roller 10-2 and the first flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-1 rotate in the same direction to continue peeling off the scales in the dead corners. At the same time, a downward pulling force is applied to the fish body to counteract the upward pushing force of the upper layer, and the fish body passes through smoothly.

[0043] S3: During the no-load interval of the equipment or when an increase in the load current of the first DC brushless geared motor 27-1, the second DC brushless geared motor 27-2, the third DC brushless geared motor 27-3, and the fourth DC brushless geared motor 27-4 is detected, the control system takes over the first DC brushless geared motor 27-1, the second DC brushless geared motor 27-2, the third DC brushless geared motor 27-3, and the fourth DC brushless geared motor 27-4, rapidly increasing their speed and instantly reversing them. This causes the first flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-1 and the second flexible spiral spring descaling roller 4-2 to undergo centrifugal expansion and contraction resonance. The high-pressure water gun nozzle 24 simultaneously opens the pulse jet to wash away the loosened impurities, completing the self-cleaning process.

[0044] In step S3, the self-cleaning process takes 3 seconds.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heterogeneous rigid-flexible adaptive descaling device, characterized in that, It includes a support frame, a descaling assembly, a spray cleaning assembly, and a control system, wherein the descaling assembly and the spray cleaning assembly are mounted on the support frame; The descaling assembly includes a descaling roller support assembly, a drive assembly, a first descaling roller assembly, and a second descaling roller assembly. The first and second descaling roller assemblies are respectively connected to the drive assembly, which is connected to the control system. A fish processing channel is provided between the first and second descaling roller assemblies. Both the first and second descaling roller assemblies include a rigid toothed descaling roller and a flexible helical spring descaling roller, and the rigid toothed descaling roller and the flexible helical spring descaling roller of the first and second descaling roller assemblies are arranged in a mirror image on the fish processing channel. On both sides of the processing channel, the upper rigid toothed descaling roller and flexible spiral spring descaling roller of the first descaling roller assembly and the second descaling roller assembly rotate in opposite directions to the lower rigid toothed descaling roller and flexible spiral spring descaling roller located below them. The upper rigid toothed descaling roller and flexible spiral spring descaling roller rotate in the opposite direction to the fish scale direction to achieve reverse scraping. The first descaling roller assembly and the second descaling roller assembly are respectively mounted on the descaling roller support assembly. The descaling roller support assembly can move along the length of the bearing frame so that the fish processing channel changes according to the size of the fish. The spray cleaning assembly is positioned above the first descaling roller assembly and the second descaling roller assembly. It is used to rinse off the fish scales and mucus during the descaling process and to perform high-pressure spray cleaning on the surfaces of the first descaling roller assembly and the second descaling roller assembly during the self-cleaning process.

2. The heterogeneous rigid-flexible adaptive descaling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer periphery of the rigid toothed descaling roller is provided with a rigid scraping knife (1) for breaking and peeling off the main scales of the fish.

3. The heterogeneous rigid-flexible adaptive descaling device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flexible spiral spring descaling roller adopts a spiral spring structure, with the spring fixed only at both ends and the middle part completely suspended. It is used to conform to the curved surface of the fish body and remove residual scales in the concave and transition areas.

4. The heterogeneous rigid-flexible adaptive descaling device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The descaling roller support assembly includes multiple bearings (3), an end support assembly, an optical axis fixing seat (13), a linear guide optical axis, a fixing ring (16), a linear optical axis slider (17), and an adaptive compression spring (18). The bearings (3) are located at the shaft ends of the rigid toothed descaling roller and the rigid toothed descaling roller. The outer ring of the bearing (3) is fitted into the mounting hole of the corresponding end support assembly. The optical axis fixing seat (13) is fixedly installed on the bearing frame for positioning and supporting the linear guide optical axis. The linear optical axis slider (17) is sleeved on the linear guide optical axis and can slide back and forth along the direction of the linear guide optical axis. The adaptive compression spring... (18) is sleeved on the linear guide optical axis, one end of which abuts against or is connected to the linear optical axis slider (17), and the other end is limited by the fixing ring (16). The fixing ring (16) is fixed at a predetermined position on the optical axis to limit the outer end position of the adaptive compression spring (18), so that the adaptive compression spring (18) is compressed or reset when the linear optical axis slider (17) is displaced. The end support assembly is fixedly connected to the linear optical axis slider (17) and moves synchronously with it along the linear guide optical axis to support the ends of the rigid toothed descaling roller and the flexible spiral spring descaling roller. The drive assembly is fixedly connected to the installation position of the end support assembly.

