A feed for Tibetan chicken in brooding period and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of Tibetan chicken feed in brooding period and preparation method thereof, belong to livestock and poultry feed technical field.The feed includes corn, barley powder, wheat, soybean meal, fish meal, silkworm chrysalis powder, stone powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate, salt, vitamin premix, trace element premix, functional additive and nanoliposome by weight portion;Wherein functional additive is composed of rhodioside, astragalus polysaccharide, barley polyphenol, sea-buckthorn flavone, medium-chain fatty acid, branched-chain amino acid, fructo-oligosaccharide, galacto-oligosaccharide, highland probiotic, compound enzyme preparation for feeding, and rhodioside, astragalus polysaccharide, barley polyphenol, sea-buckthorn flavone are embedded by nanoliposome, and the rest functional additive component does not carry out embedding.The feed of the application is suitable for physiological characteristics of brooding period Tibetan chicken, meets the nutritional requirements of brooding period Tibetan chicken under plateau environment, improves the survival rate and growth performance of Tibetan chicken.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of livestock and poultry feed technology, specifically relating to a brooding period Tibetan chicken feed and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Tibetan chickens are a unique local breed native to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region of my country. They possess excellent characteristics such as resistance to high altitude and low oxygen levels, and strong resilience, making them an important species in plateau animal husbandry. The brooding period (0-6 weeks old) is a critical stage for the growth and development of Tibetan chickens. The feeding and management during this stage directly affects their survival rate, growth rate, and later production performance.

[0003] The current Tibetan chicken breeding period faces many problems: (1) Low survival rate. Traditional feeds mostly use ordinary broiler or laying hen feeds, without fully considering the physiological characteristics of Tibetan chickens and the special needs of the plateau environment. Under the harsh conditions of low oxygen and low temperature in the plateau, due to unreasonable feed nutrition ratio, lack of functional components, and low digestion and absorption efficiency, the survival rate of Tibetan chickens during the breeding period is generally maintained at a low level of 80-85%, which seriously restricts the economic benefits of Tibetan chicken breeding. (2) Slow growth and development. The existing feed formula has a high content of anti-nutritional factors, insufficient bioavailability of functional additives, and poor physical properties of feed particles (such as hardness and palatability), resulting in low average daily weight gain and high feed conversion ratio of Tibetan chickens during the breeding period, which is significantly lower than the growth performance indicators of modern broiler breeds, prolonging the breeding cycle and increasing breeding costs. (3) Poor adaptability to the plateau environment. The existing feed lacks special nutritional supplements for the low oxygen environment of the plateau, and active ingredients such as probiotics are easily inactivated during processing. (4) The utilization efficiency of functional additives is low. Although some feed products have tried to add functional ingredients such as Chinese herbal extracts, probiotics, and enzyme preparations, these active ingredients are severely lost during feed processing, storage and digestion due to the lack of effective protection technology.

[0004] Therefore, developing a specialized feed that can effectively improve the survival rate of Tibetan chickens during the brooding period, promote their growth and development, and help them adapt to the high-altitude environment has become one of the urgent problems to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a Tibetan chicken brooding feed and its preparation method. The feed can effectively improve the survival rate of Tibetan chickens during the brooding period, promote growth and development, and has good adaptability to the plateau environment.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a Tibetan chicken feed for the brooding period, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 45-55 parts corn, 8-12 parts highland barley flour, 5-8 parts wheat, 12-18 parts soybean meal, 4-6 parts fish meal, 2-4 parts silkworm pupa powder, 1.5-2.5 parts limestone powder, 0.8-1.2 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.2-0.3 parts salt, 0.15-0.25 parts vitamin premix, 0.1-0.15 parts trace element premix, 0.5-5 parts functional additives, and 0.5-1.0 parts nanoliposomes; The functional additive comprises the following components, the content of each component being based on parts by weight of the total weight of the feed: 0.05-0.1 parts rhodioloside, 0.1-0.2 parts astragalus polysaccharide, 0.08-0.15 parts highland barley polyphenols, 0.05-0.1 parts sea buckthorn flavonoids, 0.2-0.4 parts medium-chain fatty acids, 0.3-0.5 parts branched-chain amino acids, 0.5-1.0 parts fructooligosaccharides, 0.3-0.6 parts galactooligosaccharides, 0.1-0.2 parts highland probiotics, and 0.1-0.2 parts feed-grade compound enzyme preparation; Among them, rhodioloside, astragalus polysaccharide, barley polyphenol, and sea buckthorn flavonoids are encapsulated in the nanoliposomes; medium-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, plateau probiotics, and feed compound enzyme preparations are not encapsulated in the nanoliposomes.

[0007] Preferably, the medium-chain fatty acid is at least one or a combination of caprylic acid, capric acid, and lauric acid; the branched-chain amino acid is leucine, isoleucine, and valine, with a mass ratio of (2~3):(1~2):(1~2); the plateau probiotic is at least one of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium, with a viable count ≥1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g; the feed compound enzyme preparation contains cellulase, protease and amylase, with an enzyme activity ratio of (20000~30000)U:(15000~25000)U:(10000~20000)U; the nanoliposomes are composed of soybean lecithin and cholesterol in a mass ratio of (8~10):1, with a particle size of 50~200nm and an encapsulation efficiency ≥85%.

[0008] Preferably, the vitamin premix contains vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, niacin, calcium pantothenate, folic acid, biotin, and choline; the trace element premix contains ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium iodide, sodium selenite, and cobalt sulfate.

