A rumen bypass feed supplement for regulating rumen metabolism and reducing diarrhea of plateau ruminants and application thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of feed preparation, and particularly relates to a rumen bypass concentrate supplement for plateau ruminants for regulating rumen metabolism and reducing diarrhea and application thereof. The rumen bypass concentrate supplement comprises the following components in parts by weight: highland barley seeds, oat seeds, Chinese herbal medicine offcuts, compound vitamins, trace elements, rumen bypass fat powder and rumen bypass lysine. The present application can effectively regulate rumen metabolism of plateau ruminants, and significantly improve rumen fermentation stability. In combination with the synergistic effect of specific Chinese herbal medicine offcut fermentation products and compound microbial agents, abnormal foam formation can be significantly inhibited, rumen fluid viscosity can be reduced, and protein excessive exudation can be reduced, so as to relieve rumen gas risk, maintain rumen pH stability, prevent subacute rumen acidosis, and create good conditions for normal digestion and absorption of subsequent nutrients.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of feed preparation technology, and in particular to a rumen-passing concentrate supplement for plateau ruminant cattle and sheep that regulates rumen metabolism and reduces diarrhea, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] High-altitude regions (such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Pamir Plateau) are characterized by high altitude, hypoxia, large diurnal temperature variations, short pasture growing seasons, and high crude fiber content. Ruminant cattle and sheep living in these environments (such as yaks and Tibetan sheep) face the dual challenges of negative energy balance and metabolic disorders. Traditional concentrate supplements are prone to rapid degradation and fermentation in the rumen under the low-oxygen environment of high altitudes, leading to a sharp drop in rumen pH and triggering subacute rumen acidosis (SARA). This, in turn, disrupts the rumen microbiota balance, manifesting as a reduction in cellulose-decomposing bacteria and an overgrowth of lactic acid-producing bacteria, severely inhibiting normal rumen metabolic function.

[0003] Rumen metabolic disorders are the core pathological basis for diarrhea in high-altitude ruminants. On the one hand, acidosis leads to a large influx of undigested starch, protein, and other nutrients from the rumen into the hindgut, causing osmotic diarrhea. On the other hand, endotoxins such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced by abnormal fermentation in the rumen enter the bloodstream, triggering a systemic inflammatory response and further damaging the intestinal mucosal barrier, resulting in persistent and intractable diarrhea. Especially during cold-season migrations, sudden increases in supplementary feeding intensity, or weaning stress in young animals, the incidence of diarrhea can reach as high as 30%–50%, becoming a major bottleneck restricting the healthy development of high-altitude animal husbandry.

[0004] Existing commercially available ruminant concentrate supplements are primarily designed for low-altitude or plains farming practices, generally neglecting the specific physiological and metabolic adaptation needs of high-altitude environments. Most products are still based on conventional corn and soybean meal, lacking rumen-protected treatment; the few products that add rumen regulators (such as monensin and yeast cultures) also fail to utilize rumen-coating technology, resulting in premature release or microbial degradation in the rumen, hindering their effective reach to the hindgut for synergistic regulatory effects. Furthermore, there is currently a lack of rumen-protected concentrate supplements specifically designed for high-altitude regions, integrating rumen metabolic regulation and diarrhea prevention.

[0005] Therefore, developing a rumen-protected concentrate supplement that can regulate rumen fermentation patterns, stabilize rumen pH, and reduce the incidence of diarrhea in high-altitude ruminant cattle and sheep has significant industrial application value. It balances energy supply and nitrogen utilization efficiency in the high-altitude environment, ultimately achieving the dual goals of reducing diarrhea and improving growth performance. This is not only a cutting-edge direction in the nutritional research of high-altitude ruminants but also a key technological path to address the practical pain points of high-altitude animal husbandry. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a rumen-passing concentrate supplement for plateau ruminant cattle and sheep that regulates rumen metabolism and reduces diarrhea, and its application.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a rumen-protected concentrate supplement for plateau ruminant cattle and sheep that regulates rumen metabolism and reduces diarrhea. It comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-70 parts of highland barley seeds, 20-60 parts of oat seeds, 5-30 parts of Chinese herbal medicine scraps, 0.1-1 parts of compound vitamins, 0.05-0.5 parts of trace elements, 1-3 parts of rumen-protected fat powder, and 0.5-2 parts of rumen-protected lysine.

