Application of sorghum proanthocyanidins in preparation of low cholesterol pig meat feed additive

Abstract

The application relates to the pig breeding technical field, in particular to application of sorghum proanthocyanidin in preparation of low-cholesterol pig meat feed additive. A high-fat diet can significantly destroy the liver tissue structure of fattening pigs, induce severe fatty degeneration and lipid deposition, the added sorghum proanthocyanidin can repair the morphology of liver cells, reduce inflammatory damage, remove abnormal lipid droplets in the liver, improve liver pathological damage and lipid metabolism disorder, and the effect of high-dose intervention is optimal, and the application further proves the function effect of the sorghum proanthocyanidin in regulating liver cholesterol metabolism and reducing lipid accumulation based on the intestine-liver axis from the histological perspective.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pig farming technology, specifically to the application of sorghum proanthocyanidins in the preparation of low-cholesterol pork feed additives. Background Technology

[0002] Serum cholesterol and triglycerides are core epigenetic indicators reflecting overall lipid metabolism homeostasis and evaluating animal health. They directly demonstrate the regulatory effect of sorghum proanthocyanidins on cholesterol synthesis and transport in the circulatory system of pigs. Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a core lipid indicator contributing to atherosclerosis, while serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a key functional lipoprotein for reverse cholesterol transport, mediating the return of excess peripheral cholesterol to the liver for metabolism. HDL-C is a positive core indicator for evaluating lipid metabolism health. High-fat diets easily lead to abnormal serum cholesterol levels and abnormal accumulation of LDL-C.

[0003] The liver is the core organ for cholesterol synthesis, bile acid metabolism, and lipid breakdown in animals. It is also a key target organ for the metabolic regulation of the gut-hepatic axis. The level of lipid deposition in the liver directly determines the cholesterol metabolism status of pigs and the quality of pork. High-fat diets can severely disrupt the homeostasis of hepatic lipid metabolism, causing abnormal deposition of large amounts of cholesterol and triglycerides in the liver, inhibiting the liver's reverse cholesterol transport function, and inducing hepatic lipid metabolism damage, which is corroborated by serum lipid disorders. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide the application of sorghum proanthocyanidins in the preparation of low-cholesterol pork feed additives, so as to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] This invention provides the application of sorghum proanthocyanidins in the preparation of low-cholesterol pork feed additives, by adding sorghum proanthocyanidins to the high-fat feed of growing and finishing pigs.

[0006] As a preferred option, the addition of sorghum proanthocyanidins to the high-fat diet of growing-finishing pigs has the following effects on the serum of growing-finishing pigs: Inhibits abnormal accumulation of serum total cholesterol (TC) in pigs induced by a high-fat diet. To alleviate LDL-C accumulation in porcine serum induced by a high-fat diet, Increase the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in porcine serum.

[0007] As preferred, both low-dose and high-dose sorghum proanthocyanidins added under high-fat diet conditions can inhibit the abnormal accumulation of total cholesterol (TC) in pig serum induced by high-fat diet. The inhibitory effect of the high-dose sorghum proanthocyanidin group is better than that of the low-dose sorghum proanthocyanidin group.

[0008] As a preferred option, adding a low dose of sorghum proanthocyanidins under high-fat diet conditions has no significant effect on alleviating the accumulation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in pig serum induced by high-fat diet. Adding a high dose of sorghum proanthocyanidins under high-fat diet conditions can mildly alleviate the accumulation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in pig serum induced by high-fat diet.

[0009] As a preferred option, adding a low dose of sorghum proanthocyanidins under high-fat feed conditions had no significant effect on increasing the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in pig serum. Adding high doses of sorghum proanthocyanidins to a high-fat diet can significantly increase the content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in pig serum, thereby enhancing the body's ability to reverse cholesterol transport.

[0010] As a preferred option, the addition of sorghum proanthocyanidins to the high-fat diet of growing-finishing pigs has the following effects on the liver of growing-finishing pigs: Inhibits the accumulation of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) in pig liver induced by a high-fat diet. Inhibits LDL-C accumulation in pig liver induced by high-fat diet. Increase the content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in pig liver.