[0009] Preferably, the Tibetan chicken feed during the brooding period contains the following components: vitamin A 8000-12000 IU / kg, vitamin D3 1500-2500 IU / kg, vitamin E 20-40 IU / kg, vitamin K3 2-4 mg / kg, vitamin B1 2-4 mg / kg, vitamin B2 4-8 mg / kg, vitamin B6 2-4 mg / kg, vitamin B12 0.015-0.025 mg / kg, niacin 20-40 mg / kg, calcium pantothenate 8-15 mg / kg, folic acid 0.8-1.5 mg / kg, biotin 0.1-0.2 mg / kg, and choline 300-500 mg / kg.

[0010] Preferably, the brooding Tibetan chicken feed contains 80-150 mg / kg ferrous sulfate, 8-15 mg / kg copper sulfate, 60-100 mg / kg zinc sulfate, 80-120 mg / kg manganese sulfate, 0.8-1.5 mg / kg potassium iodide, 0.2-0.4 mg / kg sodium selenite, and 0.1-0.2 mg / kg cobalt sulfate.

[0011] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned Tibetan chicken feed during the brooding period, comprising the following steps: (1) Raw material pretreatment: Corn, barley and wheat are crushed to 80-100 mesh respectively, and soybean meal, fish meal and silkworm pupa powder are passed through a 60 mesh sieve; (2) Low-temperature enzymatic hydrolysis: Mix the corn, barley flour, wheat, soybean meal, fish meal and silkworm pupa flour obtained after crushing, add the raw material pretreatment enzyme preparation, and enzymatically hydrolyze for 2-3 hours at 40-45℃ and pH 6.0-6.5, and then heat at 78-82℃ for 8-12 minutes to inactivate the enzyme; (3) Nano-encapsulation: Vitamin premix, trace element premix, rhodioloside, astragalus polysaccharide, barley polyphenol, sea buckthorn flavonoids and nanoliposomes are mixed and nano-encapsulated particles are prepared by nano-encapsulation technology. (4) Mixing and granulation: Mix the raw materials after enzymatic hydrolysis in step (2), stone powder, dicalcium phosphate, salt, nano-encapsulated particles obtained in step (3), medium-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, plateau probiotics and feed compound enzyme preparation for 20-25 minutes, and then place them in a ring die pellet mill and granulate them under the condition of a ring die compression ratio of 1: (6-8) to obtain feed pellets; (5) Low-temperature drying: The feed pellets obtained in step (4) are dried at 60°C until the moisture content is ≤10%; (6) Packaging and storage: Vacuum packaged and stored away from light.

[0012] Preferably, in step (2), the raw material pretreatment enzyme preparation includes α-amylase, β-glucanase, xylanase and phytase, with an enzyme activity ratio of (5000~8000)U:(3000~5000)U:(2000~4000)U:(1000~2000)U; in step (3), the nanoliposomes are prepared by thin film dispersion or high pressure homogenization; in step (4), the mixing is carried out by a biaxial paddle mixer with a mixing speed of 20~30 rpm.

[0013] Preferably, in step (4), the feed pellets obtained by pelleting have a particle size of 2.0~3.0 mm.

[0014] The present invention also provides the use of the above-mentioned Tibetan chicken brooding feed in improving the survival rate of Tibetan chickens during the brooding period.

[0015] The present invention also provides the use of the above-mentioned Tibetan chicken brooding feed in promoting the growth and development of Tibetan chickens during the brooding period.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) Improved survival rate of Tibetan chickens during the brooding period: The rhodioloside, astragalus polysaccharide, barley polyphenols, and sea buckthorn flavonoids encapsulated in the nanoliposomes of this invention have a synergistic effect on enhancing immunity, which can effectively improve the disease resistance of Tibetan chickens; the plateau probiotics can regulate the balance of intestinal flora, improve intestinal health, and reduce the occurrence of diseases such as diarrhea; the reasonable ratio of vitamins and trace elements meets the special nutritional needs of Tibetan chickens during the brooding period and enhances the body's resistance. Experimental data show that after using the feed of this invention, the survival rate of Tibetan chickens during the brooding period can be increased to 95.2%~97.5%, which is 10.7~13.0 percentage points higher than that of traditional feed.

[0017] (2) Effectively promotes the growth and development of Tibetan chickens during the brooding period: This invention effectively removes anti-nutritional factors from raw materials through low-temperature enzymatic hydrolysis, improving the digestibility and absorption rate of nutrients; the reasonable ratio of medium-chain fatty acids and branched-chain amino acids provides Tibetan chickens with high-quality energy and protein sources; fructooligosaccharides and galactooligosaccharides, as prebiotics, work synergistically with plateau probiotics to improve the intestinal microecological environment and promote nutrient absorption; the feed compound enzyme preparation supplements the deficiency of endogenous enzymes in Tibetan chickens, further improving feed utilization. Experimental data show that after using the feed of this invention, the average daily weight gain of Tibetan chickens during the brooding period can reach 6.05~6.49g / day, the feed conversion ratio is reduced to below 4.76:1, and the incidence of diarrhea is reduced to below 4.8%.

[0018] (3) Good adaptability to high-altitude environment: The feed of this invention is added for high-altitude environment. Rhodiola rosea glycoside has a significant anti-hypoxia effect, which can improve the adaptability of Tibetan chickens in the low-oxygen environment of high altitude; barley polyphenols and sea buckthorn flavonoids have antioxidant effects, which can effectively resist the oxidative damage of strong ultraviolet rays in high altitude; astragalus polysaccharide has an immunomodulatory effect, which can enhance the stress resistance of Tibetan chickens; and the barley flour added to the feed is a characteristic raw material of high-altitude areas, which is more in line with the diet of Tibetan chickens.

