Feed based on corn cob meal raw material and preparation method

Abstract

This invention discloses a feed based on corn cob powder and its preparation method, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-70 parts corn cob powder, 15-25 parts soybean meal, 5-15 parts wheat bran, 5-10 parts corn flour, 1-3 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.5-1.5 parts limestone powder, 0.3-0.8 parts salt, 0.05-0.15 parts compound vitamins, 0.05-0.15 parts compound trace elements, 0.2 parts corn steep liquor powder, 0.01-0.03 parts phytase, 0.01-0.03 parts amylase, and 0.01-0.03 parts Bacillus subtilis. This invention uses corn cob powder as the main raw material, and through the rational combination of conventional feed ingredients such as soybean meal, wheat bran, and corn flour, as well as functional components such as compound vitamins, compound trace elements, enzyme preparations, and probiotics, forms a nutritionally balanced, highly digestible, and palatable feed formula. The addition of corn steep liquor powder effectively supplements the protein and amino acids in the feed, improves the nutritional value of the feed, enhances the palatability of the feed, and increases the feed intake of livestock and poultry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of livestock and poultry feed preparation technology, specifically to a feed based on corn cob powder and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Corn cobs are a major byproduct of the corn deep processing industry. For a long time, most corn cobs have been directly burned as fuel or discarded at will, causing not only huge waste of resources but also serious environmental pollution problems. Corn cobs are rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, and also contain a certain amount of crude protein, crude fat, and minerals, making them a promising raw material for livestock and poultry feed.

[0003] However, untreated corn cobs have the following problems: First, the crude fiber content is too high, reaching 30%-40%, and most of it consists of lignin and crystalline cellulose, which are difficult for livestock and poultry to digest and absorb. Direct feeding will lead to low digestibility and reduced growth performance in livestock and poultry. Second, the protein content is low, only 2%-4%, and the amino acid composition is unbalanced, which cannot meet the nutritional needs of livestock and poultry. Third, the palatability is poor, resulting in low feed intake by livestock and poultry. Fourth, it contains a small amount of anti-nutritional factors, such as phytic acid and tannins, which will affect the absorption and utilization of minerals and proteins.

[0004] Currently, the application of corn cobs in feed mainly focuses on the following aspects: First, corn cobs are directly crushed and added in small amounts to feed as a filler, with the addition amount generally not exceeding 10%, otherwise it will seriously affect the nutritional value of the feed; Second, corn cobs are treated through physical methods such as steam explosion and puffing to destroy their lignocellulose structure and improve digestibility, but physical treatment methods have problems such as high energy consumption and large equipment investment; Third, corn cobs are treated through microbial fermentation, using enzymes produced by microorganisms to decompose cellulose and hemicellulose, while increasing protein content, but the fermentation process is difficult to control, the product quality is unstable, and the fermentation cycle is long, making it difficult to achieve large-scale industrial production. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a feed based on corn cob powder and its preparation method, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a feed based on corn cob powder, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-70 parts corn cob powder, 15-25 parts soybean meal, 5-15 parts wheat bran, 5-10 parts corn flour, 1-3 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.5-1.5 parts limestone powder, 0.3-0.8 parts salt, 0.05-0.15 parts compound vitamins, 0.05-0.15 parts compound trace elements, 0.2 parts corn steep liquor powder, 0.01-0.03 parts phytase, 0.01-0.03 parts amylase, and 0.01-0.03 parts Bacillus subtilis.

[0007] Corn cob meal, as a major feed ingredient, is widely available and inexpensive, effectively reducing feed costs. Rich in cellulose and hemicellulose, corn cob meal, after appropriate processing, can serve as an energy source for livestock and poultry. Furthermore, its good fluffiness improves the physical properties of feed, enhancing palatability and digestibility.

[0008] Soybean meal is an excellent source of plant protein, with a crude protein content of 40%-45% and a relatively balanced amino acid composition, providing sufficient protein for the growth and development of livestock and poultry. Soybean meal also contains certain amounts of minerals and vitamins, supplementing the nutritional components of feed.

[0009] Wheat bran is rich in B vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber, which can promote intestinal peristalsis and improve digestive function in livestock and poultry. Wheat bran also has good water absorption and swelling properties, which can increase feed volume, prolong the residence time of feed in the digestive tract, and improve the efficiency of nutrient digestion and absorption.

