A feed additive based on trichosanthes fruit and its preparation method and application in fattening pig feed

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of feed additives based on Gualou and its preparation method and application in fattening pig feed, the preparation raw material of the feed additives based on Gualou includes Gualou pulp 45-55 parts, plant feed raw material 20-35 parts, Nai micro green ball algae powder 6-12 parts, round ischenanthus seed shell powder 5-10 parts, fermentation inoculant 5-10 parts, compound auxiliary agent 3-5 parts by weight.The present application is by Gualou pulp as main raw material, with plant feed raw material, Nai micro green ball algae powder, round ischenanthus seed shell powder etc. are compounded according to specific proportion and added for specific time, and using the step-by-step fermentation process of first aerobic then anaerobic, so that the obtained feed additive is in promoting pig growth, improving pork quality and reducing breeding odor emission all achieve remarkable effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of feed additive technology, specifically relating to a feed additive based on Trichosanthes kirilowii, its preparation method, and its application in fattening pig feed. Background Technology

[0002] The Yamashita Black Pig (or Yamashita Black Pig for short) is bred from Berkshire pigs as the sire and Lichai Black pigs as the dam. It combines the advantages of foreign pig breeds, such as fast growth and high meat yield, with local pig breeds, such as excellent meat quality and tolerance to roughage. In addition, it has a unique multi-rib gene, which gives it 1-2 more pairs of ribs than ordinary commercial pigs. It has higher economic benefits and has become one of the core breeds for the development of my country's high-quality black pig industry.

[0003] Trichosanthes kirilowii is a traditional Chinese medicinal and edible plant. During the processing of Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds, a byproduct consisting of 60%-70% of the fresh fruit weight is produced. Currently, most of this byproduct is discarded or burned, causing huge waste of resources and serious environmental problems. Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp is rich in carbohydrates, crude protein, minerals, and bioactive components such as flavonoids and polysaccharides, making it a highly promising unconventional feed resource. However, direct feeding has problems such as high crude fiber content, low digestibility and utilization rate, poor palatability, and difficulty in storage and transportation. Microbial fermentation technology can effectively degrade crude fiber, improve palatability, extend shelf life, and increase bioactive substances such as probiotics and enzymes, making it a key technology for achieving efficient feed utilization of plant raw materials.

[0004] However, using Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp alone to prepare fermented feed additives has problems such as a single fermentation process, insufficient synergy of functional components, and limited effect on improving the growth performance and meat quality of fattening pigs. In particular, for high-quality black pig breeds such as Shanxia Black Pig, how to improve the growth rate and feed conversion efficiency while further increasing the lean meat percentage and reducing the odor emissions from breeding remains a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and provide a feed additive based on Trichosanthes kirilowii, its preparation method, and its application in fattening pig feed.

[0006] The present invention achieves the above objectives through the following technical solutions: This invention provides a feed additive based on Trichosanthes kirilowii. The raw materials for preparing the feed additive based on Trichosanthes kirilowii include, by weight, 45-55 parts of Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp, 20-35 parts of plant-based feed ingredients, 6-12 parts of *Micrococcus pluvialis* powder, 5-10 parts of *Plantago asiatica* husk powder, 5-10 parts of fermentation agent, and 3-5 parts of compound auxiliary agent.

[0007] As a further optimization of the present invention, the plant-based feed ingredients include at least one of soybean meal, wheat bran, rice bran, and rapeseed meal.

[0008] As a further optimization of the present invention, the fermentation agent includes aerobic fermentation agent and anaerobic fermentation agent; The aerobic fermentation agent includes at least one of Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis; The anaerobic fermentation agent includes at least one of Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

[0009] As a further optimization of the present invention, the composite auxiliary agent includes a multidimensional auxiliary agent and a mineral auxiliary agent; The multidimensional adjuvant includes at least one of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K; The mineral adjuvant includes at least one of sodium chloride, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, and potassium iodide.

