A method and structure for fixing a barrier membrane for oral bone tissue regeneration based on periosteal anchoring

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of oral bone tissue regeneration barrier membrane fixing method and fixed structure based on periosteal anchoring, belong to oral bone tissue regeneration technical field.For the problem of insufficient stability of barrier membrane edge in existing guided bone tissue regeneration surgery, the fixed area extending to mesial side and distal side is determined in the bone defect area, the periosteal tissue located outside the bone defect area, not flap and maintaining natural attached state is selected as the root side anchoring point, the root side edge of barrier membrane is fixed by horizontal mattress suture across the root side of bone defect area using the root side anchoring point, the side edge is fixed by vertical mattress suture on mesial side and distal side respectively, and the crown side edge of barrier membrane is fixed by horizontal mattress suture and intermittent suture on the crown side of bone defect area.The application is fixed in multiple directions by root side, mesial side, distal side and crown side, so that the four surrounding edges of barrier membrane are stably attached to the bone surface around the bone defect area, and the stability of bone regeneration space is maintained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oral bone tissue regeneration technology, specifically to a method and structure for fixing a barrier membrane during bone tissue regeneration surgery. Background Technology

[0002] Guided bone regeneration is a crucial clinical technique for repairing alveolar bone defects and achieving bone regeneration. This technique involves implanting bone repair materials into the bone defect area and using a barrier membrane to isolate soft tissue cells, providing a relatively stable spatial environment for osteoblast migration, growth, and bone formation. In the repair of vertical, horizontal, and complex three-dimensional bone defects, the barrier membrane not only needs to cover the defect area but also maintain a stable position and morphology throughout the entire bone regeneration cycle to prevent collapse of the bone regeneration space, displacement of the bone repair material, and soft tissue intrusion into the defect area.

[0003] Currently, in clinical practice, methods such as titanium screws or membrane screws, and suture fixation are commonly used to stabilize the barrier membrane. Among these, titanium screws or membrane screws provide strong mechanical retention, but usually require additional drilling and fixation procedures on the bone surface. Their application may be limited in bone defect areas with insufficient bone height, thin bone walls, or restricted anatomical space. Furthermore, the location, number, and implantation angle of the fixation screws all affect the adhesion of the barrier membrane and the maintenance of bone regeneration space.

[0004] Suture fixation, as another commonly used method for barrier membrane fixation, is characterized by its flexibility, minimal trauma, and wide applicability. However, existing suture fixation methods typically rely on the periosteum, soft tissue, or limited bone surface around the defect area after flapping as the fixation base, mainly achieving barrier membrane positioning through local traction. In cases of large-scale bone defects, vertical bone augmentation, or three-dimensional bone defects, due to the increased defect area and the lack of effective fixation points around the barrier membrane, suture tension can easily cause the edge of the barrier membrane to shift towards the center of the defect, leading to barrier membrane contraction, displacement, or insufficient adhesion, thereby affecting the stability of bone repair materials and the maintenance of bone regeneration space. For example, while commonly used absorbable collagen membranes (such as Bio-Gide) have good biocompatibility, their self-space maintenance capacity is limited, often requiring the use of auxiliary fixation techniques or fixation devices. However, existing suture fixation procedures are technically sensitive, and many unpredictable factors exist during the healing process; therefore, membrane staple fixation is usually still the preferred option in clinical practice.

[0005] In addition, during traditional flap surgery, the periosteum around the bone defect area usually needs to be fully dissected to obtain surgical space. However, after the periosteum is dissected, the bone repair material often shows significant radicular displacement. Especially during the movement of the perioral muscles, the defect area needs to withstand tension from multiple directions. Relying solely on coronal, mesial, and distal fixation makes it difficult to maintain the overall stability of the bone regeneration space in the long term.