[0008] Preferably, the compound vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, and B vitamins, and each kilogram of concentrate supplement contains 5000-15000 IU of vitamin A, 1000-5000 IU of vitamin D, 30-100 IU of vitamin E, and 10-50 mg of B vitamins; The trace elements are organic selenium, organic copper, organic zinc, and organic manganese. Each kilogram of concentrate supplement contains 0.1-0.5 mg of selenium, 5-20 mg of copper, 30-80 mg of zinc, and 20-60 mg of manganese.

[0009] Preferably, the scraps of traditional Chinese medicine are equal masses of Astragalus membranaceus residue, Licorice residue, Codonopsis pilosula residue, Angelica sinensis residue, and Citrus reticulata residue.

[0010] Preferably, the astragalus root residue, licorice root residue, codonopsis root residue, angelica root residue, and tangerine peel residue refer to the solid residue obtained by filtration after water extraction or alcohol extraction of the above-mentioned Chinese medicinal materials, with an initial moisture content not exceeding 70%. Preferably, the preparation method of the herbal scraps is as follows: mix the astragalus residue, licorice residue, codonopsis residue, angelica residue and tangerine peel residue, adjust the moisture content to 55-65%, then inoculate with compound microbial liquid, anaerobic ferment at 25-40℃ for 5-7 days, after fermentation, dry at low temperature and ultrafine pulverize to obtain the product.

[0011] Preferably, the compound microbial inoculum contains equal masses of *Cytomyces coccidioides*, *Clostridium papillosum*, *Bacillus cereus*, *Clostridium butyricum*, and *Clostridium dihydrogenase*, with the total inoculum amount being 2-3% of the mass of the Chinese medicinal materials.

[0012] Preferably, the bacterial counts of the *Cellulospora manureensis* (purchased from *Grey Algae Biotechnology*), *Clostridium thuringiensis* (purchased from *Grey Algae Biotechnology*), *Bacillus cereus* (Guangzhou Huayun Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), *Clostridium butyricum* (Weifang Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), and *Clostridium dihydrogenase* (Ningbo Mingzhou Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) are all 400-600 million / g.

[0013] Preferably, the low-temperature drying temperature is 40~60℃, and the drying is carried out until the moisture content is ≤8%, and the particle size D90 after ultrafine pulverization is ≤10μm.

[0014] This invention provides a method for preparing the aforementioned rumen-protected concentrate supplement, comprising the following steps: (1) Crush the barley seeds and oat seeds separately and pass them through a 20-40 mesh sieve to obtain barley flour and oat flour; (2) Mix the barley flour and oat flour obtained in step (1) with the scraps of Chinese herbal medicine, rumen-protected fat powder, rumen-protected lysine, compound vitamins and trace elements in proportion, stir evenly to obtain a mixture; (3) The mixture is granulated to obtain rumen-protected feed supplement.

[0015] This invention provides the application of the aforementioned rumen-protected concentrate supplement in the preparation of feed for regulating rumen metabolism and reducing diarrhea in plateau ruminant cattle and sheep.

[0016] Preferably, the amount of the rumen-protected concentrate supplement added to the daily diet of ruminant cattle and sheep is 15-25% of the concentrate portion, or 0.5-1.5 kg / head per day based on the animal's body weight.

[0017] In this invention, barley seeds, oat seeds, rumen-protected fat powder, and rumen-protected lysine form a first layer of synergistic effect. Barley and oats, as high-altitude suitable grains, provide fermentable carbohydrates and crude fiber, but their rapid degradation in the rumen can easily induce acidosis. Rumen-protected fat powder and rumen-protected lysine can safely pass through the rumen, releasing energy and essential amino acids in the intestines. This not only compensates for the energy and nitrogen loss caused by the rapid fermentation of barley and oats but also provides feedback to reduce excessive fermentation of grains in the rumen, stabilizing the rumen pH. Simultaneously, the byproducts of traditional Chinese medicine, after fermentation by specific compound microorganisms, are rich in small-molecule active substances and prebiotics. These, along with barley and oat fiber, synergistically promote the proliferation of cellulose-decomposing bacteria in the rumen, further inhibiting the excessive growth of lactic acid-producing bacteria. The combined effect of these four components maintains rumen metabolic homeostasis from three dimensions: slowing down initial fermentation, supplementing subsequent nutrition, and optimizing the microecology.