[0010] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the Trichosanthes kirilowii-based feed additive as described above, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Squeeze the water out of the fresh Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp, crush it, and mix it evenly with plant-based feed ingredients and Pseudochlorophyll powder according to the formula to obtain a mixed matrix. Use the water squeezed out of the fresh Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp to adjust the moisture content of the mixed matrix to 50%-65%. Step 2: Mix the aerobic fermentation agent evenly into the mixed substrate according to the formula, continuously introduce sterile air, and carry out aerobic fermentation to obtain aerobic fermentation products. Step 3: Mix the anaerobic fermentation agent and psyllium husk powder evenly into the aerobic fermentation product according to the formula. Compact and seal the aerobic fermentation product to isolate it from the air and carry out anaerobic fermentation to obtain the anaerobic fermentation product. After sterilization, the fermented material is obtained. Step 4: Dry the fermented material to a moisture content of ≤5%, then crush and freeze-dry it to obtain a feed additive based on Trichosanthes kirilowii.

[0011] As a further optimization of the present invention, in step two, the aerobic fermentation specifically involves maintaining the thickness of the mixed substrate layer at 30-50 cm and fermenting it at a temperature of 25-32°C for 2-5 days, during which time the substrate is turned over once every 8-12 hours.

[0012] As a further optimization of the present invention, in step three, the anaerobic fermentation specifically involves anaerobic fermenting the aerobic fermentation product in an air-isolated state at a temperature of 15-25°C for 5-8 days.

[0013] The present invention also provides the application of the Trichosanthes kirilowii-based feed additive as described above in fattening pig feed.

[0014] As a further optimization of the present invention, the amount of the feed additive based on Trichosanthes kirilowii added to the diet is 20-30 wt%.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1) This invention uses Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp as the main raw material, and mixes it with plant-based feed ingredients, Pseudochlorophyll powder, and Psyllium husk powder in a specific ratio and adds it at a specific time. It also adopts a stepwise fermentation process of first aerobic and then anaerobic fermentation. The resulting feed additive has significant effects in promoting pig growth, improving pork quality and reducing odor emissions from livestock farming. 2) This invention, by adding *Pseudochlorophyllariae* powder and *Plantago asiatica* shell powder to a fermented feed additive system with *Trichosanthes kirilowii* pulp as the main raw material, and controlling their participation in the fermentation process at specific fermentation stages, can effectively improve the lean meat rate of pigs without increasing fat deposition, thus effectively improving pork quality.

[0016] 3) This invention can transform Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp into a high-efficiency feed additive through microbial fermentation technology, which has good economic and environmental benefits and realizes the high-value utilization of Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp by-products as feed. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present application will now be described in further detail. It should be noted that the following specific embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0018] I. Materials 1. Trichosanthes pulp: This is the pulp inside the fruit of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. (excluding seeds), and is a byproduct produced during the processing of Trichosanthes seeds; 2. Plant-based feed ingredients: including at least one of soybean meal, wheat bran, rice bran, and rapeseed meal. In the following embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention, soybean meal, wheat bran, rice bran, and rapeseed meal are used in a mass ratio of 1:1.2:1.5:1.5. 3. Multivitamin supplement: at least one of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K; in the following embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K are used in a mass ratio of 1:1.4:1.1:1.2:1.7:1.6:1.2:0.8. 4. Mineral additives: including at least one of sodium chloride, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, and potassium iodide; in the following embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention, sodium chloride, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, and potassium iodide are used in a mass ratio of 1:1.5:1.2:0.7:0.8:0.5. 5. Aspergillus niger: Purchased from Nanjing Bermuda Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; 6. Bacillus subtilis: Purchased from Shenzhen Lefu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., CAS: 68038-70-0; 7. Lactobacillus plantarum: Purchased from Leshengyuan Biotechnology (Nanjing) Co., Ltd., purity 99%. 8. Brewing yeast: Purchased from Shenzhen Jinfuyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., CAS: 68876-77-7, purity 99%.

[0019] Unless otherwise specified, the methods used in this invention are conventional methods known to those skilled in the art, and the raw materials and reagents used are commercially available products.