[0006] Therefore, how to establish a more stable barrier membrane fixation method using oral anatomy without adding additional fixation pins, improve the edge fit of the barrier membrane, and maintain local spatial stability during bone regeneration remains a pressing technical problem in the field of oral bone tissue regeneration. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that in the existing guided bone tissue regeneration techniques, the barrier membrane fixation method mainly relies on a limited number of fixation points around the defect area. In particular, in the root region of the bone defect, there is a lack of stable and reliable fixation support structure, which easily leads to insufficient edge stability of the barrier membrane and a decrease in the maintenance effect of bone regeneration space.

[0008] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a method for fixing a barrier membrane and maintaining bone regeneration space during oral bone tissue regeneration surgery, comprising the following steps: (1) Based on the patient's dental arch morphology, the extent of bone defects and the available periosteal area, determine the apical extension and fixation area extending mesially and distally to the outside of the bone defect area; and select periosteal tissue that has not been flapped, has not been dissected and maintains continuous attachment with the underlying bone tissue within the apical extension and fixation area, and use it as the mesial and distal apical anchor points respectively. (2) Using the mesial radicular anchor point and the distal radicular anchor point, a horizontal mattress suture method is adopted to make the suture line cross the radicular area of ​​the bone defect area along the direction of the dental arch curvature, and fix the radicular edge of the barrier membrane so that the radicular edge of the barrier membrane is attached to the radicular bone surface of the bone defect area. (3) Vertical mattress sutures are used to fix the proximal and distal edges of the barrier membrane on the mesial and distal sides of the bone defect area, respectively, so that the corresponding side edges of the barrier membrane are attached to the lateral bone surface of the bone defect area. (4) In the coronal region of the bone defect area, horizontal mattress sutures and interrupted sutures are used to fix the coronal edge of the barrier membrane so that the coronal edge of the barrier membrane is attached to the bone surface around the bone defect area; (5) By using root-side fixation, mesial fixation, distal fixation and coronal fixation, a stable fit structure is formed around the edges of the barrier membrane, thereby maintaining the spatial stability of the area covered by the bone repair material.

[0009] Preferably, the suture path of the apical horizontal mattress suture is set along the curvature of the patient's dental arch, so that the traction generated during the tightening of the suture is mainly used to fix the apical edge of the barrier membrane, and the apical anchor point set on the outside of the bone defect area restricts the movement of the barrier membrane edge towards the defect center, so as to maintain the spatial stability of the barrier membrane coverage area.

[0010] Preferably, the fixation point used for the mesial and distal vertical mattress sutures is located on the radicular periosteal tissue exposed after flap flapping, corresponding to the mesial and distal sides of the bone defect area, and this fixation point is anatomically independent of the radicular anchor point in the unflapped area used for the radicular horizontal mattress sutures.

[0011] Preferably, the coronal fixation employs a combination of horizontal mattress sutures and interrupted sutures, wherein the horizontal mattress sutures provide continuous fixation tension, and the interrupted sutures enhance the adhesion stability between the coronal edge of the barrier membrane and the bone surface.

[0012] The present invention also provides a barrier membrane spatial stabilization fixing structure for implementing the above-described barrier membrane fixing method, comprising a root-square crossing fixing structure, a mesial fixing structure, a distal fixing structure, and a coronal fixing structure configured in conjunction with the barrier membrane.

[0013] Wherein: the radicular fixation structure includes radicular periosteal anchoring structures located in the mesial and distal extension areas of the bone defect region, and a horizontal mattress suture structure connecting the two radicular periosteal anchoring structures and spanning the radicular side of the bone defect region; the radicular periosteal anchoring structure includes periosteal tissue located on the lateral side of the bone defect region, without flapping and maintaining its natural attachment state; the mesial and distal fixation structures are respectively used to fix the corresponding side edges of the barrier membrane to the lateral bone surface of the bone defect region through vertical mattress sutures; the coronal fixation structure is used to fix the coronal edge of the barrier membrane to the bone surface surrounding the bone defect region through horizontal mattress sutures and interrupted sutures.