[0018] The second layer of synergy is manifested in the complementary and synergistic effects of fermented herbal scraps and rumen-exposed components in the intestines. After microbial transformation, the residues of Astragalus membranaceus, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Codonopsis pilosula, Angelica sinensis, and Citrus reticulata peel in the fermented herbal scraps produce more easily absorbed active polysaccharides, flavonoids, and organic acids, which have anti-inflammatory and intestinal mucosal repair effects. Meanwhile, rumen-exposed lysine and rumen-exposed fat powder, released into the intestines, provide direct nutrition to intestinal epithelial cells and promote the absorption and utilization of the active ingredients in the fermented herbal scraps. Complex vitamins and organic trace elements act as cofactors, enhancing intestinal barrier function and antioxidant capacity. This intestinal-targeted combination of "rumen-exposed nutrition + fermented herbal active substances + micronutrients" can systematically alleviate hindgut osmotic diarrhea and inflammatory diarrhea caused by rumen metabolic disorders, significantly reducing the incidence and severity of diarrhea, and achieving full-process regulation of plateau ruminant cattle and sheep from the rumen to the entire intestine.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: First, this invention can effectively regulate rumen metabolism in plateau ruminant cattle and sheep, and significantly improve rumen fermentation stability. By combining the synergistic effect of fermentation products from specific Chinese herbal scraps with compound microbial agents, it can significantly inhibit abnormal foam formation, reduce rumen fluid viscosity, and decrease excessive protein exudation, thereby alleviating the risk of rumen bloat, maintaining stable rumen pH, preventing subacute rumen acidosis, and creating favorable conditions for the normal digestion and absorption of subsequent nutrients.

[0020] Secondly, this invention significantly improves the digestibility and utilization rate of feed nutrients, promoting enhanced animal growth performance. The rational ratio of highland barley, oats, and rumen-protected lysine and rumen-protected fat powder, combined with fermented Chinese herbal scraps, can promote the decomposition and absorption of key nutrients such as crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber in plateau ruminant cattle and sheep, improve feed conversion efficiency, and thus significantly increase average daily weight gain, improving the energy supply and nitrogen utilization balance of animals in plateau environments.

[0021] Third, this invention has outstanding diarrhea prevention and control effects, reducing the frequency and severity of diarrhea at its source. By stabilizing rumen metabolism and reducing endotoxins produced by abnormal fermentation, while simultaneously targeting the release of rumen-transfer components in the intestine, it synergistically regulates the balance of the gut microbiota and repairs the intestinal mucosal barrier, effectively preventing osmotic diarrhea and inflammatory diarrhea. In practical applications, the duration of mild, moderate, and severe diarrhea in animals was significantly shortened, and even severe diarrhea was eliminated, significantly reducing the negative impact of diarrhea on health and production performance.

[0022] Fourth, this invention is fully adapted to the unique geographical and climatic conditions of the plateau and has significant industrial application value. It uses highland-suitable crops such as barley and oats as main feed, and utilizes byproducts such as medicinal herb residues for bio-fermentation, which reduces feed costs and achieves resource recycling. The product integrates rumen metabolic regulation, rumen protection of nutrition, and intestinal health maintenance, demonstrating excellent adaptability in scenarios with high incidence of diarrhea, such as cold-season migration, changes in supplementary feeding intensity, or stress in young animals. This provides key technical support for the healthy and sustainable development of plateau animal husbandry. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] A rumen-protected concentrate supplement for high-altitude ruminant cattle and sheep that regulates rumen metabolism and reduces diarrhea, comprising the following components by weight: 70 parts of highland barley seeds, 60 parts of oat seeds, 30 parts of Chinese herbal medicine scraps, 1 part of compound vitamins, 0.5 parts of trace elements, 3 parts of rumen-protected fat powder, and 2 parts of rumen-protected lysine.