[0019] (4) High utilization efficiency of functional additives: The present invention adopts nanoliposome encapsulation technology. Nanoliposome encapsulation protects the stability of active ingredients such as rhodioloside, astragalus polysaccharide, barley polyphenol, and sea buckthorn flavonoids during processing and storage, and the encapsulation efficiency is ≥85%, ensuring the effective content of functional additives; the unencapsulated functional additives (medium-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, plateau probiotics, and feed compound enzyme preparations) maintain their activity and play a synergistic role during granulation.

[0020] (5) The present invention uses a low-temperature enzymatic hydrolysis process to effectively remove anti-nutritional factors under mild conditions, avoiding the destruction of nutrients by high-temperature treatment; the low-temperature drying process (60°C) protects the activity of heat-sensitive nutrients (such as vitamins and probiotics); the feed pellets prepared by the ring die pelleting process have moderate hardness and good palatability, which is conducive to Tibetan chickens eating.

[0021] In summary, the Tibetan chicken feed provided by this invention can effectively solve the problems of low survival rate, slow growth and development, and poor adaptability to high-altitude environments in Tibetan chickens during the brooding period, and has good practical value. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 Bar chart showing the survival rate of Tibetan chickens during the brooding period after 6 weeks of feeding in Examples 1 to 3 of this invention and the blank group; Figure 2 This is a comparative bar chart showing the average daily weight gain (in g / day) of Tibetan chickens during the brooding period after 6 weeks of feeding in Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention and the blank group; Figure 3 The graphs show the feed conversion ratio (FCR) curves of Tibetan chickens during the brooding period after 6 weeks of feeding in Examples 1 to 3 and the control group of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a bar chart comparing the incidence of diarrhea in Tibetan chickens during the brooding period after 6 weeks of feeding in Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention and the blank group; Figure 5 This is a comparison chart of four key production performance and health indicators between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 in the Tibetan chicken breeding experiment during the brooding period; from left to right: survival rate (%) from 0 to 6 weeks of age, average daily weight gain (g / day), feed conversion ratio, and diarrhea incidence (%). Figure 6This is a comparison chart of four key production performance and health indicators between Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 in the Tibetan chicken breeding experiment during the brooding period; from left to right: survival rate (%) from 0 to 6 weeks of age, average daily weight gain (g / day), feed conversion ratio, and diarrhea incidence (%). Figure 7 This is a comparison chart of four key production performance and health indicators of Tibetan chickens in the brooding period of Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 of the present invention; from left to right: survival rate (%) of 0-6 weeks of age, average daily weight gain (g / day), feed conversion ratio, and diarrhea incidence (%). Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods.

[0025] Unless otherwise specified, all materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0026] This invention discloses a Tibetan chicken feed for the brooding period, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 45-55 parts corn, 8-12 parts highland barley flour, 5-8 parts wheat, 12-18 parts soybean meal, 4-6 parts fish meal, 2-4 parts silkworm pupa powder, 1.5-2.5 parts limestone powder, 0.8-1.2 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.2-0.3 parts salt, 0.15-0.25 parts vitamin premix, 0.1-0.15 parts trace element premix, 0.5-5 parts functional additives, and 0.5-1.0 parts nanoliposomes; The functional additive contains the following components, the content of each component being based on parts by weight of the total feed: 0.05-0.1 parts rhodioloside, 0.1-0.2 parts astragalus polysaccharide, 0.08-0.15 parts highland barley polyphenols, 0.05-0.1 parts sea buckthorn flavonoids, 0.2-0.4 parts medium-chain fatty acids, 0.3-0.5 parts branched-chain amino acids, 0.5-1.0 parts fructooligosaccharides, 0.3-0.6 parts galactooligosaccharides, 0.1-0.2 parts highland probiotics, and 0.1-0.2 parts feed-grade compound enzyme preparation; wherein, rhodioloside, astragalus polysaccharide, highland barley polyphenols, and sea buckthorn flavonoids are encapsulated in the nanoliposomes; medium-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, highland probiotics, and feed-grade compound enzyme preparation are not encapsulated in the nanoliposomes.

[0027] Medium-chain fatty acids are at least one of caprylic acid, capric acid, and lauric acid, or a combination thereof; branched-chain amino acids are leucine, isoleucine, and valine, in a mass ratio of (2~3):(1~2):(1~2); plateau probiotics are at least one of lactobacillus and bifidobacteria, with a viable count ≥1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g; The feed compound enzyme preparation contains cellulase, protease and amylase, with an enzyme activity ratio of (20000~30000)U:(15000~25000)U:(10000~20000)U; The nanoliposomes are composed of soybean lecithin and cholesterol in a mass ratio of (8~10):1, with a particle size of 50~200nm and an encapsulation efficiency of ≥85%.

[0028] The Tibetan chicken feed for the brooding period contains the following vitamins: Vitamin A 8000-12000 IU / kg, Vitamin D3 1500-2500 IU / kg, Vitamin E 20-40 IU / kg, Vitamin K3 2-4 mg / kg, Vitamin B1 2-4 mg / kg, Vitamin B2 4-8 mg / kg, Vitamin B6 2-4 mg / kg, Vitamin B12 0.015-0.025 mg / kg, Niacin 20-40 mg / kg, Calcium Pantothenate 8-15 mg / kg, Folic Acid 0.8-1.5 mg / kg, Biotin 0.1-0.2 mg / kg, and Choline 300-500 mg / kg.