[0014] Preferably, the horizontal mattress sutures in the root-side cross-fixation structure are arranged substantially parallel to the horizontal mattress sutures in the coronal-side fixation structure; the vertical mattress sutures in the mesial and distal fixation structures are respectively arranged to intersect with the horizontal mattress sutures, thereby forming a directional tension fixation structure around the barrier membrane.

[0015] Preferably, the barrier membrane includes one or more of absorbable collagen barrier membrane, biodegradable barrier membrane, or non-absorbable barrier membrane; the bone repair material includes one or more combinations of autologous bone, allogeneic bone, xenogeneic bone, and synthetic bone materials.

[0016] Preferably, the fixation method or fixation structure is used to guide one or more of bone tissue regeneration, vertical bone augmentation, horizontal bone augmentation, combined horizontal and vertical bone augmentation, and complex three-dimensional bone defect repair.

[0017] In practice, the above fixation steps can be adjusted appropriately according to the morphology of the bone defect, the type of barrier membrane, and the surgical conditions.

[0018] The barrier membrane fixing method and fixing structure described in this invention have the following advantages compared with the prior art: (1) The present invention utilizes the periosteal tissue on the outer side of the bone defect area that has not been flapped and maintains its natural attachment state as the root anchor point, which breaks through the limitation of the traditional fixation point in the flap area and can effectively limit the contraction of soft tissue and the displacement of the root edge of the barrier membrane towards the center of the defect when the suture is tightened. (2) The present invention uses a root-square cross-fixation structure to allow the horizontal mattress suture to cross the root of the bone defect area along the direction of the dental arch curvature. The tension generated when the suture is tightened causes the root-square edge of the barrier membrane to adhere to the bone surface, effectively improving the fixation stability of the root-square area. (3) The present invention forms a combined fixation system in four directions: coronal, mesial, distal and radicular, so that the barrier membrane is constrained in multiple directions, which effectively improves the spatial stability of the barrier membrane after covering the bone repair material. (4) The present invention can utilize the naturally attached periosteal tissue to achieve root fixation, and in some embodiments, it can reduce the reliance on additional bone surface fixation instruments, thereby simplifying the fixation operation steps. (5) The present invention is applicable to the repair of different types of alveolar bone defects, including horizontal bone increment, vertical bone increment, combined horizontal and vertical bone increment and complex three-dimensional bone defect repair, and provides a barrier membrane space stabilization fixation scheme applicable to various alveolar bone defect morphologies. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 : Overall schematic diagram of the barrier membrane fixing structure of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Equivalent substitutions or improvements made to the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] In specific implementations, the barrier membrane can be selected from absorbable barrier membranes (including but not limited to collagen barrier membranes and synthetic absorbable membranes) or non-absorbable barrier membranes (including but not limited to expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membranes and titanium-reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene membranes) according to clinical needs; the bone repair material can be one or more combinations of autologous bone, allogeneic bone, xenogeneic bone or artificial synthetic bone materials; the sutures can be absorbable sutures or non-absorbable sutures.

[0022] In this embodiment, the preferred order is root-side fixation, mesial and distal fixation, and coronal fixation. The rationale for this order is that the root side is the most difficult area to effectively fix using traditional methods; prioritizing root-side fixation ensures that this core challenge is addressed first. After root-side fixation, the barrier membrane achieves basic positioning, and performing mesial and distal fixation and coronal closure on this basis facilitates the gradual unfolding of the barrier membrane from the root side to the coronal side, improving the stability of the barrier membrane's spread state. This preferred order does not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention.

[0023] Example 1: Barrier membrane fixation method for single-tooth bone defect areas This embodiment provides a method for fixing a barrier membrane and maintaining bone regeneration space during the repair of bone defects in a single tooth position.

[0024] (1) Preoperative assessment: The extent and morphology of the bone defect area are obtained through imaging examinations before surgery. The extent of the bone defect, the shape of the dental arch, and the available periosteum around the bone defect area are assessed. Based on the assessment results, the location and extent of the root extension fixation area are designed preoperatively.