[0026] The compound vitamin supplement contains the following per kilogram of concentrate: Vitamin A 15000 IU, Vitamin D 5000 IU, Vitamin E 100 IU, and B vitamins 50 mg.

[0027] The trace elements are organic selenium, organic copper, organic zinc, and organic manganese. Each kilogram of concentrate supplement contains: 0.5 mg selenium, 20 mg copper, 80 mg zinc, and 60 mg manganese.

[0028] The herbal scraps consist of equal masses of Astragalus membranaceus residue, Glycyrrhiza uralensis residue, Codonopsis pilosula residue, Angelica sinensis residue, and Citrus reticulata peel residue. The preparation method is as follows: After mixing the above-mentioned herbal scraps, the moisture content is adjusted to 65%, and a compound microbial inoculum (total inoculum amount is 3% of the mass of the herbal raw materials) is inoculated. The inoculum contains equal masses of Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium thuringiensis, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium butyricum, and Clostridium dihydrogenase, each with a bacterial count of 600 million / g. Anaerobic fermentation is carried out at 40℃ for 5 days. After fermentation, the mixture is dried at 60℃ until the moisture content is ≤8%, and then ultra-finely pulverized to a particle size D90 ≤ 10μm.

[0029] The preparation method of the rumen-protected concentrate supplement includes the following steps: (1) Crush the barley seeds and oat seeds separately and pass them through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain barley flour and oat flour; (2) Mix barley flour, oat flour, scraps of Chinese herbal medicine, rumen-protected fat powder, rumen-protected lysine, compound vitamins, and trace elements in proportion and stir evenly to obtain a mixture. (3) Granulate the mixture to obtain the final product.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] A rumen-protected concentrate supplement for high-altitude ruminant cattle and sheep that regulates rumen metabolism and reduces diarrhea, comprising the following components by weight: 30 parts highland barley seeds, 20 parts oat seeds, 5 parts scraps of Chinese herbal medicine, 0.1 parts compound vitamins, 0.05 parts trace elements, 1 part rumen-protected fat powder, and 0.5 parts rumen-protected lysine.

[0032] The compound vitamin supplement contains the following per kilogram of concentrate: Vitamin A 5000 IU, Vitamin D 1000 IU, Vitamin E 30 IU, and B vitamins 10 mg.

[0033] The trace elements are organic selenium, organic copper, organic zinc, and organic manganese. Each kilogram of concentrate supplement contains: 0.1 mg selenium, 5 mg copper, 30 mg zinc, and 20 mg manganese.

[0034] The herbal scraps consist of equal masses of Astragalus membranaceus residue, Glycyrrhiza uralensis residue, Codonopsis pilosula residue, Angelica sinensis residue, and Citrus reticulata peel residue. The preparation method is as follows: After mixing the above-mentioned herbal scraps, the moisture content is adjusted to 55%, and a compound microbial inoculum (total inoculum amount is 2% of the mass of the herbal raw materials) is inoculated. The inoculum contains equal masses of Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium thuringiensis, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium butyricum, and Clostridium dihydrogenase, each with a bacterial count of 400 million / g. Anaerobic fermentation is carried out at 25℃ for 7 days. After fermentation, the material is dried at 40℃ until the moisture content is ≤8%, and then ultra-finely pulverized to a particle size D90 ≤ 10μm.

[0035] The preparation method is the same as in Example 1, except that the sieve is 20 mesh.

[0036] Example 3

[0037] A rumen-protected concentrate supplement for high-altitude ruminant cattle and sheep that regulates rumen metabolism and reduces diarrhea, comprising the following components by weight: 50 parts of highland barley seeds, 40 parts of oat seeds, 17.5 parts of Chinese herbal medicine scraps, 0.55 parts of compound vitamins, 0.275 parts of trace elements, 2 parts of rumen-protected fat powder, and 1.25 parts of rumen-protected lysine.