[0029] The brooding Tibetan chicken feed contains 80-150 mg / kg ferrous sulfate, 8-15 mg / kg copper sulfate, 60-100 mg / kg zinc sulfate, 80-120 mg / kg manganese sulfate, 0.8-1.5 mg / kg potassium iodide, 0.2-0.4 mg / kg sodium selenite, and 0.1-0.2 mg / kg cobalt sulfate.

[0030] This invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned Tibetan chicken feed during the brooding period, comprising the following steps: (1) Raw material pretreatment: Corn, barley and wheat are crushed to 80-100 mesh respectively, and soybean meal, fish meal and silkworm pupa powder are passed through a 60 mesh sieve.

[0031] (2) Low-temperature enzymatic hydrolysis: The corn, barley flour, wheat, soybean meal, fish meal and silkworm pupa flour obtained after crushing are mixed and the raw material pretreatment enzyme preparation is added. The mixture is enzymatically hydrolyzed for 2-3 hours at 40-45℃ and pH 6.0-6.5, and then heated at 78-82℃ for 8-12 minutes to inactivate the enzyme. The raw material pretreatment enzyme preparation contains α-amylase, β-glucanase, xylanase and phytase, and the enzyme activity ratio is (5000-8000)U:(3000-5000)U:(2000-4000)U:(1000-2000)U.

[0032] (3) Nanoparticle encapsulation: Vitamin premix, trace element premix, rhodioloside, astragalus polysaccharide, barley polyphenol, sea buckthorn flavonoids and nanoliposomes are mixed and nanoparticle encapsulated using nanoliposome encapsulation technology to prepare nanoparticles; wherein, nanoliposome encapsulation is prepared by thin film dispersion method or high pressure homogenization method.

[0033] (4) Mixing and granulation: Mix the raw materials after enzymatic hydrolysis in step (2), stone powder, dicalcium phosphate, salt, nano-encapsulated particles obtained in step (3), medium-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, plateau probiotics and feed compound enzyme preparation for 20-25 minutes, and then place them in a ring die granulator and granulate them under the condition of a ring die compression ratio of 1:(6-8) to obtain feed pellets; wherein, the mixing is carried out by a twin-shaft paddle mixer with a mixing speed of 20-30 rpm, and the feed pellets obtained by granulation have a particle size of 2.0-3.0 mm.

[0034] (5) Low temperature drying: The feed pellets obtained in step (4) are dried at 60°C until the moisture content is ≤10%.

[0035] (6) Packaging and storage: Vacuum packaged and stored away from light.

[0036] The present invention also provides the use of the above-mentioned Tibetan chicken brooding feed in improving the survival rate of Tibetan chickens during the brooding period.

[0037] The present invention also provides the use of the above-mentioned Tibetan chicken brooding feed in promoting the growth and development of Tibetan chickens during the brooding period.

[0038] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments: Example 1 1.1 Feed Formulation The brooding Tibetan chicken feed of this embodiment includes the following components by weight: 50 parts corn, 10 parts highland barley flour, 6 parts wheat, 15 parts soybean meal, 5 parts fish meal, 3 parts silkworm pupa powder, 2.0 parts limestone powder, 1.0 part dicalcium phosphate, 0.25 parts salt, 0.20 parts vitamin premix, 0.12 parts trace element premix, 0.75 parts nanoliposomes, and 2.73 parts functional additives.

[0039] The 2.73 functional additives mentioned above specifically include: 0.08 parts rhodioloside, 0.15 parts astragalus polysaccharide, 0.12 parts highland barley polyphenols, 0.08 parts sea buckthorn flavonoids, 0.3 parts medium-chain fatty acids (octanoic acid, capric acid, and lauric acid mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1), 0.4 parts branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine mixed in a mass ratio of 2.5:1.5:1.5), 0.8 parts fructooligosaccharides, 0.5 parts galactooligosaccharides, and highland probiotics (lactobacterium and bifidobacterium mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1, with a viable count ≥1×10⁻⁶).9 0.15 parts of CFU / g and 0.15 parts of feed compound enzyme preparation (cellulase, protease and amylase mixed at an enzyme activity ratio of 25000U:20000U:15000U).

[0040] The vitamin premix addition amount is 0.20 parts, so that the final feed contains vitamin A 10000 IU / kg, vitamin D3 2000 IU / kg, vitamin E 30 IU / kg, vitamin K3 3 mg / kg, vitamin B1 3 mg / kg, vitamin B2 6 mg / kg, vitamin B6 3 mg / kg, vitamin B12 0.02 mg / kg, niacin 30 mg / kg, calcium pantothenate 12 mg / kg, folic acid 1.2 mg / kg, biotin 0.15 mg / kg, and choline 400 mg / kg.

[0041] The amount of trace element premix added is 0.12 parts, so that the final feed contains 120 mg / kg ferrous sulfate, 12 mg / kg copper sulfate, 80 mg / kg zinc sulfate, 100 mg / kg manganese sulfate, 1.2 mg / kg potassium iodide, 0.3 mg / kg sodium selenite, and 0.15 mg / kg cobalt sulfate.

[0042] The nanoliposomes are composed of soybean lecithin and cholesterol in a mass ratio of 9:1, with a particle size of 100~150nm and an encapsulation efficiency of ≥88%.

[0043] 1.2 Preparation method The specific steps for preparing Tibetan chicken feed during the brooding period in this embodiment are as follows: (1) Raw material pretreatment: The corn, barley and wheat were crushed to 90 mesh, and the soybean meal, fish meal and silkworm pupa powder were passed through a 60 mesh sieve.