[0011] As a preferred option, both low-dose and high-dose sorghum proanthocyanidins can significantly inhibit the accumulation of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) in pig liver induced by high-fat diet, thereby repairing liver metabolic damage caused by high fat intake. The high-dose sorghum proanthocyanidin group showed a better inhibitory effect than the low-dose sorghum proanthocyanidin group.

[0012] As preferred, both low-dose and high-dose sorghum proanthocyanidins can inhibit the accumulation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in pig liver induced by high-fat diet. The inhibitory effect of the high-dose sorghum proanthocyanidin group is significantly better than that of the low-dose sorghum proanthocyanidin group.

[0013] As a preferred option, adding a low dose of sorghum proanthocyanidins to a high-fat diet has no significant effect on increasing the HDL-C content in pig liver, while adding a high dose of sorghum proanthocyanidins to a high-fat diet can significantly increase the HDL-C content in pig liver.

[0014] Preferably, the low-dose sorghum proanthocyanidins are added at 150 mg per kilogram of feed, and the high-dose sorghum proanthocyanidins are added at 250 mg per kilogram of feed.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention adds sorghum proanthocyanidins to high-fat feed for pig farming. Sorghum proanthocyanidins can improve liver pathological damage and lipid metabolism disorders by repairing hepatocyte morphology, reducing inflammatory damage, and clearing abnormal lipid droplets in the liver. The highest dose (250 mg / kg) shows the best intervention effect. The added sorghum proanthocyanidins can inhibit the abnormal accumulation of total cholesterol (TC) in pig serum induced by high-fat feed, alleviate the accumulation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in pig serum induced by high-fat feed, and increase the content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in pig serum. Sorghum proanthocyanidins can also inhibit the accumulation of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) in pig liver induced by high-fat feed, inhibit the accumulation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in pig liver induced by high-fat feed, and increase the content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in pig liver. This invention further provides histological evidence of the functional effects of sorghum proanthocyanidins in regulating liver cholesterol metabolism and reducing lipid accumulation based on the gut-liver axis, providing morphological support for the aforementioned changes in serum and liver biochemical indicators. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 These are liver HE-stained sections from various experimental groups provided in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 2 The liver oil red stained sections of each experimental group provided in the embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] This embodiment provides the application of sorghum proanthocyanidins in the preparation of low-cholesterol pork feed additives. Sorghum proanthocyanidins are added to the high-fat feed for growing-finishing pigs for feeding.

[0019] In this experiment, 48 Duroc × Landrace × Large White crossbred pigs with similar weights (average weight 30.00 ± 2.05 kg) were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, high-fat diet group, high-fat diet + 150 mg / kg sorghum proanthocyanidins group, and high-fat diet + 250 mg / kg sorghum proanthocyanidins group.

[0020] The control group was fed a standard corn-soybean meal basal diet formulated according to the NRC (2012) nutritional standards for growing-finishing pigs, with an effective metabolizable energy of 13.8 MJ / kg. The high-fat diet group had soybean oil added to the corn-soybean meal diet, increasing the effective metabolizable energy to 15.18 MJ / kg. The pre-trial period was 7 days, and the formal trial period was 120 days. During the trial, all pigs were kept in a uniform environment with free access to feed and water. Routine disinfection and immunization were performed, and no antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, or lipid-lowering drugs were used to eliminate the influence of external interventions on lipid metabolism.

[0021] Serum cholesterol and triglycerides are core epigenetic indicators reflecting overall lipid metabolism homeostasis and evaluating animal health. They directly demonstrate the regulatory effect of sorghum proanthocyanidins on cholesterol synthesis and transport in the circulatory system of pigs. Table 1 shows that, compared with the control group, the serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in the high-fat diet group of fattening pigs were significantly increased. P The value <0.05 indicates that high-fat diet intervention can effectively induce cholesterol metabolism disorder in fattening pigs, and a high-fat metabolism disorder model in pigs has been successfully constructed, providing a reliable experimental basis for subsequent verification of the effects of active substances.