[0038] The compound vitamin supplement contains the following per kilogram of concentrate: Vitamin A 10,000 IU, Vitamin D 3,000 IU, Vitamin E 65 IU, and B vitamins 30 mg.

[0039] The trace elements are organic selenium, organic copper, organic zinc, and organic manganese. Each kilogram of concentrate supplement contains: 0.3 mg selenium, 12.5 mg copper, 55 mg zinc, and 40 mg manganese.

[0040] The herbal scraps consist of equal masses of Astragalus membranaceus residue, Glycyrrhiza uralensis residue, Codonopsis pilosula residue, Angelica sinensis residue, and Citrus reticulata peel residue. The preparation method is as follows: After mixing the above-mentioned herbal scraps, the moisture content is adjusted to 60%, and a compound microbial inoculum is inoculated (the total inoculum amount is 2.5% of the mass of the herbal raw materials). The inoculum contains equal masses of Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium butyricum, and Clostridium dihydrogenase, each with a bacterial count of 500 million / g. Anaerobic fermentation is carried out at 32℃ for 6 days. After fermentation, the mixture is dried at 50℃ until the moisture content is ≤8%, and then ultra-finely pulverized to a particle size D90 ≤ 10μm.

[0041] The preparation method is the same as in Example 1, except that the sieve is 30 mesh.

[0042] Example 4

[0043] A rumen-protected concentrate supplement for high-altitude ruminant cattle and sheep that regulates rumen metabolism and reduces diarrhea, comprising the following components by weight: 35 parts of highland barley seeds, 25 parts of oat seeds, 8 parts of Chinese herbal medicine scraps, 0.2 parts of compound vitamins, 0.1 parts of trace elements, 1.2 parts of rumen-protected fat powder, and 0.8 parts of rumen-protected lysine.

[0044] The compound vitamin supplement contains the following per kilogram of concentrate: Vitamin A 6000 IU, Vitamin D 1500 IU, Vitamin E 40 IU, and B vitamins 15 mg.

[0045] The trace elements are organic selenium, organic copper, organic zinc, and organic manganese. Each kilogram of concentrate supplement contains: 0.15 mg selenium, 8 mg copper, 35 mg zinc, and 25 mg manganese.

[0046] The herbal scraps consist of equal masses of Astragalus membranaceus residue, licorice residue, Codonopsis pilosula residue, Angelica sinensis residue, and dried tangerine peel residue. The preparation method is as follows: After mixing the above-mentioned herbal scraps, the moisture content is adjusted to 58%, and a compound microbial inoculum (total inoculum amount is 2.2% of the mass of the herbal raw materials) is inoculated. The inoculum contains equal masses of Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium thuringiensis, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium butyricum, and Clostridium dihydrogenase, each with a bacterial count of 450 million / g. Anaerobic fermentation is carried out at 28℃ for 6.5 days. After fermentation, the material is dried at 45℃ until the moisture content is ≤8%, and then ultra-finely pulverized to a particle size D90 ≤ 10μm.

[0047] The preparation method is the same as in Example 1, except that the sieve is 20 mesh.

[0048] Example 5

[0049] A rumen-protected concentrate supplement for high-altitude ruminant cattle and sheep that regulates rumen metabolism and reduces diarrhea, comprising the following components by weight: 65 parts of highland barley seeds, 55 parts of oat seeds, 25 parts of Chinese herbal medicine scraps, 0.8 parts of compound vitamins, 0.4 parts of trace elements, 2.5 parts of rumen-protected fat powder, and 1.6 parts of rumen-protected lysine.

[0050] The compound vitamin supplement contains the following per kilogram of concentrate: Vitamin A 13000 IU, Vitamin D 4000 IU, Vitamin E 80 IU, and B vitamins 40 mg.

[0051] The trace elements are organic selenium, organic copper, organic zinc, and organic manganese. Each kilogram of concentrate supplement contains: 0.4 mg selenium, 16 mg copper, 70 mg zinc, and 50 mg manganese.