[0010] Cornmeal is a major energy feed, rich in starch, which provides livestock and poultry with rapidly absorbed energy. It also contains a certain amount of protein and fat, supplementing the energy and protein in the feed.

[0011] Calcium hydrogen phosphate and limestone powder are important mineral supplements that can provide livestock and poultry with essential mineral elements such as calcium and phosphorus, promote bone and teeth development, and maintain normal physiological functions.

[0012] Salt can regulate the osmotic pressure in livestock and poultry, maintain acid-base balance, and also improve the palatability of feed and increase feed intake.

[0013] Multivitamins and micronutrients can provide livestock and poultry with various vitamins and trace elements necessary for their growth and development, such as vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, iron, zinc, copper, and manganese, ensuring their normal growth and metabolism.

[0014] Corn steep liquor powder is a byproduct of the wet processing of corn into starch. It is produced through concentration and spray drying, and contains abundant soluble proteins, amino acids, polypeptides, organic acids, vitamins, and minerals. The protein in corn steep liquor powder has high digestibility, and its amino acid composition is close to the ideal protein pattern, effectively supplementing the protein and amino acids in feed and improving its nutritional value. Simultaneously, corn steep liquor powder contains various bioactive substances that promote the growth and reproduction of beneficial intestinal microorganisms in livestock and poultry, improve the intestinal microecological environment, and enhance the immunity and growth performance of livestock and poultry. Furthermore, corn steep liquor powder has a unique aroma, which significantly improves feed palatability and increases feed intake in livestock and poultry.

[0015] Phytase can break down phytic acid in feed, releasing minerals such as phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium, as well as proteins bound to phytic acid, thus improving the utilization rate of these nutrients. At the same time, phytase can also reduce the adverse effects of phytic acid on the digestive tract of livestock and poultry, improving intestinal health.

[0016] Amylase can break down starch in feed, converting it into smaller sugar molecules such as glucose, which are easier for livestock and poultry to digest and absorb. Adding amylase can improve the utilization rate of energy substances in feed and promote livestock and poultry growth.

[0017] Bacillus subtilis is a beneficial microorganism that can colonize and multiply in the intestines of livestock and poultry, regulating the balance of intestinal flora and inhibiting the growth and reproduction of harmful microorganisms. Bacillus subtilis can also produce various digestive enzymes, such as proteases, amylases, and lipases, which help livestock and poultry digest and absorb nutrients, improving feed conversion rates.

[0018] Furthermore, the ingredients include the following by weight: 60 parts corn cob powder, 20 parts soybean meal, 10 parts wheat bran, 7 parts corn flour, 2 parts dicalcium phosphate, 1 part limestone powder, 0.5 parts salt, 0.1 parts compound vitamins, 0.1 parts compound trace elements, 0.2 parts corn steep liquor powder, 0.02 parts phytase, 0.02 parts amylase, and 0.02 parts Bacillus subtilis.

[0019] Furthermore, the ingredients include the following by weight: 55 parts corn cob powder, 22 parts soybean meal, 12 parts wheat bran, 8 parts corn flour, 1.5 parts dicalcium phosphate, 1.2 parts limestone powder, 0.6 parts salt, 0.12 parts compound vitamins, 0.08 parts compound trace elements, 0.2 parts corn steep liquor powder, 0.015 parts phytase, 0.025 parts amylase, and 0.015 parts Bacillus subtilis.

[0020] Furthermore, the ingredients include the following by weight: 65 parts corn cob powder, 18 parts soybean meal, 8 parts wheat bran, 6 parts corn flour, 2.5 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.8 parts limestone powder, 0.4 parts salt, 0.08 parts compound vitamins, 0.12 parts compound trace elements, 0.2 parts corn steep liquor powder, 0.025 parts phytase, 0.015 parts amylase, and 0.025 parts Bacillus subtilis.

[0021] A method for preparing feed based on corn cob powder includes the following steps:

[0022] Step 1: Raw material pretreatment: Sun-dry the corn cobs until the moisture content drops to 12%-15%; then screen the sun-dried corn cobs to remove impurities, moldy parts, and rotten parts; next, remove dust from the screened corn cobs; then crush the dust-removed corn cobs and pass them through a 40-60 mesh sieve to obtain corn cob powder; separately screen, remove dust from, and crush the soybean meal, wheat bran, and corn flour, passing them through a 40-60 mesh sieve to obtain soybean meal powder, wheat bran powder, and corn flour.