[0044] (2) Low-temperature enzymatic hydrolysis: The corn, barley flour, wheat, soybean meal, fish meal and silkworm pupa flour obtained after crushing in step (1) are mixed and the raw material pretreatment enzyme preparation (α-amylase 6000U, β-glucanase 4000U, xylanase 3000U, phytase 1500U) is added. The mixture is enzymatically hydrolyzed at 42℃ and pH 6.3 for 2.5h. Then the enzyme is inactivated by heating at 80℃ for 10min.

[0045] (3) Nano-encapsulation: Vitamin premix, trace element premix, rhodioloside, astragalus polysaccharide, barley polyphenol, and sea buckthorn flavonoids were mixed with nanoliposomes and nano-encapsulated particles were prepared by thin film dispersion method. The specific steps are as follows: Soybean lecithin and cholesterol were dissolved in anhydrous ethanol at a mass ratio of 9:1 to prepare a liposome solution, and then mixed with the active ingredients; the solvent was evaporated by rotary evaporation at 40℃ and -0.095MPa for 30min to form a uniform lipid film on the inner wall of the flask; phosphate buffer (pH 10.5) was added to the flask where the film was formed. 7.4) The crude liposome suspension was hydrated by stirring in a water bath at 50℃ to form a crude liposome suspension. The crude liposome suspension was ultrasonically treated at 300W and 40kHz for 15min, and then homogenized under high pressure (80MPa, 3 times) to control the particle size within the range of 100~150nm. The treated liposome suspension was centrifuged to remove unencapsulated free components, resulting in a nano-encapsulated particle suspension. Finally, the nano-encapsulated particle suspension was freeze-dried to obtain nano-encapsulated particle powder. The particle size of the obtained nano-encapsulated particles was determined to be 125±15nm, and the encapsulation efficiency was 88.5%.

[0046] (4) Mixing and granulation: The raw materials after enzymatic hydrolysis in step (2), stone powder, dicalcium phosphate, salt, nano-encapsulated particles obtained in step (3), medium-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, plateau probiotics and feed compound enzyme preparation are added to a biaxial paddle mixer and mixed at a speed of 25 rpm for 22 min; then placed in a ring die pellet mill and granulated under a ring die compression ratio of 1:7 to obtain feed pellets with a particle size of 2.5 mm.

[0047] (5) Dry the feed pellets obtained in step (4) at 60°C until the moisture content is 9.5%, then vacuum package them and store them away from light.

[0048] Example 2 2.1 Feed Formulation The Tibetan chicken feed for the brooding period in this embodiment includes the following components by weight: 48 parts corn, 11 parts highland barley flour, 7 parts wheat, 16 parts soybean meal, 5.5 parts fish meal, 3.5 parts silkworm pupa powder, 2.2 parts limestone powder, 1.1 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.28 parts salt, 0.22 parts vitamin premix, 0.13 parts trace element premix, 0.85 parts nanoliposomes, and 3.11 parts functional additives.

[0049] The aforementioned 3.11 functional additives specifically include: 0.09 parts rhodioloside, 0.18 parts astragalus polysaccharide, 0.14 parts highland barley polyphenols, 0.09 parts sea buckthorn flavonoids, 0.35 parts medium-chain fatty acids (octanoic acid, capric acid, and lauric acid mixed in a 1:1:1 mass ratio), 0.45 parts branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine mixed in a 2.5:1.5:1.5 mass ratio), 0.9 parts fructooligosaccharides, 0.55 parts galactooligosaccharides, and highland probiotics (lactobacterium and bifidobacterium mixed in a 1:1 mass ratio, with a viable count ≥1×10⁻⁶). 9 0.18 parts of CFU / g compound enzyme preparation (cellulase, protease and amylase mixed at an enzyme activity ratio of 25000U:20000U:15000U).

[0050] The vitamin premix addition amount is 0.22 parts, so that the final feed contains vitamin A 10000 IU / kg, vitamin D3 2000 IU / kg, vitamin E 30 IU / kg, vitamin K3 3 mg / kg, vitamin B1 3 mg / kg, vitamin B2 6 mg / kg, vitamin B6 3 mg / kg, vitamin B12 0.02 mg / kg, niacin 30 mg / kg, calcium pantothenate 12 mg / kg, folic acid 1.2 mg / kg, biotin 0.15 mg / kg, and choline 400 mg / kg.

[0051] The amount of trace element premix added is 0.13 parts, so that the final feed contains 120 mg / kg ferrous sulfate, 12 mg / kg copper sulfate, 80 mg / kg zinc sulfate, 100 mg / kg manganese sulfate, 1.2 mg / kg potassium iodide, 0.3 mg / kg sodium selenite, and 0.15 mg / kg cobalt sulfate.

[0052] The nanoliposomes are composed of soybean lecithin and cholesterol in a mass ratio of 9:1, with a particle size of 100~150nm and an encapsulation efficiency of ≥88%.

[0053] 2.2 Preparation method The preparation method in this embodiment is exactly the same as that in Example 1 above.

[0054] Example 3 3.1 Feed Formulation The Tibetan chicken feed for the brooding period in this embodiment includes the following components by weight: 52 parts corn, 9 parts highland barley flour, 5.5 parts wheat, 14 parts soybean meal, 4.5 parts fish meal, 2.5 parts silkworm pupa powder, 1.8 parts limestone powder, 0.9 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.22 parts salt, 0.18 parts vitamin premix, 0.11 parts trace element premix, 0.51 parts nanoliposomes, and 2.17 parts functional additives.

