An air dust removal device for a coal mine underground roadway

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of roadway dust removal, and particularly relates to an underground coal mine roadway air dust removal device, which comprises a dust removal tank, the dust removal tank is arranged in a hollow mode, a collecting hopper is coaxially and fixedly connected to the bottom end of the dust removal tank, a gas storage tank is fixedly connected to the outer circumferential wall of the dust removal tank, a second partition plate is coaxially and fixedly connected to the upper side of the inner circumferential wall of the dust removal tank, and a first partition plate is fixedly connected to the inner circumferential wall of the dust removal tank; the dust removal device is provided with a detection filter plate and a dust detection unit in an air inlet distribution cavity, the clogging effect of the detection filter plate under high dust conditions is utilized to balance the air pressure on both sides of a push plate, a push spring is reset to trigger a three-way valve to switch, airflow is automatically guided to a cyclone separator for low-resistance coarse filtration when the dust is low, and the airflow is automatically switched to a filter cartridge for high-efficiency filtration when the dust is high, so that the pre-position mechanical type discrimination of dust concentration and the self-adaptive switching of an air path are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel dust removal technology, specifically referring to an air dust removal device for underground coal mine tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] Coal mine underground roadways generate a large amount of dust during tunneling, coal mining, and transportation operations. This not only endangers the respiratory health of workers but also poses a significant safety hazard of coal dust explosions. Therefore, roadway air dust removal is a crucial aspect of safe coal mine production.

[0003] Existing dust removal devices for mining mainly use filter cartridges or bags as filter elements, which have the advantage of high dust removal efficiency. However, under high dust concentration conditions, the filter elements are prone to clogging, requiring frequent cleaning or replacement, which increases maintenance costs and downtime.

[0004] In terms of operating condition identification, most existing dust removal devices rely on electronic dust concentration sensors to detect dust concentration and then control the switching of filtration modes. However, the environment in coal mines is characterized by high humidity, high dust concentration, and the presence of flammable and explosive gases such as methane. In such harsh environments, electronic sensors are prone to problems such as zero drift, window contamination, and decreased sensitivity, leading to inaccurate detection or even failure, which affects the normal operation of the dust removal device.

[0005] Regarding cleaning methods, existing dry filtration devices typically require a continuous external high-pressure air source or employ mechanical rapping for cleaning. An external air source increases system complexity and energy consumption, while mechanical rapping can easily damage the filter media and shorten the filter cartridge's lifespan. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the above-mentioned issues and overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an air dust removal device for underground coal mine roadways. This application utilizes the difference in blockage and unobstructed flow of the detection filter plate under high and low dust conditions, and, in conjunction with a push plate and trigger switch, converts this into a mechanical displacement signal to control a three-way valve to switch the air path. This solves the technical problem of electronic dust sensors easily failing underground in existing technologies. When dust levels are low, the airflow enters a cyclone separator for low-resistance coarse filtration, while when dust levels are high, it automatically switches to high-efficiency filtration in the filter cartridge. This solves the technical problem that a single filtration mode cannot simultaneously balance efficiency and resistance. When the pressure difference due to dust accumulation in the filter cartridge increases, it is axially compressed, triggering the pulse nozzle to open. High-pressure gas from the storage tank is used for backflushing and dust removal, solving the technical problem that dust removal requires an external air source or manual disassembly. Simultaneously, the pulse dust removal process involves reverse impact on the detection filter plate to remove blockages, solving the technical problem that the detection element cannot self-recover after being blocked by dust.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The present invention proposes an air dust removal device for underground coal mine roadways, comprising a dust removal tank, the dust removal tank being hollow, a collection hopper being coaxially fixedly connected to the bottom end of the dust removal tank, an air storage tank being fixedly connected to the outer circumferential wall of the dust removal tank, a second partition plate being coaxially fixedly connected to the upper side of the inner circumferential wall of the dust removal tank, a first partition plate being fixedly connected to the inner circumferential wall of the dust removal tank, the top wall of the first partition plate being fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the second partition plate, and the top wall of the second partition plate and the inner top wall of the dust removal tank being... An air inlet partition plate is fixedly connected. The first partition plate and the second partition plate divide the hollow part of the dust collector into a first cavity and a second cavity. A filter cartridge is provided in the first cavity, and a cyclone separator is provided in the second cavity. A detection tube is fixedly connected to one side wall of the air inlet partition plate. The detection tube is hollow. A detection filter plate is fixedly connected to one side of the inner circumferential wall of the detection tube. A guide sleeve is fixedly connected to the other side of the inner circumferential wall of the detection tube. The guide sleeve is hollow and a dust concentration detection unit 53 is provided inside the guide sleeve.