[0023] Step 2, Premixing: Add compound vitamins, compound trace elements, phytase, amylase, Bacillus subtilis and corn steep liquor powder into a premixer in the specified proportions and premix for 10-15 minutes at a stirring speed of 30-50 rpm to obtain the premix.

[0024] Step 3, Main Mixing: Place corn cob powder, soybean meal powder, wheat bran powder, corn flour, dicalcium phosphate, limestone powder, and salt into the main mixer according to the specified proportions for the first mixing. The mixing time is 5-10 minutes, and the stirring speed is 40-60 rpm. Then, add the premixed material into the main mixer for the second mixing. The mixing time is 15-20 minutes, and the stirring speed is 50-70 rpm, to obtain the mixed powder.

[0025] Step 4: Conditioning treatment: The mixed powder is fed into a conditioner for conditioning treatment. Steam is introduced, and the steam pressure is controlled at 0.2-0.3 MPa. The conditioning temperature is 70-80℃, and the conditioning time is 2-3 minutes, so that the moisture content of the mixed powder increases to 16%-18%.

[0026] Step 5, Granulation and Forming: The conditioned mixed powder is fed into a pellet mill for granulation and forming. The ring die aperture is controlled at 3-5 mm, the compression ratio is 1:10-1:12, and the granulation temperature is 75-85℃.

[0027] Step Six: Cooling and Drying: The pelleted feed pellets are sent to a cooler for cooling and drying. A counter-current cooling method is used, with the cooling air temperature at 20-25℃ and the cooling time at 15-20 minutes, so that the temperature of the feed pellets drops to room temperature and the moisture content drops to 12%-14%.

[0028] Step 7: Screening and Packaging: Screen the cooled and dried feed pellets to remove powder and broken particles; then pack the qualified feed pellets into sealed packages to obtain the finished product.

[0029] Furthermore, in step one, the corn cobs are dried for 3-5 days, turning them over 2-3 times a day.

[0030] Furthermore, in step two, the premixer is a double-helix conical mixer.

[0031] Furthermore, in step three, the main mixer is a horizontal ribbon mixer with a mixing uniformity variation coefficient of no more than 5%.

[0032] Furthermore, in step five, the ring die of the granulator is made of stainless steel with a surface roughness of no more than Ra1.6m.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0034] This invention uses corn cob powder as the main raw material, and through the rational combination of conventional feed ingredients such as soybean meal, wheat bran, and corn flour, as well as functional components such as compound vitamins, compound trace elements, enzyme preparations, and probiotics, it forms a nutritionally balanced, highly digestible, and palatable feed formula. The addition of corn steep liquor powder effectively supplements the protein and amino acids in the feed, improves the nutritional value of the feed, and at the same time improves the palatability of the feed, increasing the feed intake of livestock and poultry.

[0035] This invention employs a step-by-step mixing process, first pre-mixing trace components before main mixing with the primary ingredients. This effectively improves the uniformity of mixing and avoids feed quality instability caused by uneven distribution of trace components. The conditioning and pelleting processes gelatinize starch, denature proteins, and destroy anti-nutritional factors in corn cobs, improving feed digestibility and palatability. The cooling and drying process ensures that the moisture content and temperature of the feed pellets meet storage requirements, extending the feed's shelf life.

[0036] This invention fully utilizes corn cobs and corn steep liquor powder, two byproducts of corn deep processing, thereby increasing the comprehensive utilization value of agricultural byproducts and reducing resource waste and environmental pollution. Simultaneously, the feed formulation of this invention has low cost, a simple preparation process, and is easily scalable for large-scale industrial production, resulting in significant economic and social benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a feed based on corn cob powder, comprising the following ingredients by weight: 50-70 parts corn cob powder, 15-25 parts soybean meal, 5-15 parts wheat bran, 5-10 parts corn flour, 1-3 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.5-1.5 parts limestone powder, 0.3-0.8 parts salt, 0.05-0.15 parts compound vitamins, 0.05-0.15 parts compound trace elements, 0.2 parts corn steep liquor powder, 0.01-0.03 parts phytase, 0.01-0.03 parts amylase, and 0.01-0.03 parts Bacillus subtilis.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] Formula composition (parts by weight): 60 parts corn cob powder, 20 parts soybean meal, 10 parts wheat bran, 7 parts corn flour, 2 parts dicalcium phosphate, 1 part limestone powder, 0.5 parts salt, 0.1 parts compound vitamins, 0.1 parts compound trace elements, 0.2 parts corn steep liquor powder, 0.02 parts phytase, 0.02 parts amylase, and 0.02 parts Bacillus subtilis.