[0055] The 2.17 functional additives mentioned above specifically include: 0.06 parts rhodioloside, 0.12 parts astragalus polysaccharide, 0.09 parts highland barley polyphenols, 0.06 parts sea buckthorn flavonoids, 0.25 parts medium-chain fatty acids (octanoic acid, capric acid, and lauric acid mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1), 0.35 parts branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine mixed in a mass ratio of 2.5:1.5:1.5), 0.6 parts fructooligosaccharides, 0.4 parts galactooligosaccharides, and highland probiotics (lactobacterium and bifidobacterium mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1, with a viable count ≥1×10⁻⁶). 9 0.12 parts of CFU / g and 0.12 parts of feed compound enzyme preparation (cellulase, protease and amylase mixed at an enzyme activity ratio of 25000U:20000U:15000U).

[0056] The vitamin premix addition amount is 0.18 parts, so that the final feed contains vitamin A 10000 IU / kg, vitamin D3 2000 IU / kg, vitamin E 30 IU / kg, vitamin K3 3 mg / kg, vitamin B1 3 mg / kg, vitamin B2 6 mg / kg, vitamin B6 3 mg / kg, vitamin B12 0.02 mg / kg, niacin 30 mg / kg, calcium pantothenate 12 mg / kg, folic acid 1.2 mg / kg, biotin 0.15 mg / kg, and choline 400 mg / kg.

[0057] The amount of trace element premix added is 0.11 parts, so that the final feed contains 120 mg / kg ferrous sulfate, 12 mg / kg copper sulfate, 80 mg / kg zinc sulfate, 100 mg / kg manganese sulfate, 1.2 mg / kg potassium iodide, 0.3 mg / kg sodium selenite, and 0.15 mg / kg cobalt sulfate.

[0058] The nanoliposomes are composed of soybean lecithin and cholesterol in a mass ratio of 9:1, with a particle size of 100~150nm and an encapsulation efficiency of ≥88%.

[0059] 2.2 Preparation method The preparation method in this embodiment is exactly the same as that in Example 1 above.

[0060] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example is a feed without nanoliposome encapsulation.

[0061] The feed formulation in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1, but the rhodioloside, astragalus polysaccharide, barley polyphenols, and sea buckthorn flavonoids are not encapsulated in nanoliposomes, but are directly mixed with other raw materials.

[0062] The preparation method is basically the same as in Example 1, but step (3) nano-embedding is omitted, and rhodioloside, astragalus polysaccharide, barley polyphenols, and sea buckthorn flavonoids are directly mixed with other raw materials in step (4).

[0063] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example uses feed that does not contain functional additives.

[0064] The feed formulation in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1, but does not contain functional additives (rhodioloside, astragalus polysaccharide, barley polyphenols, sea buckthorn flavonoids, medium-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, highland probiotics, and feed compound enzyme preparations).

[0065] The preparation method is the same as in Example 1, but the addition of functional additives is omitted.

[0066] Comparative Example 3 This comparative example uses the traditional high-temperature granulation process.

[0067] The feed formulation for this comparative example is the same as that for Example 1.

[0068] The preparation method differs from that in Example 1 in that step (2) low-temperature enzymatic hydrolysis is omitted, and the drying temperature in step (5) is increased from 60°C to 85°C. Specifically, the raw materials are pulverized and then directly mixed with other components to form granules, and the resulting granules are dried at 85°C until the moisture content meets the standard.

[0069] Experimental Example Feeding experiment: Experimental animals: 210 healthy Tibetan chicken chicks aged 1 day were randomly divided into 7 groups: blank group (KC), Example 1 group (S1), Example 2 group (S2), Example 3 group (S3), Comparative Example 1 group (D1), Comparative Example 2 group (D2), and Comparative Example 3 group (D3), with 30 chicks in each group; Group KC: fed with commercially available standard Tibetan chicken brooding feed; Group S1: Feeded with the Tibetan chicken feed prepared in Example 1 of this invention during the brooding period; Group S2: Feeded with the Tibetan chicken feed prepared in Example 2 of this invention during the brooding period; Group S3: Feeded with the Tibetan chicken feed prepared in Example 3 of this invention during the brooding period; Group D1: Feeded with the Tibetan chicken feed prepared in Comparative Example 1 of this invention during the brooding period; Group D2: Feeded with the Tibetan chicken feed prepared in Comparative Example 2 of this invention during the brooding period; Group D3: Feeded with the Tibetan chicken feed prepared in Comparative Example 3 of this invention during the brooding period; Feeding period: 6 weeks; Rearing environment: Week 1 33℃, Week 2 30℃, Week 3 27℃, Week 4 24℃, Week 5 21℃, Week 6 19℃; Feeding method: Each group was fed the same amount of feed three times a day, with free access to water. The experimental results are shown in Table 1.

[0070] Table 1 From Table 1 and Figures 1-7 It can be seen from this: (1) Survival rate: The survival rates of Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3 were 96.8%, 97.5% and 95.2% respectively, which were 12.3, 13.0 and 10.7 percentage points higher than the blank group (84.5%). Therefore, the feed prepared by the present invention significantly improves the survival rate of Tibetan chickens during the brooding period.

[0071] (2) Average daily weight gain: Examples 1, 2 and 3 were 6.32 g / day, 6.49 g / day and 6.05 g / day, respectively, which were 20.6%, 23.9% and 15.5% higher than the blank group (5.24 g / day). Therefore, the feed prepared by this invention effectively promotes the early rapid growth of Tibetan chickens, further demonstrating the synergistic effect of low-temperature enzymatic hydrolysis to remove anti-nutritional factors, nano-encapsulation to protect active ingredients and functional additives, which significantly improves the efficiency of nutrient digestion and absorption.