[0020] II. Methods Example 1

[0021] In this embodiment, a feed additive based on Trichosanthes kirilowii is provided. The raw materials for its preparation include, by weight, 45 parts of Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp, 30 parts of plant-based feed ingredients, 6 parts of *Micrococcus pluvialis* powder, 5 parts of *Plantago asiatica* shell powder, 9 parts of fermentation agent, and 5 parts of compound auxiliary agent. A method for preparing a feed additive based on Trichosanthes kirilowii is also provided, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Squeeze the water out of the fresh Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp, crush it (particle size 1-2cm), and mix it evenly with plant-based feed ingredients and Pseudochlorophyll powder according to the formula to obtain a mixed matrix. Use the water squeezed out of the fresh Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp to adjust the moisture content of the mixed matrix to 58%. Step 2: Mix the aerobic fermentation agent evenly into the mixed substrate according to the formula. The thickness of the mixed substrate layer should be maintained at 35cm. Sterile air should be continuously introduced and aerobic fermentation should be carried out at 28°C for 3 days. During this period, the pile should be turned over once every 12 hours. After the fermentation is completed, the aerobic fermentation product is obtained. Step 3: Mix the anaerobic fermentation agent and psyllium husk powder evenly into the aerobic fermentation product according to the formula. Compact and seal the aerobic fermentation product and carry out anaerobic fermentation at 18°C ​​for 7 days in an air-isolated state. Obtain the anaerobic fermentation product by anaerobic fermentation and sterilize it to obtain the fermented material. In this embodiment, Bacillus subtilis is used as the aerobic fermentation agent, and Lactobacillus plantarum is used as the anaerobic fermentation agent. Step 4: Dry the fermented material to a moisture content of ≤5%, then crush and freeze-dry it to obtain a feed additive based on Trichosanthes kirilowii.

[0022] Example 2

[0023] In this embodiment, a feed additive based on Trichosanthes kirilowii is provided. The raw materials for its preparation include, by weight, 48 parts of Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp, 27 parts of plant-based feed ingredients, 8 parts of *Micrococcus pluvialis* powder, 6 parts of *Plantago asiatica* shell powder, 7 parts of fermentation agent, and 4 parts of compound auxiliary agent. In this embodiment, Bacillus subtilis is used as the aerobic fermentation agent, and Lactobacillus plantarum is used as the anaerobic fermentation agent. The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0024] Example 3

[0025] In this embodiment, a feed additive based on Trichosanthes kirilowii is provided. The raw materials for its preparation include, by weight, 52 parts of Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp, 20 parts of plant-based feed ingredients, 9 parts of *Micrococcus pluvialis* powder, 10 parts of *Plantago asiatica* shell powder, 6 parts of fermentation agent, and 3 parts of compound auxiliary agent. In this embodiment, Bacillus subtilis is used as the aerobic fermentation agent, and Lactobacillus plantarum is used as the anaerobic fermentation agent. The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0026] Example 4

[0027] In this embodiment, adjustments were made based on Example 2. The adjusted version uses Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis (in a mass ratio of 1:1.2) as the aerobic fermentation agent and Lactobacillus plantarum as the anaerobic fermentation agent. Everything else is consistent with Example 2.

[0028] Example 5

[0029] In this embodiment, adjustments were made based on Example 2. The adjusted version uses Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis (mass ratio of 1:1.2) as the aerobic fermentation agent and Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (mass ratio of 1:0.8) as the anaerobic fermentation agent. Everything else is consistent with Example 2.

[0030] Comparative Example 1 In this comparative example, a method for preparing a feed additive based on Trichosanthes kirilowii is provided, the raw materials of which are the same as those in Example 5, and the method includes the following steps: Step 1: Squeeze the water out of the fresh Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp, crush it (particle size 1-2cm), and mix it evenly with the plant-based feed ingredients according to the formula to obtain a mixed matrix. Use the water squeezed out of the fresh Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp to adjust the moisture content of the mixed matrix to 58%. Step 2: Mix the aerobic fermentation agent evenly into the mixed substrate according to the formula. The thickness of the mixed substrate layer should be maintained at 35cm. Sterile air should be continuously introduced and aerobic fermentation should be carried out at 28°C for 3 days. During this period, the pile should be turned over once every 12 hours. After the fermentation is completed, the aerobic fermentation product is obtained. Step 3: Mix the anaerobic fermentation agent and psyllium husk powder evenly into the aerobic fermentation product according to the formula. Compact and seal the aerobic fermentation product and carry out anaerobic fermentation at 18°C ​​for 7 days in an air-isolated state. Obtain the anaerobic fermentation product by anaerobic fermentation and sterilize it to obtain the fermented material. In this embodiment, the aerobic fermentation agent is Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis (mass ratio of 1:1.2), and the anaerobic fermentation agent is Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (mass ratio of 1:0.8). Step 4: Dry the fermented material to a moisture content of ≤5%, pulverize it, mix it evenly with the *Pseudochlorophyllaria* powder according to the formula, and then freeze-dry it to obtain a feed additive based on *Trichosanthes kirilowii*.