[0022] Dietary supplementation with different doses of sorghum proanthocyanidins can effectively reverse lipid abnormalities caused by high-fat feeding. Regarding serum total cholesterol (TC) levels, compared to the high-fat diet group, the serum TC levels in the 150 mg / kg and 250 mg / kg sorghum proanthocyanidin supplementation groups significantly decreased to normal levels. P <0.05), returning to the baseline level of the blank control group, demonstrating that sorghum proanthocyanidins can significantly inhibit the abnormal accumulation of total cholesterol in pigs. LDL-C, as a core lipid indicator of atherosclerosis, was significantly upregulated in the high-fat group, while the high-dose sorghum proanthocyanidin group, although not completely restored to the control group level, showed a significant downward trend, effectively alleviating the accumulation of harmful lipoproteins induced by high-fat diets.

[0023] High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a key functional lipoprotein for reverse cholesterol transport in the body, mediating the return of excess peripheral cholesterol to the liver for catabolism and metabolism. It is a core positive indicator for evaluating the health of lipid metabolism. In this experiment, high-fat feeding did not significantly affect serum HDL-C in pigs, while high-dose (250 mg / kg) sorghum proanthocyanidins significantly increased serum HDL-C levels. P <0.05), significantly enhancing the body's cholesterol reverse transport capacity. This indicates that sorghum proanthocyanidins can bidirectionally regulate serum lipid homeostasis and improve systemic lipid metabolism disorders induced by hyperlipidemia by upregulating protective lipoprotein levels and reducing harmful cholesterol levels. There was no significant difference in serum triglyceride (TG) levels among the groups. P>0.05), indicating that short-term high-fat feeding and sorghum proanthocyanidin intervention had little effect on serum triglyceride metabolism in pigs, and that lipid metabolism regulation was mainly concentrated on the cholesterol pathway rather than triglyceride synthesis and metabolism.

[0024] Table 1. Effects of sorghum proanthocyanidins on serum TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C in growing-finishing pigs. The liver is a core organ for cholesterol synthesis, bile acid metabolism, and lipid breakdown in animals. It is also a key target organ for metabolic regulation of the gut-hepatic axis. The level of lipid deposition in the liver directly determines the cholesterol metabolic status and pork quality in pigs. Table 2 shows that the high-fat diet group had significantly higher levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C in the liver than the control group, while the HDL-C level was significantly lower. P <0.05), indicating that a high-fat diet can severely disrupt the homeostasis of liver lipid metabolism, causing a large amount of abnormal deposition of cholesterol and triglycerides in the liver, inhibiting the liver's cholesterol reverse transport function, and inducing liver lipid metabolism damage, which is consistent with the results of serum lipid disorders.

[0025] Adding sorghum proanthocyanidins significantly improved hyperlipidemia-induced hepatic lipid accumulation, exhibiting a clear dose-dependent regulatory pattern. Regarding total cholesterol and triglyceride deposition in the liver, the TC and TG levels in the 150 mg / kg and 250 mg / kg sorghum proanthocyanidin treatment groups were significantly lower than those in the hyperlipidemia model group. P <0.05%, effectively alleviating liver lipid accumulation and repairing liver metabolic damage caused by high-fat diets. At the lipoprotein regulation level, sorghum proanthocyanidins significantly downregulated the content of harmful liver lipoprotein LDL-C, with the high-dose group's LDL-C level essentially returning to the level of the normal control group, blocking the core pathway of abnormal cholesterol deposition in the liver; simultaneously, they significantly upregulated the content of protective liver lipoprotein HDL-C (…). P <0.05), significantly enhancing the liver's ability to reverse cholesterol breakdown and metabolism.

[0026] The results of comprehensive liver indicators show that sorghum proanthocyanidins can regulate liver lipid metabolism in two ways: "reducing lipid synthesis and deposition and enhancing cholesterol decomposition and transport". It can effectively improve liver cholesterol metabolism disorders caused by high-fat diets. Moreover, 250 mg / kg is the optimal dosage, and the regulatory effect is significantly better than that of the low-dose group, showing a clear dose-response relationship.