[0052] The herbal scraps consist of equal masses of Astragalus membranaceus residue, Glycyrrhiza uralensis residue, Codonopsis pilosula residue, Angelica sinensis residue, and Citrus reticulata peel residue. The preparation method is as follows: After mixing the above-mentioned herbal scraps, the moisture content is adjusted to 62%, and a compound microbial inoculum (total inoculum amount is 2.8% of the herbal raw material mass) is inoculated. The inoculum contains equal masses of Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium thuringiensis, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium butyricum, and Clostridium dihydrogenase, each with a bacterial count of 550 million / g. Anaerobic fermentation is carried out at 35℃ for 5.5 days. After fermentation, the residue is dried at 55℃ until the moisture content is ≤8%, and then ultra-finely pulverized to a particle size D90 ≤ 10μm.

[0053] The preparation method is the same as in Example 1, except that the sieve is 40 mesh.

[0054] Comparative Example 1 The other methods are the same as in Example 3, except that the Codonopsis pilosula residue, Angelica sinensis residue, and Citrus reticulata residue are replaced with equal amounts of Astragalus membranaceus residue and Glycyrrhiza uralensis residue.

[0055] Comparative Example 2 The other methods are the same as in Example 3, except that the *Cytomyces coccidioides* and *Clostridium perfringens* are replaced with an equal amount of *Bacillus cereus*.

[0056] Comparative Example 3 The other methods are the same as in Example 3, except that no rumen-protected fat powder and rumen-protected lysine are added.

[0057] Experimental Example 1 Forty Tibetan sheep in good condition and of similar weight were selected and randomly divided into four groups: an experimental group fed with the concentrate supplement obtained in Example 3, a control group 1 fed with Comparative Example 1, a control group 2 fed with Comparative Example 2, and a control group 3 fed with Comparative Example 3. The experiment lasted for 40 days, including a 10-day pre-feeding period and a 30-day formal experimental period. During the experiment, the Tibetan sheep were housed in individual pens and fed concentrate supplement twice a day, morning and evening, with the supplement amount being 20% ​​of the concentrate portion. They had free access to water and feed.

[0058] Four hours after morning feeding on the 30th day of the formal experiment, rumen contents were collected from each Tibetan sheep using a gastric tube connected to a vacuum pump. The samples were filtered through four layers of gauze to obtain rumen fluid, which was then aliquoted and stored at -20°C for subsequent measurements.

[0059] Rumen bloat scores were assessed every morning from day 25 to day 30 of the trial, using a 0-3 point scale (0 points: no obvious bloat; 1 point: mild bloat on the left side; 2 points: obvious bloat on the left side, with the rumen bulging upwards and backwards; 3 points: severe bloat, with bulging extending beyond the midline of the back and visible from the right side). The average score over 6 days was used as the final bloat score.

[0060] The foaming properties of rumen fluid were determined by a combination of the modified Roche method and the Rudin method. CO2 gas was introduced into 30 mL of rumen fluid at 25 °C with a pressure of 1 Pa for 60 seconds, and the time required for the foam to completely disappear (foam holding power, min) was recorded. Each sample was measured 3 times and the average value was taken.

[0061] The viscosity of rumen fluid was determined using a capillary viscometer in accordance with GB / T 22235-2008 standard, and the protein concentration in rumen fluid was detected using the Coomassie brilliant blue method.

[0062] The results of the above measurements, including rumen fluid foam holding power, foaming power, viscosity, protein content, bloating score, and foam volume statistics, are shown in Table 1. These indicators are used together to evaluate the regulatory effects of different concentrate supplements on the rumen metabolism and fermentation stability of Tibetan sheep.

[0063] Table 1. Rumen Data Survey Form

[0064] Table 1 shows the effects of different concentrate supplements on the rumen metabolism and fermentation stability of Tibetan sheep. Compared with the comparative examples, the rumen fluid foam holding power, foaming power, viscosity, and protein content of Example 3 were all at the lowest levels, and the bloat score was also significantly lower than that of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, with the least amount of foam. This indicates that the rumen-treated concentrate supplement provided by the present invention can effectively inhibit the formation of abnormal foam in the rumen, reduce the viscosity of rumen contents, and reduce excessive protein exudation, thereby significantly alleviating the risk of rumen bloat and maintaining the stability of the rumen environment.