[0025] (2) Treatment of the bone defect area: After routine preparation of the surgical area, a horizontal incision is made at the alveolar ridge crest of the bone defect area, with additional bilateral vertical relaxation incisions. The full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap is raised to expose the coronal, mesial, distal, and apical aspects of the bone defect area. The periosteum in the lateral apical expansion fixation area is not dissected to maintain its natural attachment to the underlying bone tissue. After flap elevation, granulation tissue and fibrous connective tissue that affect bone regeneration in the bone defect area are removed, and the bone wall is trimmed.

[0026] (3) Implantation of bone repair material and covering with barrier membrane: The bone repair material is filled into the bone defect area. The shape of the bone repair material is adjusted according to the defect morphology to form a predetermined regeneration space (hereinafter referred to as "bone regeneration space") for the stable retention of the bone repair material. After implantation, it can be gently pressed with an instrument, but excessive pressure should not be applied. A barrier membrane of appropriate size is selected according to the extent of the bone defect area, and the barrier membrane is cut to cover the bone repair material and the bone defect area, and the edge of the barrier membrane extends to the surrounding fixable area, leaving a fixation edge of appropriate width. The barrier membrane is placed above the bone defect area to cover the bone repair material.

[0027] (4) Determination of Root Anchor Points: Root extension and fixation areas are determined based on the extent of the bone defect, the patient's dental arch morphology, and the available periosteum in the root area. These root extension and fixation areas extend mesially and distally to the outer side of the bone defect area. Within the root extension and fixation area, periosteum that has not been flapped and maintains its natural attachment is selected. Specifically, local areas of periosteum within the aforementioned area are selected as the mesial and distal root anchoring areas (hereinafter referred to as "mesial root anchor points" and "distal root anchor points"). The root anchor points are located lateral to the bone defect area, maintaining a certain distance from the edge of the bone defect area to avoid tension being directly concentrated at the defect edge during suture traction. The selection criteria for root anchor points are as follows: the periosteum is intact and tough, tightly attached to the underlying bone tissue, and has sufficient strength to withstand suture traction; important anatomical structures are avoided.

[0028] (5) Root-side crossing fixation: The root-side edge of the barrier membrane is fixed using the aforementioned mesial and distal root-side anchor points. Specifically, the suture is inserted from the mesial root-side anchor point, extending along the curvature of the patient's dental arch, crossing the root of the bone defect area, passing through the predetermined fixation position of the root-side edge of the barrier membrane, and then extending to the distal root-side anchor point to form a horizontal mattress suture structure (or other suture structure that can produce the same restraining effect). By tightening the suture, the root-side edge of the barrier membrane is made to adhere to the root-side bone surface of the bone defect area, while the root-side anchor point located on the outer side of the bone defect area restricts the movement of the root-side edge of the barrier membrane towards the center of the defect. In other embodiments, the root-side crossing suture structure can be formed by a single continuous suture, multiple segmented sutures, or a combination of multiple anchor points.

[0029] (6) Mesial and distal fixation: After completing the apical cross-fixation, vertical mattress sutures are performed on the mesial and distal sides of the bone defect area. The mesial and distal fixation points are located on the apical periosteum exposed after flap elevation, corresponding to the mesial and distal sides of the bone defect area. Through vertical mattress sutures, the mesial and distal edges of the barrier membrane are respectively attached to the lateral bone surface of the bone defect area. The mesial and distal fixation points are anatomically independent of the apical anchor points in the un-flap-exposed area used for the apical horizontal mattress sutures.

[0030] (7) Coronal fixation and completion: After lateral fixation, horizontal mattress sutures and interrupted sutures are used to fix the coronal edge of the barrier membrane in the coronal region of the bone defect area. Horizontal mattress sutures are used to provide continuous fixation tension, while interrupted sutures are used to further enhance local fit stability.