[0031] Comparative Example 2 In this comparative example, a method for preparing a feed additive based on Trichosanthes kirilowii is provided, the raw materials of which are the same as those in Example 5, and the method includes the following steps: Step 1: Squeeze the water out of the fresh Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp, crush it (particle size 1-2cm), and mix it evenly with the plant-based feed ingredients according to the formula to obtain a mixed matrix. Use the water squeezed out of the fresh Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp to adjust the moisture content of the mixed matrix to 58%. Step 2: Mix the aerobic fermentation agent and pseudochlorophyll powder evenly into the mixed substrate according to the formula. The thickness of the mixed substrate layer should be maintained at 35cm. Sterile air should be continuously introduced and aerobic fermentation should be carried out at 28°C for 3 days. During this period, the pile should be turned over once every 12 hours. After the fermentation is completed, the aerobic fermentation product is obtained. Step 3: Mix the anaerobic fermentation agent and psyllium husk powder evenly into the aerobic fermentation product according to the formula. Compact and seal the aerobic fermentation product and carry out anaerobic fermentation at 18°C ​​for 7 days in an air-isolated state. Obtain the anaerobic fermentation product by anaerobic fermentation and sterilize it to obtain the fermented material. In this embodiment, the aerobic fermentation agent is Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis (mass ratio of 1:1.2), and the anaerobic fermentation agent is Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (mass ratio of 1:0.8). Step 4: Dry the fermented material to a moisture content of ≤5%, then crush and freeze-dry it to obtain a feed additive based on Trichosanthes kirilowii.

[0032] Comparative Example 3 In this comparative example, a method for preparing a feed additive based on Trichosanthes kirilowii is provided, the raw materials of which are the same as those in Example 5, and the method includes the following steps: Step 1: Squeeze the water out of the fresh Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp, crush it (particle size 1-2cm), and mix it evenly with plant-based feed ingredients and Pseudochlorophyll powder according to the formula to obtain a mixed matrix. Use the water squeezed out of the fresh Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp to adjust the moisture content of the mixed matrix to 58%. Step 2: Mix the aerobic fermentation agent evenly into the mixed substrate according to the formula. The thickness of the mixed substrate layer should be maintained at 35cm. Sterile air should be continuously introduced and aerobic fermentation should be carried out at 28°C for 3 days. During this period, the pile should be turned over once every 12 hours. After the fermentation is completed, the aerobic fermentation product is obtained. Step 3: Mix the anaerobic fermentation agent evenly into the aerobic fermentation product according to the formula, compact and seal the aerobic fermentation product, and carry out anaerobic fermentation at 18℃ for 7 days in an air-isolated state to obtain the anaerobic fermentation product. After sterilization, the fermented material is obtained. In this embodiment, the aerobic fermentation agent is Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis (mass ratio of 1:1.2), and the anaerobic fermentation agent is Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (mass ratio of 1:0.8). Step 4: Dry the fermented material to a moisture content of ≤5%, crush it, mix it evenly with psyllium husk powder according to the formula, and then freeze-dry it to obtain a feed additive based on Trichosanthes kirilowii.

[0033] Comparative Example 4 In this comparative example, a feed additive based on Trichosanthes kirilowii is provided. The raw materials for its preparation, by weight, include 52 parts of Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp, 20 parts of plant-based feed ingredients, 9 parts of Spirulina powder, 10 parts of Psyllium husk powder, 6 parts of fermentation agent, and 3 parts of compound auxiliary agent. In this embodiment, the aerobic fermentation agent is Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis (mass ratio of 1:1.2), and the anaerobic fermentation agent is Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (mass ratio of 1:0.8). The preparation method is the same as in Example 5.

[0034] Comparative Example 5 In this comparative example, a feed additive based on Trichosanthes kirilowii is provided. The raw materials for its preparation, by weight, include 52 parts of Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp, 20 parts of plant-based feed ingredients, 9 parts of Phyllostachys edulis powder, 10 parts of chia seed powder, 6 parts of fermentation agent, and 3 parts of compound auxiliary agent. In this embodiment, the aerobic fermentation agent is Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis (mass ratio of 1:1.2), and the anaerobic fermentation agent is Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (mass ratio of 1:0.8). The preparation method is the same as in Example 5.