[0065] Experiment Example 2 1. Forty 12-month-old growing yaks in good condition and with similar weights were randomly divided into four groups: an experimental group fed with the concentrate supplement obtained in Example 3, a control group 1 fed with Comparative Example 1, a control group 2 fed with Comparative Example 2, and a control group 3 fed with Comparative Example 3. The experiment lasted for 60 days, including a 10-day pre-feeding period and a 50-day formal experimental period. During the experiment, the yaks were fed concentrate supplement twice a day, morning and evening, with the supplement amount being 20% ​​of the concentrate portion. The yaks had free access to water and feed. The yaks were weighed on an empty stomach before morning feeding at week 0 (at the start of the experiment), week 1, and week 8 (feeding was stopped at 8:00 PM the night before weighing). Remaining feed was collected and weighed daily. After the experiment, the average daily weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were calculated.

[0066] Samples of the mixed feed from each group were collected weekly, dried at 65℃ for 72 hours, and then pulverized for nutrient index testing. Nitrogen content was determined using the Kjeldahl method, energy using an oxygen bomb calorimeter, and fiber content using an ANKOM A2000I fiber analyzer. Moisture, protein, ash, and other conventional nutrient indicators were also tested. Fecal samples were collected daily at 8:00 AM using the endogenous indicator method. After weighing and thorough mixing, approximately 1% of the total amount was used as a sample, dried at 65℃ for 72 hours, pulverized, and then tested for moisture, fiber, ash, and other indicators. A separate sample was taken for protein content testing; 10% sulfuric acid was added for nitrogen fixation before measurement.

[0067] The apparent digestibility of each nutrient is calculated using the following formula: Apparent digestibility (%) = (Total feed intake × Nutrient content in feed - Fecal output × Nutrient content in feces) / (Total feed intake × Nutrient content in feed) × 100%. The effects of different feeds on various indicators of growth performance in growing yaks are detailed in Table 2 (including average daily weight gain, crude protein digestibility, neutral detergent fiber digestibility, acid detergent fiber digestibility, etc.).

[0068] Table 2. Survey of Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility

[0069] Table 2 reflects the effects of different treatments on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of growing yaks. Example 3 outperformed the comparative examples in all four indicators: average daily weight gain, crude protein digestibility, neutral detergent fiber digestibility, and acid detergent fiber digestibility. This indicates that the product of this invention can promote the digestion and absorption of protein and fiber nutrients in feed by plateau ruminant cattle and sheep, improve feed conversion efficiency, and thus support faster animal growth.

[0070] 2. During the experiment, the diarrhea status of each yak was observed and recorded daily, and the yaks were divided into four levels: no diarrhea, mild diarrhea, moderate diarrhea, and severe diarrhea. The average duration of mild diarrhea, moderate diarrhea, and severe diarrhea were calculated for each group of yaks.

[0071] The specific criteria for diagnosis are as follows: No diarrhea, normal yak feces, no obvious thin or watery stools; Mild diarrhea, slightly thin stools, but no obvious diarrhea symptoms, with slight impact on feeding, drinking, and activity; Moderate diarrhea, significantly thin stools, increased frequency of diarrhea per day, and obvious diarrhea symptoms such as decreased appetite and poor mental state; Severe diarrhea, extremely thin stools, possibly containing blood or other abnormal substances, frequent diarrhea, and yaks exhibiting obvious weakness, dehydration, digestive disorders, and other serious complications. Detailed statistical results of diarrhea in each group of yaks are shown in Table 3.

[0072] Table 3. Diarrhea Survey Form

[0073] Table 3 shows the time distribution of diarrhea occurrence in each group of yaks during the experiment. The average duration of mild, moderate, and severe diarrhea in Example 3 was shorter than in all comparative groups, especially the duration of severe diarrhea was zero. This demonstrates that the rumen-treated concentrate supplement can effectively reduce the frequency and severity of diarrhea, mitigate the negative impact of diarrhea on animal health and production performance, and exhibits good diarrhea control effects.