[0042] Preparation method:

[0043] Step 1: Raw Material Pre-treatment: Spread the collected fresh corn cobs on a clean, well-ventilated, and sunny cement floor for natural drying. Dry for 4 days, turning them twice a day, at 10:00 AM and 3:00 PM, to ensure even drying. Dry until the moisture content of the corn cobs drops to approximately 13%, at which point they can be easily broken by hand, and the cut surface is dry and not damp. Then, manually screen the dried corn cobs to remove impurities such as stones, soil, and plastic, as well as moldy, blackened, or rotten parts. Next, send the screened corn cobs to an air separator for dust removal, using airflow to remove dust and fine impurities from the surface. Finally, send the dust-removed corn cobs to a hammer mill for pulverization. The mill uses a 50-mesh sieve. After pulverization, pass the material through a 40-mesh sieve to remove incompletely pulverized coarse particles, obtaining uniformly fine corn cob powder for later use. Commercially available soybean meal, wheat bran, and corn flour are screened to remove impurities and lumps, and then fed into a grinder for grinding. After passing through a 40-mesh sieve, soybean meal powder, wheat bran powder, and corn flour are obtained for later use.

[0044] Step 2: Premixing: Accurately weigh the compound vitamins, compound trace elements, phytase, amylase, Bacillus subtilis, and corn steep liquor powder according to the formula ratio, and place them sequentially into a double-helix conical mixer. Start the mixer, set the stirring speed to 40 rpm, and the premixing time to 12 minutes. During the mixing process, the screw of the double-helix conical mixer rotates and revolves, which generates strong convection, shearing, and diffusion effects on the materials, ensuring that all trace components are thoroughly and evenly mixed. After premixing, discharge the premixed material and place it in a clean, sealed bag for later use.

[0045] Step 3, Main Mixing: Accurately weigh corn cob powder, soybean meal powder, wheat bran powder, corn flour, dicalcium phosphate, limestone powder, and salt according to the formula ratio, and place them sequentially into a horizontal ribbon mixer. Start the mixer, set the stirring speed to 50 rpm, and perform the first mixing for 7 minutes. After the first mixing, slowly and evenly add the premix prepared in Step 2 into the horizontal ribbon mixer and continue the second mixing, setting the stirring speed to 60 rpm and the mixing time to 18 minutes. The inner and outer ribbons of the horizontal ribbon mixer can drive the materials to perform circumferential and axial movements, creating a circulating flow within the mixer and ensuring that all raw materials are thoroughly and evenly mixed. After mixing, take a sample to test the mixing uniformity, requiring the coefficient of variation of the mixing uniformity to be no greater than 5%.

[0046] Step 4: Conditioning Treatment: The uniformly mixed powder is fed into the conditioner via a screw conveyor. Saturated steam is introduced into the conditioner, controlling the steam pressure at 0.25 MPa. The conditioning temperature is controlled at approximately 75°C by adjusting the opening of the steam valve. The material resides in the conditioner for 2.5 minutes to allow the steam to fully penetrate the material particles, raising the moisture content to approximately 17%. During the conditioning process, the impellers of the conditioner continuously stir the material to ensure uniform heating, full gelatinization of the starch, and moderate denaturation of the protein.

[0047] Step 5: Pelletizing and Forming: The conditioned material is fed into a ring die pellet mill for pelletizing and forming. The pellet mill's ring die is made of stainless steel, with a die aperture of 4 mm and a compression ratio of 1:11. Start the pellet mill, adjust the feeding speed and cutter speed, and control the pelleting temperature to approximately 80℃. During pelleting, closely monitor the pellet mill's current changes, maintaining a stable current at 80%-90% of the rated current to ensure the pellet feed has moderate hardness and a forming rate of over 95%. The feed pellets extruded from the pellet mill are cut into uniform particles with a length of 10-15 mm by the cutter.