[0035] Comparative Example 6 In this comparative example, a feed additive based on Trichosanthes kirilowii is provided. The raw materials for its preparation, by weight, include 52 parts of Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp, 20 parts of plant-based feed ingredients, 9 parts of spirulina powder, 10 parts of chia seed powder, 6 parts of fermentation agent, and 3 parts of compound auxiliary agent. In this embodiment, the aerobic fermentation agent is Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis (mass ratio of 1:1.2), and the anaerobic fermentation agent is Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (mass ratio of 1:0.8). The preparation method is the same as in Example 5.

[0036] III. Experiment Black pigs from Shanxia with an average weight of 63.45 kg ± 3.50 kg were randomly divided into 11 groups, with 3 replicates per group and 4 pigs per replicate. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1, designated as Example Groups 1-5 and Comparative Groups 1-6. The feeding period was 90 days. The Trichosanthes kirilowii-based feed additive from Example Groups 1-5 and Comparative Groups 1-6 was added to the basal diet at a rate of 20-30 wt% (25.5 wt% was used in the following experiments). After mixing with water, the additive was added to the feed trough (wet feed). The pigs had free access to feed and water. During the experiment, the feeding and management methods for each group were exactly the same, including routine farm management practices such as immunization, deworming, and daily disinfection. The composition and nutritional levels of the basal diet are shown in Table 1. Table 1. Composition and Nutritional Levels of the Basal Diet 3.1 Growth Performance Test of Mountain Black Pigs Before and after the experiment, each pig was weighed in each pen in the morning to accurately record its initial and final weight. The amount of feed given to each group was recorded daily, and the average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR = average daily feed intake / average daily weight gain) were calculated. The experimental data are shown in Table 2 below. Table 2. Statistics of Pig Growth Performance Test Data Experimental Conclusions: Comparisons showed that the average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio of Examples 1-5 were significantly better than those of Comparative Examples 1-6. Example 5 exhibited the best growth performance. Comparative Examples 1-3, by altering the addition process of *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* powder or *Plantago asiatica* husk powder, showed a significant decrease in average daily weight gain and a significant increase in feed conversion ratio. This indicates that *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* powder and *Plantago asiatica* husk powder participate in the fermentation process at specific fermentation stages, playing a crucial role in improving feed conversion efficiency and promoting pig growth. However, when spirulina powder or chia seed powder was used to replace the raw materials of this invention, the growth performance was significantly inferior to that of the Example groups. This suggests that in the fermented feed additive system with *Trichosanthes kirilowii* pulp as the main raw material, its combination with *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* powder and *Plantago asiatica* husk powder may have a certain synergistic effect.

[0037] 3.2 Carcass quality performance test and lean meat percentage test of Yamashita Black Pig After the feeding experiment in Experiment 3.1 above, the Yamashita Black Pigs in each example and comparative example were slaughtered, and the lean meat percentage and backfat thickness were measured according to the "NY / T 825-2004 Technical Specification for Determination of Carcass Characteristics of Lean-type Pigs". The lean meat percentage (%) = lean meat weight / live body weight × 100. The specific data are shown in Table 3 below: Table 3. Statistical data on lean meat percentage and backfat thickness of pork. Experimental conclusions: Comparisons showed that the lean meat percentage of the black pigs in Example 5 was the highest, and there was no significant difference in backfat thickness among the groups. This indicates that the present invention increased lean meat percentage without increasing fat deposition. Comparative Examples 1-3 experienced a decrease in lean meat percentage due to process adjustments, further confirming the importance of the timing of *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* powder and *Plantago asiatica* husk powder in the fermentation process. Comparative Examples 4-6 experienced a decrease in lean meat percentage and an increase in backfat thickness due to raw material substitution, demonstrating that the addition of *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* powder and *Plantago asiatica* husk powder is irreplaceable in improving carcass composition within the fermented feed additive system with *Trichosanthes kirilowii* pulp as the main raw material. In conclusion, the feed additive of the present invention can effectively increase the lean meat percentage of fattening pigs and improve pork quality.