[0031] Adjust the suture tension in each direction sequentially to ensure stable adhesion between the edges of the barrier membrane and the surrounding bone surface of the bone defect area. After confirming that the barrier membrane coverage is stable and the bone repair material is in the predetermined space, tie the sutures sequentially to complete the fixation and close the wound.

[0032] Through the above methods, a four-directional spatially stable fixation system is formed, consisting of coronal fixation, mesial fixation, distal fixation, and root-crossing fixation.

[0033] Example 2: Barrier membrane fixation method for continuous multi-tooth bone defects This embodiment is applicable to large-scale bone defects caused by the loss of multiple consecutive teeth.

[0034] Unlike Example 1, the radicular extension fixation area is expanded accordingly due to the increased bone defect area, to ensure that the mesial and distal radicular anchor points are located outside the bone defect area and have intact, unflapped periosteal tissue that maintains its natural attachment state.

[0035] After the barrier membrane covers the bone defect area, radicular anchor points located on both sides of the defect area are used for radicular cross-fixation. In cases of large defects, one or more auxiliary fixation points can be added within the span of the radicular horizontal mattress suture structure. These auxiliary fixation points are placed on the periosteum surrounding the middle section of the bone defect area and connected to the corresponding area of ​​the radicular edge of the barrier membrane via auxiliary sutures, allowing the radicular cross-fixation structure to achieve more uniform fixation over a longer span. Subsequently, mesial, distal, and coronal fixation are performed sequentially, forming a stable fixation structure around the bone defect area using the barrier membrane.

[0036] Example 3: Barrier membrane fixation method for vertical and three-dimensional bone defects This embodiment is applicable to bone defect repair where it is necessary to maintain vertical bone regeneration space.

[0037] For bone defect areas with insufficient vertical height, the barrier membrane is cut and shaped according to the three-dimensional morphology of the defect, so that the barrier membrane covers the bone repair material and forms a predetermined space.

[0038] During the fixation process, the periosteal tissue on the outer side of the bone defect area that has not been flapped and remains in its natural attachment state is first used as the root anchor point. A root-side cross-fixation structure is formed by horizontal mattress sutures, so that the root edge of the barrier membrane obtains fixation support located on the outer side of the defect.

[0039] Subsequently, fixation was performed on the mesial, distal, and coronal sides to ensure stable support of the barrier membrane in both the horizontal and vertical directions.

[0040] Using the above-described fixation method, this invention can be applied to vertical bone augmentation and repair of complex three-dimensional bone defects.

[0041] Example 4: Barrier Membrane Spatial Stabilization Structure This embodiment provides a barrier membrane space stabilization and fixation structure for implementing the above-described fixation method.

[0042] The fixation structure includes: a coronal fixation structure, a mesial fixation structure, a distal fixation structure, and a root-crossing fixation structure.

[0043] The coronal fixation structure includes a horizontal mattress suture structure and an interrupted suture structure located at the coronal edge of the barrier membrane, which are used to fix the coronal edge of the barrier membrane to the bone surface surrounding the bone defect area.

[0044] The mesial and distal fixation structures are located on the mesial and distal sides of the bone defect area, respectively, including a vertical mattress suture structure for fixing the corresponding edge of the barrier membrane. The fixation points of the vertical mattress suture are located on the radicular periosteum exposed after flap flapping, corresponding to the mesial and distal sides of the bone defect area.

[0045] The radicular fixation structure includes: a radicular periosteal anchoring structure located in the proximal and distal extension areas of the bone defect region; and a horizontal mattress suture structure connecting the two radicular periosteal anchoring structures and spanning the radicular aspect of the bone defect region.

[0046] The radicular periosteal anchoring structure includes periosteal tissue located outside the bone defect area, without flapping and maintaining its natural attachment state, and the radicular periosteal anchoring structure is spatially independent of the exposed periosteal fixation area within the bone defect area.