[0048] Step Six: Cooling and Drying: The hot feed pellets, after being granulated, are conveyed by an elevator into a counter-flow cooler for cooling and drying. The inlet temperature of the cooler is 22℃. A counter-flow ventilation method is used, with cold air entering from the bottom of the cooler, rising through the feed pellet layer, exchanging heat with the hot feed pellets, and carrying away heat and moisture from the pellets. The cooling time is 18 minutes. After cooling, the temperature of the feed pellets drops to room temperature (around 25℃), and the moisture content drops to around 13%.

[0049] Step 7: Screening and Packaging: The cooled and dried feed pellets are fed into a vibrating screen for screening. The upper screen has a mesh size of 6 mm, and the lower screen has a mesh size of 2 mm to remove large particles and powder fragments. The qualified feed pellets are then fed into an automatic packaging machine and packaged in 25 kg bags using sealed polyethylene plastic bags. The packaging must clearly indicate the product name, formula composition, production date, shelf life, and storage conditions.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] Formula composition (parts by weight): 55 parts corn cob powder, 22 parts soybean meal, 12 parts wheat bran, 8 parts corn flour, 1.5 parts dicalcium phosphate, 1.2 parts limestone powder, 0.6 parts salt, 0.12 parts compound vitamins, 0.08 parts compound trace elements, 0.2 parts corn steep liquor powder, 0.015 parts phytase, 0.025 parts amylase, and 0.015 parts Bacillus subtilis.

[0052] Preparation method:

[0053] Step 1: Raw Material Pretreatment: The collected corn cobs are naturally sun-dried for 5 days, turning them 3 times a day, until the moisture content drops to 14%. Then, they are screened and dust-removed to remove impurities and moldy parts. The processed corn cobs are then ground in a grinder and passed through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain corn cob powder for later use. Soybean meal, wheat bran, and corn flour are separately screened, dust-removed, and then ground and passed through a 50-mesh sieve for later use.

[0054] Step 2, Premixing: Place the compound vitamins, compound trace elements, phytase, amylase, Bacillus subtilis and corn steep liquor powder into a double helix cone mixer, set the stirring speed to 35 rpm, and the premixing time to 15 minutes to obtain the premixed material for later use.

[0055] Step 3, Main Mixing: Place corn cob powder, soybean meal powder, wheat bran powder, corn flour, dicalcium phosphate, limestone powder, and salt into a horizontal ribbon mixer. Set the mixing speed to 45 rpm and the first mixing time to 8 minutes. Then add the premixed materials, set the mixing speed to 55 rpm, and the second mixing time to 20 minutes. The coefficient of variation of the mixing uniformity should not exceed 5%.

[0056] Step 4: Conditioning treatment: Feed the mixed powder into the conditioner, introduce steam, control the steam pressure at 0.2MPa, the conditioning temperature at 72℃, and the conditioning time at 3 minutes, so that the moisture content of the material rises to 18%.

[0057] Step 5: Pelletizing and forming: The conditioned material is fed into a ring die pellet mill with a ring die diameter of 3 mm, a compression ratio of 1:10, and a pelleting temperature of 78℃ to produce feed pellets with a diameter of 3 mm and a length of 8-12 mm.

[0058] Step 6, Cooling and Drying: The hot feed pellets are sent into a counter-flow cooler. The cooling air temperature is 20°C and the cooling time is 20 minutes, so that the temperature of the feed pellets drops to room temperature and the moisture content drops to 14%.

[0059] Step 7: Screening and Packaging: Screen the cooled feed pellets to remove powder and broken particles, and then seal and package them in 50 kg bags.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] Formula composition (parts by weight): 65 parts corn cob powder, 18 parts soybean meal, 8 parts wheat bran, 6 parts corn flour, 2.5 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.8 parts limestone powder, 0.4 parts salt, 0.08 parts compound vitamins, 0.12 parts compound trace elements, 0.2 parts corn steep liquor powder, 0.025 parts phytase, 0.015 parts amylase, and 0.025 parts Bacillus subtilis.