5. The heterogeneous rigid-flexible adaptive descaling device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The drive assembly includes multiple motor mounting plates (14), multiple motor mounts (19), multiple motor mounting pads (20), and a DC brushless geared motor assembly. The motor mounting plates (14) are fixedly connected to the installation position of the end support assembly. The motor mounting pads (20) are disposed between the motor mounting plates (14) and the motor mounts (19) to adjust the installation height and coaxiality of the DC brushless geared motor assembly. The DC brushless geared motor assembly is fixedly installed on the motor mounts (19). The DC brushless geared motor assembly is connected to the rigid toothed descaling roller and the flexible spiral spring descaling roller, respectively. The DC brushless geared motor assembly is connected to the control system.

6. The heterogeneous rigid-flexible adaptive descaling device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The load-bearing frame includes an aluminum tube frame crossbeam (21) and a bottom support crossbeam (2). The bottom support crossbeam (2) is used to improve the rigidity of the bottom of the frame and support the vibration load generated during the operation of the descaling assembly. The aluminum tube frame crossbeam (21) is used to install the descaling roller support assembly, the drive assembly, and the spray cleaning assembly.

7. The heterogeneous rigid-flexible adaptive descaling device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The spray cleaning assembly includes a spray pipe (23), a high-pressure water gun nozzle (24), and a pipe clamp (25). The pipe clamp (25) is fixedly installed on the support beam (2). The spray pipe (23) is fixed by the pipe clamp (25). The high-pressure water gun nozzle (24) is installed on the spray pipe (23) and communicates with the water passage inside the spray pipe (23). The spray direction of the high-pressure water gun nozzle (24) is towards the rigid toothed descaling roller, the flexible spiral spring descaling roller, and the fish processing channel. It is used to rinse off the scales and mucus during the descaling process and to perform high-pressure spray cleaning on the surface of the descaling roller during the self-cleaning process.

8. A heterogeneous rigid-flexible adaptive descaling method, characterized in that, The heterogeneous rigid-flexible adaptive descaling device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 specifically includes the following steps: The fish enters the fish processing channel with the tail first. The thickness of the fish body forces the linear optical axis slider (17) to overcome the resistance of the adaptive compression spring (18) and passively open to both sides. The reaction force of the pure mechanical spring will keep the rigid toothed descaling roller and the flexible spiral spring descaling roller tightly attached to the surface of the fish body. The fish body first contacts the upper rigid toothed descaling roller and the flexible spiral spring descaling roller. The rigid scraping blade (1) of the rigid toothed descaling roller rotates in the opposite direction at high speed to forcefully peel off the hard scales. The flexible spiral spring descaling roller in the same layer undergoes elastic deformation to remove residual scales and make way for the fish body. The fish body continues to descend and contacts the lower rigid toothed descaling roller and the flexible spiral spring descaling roller arranged in the same direction. The lower rigid toothed descaling roller and the flexible spiral spring descaling roller rotate in the same direction to continue peeling off the dead corner scales. At the same time, a downward pulling force is applied to the fish body to counteract the upward pushing force of the upper layer, and the fish body passes through smoothly. When the equipment is idle or when the load current of the DC brushless geared motor is increased, the control system takes over the DC brushless geared motor, increases the speed rapidly and reverses instantly, causing the flexible spiral spring descaling roller to resonate with centrifugal expansion and contraction. The high-pressure water gun nozzle (24) simultaneously opens the pulse jet to wash away the loosened impurities and complete the self-cleaning process.

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