[0072] (3) Feed conversion ratio (FCR): Examples 1, 2, and 3 were 4.68:1, 4.62:1, and 4.76:1, respectively, which increased the FCR by 14.1%, 15.2%, and 12.7% compared to the control group (5.45:1). Calculation method: ×100%; Therefore, the feed prepared by this invention can significantly reduce the amount of feed consumed per unit weight gain, reflecting its comprehensive advantages in energy utilization, protein deposition and intestinal health regulation.

[0073] (4) Incidence of diarrhea: The incidence rates of diarrhea in Examples 1, 2 and 3 were 4.3%, 3.5% and 4.8% respectively, which were 10.2, 11.0 and 9.7 percentage points lower than the 14.5% in the blank group. Therefore, the present invention significantly inhibits intestinal disorders, indicating that the synergistic antibacterial-repair-immunity triple mechanism of "prebiotics (fructooligosaccharides / galactose) + probiotics (highland adapted strains) + plant polyphenols (barley polyphenols, sea buckthorn flavonoids) + immunomodulators (astragalus polysaccharides, rhodioloside)" effectively maintains the integrity of the intestinal barrier.

[0074] (5) Comparative analysis of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1: Comparative Example 1 is a control feed that does not use nanoliposome encapsulation technology. The rest of the formulation and preparation process (including low-temperature enzymatic hydrolysis, types and amounts of functional additives, low-temperature granulation and drying conditions) are consistent with Example 1.

[0075] The experimental results showed that the survival rate of the 0-6 week old group in the control group was 91.5%, which was lower than that of the 96.8% in the control group; its average daily weight gain was 5.07 g / day, which was lower than that of the 6.32 g / day in the control group; its feed conversion ratio was 5.45:1, which was higher than that of the 4.68:1 in the control group; and the incidence of diarrhea was 14.5%, which was higher than that of the 4.3% in the control group.

[0076] The above results indicate that, all other things being equal, the absence of nanoliposome encapsulation significantly reduces the growth performance and health indicators of Tibetan chickens. This is because heat-sensitive functional components such as rhodioloside, astragalus polysaccharides, and plateau probiotics are easily inactivated or degraded by humid heat, oxidation, and gastric acid during conventional processing and storage; while nanoliposome encapsulation can effectively improve their stability, sustained release, and targeted delivery capabilities, ensuring their full release in the intestinal tract and enabling them to exert their immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and microecological regulation effects.

[0077] (6) Comparative analysis of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2: Comparative Example 2 was a control feed without functional additives, and the remaining processes (including nanoliposome encapsulation, low-temperature enzymatic hydrolysis, low-temperature granulation and drying) were consistent with those in Example 1.

[0078] The experimental results showed that the survival rate of 0-6 weeks of age in Comparative Example 2 was 88.5%, which was lower than 96.8% in Example 1; the average daily weight gain was 5.41 g / day, which was lower than 6.32 g / day in Example 1; the feed conversion ratio was 5.05:1, which was higher than 4.68:1 in Example 1; and the incidence of diarrhea was 10.5%, which was higher than 4.3% in Example 1.

[0079] The above results indicate that, under the premise of retaining nano-encapsulation and low-temperature process, the lack of functional additives still leads to the overall deterioration of various indicators; further, it shows that the "immunity-gut-energy" synergistic system composed of components such as fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, plateau probiotics, astragalus polysaccharides, rhodioloside and barley polyphenols is the material basis of the core efficacy of this invention, and its multi-target regulatory effect is irreplaceable.

[0080] (7) Comparative analysis of Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 3 uses a traditional high-temperature granulation process (granulation and drying temperature ≥80℃), and omits the low-temperature enzymatic hydrolysis step. The remaining formulation (including nanoliposome encapsulation and functional additives) is the same as that of Example 1.

[0081] The experimental results showed that the survival rate of 0-6 weeks of age in the comparative group 3 was 89.5%, which was lower than the 96.8% in the example group 1; the average daily weight gain was 5.47 g / day, which was lower than the 6.32 g / day in the example group 1; the feed conversion ratio was 5.23:1, which was higher than the 4.68:1 in the example group 1; and the incidence of diarrhea was 9.2%, which was higher than the 4.3% in the example group 1.

[0082] The above results indicate that traditional high-temperature granulation processes, on the one hand, damage the structure of nanoliposomes, causing premature leakage and inactivation of the encapsulated active ingredients; on the other hand, the lack of low-temperature enzymatic hydrolysis prevents the effective degradation of anti-nutritional factors such as phytic acid and β-glucan in the raw materials, inhibiting the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Simultaneously, high temperatures cause the death of a large number of probiotics, weakening the gut health regulatory function. Therefore, low-temperature enzymatic hydrolysis combined with low-temperature granulation / drying is a necessary process condition to ensure the bioactivity and nutritional value of the feed of this invention.