[0062] Preparation method:

[0063] Step 1: Raw Material Pretreatment: The collected corn cobs are naturally sun-dried for 3 days, turning them twice daily, until the moisture content drops to 12%. Then, they are screened and dust-removed to remove impurities and moldy parts. The processed corn cobs are then ground in a grinder and passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain corn cob powder for later use. Soybean meal, wheat bran, and corn flour are separately screened, dust-removed, and then ground and passed through a 60-mesh sieve for later use.

[0064] Step 2, Premixing: Place the compound vitamins, compound trace elements, phytase, amylase, Bacillus subtilis and corn steep liquor powder into a double helix cone mixer, set the stirring speed to 45 rpm, and the premixing time to 10 minutes to obtain the premixed material for later use.

[0065] Step 3, Main Mixing: Place corn cob powder, soybean meal powder, wheat bran powder, corn flour, dicalcium phosphate, limestone powder, and salt into a horizontal ribbon mixer. Set the mixing speed to 55 rpm and the first mixing time to 5 minutes. Then add the premixed materials and set the mixing speed to 65 rpm. The second mixing time is 15 minutes, and the coefficient of variation of the mixing uniformity should not exceed 5%.

[0066] Step 4: Conditioning treatment: Feed the mixed powder into the conditioner, introduce steam, control the steam pressure at 0.3MPa, the conditioning temperature at 78℃, and the conditioning time at 2 minutes, so that the moisture content of the material rises to 16%.

[0067] Step 5: Pelletizing and forming: The conditioned material is fed into a ring die pellet mill with a ring die diameter of 5 mm, a compression ratio of 1:12, and a pelleting temperature of 82℃ to produce feed pellets with a diameter of 5 mm and a length of 12-18 mm.

[0068] Step 6, Cooling and Drying: The hot feed pellets are sent into a counter-flow cooler. The cooling air temperature is 25°C and the cooling time is 15 minutes, so that the temperature of the feed pellets drops to room temperature and the moisture content drops to 12%.

[0069] Step 7: Screening and Packaging: Screen the cooled feed pellets to remove powder and broken particles, and then seal and package them in 10 kg bags.

[0070] Comparative Example 1

[0071] Formula composition (parts by weight): 60 parts corn cob powder, 20 parts soybean meal, 10 parts wheat bran, 7 parts corn flour, 2 parts dicalcium phosphate, 1 part limestone powder, 0.5 parts salt, 0.1 parts compound vitamins, and 0.1 parts compound trace elements.

[0072] Preparation method:

[0073] Step 1, Raw material pretreatment: Same as in Example 1.

[0074] Step 2, Mixing: Put all raw materials into a horizontal ribbon mixer according to the proportion, mix for 25 minutes at a stirring speed of 60 rpm, and the coefficient of variation of the mixing uniformity should not be greater than 5%.

[0075] Step 3: Granulation and Forming: The mixed powder is directly fed into a ring die granulator for granulation without conditioning. The granulation parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0076] Step 4, Cooling and Drying: Same as in Example 1.

[0077] Step 5, screening and packaging: Same as in Example 1.

[0078] Feeding trials were conducted using the feeds prepared in the above examples and comparative examples. One hundred and twenty healthy, 28-day-old weaned piglets of similar weight were randomly divided into four groups of 30 piglets each. Each group was fed the feeds prepared in Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, and Comparative Example 1, respectively, for a period of 30 days. The results showed that piglets fed the feeds of the present invention had significantly better average daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and diarrhea rate than those fed the comparative example feeds. Furthermore, the piglets exhibited better overall health, shinier coats, and significantly improved immunity.

[0079] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed based on corn cob meal, characterized in that, The ingredients include the following by weight: 50-70 parts corn cob powder, 15-25 parts soybean meal, 5-15 parts wheat bran, 5-10 parts corn flour, 1-3 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.5-1.5 parts limestone powder, 0.3-0.8 parts salt, 0.05-0.15 parts compound vitamins, 0.05-0.15 parts compound trace elements, 0.2 parts corn steep liquor powder, 0.01-0.03 parts phytase, 0.01-0.03 parts amylase, and 0.01-0.03 parts Bacillus subtilis.