[0027] Table 2. Effects of sorghum proanthocyanidins on TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C in the liver of growing-finishing pigs. Combination Figure 1 HE-stained liver sections from each group. Figure 1In the middle group, A was the control group; B was the high-fat diet group; C was the high-fat diet group + 150 mg / kg sorghum proanthocyanidins; and D was the high-fat diet group + 250 mg / kg sorghum proanthocyanidins. Figure 1 This indicates that long-term high-fat feeding severely damages the morphology and structure of hepatocytes, inducing typical nutritional fatty liver pathological damage. Figure 1 B), consistent with the biochemical results of abnormally elevated TC and TG levels in the liver of the high-fat group. Compared with the high-fat group, hepatocyte damage was significantly alleviated in the sorghum proanthocyanidin intervention group, with the 150 mg / kg dose group showing reduced hepatocyte vacuolation and more regularized structure ( Figure 1 C); In the 250 mg / kg high-dose group, hepatocyte morphology basically returned to normal, liver lobule structure was intact, and there was no obvious fatty degeneration or inflammatory damage. Figure 1 (D) The repair effect showed a significant dose-dependent effect, verifying the protective effect of high-dose sorghum proanthocyanidins on hyperlipidemic liver injury. Oil Red O staining results: Oil Red O can specifically stain intracellular lipid droplets, and the red precipitate represents lipid deposition sites. In the blank control group, the number of red lipid droplets in the liver was small and evenly distributed, and the degree of lipid deposition was low; in the high-fat diet group, a large number of dense and large areas of red lipid droplet deposition appeared in the liver tissue, and the lipid droplet area and staining depth were significantly increased, which directly confirmed that the high-fat diet led to a large amount of lipid accumulation in the liver, which completely corresponded to the quantitative results of significantly increased TC, TG, and LDL-C in the liver of the high-fat group and lipid metabolism disorder. After adding sorghum proanthocyanidins, the accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver was significantly improved. With the increase of the added dose, the number of red lipid droplets in the liver tissue was significantly reduced, the staining became lighter, and the aggregation phenomenon disappeared; the lipid droplet deposition level in the 250 mg / kg sorghum proanthocyanidin group was close to that in the blank control group, indicating that sorghum proanthocyanidins can effectively inhibit abnormal accumulation of lipids in the liver and reduce ectopic deposition of cholesterol and triglycerides, which confirms from the tissue morphology level that it can significantly improve the hyperlipidemic-induced liver lipid metabolism disorder.

[0028] Combination Figure 2 , Figure 2 Oil red stained sections of liver tissue were prepared for each group. Figure 2 In the diagram, A represents the control group; B represents the high-fat diet group; C represents the high-fat diet group plus 150 mg / kg sorghum proanthocyanidins; and D represents the high-fat diet group plus 250 mg / kg sorghum proanthocyanidins. Figure 2 It can be seen that Oil Red O can specifically stain intracellular lipid droplets, and the red precipitate represents lipid deposition sites. In the control group, the number of red lipid droplets in the liver was small and evenly distributed, indicating a low degree of lipid deposition. Figure 2 A); In the high-fat diet group, a large number of dense, large areas of red lipid droplets were deposited in the liver tissue, and the area and staining depth of the lipid droplets were significantly increased. Figure 2(B) This directly confirms that a high-fat diet leads to a large accumulation of lipids in the liver, which perfectly corresponds to the quantitative results of significantly increased TC, TG, and LDL-C in the liver of the high-fat group, indicating lipid metabolism disorders. The addition of sorghum proanthocyanidins significantly improved liver lipid droplet accumulation; with increasing dosage, the number of red lipid droplets in liver tissue significantly decreased, the staining became lighter, and the aggregation phenomenon disappeared. Figure 2 (C, 2D) The lipid droplet deposition level in the 250 mg / kg sorghum proanthocyanidin group was close to that in the control group, indicating that sorghum proanthocyanidins can effectively inhibit abnormal accumulation of lipids in the liver and reduce ectopic deposition of cholesterol and triglycerides. From the tissue morphology level, it is confirmed that it can significantly improve the liver lipid metabolism disorder induced by high lipids.

[0029] Comprehensive staining results showed that a high-fat diet could significantly damage the liver tissue structure of fattening pigs, induce severe steatosis and lipid deposition, while sorghum proanthocyanidins could improve liver pathological damage and lipid metabolism disorders by repairing hepatocyte morphology, reducing inflammatory damage, and clearing abnormal lipid droplets in the liver. Moreover, the high-dose intervention had the best effect, further confirming from a histological perspective the functional effect of sorghum proanthocyanidins in regulating liver cholesterol metabolism and reducing lipid accumulation based on the gut-liver axis, providing morphological support for the aforementioned changes in serum and liver biochemical indicators.