[0083] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of a brooding Tibetan chicken feed and its preparation method disclosed in this invention. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are merely for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to this invention without departing from its principles, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A brooding feed for Tibetan chickens, characterized in that, It comprises the following components by weight: 45-55 parts corn, 8-12 parts highland barley flour, 5-8 parts wheat, 12-18 parts soybean meal, 4-6 parts fish meal, 2-4 parts silkworm pupa powder, 1.5-2.5 parts limestone powder, 0.8-1.2 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.2-0.3 parts salt, 0.15-0.25 parts vitamin premix, 0.1-0.15 parts trace element premix, 0.5-5 parts functional additives, and 0.5-1.0 parts nanoliposomes; The functional additive comprises the following components, the content of each component being based on parts by weight of the total weight of the feed: 0.05-0.1 parts rhodioloside, 0.1-0.2 parts astragalus polysaccharide, 0.08-0.15 parts highland barley polyphenols, 0.05-0.1 parts sea buckthorn flavonoids, 0.2-0.4 parts medium-chain fatty acids, 0.3-0.5 parts branched-chain amino acids, 0.5-1.0 parts fructooligosaccharides, 0.3-0.6 parts galactooligosaccharides, 0.1-0.2 parts highland probiotics, and 0.1-0.2 parts feed-grade compound enzyme preparation; Among them, rhodioloside, astragalus polysaccharide, barley polyphenol, and sea buckthorn flavonoids are encapsulated in the nanoliposomes; medium-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, plateau probiotics, and feed compound enzyme preparations are not encapsulated in the nanoliposomes.

2. The brooding feed for Tibetan chickens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The medium-chain fatty acid is at least one of caprylic acid, capric acid, and lauric acid, or a combination thereof; the branched-chain amino acid is leucine, isoleucine, and valine, in a mass ratio of (2~3):(1~2):(1~2); the plateau probiotic is at least one of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium, with a viable count ≥1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g; the feed compound enzyme preparation contains cellulase, protease and amylase, with an enzyme activity ratio of (20000~30000)U:(15000~25000)U:(10000~20000)U; the nanoliposomes are composed of soybean lecithin and cholesterol in a mass ratio of (8~10):1, with a particle size of 50~200nm and an encapsulation efficiency ≥85%.

3. The Tibetan chicken feed for the brooding period according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vitamin premix contains vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, niacin, calcium pantothenate, folic acid, biotin, and choline; the trace element premix contains ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium iodide, sodium selenite, and cobalt sulfate.

4. The Tibetan chicken feed for the brooding period according to claim 3, characterized in that, The Tibetan chicken feed for the brooding period contains the following components: Vitamin A 8000-12000 IU / kg, Vitamin D3 1500-2500 IU / kg, Vitamin E 20-40 IU / kg, Vitamin K3 2-4 mg / kg, Vitamin B1 2-4 mg / kg, Vitamin B2 4-8 mg / kg, Vitamin B6 2-4 mg / kg, Vitamin B12 0.015-0.025 mg / kg, Niacin 20-40 mg / kg, Calcium Pantothenate 8-15 mg / kg, Folic Acid 0.8-1.5 mg / kg, Biotin 0.1-0.2 mg / kg, and Choline 300-500 mg / kg.

5. The brooding period Tibetan chicken feed according to claim 3, characterized in that, The brooding Tibetan chicken feed contains 80-150 mg / kg ferrous sulfate, 8-15 mg / kg copper sulfate, 60-100 mg / kg zinc sulfate, 80-120 mg / kg manganese sulfate, 0.8-1.5 mg / kg potassium iodide, 0.2-0.4 mg / kg sodium selenite, and 0.1-0.2 mg / kg cobalt sulfate.

6. A method for preparing Tibetan chicken feed during the brooding period as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Raw material pretreatment: Corn, barley and wheat are crushed to 80-100 mesh respectively, and soybean meal, fish meal and silkworm pupa powder are passed through a 60 mesh sieve; (2) Low-temperature enzymatic hydrolysis: Mix the corn, barley flour, wheat, soybean meal, fish meal and silkworm pupa flour obtained after crushing, add the raw material pretreatment enzyme preparation, and enzymatically hydrolyze for 2-3 hours at 40-45℃ and pH 6.0-6.5, and then heat at 78-82℃ for 8-12 minutes to inactivate the enzyme; (3) Nano-encapsulation: Vitamin premix, trace element premix, rhodioloside, astragalus polysaccharide, barley polyphenol, sea buckthorn flavonoids and nanoliposomes are mixed and nano-encapsulated particles are prepared by nano-encapsulation technology. (4) Mixing and granulation: Mix the raw materials after enzymatic hydrolysis in step (2), stone powder, dicalcium phosphate, salt, nano-encapsulated particles obtained in step (3), medium-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, plateau probiotics and feed compound enzyme preparation for 20-25 minutes, and then place them in a ring die pellet mill and granulate them under the condition of a ring die compression ratio of 1: (6-8) to obtain feed pellets; (5) Low-temperature drying: The feed pellets obtained in step (4) are dried at 60°C until the moisture content is ≤10%; (6) Packaging and storage: Vacuum packaged and stored away from light.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (2), the raw material pretreatment enzyme preparation contains α-amylase, β-glucanase, xylanase and phytase, with an enzyme activity ratio of (5000~8000)U:(3000~5000)U:(2000~4000)U:(1000~2000)U; in step (3), the nanoliposomes are prepared by thin film dispersion or high pressure homogenization; in step (4), the mixing is carried out by a biaxial paddle mixer with a mixing speed of 20~30 rpm.

8. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (4), the feed pellets obtained by pelleting have a particle size of 2.0~3.0 mm.

9. A feed for improving the survival rate of Tibetan chickens during the brooding period, characterized in that, The feed is the Tibetan chicken feed for the brooding period as described in any one of claims 1-5.

10. A feed that promotes the growth and development of Tibetan chickens during the brooding period, characterized in that, The feed is the Tibetan chicken feed for the brooding period as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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