[0038] 3.3 Determination of skatole content in the feces of black pigs from the mountainside Skatole (3-methylindole) is one of the main chemical components of the characteristic odor of feces. By reducing the content of these substances, the odor emissions from farms can be significantly reduced, the air quality in and around farms can be improved, and environmental pollution can be reduced.

[0039] Weigh 4g of pig fecal samples from Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-6 above and place them in centrifuge tubes; add 20mL of methanol to the sample and mix thoroughly using a vortex mixer; place the mixed sample in a 42℃ water bath for 35min, removing and mixing every 5min to ensure full contact between the sample and methanol; after the water bath, quickly transfer the sample to a -18℃ refrigerator and let it stand for 25min to allow impurities to precipitate; after standing, remove the sample and centrifuge at 12000r / min for 12min to separate the supernatant; store the supernatant at 4℃ and determine the skatole content in the pig feces by high performance liquid chromatography. The experimental data are shown in Table 4 below: Table 4. Statistical data on skatole content in pig feces Experimental conclusion: As can be seen from the data in Table 4, the skatole content in the Example 5 group was the lowest, indicating that the feed additive prepared by fermentation of Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp as the main raw material and adding Pseudochlorophyll powder and Psyllium husk powder at specific times according to the present invention can significantly reduce the content of odor-characteristic chemical components in pig manure, thereby reducing odor emissions from livestock farming and improving the farming environment.

[0040] The experiments described above only illustrate several embodiments of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed additive based on Trichosanthes kirilowii, characterized in that: The raw materials for preparing the feed additive based on Trichosanthes kirilowii, by weight, include 45-55 parts of Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp, 20-35 parts of plant-based feed ingredients, 6-12 parts of *Micrococcus pluvialis* powder, 5-10 parts of *Plantago asiatica* husk powder, 5-10 parts of fermentation agent, and 3-5 parts of compound auxiliary agent.

2. The feed additive based on Trichosanthes kirilowii according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant-based feed ingredients include at least one of soybean meal, wheat bran, rice bran, and rapeseed meal.

3. The feed additive based on Trichosanthes kirilowii according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation agent includes aerobic fermentation agents and anaerobic fermentation agents; The aerobic fermentation agent includes at least one of Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis; The anaerobic fermentation agent includes at least one of Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

4. A feed additive based on Trichosanthes kirilowii according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite adjuvant includes multidimensional adjuvants and mineral adjuvants; The multidimensional adjuvant includes at least one of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K; The mineral adjuvant includes at least one of sodium chloride, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, and potassium iodide.

5. A method for preparing a feed additive based on Trichosanthes kirilowii as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Squeeze the water out of the fresh Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp, crush it, and mix it evenly with plant-based feed ingredients and Pseudochlorophyll powder according to the formula to obtain a mixed matrix. Use the water squeezed out of the fresh Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp to adjust the moisture content of the mixed matrix to 50%-65%. Step 2: Mix the aerobic fermentation agent evenly into the mixed substrate according to the formula, continuously introduce sterile air, and carry out aerobic fermentation to obtain aerobic fermentation products. Step 3: Mix the anaerobic fermentation agent and psyllium husk powder evenly into the aerobic fermentation product according to the formula. Compact and seal the aerobic fermentation product to isolate it from the air and carry out anaerobic fermentation to obtain the anaerobic fermentation product. After sterilization, the fermented material is obtained. Step 4: Dry the fermented material to a moisture content of ≤5%, then crush and freeze-dry it to obtain a feed additive based on Trichosanthes kirilowii.

6. The method for preparing a feed additive based on Trichosanthes kirilowii according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step two, the aerobic fermentation specifically involves maintaining the thickness of the mixed substrate layer at 30-50 cm and fermenting it at a temperature of 25-32°C for 2-5 days, during which the substrate is turned over every 8-12 hours.

7. The method for preparing a feed additive based on Trichosanthes kirilowii according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step three, the anaerobic fermentation specifically involves anaerobic fermenting the aerobic fermentation product in an air-isolated state at a temperature of 15-25°C for 5-8 days.

8. The application of a Trichosanthes kirilowii-based feed additive as described in any one of claims 1-7 in fattening pig feed.

9. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that: The amount of the Trichosanthes kirilowii-based feed additive added to the diet is 20-30 wt%.

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