[0030] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. The application of sorghum proanthocyanidins in the preparation of low-cholesterol pork feed additives, characterized in that, Add sorghum proanthocyanidins to the high-fat feed for growing-finishing pigs.

2. The application of sorghum proanthocyanidins according to claim 1 in the preparation of low-cholesterol pork feed additives, characterized in that, The effects of adding sorghum proanthocyanidins to the high-fat diet of growing-finishing pigs on the serum of growing-finishing pigs include: Inhibits abnormal accumulation of serum total cholesterol (TC) in pigs induced by a high-fat diet. To alleviate LDL-C accumulation in porcine serum induced by a high-fat diet, Increase the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in porcine serum.

3. The application of sorghum proanthocyanidins according to claim 2 in the preparation of low-cholesterol pork feed additives, characterized in that, Both low-dose and high-dose sorghum proanthocyanidins can inhibit the abnormal accumulation of total cholesterol (TC) in pig serum induced by high-fat diets, with the high-dose sorghum proanthocyanidin group showing a better inhibitory effect than the low-dose sorghum proanthocyanidin group.

4. The application of sorghum proanthocyanidins according to claim 2 in the preparation of low-cholesterol pork feed additives, characterized in that, Adding low doses of sorghum proanthocyanidins had no significant effect on alleviating LDL-C accumulation in pig serum induced by high-fat diet; Adding a high dose of sorghum proanthocyanidins can mildly alleviate the accumulation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in pig serum induced by high-fat diets.

5. The application of sorghum proanthocyanidins according to claim 2 in the preparation of low-cholesterol pork feed additives, characterized in that, Adding low doses of sorghum proanthocyanidins to high-fat feed had no significant effect on increasing the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in pig serum. Adding high doses of sorghum proanthocyanidins to high-fat feed can significantly increase the content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in pig serum, thereby enhancing the body's ability to reverse cholesterol transport.

6. The application of sorghum proanthocyanidins according to claim 1 in the preparation of low-cholesterol pork feed additives, characterized in that, The effects of adding sorghum proanthocyanidins to the high-fat diet of growing-finishing pigs on the liver of growing-finishing pigs include: Inhibits the accumulation of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) in pig liver induced by a high-fat diet. Inhibits LDL-C accumulation in pig liver induced by high-fat diet. Increase the content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in pig liver.

7. The application of sorghum proanthocyanidins according to claim 6 in the preparation of low-cholesterol pork feed additives, characterized in that, Both low-dose and high-dose sorghum proanthocyanidins can significantly inhibit the accumulation of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) in pig liver induced by high-fat diet, thereby repairing liver metabolic damage caused by high fat intake. The high-dose sorghum proanthocyanidin group showed a better inhibitory effect than the low-dose sorghum proanthocyanidin group.

8. The application of sorghum proanthocyanidins according to claim 6 in the preparation of low-cholesterol pork feed additives, characterized in that, Both low-dose and high-dose sorghum proanthocyanidins can inhibit the accumulation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in pig liver induced by high-fat diet. The inhibitory effect of the high-dose sorghum proanthocyanidin group is significantly better than that of the low-dose sorghum proanthocyanidin group.

9. The application of sorghum proanthocyanidins according to claim 6 in the preparation of low-cholesterol pork feed additives, characterized in that, Adding low doses of sorghum proanthocyanidins had no significant effect on increasing the HDL-C content in pig liver, while adding high doses of sorghum proanthocyanidins significantly increased the HDL-C content in pig liver.

10. The application of sorghum proanthocyanidins according to claim 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 or 9 in the preparation of low-cholesterol pork feed additives, characterized in that, The low-dose sorghum proanthocyanidin addition amount is 150 mg of sorghum proanthocyanidin per kilogram of feed, and the high-dose sorghum proanthocyanidin addition amount is 250 mg of sorghum proanthocyanidin per kilogram of feed.

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