[0074] The results in Tables 1 to 3 show that the rumen-protected concentrate supplement proposed in this invention significantly reduces the risk of diarrhea in plateau ruminant cattle and sheep and improves their growth performance by optimizing the rumen fermentation mode, reducing foamy bloating, and improving nutrient digestibility. The comparative examples, due to changes in the composition of herbal scraps, adjustments to the fermentation strains, or the absence of rumen-protected components, did not achieve the comprehensive regulatory effect of Example 3, further verifying the scientific validity and irreplaceability of the technical solution of this invention.

[0075] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rumen-processed concentrate supplement for plateau ruminant cattle and sheep that regulates rumen metabolism and reduces diarrhea, characterized in that, It comprises the following components by weight: 30-70 parts highland barley seeds, 20-60 parts oat seeds, 5-30 parts scraps of Chinese herbal medicine, 0.1-1 part compound vitamins, 0.05-0.5 parts trace elements, 1-3 parts rumen-protected fat powder, and 0.5-2 parts rumen-protected lysine.

2. The rumen-protected concentrate supplement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, and B vitamins. Each kilogram of concentrate supplement contains 5000-15000 IU of vitamin A, 1000-5000 IU of vitamin D, 30-100 IU of vitamin E, and 10-50 mg of B vitamins. The trace elements are organic selenium, organic copper, organic zinc, and organic manganese. Each kilogram of concentrate supplement contains 0.1-0.5 mg of selenium, 5-20 mg of copper, 30-80 mg of zinc, and 20-60 mg of manganese.

3. The rumen-protected concentrate supplement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The herbal scraps consist of equal masses of Astragalus membranaceus residue, licorice residue, Codonopsis pilosula residue, Angelica sinensis residue, and dried tangerine peel residue.

4. The rumen-protected concentrate supplement according to claim 3, characterized in that, The preparation method of the herbal scraps is as follows: mix the astragalus residue, licorice residue, codonopsis residue, angelica residue and tangerine peel residue, adjust the moisture content to 55-65%, then inoculate with compound microbial liquid, and anaerobic ferment at 25-40℃ for 5-7 days. After fermentation, dry at low temperature and then pulverize into ultrafine powder.

5. The rumen-protected concentrate supplement according to claim 4, characterized in that, The compound microbial inoculum contains equal masses of *Cytomyces coccidioides*, *Clostridium papillosum*, *Bacillus cereus*, *Clostridium butyricum*, and *Clostridium dihydrogenase*, with a total inoculum amount of 2-3% of the weight of the Chinese medicinal materials.

6. The rumen-protected concentrate supplement according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bacterial counts of *Cellulosum flocculationii*, *Clostridium papillosum*, *Bacillus cereus*, *Clostridium butyricum*, and *Clostridium dihydrogenase* were all 400-600 million / g.

7. The rumen-protected concentrate supplement according to claim 4, characterized in that, The low-temperature drying temperature is 40~60℃, and the drying is carried out until the moisture content is ≤8% and the particle size D90 after ultrafine pulverization is ≤10μm.

8. The method for preparing rumen-protected concentrate supplement according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Crush the barley seeds and oat seeds separately and pass them through a 20-40 mesh sieve to obtain barley flour and oat flour; (2) Mix the barley flour and oat flour obtained in step (1) with the scraps of Chinese herbal medicine, rumen-protected fat powder, rumen-protected lysine, compound vitamins and trace elements in proportion, stir evenly to obtain a mixture; (3) The mixture is granulated to obtain rumen-protected feed supplement.

9. The use of the rumen-protected concentrate supplement according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in the preparation of feed for regulating rumen metabolism and reducing diarrhea in plateau ruminant cattle and sheep.

10. The application according to claim 9, characterized in that, The amount of the rumen-protected concentrate supplement added to the daily diet of ruminant cattle and sheep is 15-25% of the concentrate portion, or 0.5-1.5 kg / head per day based on the animal's body weight.

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