[0047] The coordination relationships between the aforementioned fixation structures are as follows: the horizontal mattress sutures in the apical cross-fixation structure and the horizontal mattress sutures in the coronal fixation structure are arranged substantially parallel to each other, providing parallel traction constraints at the apical and coronal edges of the barrier membrane, respectively; the vertical mattress sutures in the mesial and distal fixation structures intersect with the aforementioned horizontal mattress sutures, providing traction constraints perpendicular to the direction of the horizontal mattress sutures at the lateral edges of the barrier membrane. These four directional structures work together to form a directional tension fixation system around the barrier membrane, subjecting the barrier membrane edges to constraints in multiple directions and improving the adhesion stability between the barrier membrane and the surrounding bone surface of the bone defect area.

[0048] The radicular periosteal anchoring structure, the horizontal mattress suture structure, and the barrier membrane edge fixation area together constitute the radicular cross-fixation unit. The radicular periosteal anchoring structure provides lateral support to the fixation unit, while the horizontal mattress suture structure connects the two radicular periosteal anchoring structures and applies constraint force to the radicular edge of the barrier membrane.

[0049] It should be noted that, in the specific implementation process, the position and number of each fixation structure can be adjusted according to the morphology of the bone defect, the type of barrier membrane, and the surgical conditions, but all should meet the following requirements: Root anchoring is formed by using the unflapped periosteal tissue located on the outer side of the bone defect area and maintaining its natural attachment state; root anchoring is used to limit the displacement of the root edge of the barrier membrane by Root fixation; and bone regeneration space is maintained by multi-directional fixation in the coronal, mesial, distal, and root directions.

[0050] Furthermore, the barrier membrane, bone repair material, and suture material can be selected from commonly used materials in existing guided bone tissue regeneration techniques according to clinical needs, as long as they can achieve the fixation method and fixation structure of the present invention. Their specific types do not constitute a limitation on the present invention.

[0051] In this invention, "no flap" means that when exposing the bone defect area, the periosteum in the apical extension fixation area is not cut or peeled, maintaining its natural continuous attachment to the underlying bone tissue; "natural attachment state" means that the periosteum and the underlying bone tissue have not been surgically separated and maintain their original anatomical connection; "arch curvature direction" refers to the direction along the natural arc of the patient's dental arch, that is, along the arc of the alveolar ridge; "apical anchor point" refers to the specific point on the periosteum located on the outer side of the bone defect area, without flap flap and maintaining its natural attachment state, used to connect with sutures and achieve barrier membrane fixation.

[0052] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the essence of the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for fixing a barrier membrane and maintaining bone regeneration space during oral bone tissue regeneration surgery, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Based on the patient's dental arch morphology, the extent of bone defects and the available periosteal area, determine the root-side extension and fixation area extending mesially and distally to the outside of the bone defect area, and select periosteal tissue that has not been flapped and maintains its natural attachment state within the root-side extension and fixation area as the mesial and distal root-side anchor points, respectively. (2) Using the mesial radicular anchor point and the distal radicular anchor point, a horizontal mattress suture method is adopted to make the suture line cross the radicular area of ​​the bone defect area along the direction of the dental arch curvature, and fix the radicular edge of the barrier membrane so that the radicular edge of the barrier membrane is attached to the radicular bone surface of the bone defect area. (3) Vertical mattress sutures are used to fix the proximal and distal edges of the barrier membrane on the mesial and distal sides of the bone defect area, respectively, so that the corresponding side edges of the barrier membrane are attached to the lateral bone surface of the bone defect area. (4) In the coronal region of the bone defect area, horizontal mattress sutures and interrupted sutures are used to fix the coronal edge of the barrier membrane so that the coronal edge of the barrier membrane is attached to the bone surface around the bone defect area; (5) By using root-side fixation, mesial fixation, distal fixation and coronal fixation, a stable fit structure is formed around the edges of the barrier membrane, thereby maintaining the spatial stability of the barrier membrane after covering the bone repair material.