2. The feed based on corn cob powder according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ingredients include the following by weight: 60 parts corn cob powder, 20 parts soybean meal, 10 parts wheat bran, 7 parts corn flour, 2 parts dicalcium phosphate, 1 part limestone powder, 0.5 parts salt, 0.1 parts compound vitamins, 0.1 parts compound trace elements, 0.2 parts corn steep liquor powder, 0.02 parts phytase, 0.02 parts amylase, and 0.02 parts Bacillus subtilis.

3. The feed based on corn cob powder according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ingredients include the following by weight: 55 parts corn cob powder, 22 parts soybean meal, 12 parts wheat bran, 8 parts corn flour, 1.5 parts dicalcium phosphate, 1.2 parts limestone powder, 0.6 parts salt, 0.12 parts compound vitamins, 0.08 parts compound trace elements, 0.2 parts corn steep liquor powder, 0.015 parts phytase, 0.025 parts amylase, and 0.015 parts Bacillus subtilis.

4. A feed based on corn cob powder according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ingredients include the following by weight: 65 parts corn cob powder, 18 parts soybean meal, 8 parts wheat bran, 6 parts corn flour, 2.5 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.8 parts limestone powder, 0.4 parts salt, 0.08 parts compound vitamins, 0.12 parts compound trace elements, 0.2 parts corn steep liquor powder, 0.025 parts phytase, 0.015 parts amylase, and 0.025 parts Bacillus subtilis.

5. A method for preparing feed based on corn cob powder according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Raw material pretreatment: Sun-dry the corn cobs until the moisture content drops to 12%-15%; then screen the sun-dried corn cobs to remove impurities, moldy parts, and rotten parts; next, remove dust from the screened corn cobs; then crush the dust-removed corn cobs and pass them through a 40-60 mesh sieve to obtain corn cob powder; separately screen, remove dust from, and crush the soybean meal, wheat bran, and corn flour, passing them through a 40-60 mesh sieve to obtain soybean meal powder, wheat bran powder, and corn flour. Step 2, Premixing: Add compound vitamins, compound trace elements, phytase, amylase, Bacillus subtilis and corn steep liquor powder into a premixer in the specified proportions and premix for 10-15 minutes at a stirring speed of 30-50 rpm to obtain the premix. Step 3, Main Mixing: Place corn cob powder, soybean meal powder, wheat bran powder, corn flour, dicalcium phosphate, limestone powder and salt into the main mixer in the specified proportions for the first mixing. The mixing time is 5-10 minutes and the stirring speed is 40-60 rpm. Then the premixed material is added to the main mixer for a second mixing, which takes 15-20 minutes and a stirring speed of 50-70 rpm to obtain a mixed powder. Step 4: Conditioning treatment: The mixed powder is fed into a conditioner for conditioning treatment. Steam is introduced, and the steam pressure is controlled at 0.2-0.3 MPa. The conditioning temperature is 70-80℃, and the conditioning time is 2-3 minutes, so that the moisture content of the mixed powder increases to 16%-18%. Step 5, Granulation and Forming: The conditioned mixed powder is fed into a pellet mill for granulation and forming. The ring die aperture is controlled at 3-5 mm, the compression ratio is 1:10-1:12, and the granulation temperature is 75-85℃. Step Six: Cooling and Drying: The pelleted feed pellets are sent to a cooler for cooling and drying. A counter-current cooling method is used, with the cooling air temperature at 20-25℃ and the cooling time at 15-20 minutes, so that the temperature of the feed pellets drops to room temperature and the moisture content drops to 12%-14%. Step 7: Screening and Packaging: Screen the cooled and dried feed pellets to remove powder and broken particles; then pack the qualified feed pellets into sealed packages to obtain the finished product.

6. A method for preparing feed based on corn cob powder according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step one, the corn cobs are dried for 3-5 days, turning them over 2-3 times a day.

7. A method for preparing feed based on corn cob powder according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step two, the premixer is a double-helix conical mixer.

8. A method for preparing feed based on corn cob powder according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step three, the main mixer is a horizontal ribbon mixer with a mixing uniformity variation coefficient of no more than 5%.

9. A method for preparing feed based on corn cob powder according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step five, the ring die of the granulator is made of stainless steel with a surface roughness of no more than Ra1.6m.

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