2. A barrier membrane spatial stabilization fixing structure for implementing the barrier membrane fixing method of claim 1, characterized in that, include: The root-side fixation structure, the mesial fixation structure, the distal fixation structure, and the coronal fixation structure are designed in conjunction with the barrier membrane; in: The root-square cross-fixation structure includes a root-square periosteal anchoring structure disposed in the proximal extension area and the distal extension area of ​​the bone defect region, and a horizontal mattress suture structure connecting the two root-square periosteal anchoring structures and crossing the root of the bone defect region. The root-square periosteal anchoring structure includes periosteal tissue located on the outer side of the bone defect area, without flapping and maintaining its natural attachment state; The mesial fixation structure and distal fixation structure are used to fix the corresponding edge of the barrier membrane to the lateral bone surface of the bone defect area through vertical mattress sutures. The coronal fixation structure is used to fix the coronal edge of the barrier membrane to the bone surface surrounding the bone defect area through horizontal mattress sutures and interrupted sutures. The aforementioned fixation structure enables the barrier membrane to be directionally fixed at its edges and adhere to the bone surface surrounding the bone defect area, thereby maintaining the stability of the bone regeneration space.

3. The barrier membrane fixation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The root-square extension fixation area is determined based on the patient's dental arch morphology, the extent of bone defect, and the available periosteum area. It extends towards the mesial and distal directions of the defect area, and the extension distance is determined based on the extent of bone defect, preferably not less than half the width of a tooth position.

4. The barrier membrane fixation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The root anchor point includes periosteal tissue located outside the bone defect area, which has not undergone periosteal stripping and maintains its natural attachment state. The periosteal tissue maintains a continuous attachment relationship with the underlying bone tissue and is located in the mesial and distal regions outside the bone defect area.

5. The barrier membrane fixation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The suture path of the root-square horizontal mattress suture is set along the curvature of the patient's dental arch, so that the traction generated during the tightening of the suture is mainly used to fix the root-square edge of the barrier membrane, and the root-square anchor point set on the outside of the bone defect area restricts the movement of the barrier membrane edge towards the defect center, so as to maintain the spatial stability of the barrier membrane coverage area.

6. The barrier membrane fixation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coronal fixation employs a combination of horizontal mattress sutures and interrupted sutures, where horizontal mattress sutures provide continuous fixation tension, and interrupted sutures enhance the adhesion stability between the coronal edge of the barrier membrane and the bone surface.

7. The barrier membrane fixing method according to claim 1 or the barrier membrane spatially stable fixing structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The barrier membrane includes one or more of absorbable collagen barrier membranes, biodegradable barrier membranes, or non-absorbable barrier membranes; The bone repair material includes one or more combinations of autologous bone, allogeneic bone, xenogeneic bone, and synthetic bone materials.

8. The barrier membrane fixation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixation points used for the mesial and distal vertical mattress sutures are located on the radicular periosteal tissue exposed after flap flapping, corresponding to the mesial and distal sides of the bone defect area. These fixation points are anatomically independent of the radicular anchor points in the unflapped area used for the radicular horizontal mattress sutures.

9. The barrier membrane spatial stabilization and fixing structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The horizontal mattress sutures in the root-side cross-fixation structure are arranged substantially parallel to the horizontal mattress sutures in the coronal-side fixation structure; the vertical mattress sutures in the mesial and distal fixation structures are respectively arranged to intersect with the horizontal mattress sutures, thereby forming a directional tension fixation structure around the barrier membrane.

10. The barrier membrane fixing method according to claim 1 or the barrier membrane spatially stable fixing structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fixation method or fixation structure is used to guide one or more of the following: bone tissue regeneration, vertical bone augmentation, horizontal bone augmentation, combined horizontal and vertical bone augmentation, and complex three-dimensional bone defect repair.

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