[0008] Preferably, a dust removal chamber is formed between the side wall of the air inlet partition plate, the top wall of the second partition plate, the inner top wall of the dust removal tank, and the inner circumferential wall of the dust removal tank. An air inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the outer circumferential wall of the dust removal tank, and the air inlet pipe is connected to the dust removal chamber. A second one-way valve is coaxially fixedly connected to the air inlet pipe, and the second one-way valve is fixedly connected to the output end of an external induced draft fan. A three-way valve is fixedly connected to one side of the top wall of the second partition plate. The input end of the three-way valve is connected to the dust removal chamber through a pipe, and the output end of the three-way valve is connected to the input ends of the first chamber and the cyclone separator, respectively. The input end of the three-way valve is selectively connected to one of its two output ends.

[0009] Preferably, the detection tube is connected to the dust removal chamber, and the air in the dust removal chamber enters the detection tube through the detection filter plate. The dust concentration detection unit includes a push plate that is axially and slidably connected to the inner circumferential wall of the guide sleeve, a switch valve that is coaxially and fixedly connected to one end of the guide sleeve, and an exhaust pipe that is connected to the hollow part of the guide sleeve. The other end of the exhaust pipe passes through the guide sleeve, the detection tube, and the dust removal tank. A push spring is fixedly connected to the side wall of the push plate and the side wall of the switch valve.

[0010] Preferably, a trigger switch is slidably connected to the inner circumferential wall of the detection tube, and a reset spring is fixedly connected to one side of the inner circumferential wall of the detection tube on the side wall of the trigger switch. The trigger switch is electrically connected to the three-way valve.

[0011] Preferably, the first cavity is provided with a support tube, which is hollow with an open top. The outer circumferential wall of the support tube is fixedly connected to the inner circumferential wall of the dust collector. The filter cylinder is hollow with an open bottom. The bottom opening of the filter cylinder is coaxially and fixedly connected to the top opening of the support tube. The circumferential wall of the filter cylinder is corrugated. A tension spring is symmetrically fixedly connected to the top wall of the filter cylinder. The other end of the tension spring is fixedly connected to the top wall of the second partition plate.

[0012] Preferably, a backflush shell is coaxially fixedly connected to the top wall of the filter cartridge. The backflush shell is hollow and its hollow part is fixedly connected to the output end of the gas storage tank through a gas pipe. An electromagnetic pulse nozzle is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the backflush shell in a ring array.

[0013] Preferably, a detection switch is coaxially fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the inner wall of the support tube. The detection switch is located on the moving path of the recoil shell and is electrically connected to the electromagnetic pulse nozzle and the switching valve.

[0014] Preferably, a pressure relief valve and a first one-way valve are fixedly connected on the outer circumferential wall of the gas storage tank, and the first one-way valve is connected to the hollow part of the support pipe through a pipeline.

[0015] Preferably, the bottom end of the collecting hopper is coaxially and fixedly connected to an ash discharge valve, and the collecting hopper is divided into a first collecting chamber and a second collecting chamber. The first collecting chamber is connected to the first cavity body, and the second collecting chamber is connected to the ash discharge end of the cyclone separator.

[0016] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention using the above structure are as follows: 1. A detection filter plate and a dust detection unit are installed in the air intake distribution chamber. The blockage effect of the detection filter plate under high dust conditions makes the air pressure on both sides of the push plate tend to be balanced, which pushes the spring to reset and triggers the three-way valve to switch. When the dust is low, the airflow is automatically guided to the cyclone separator for low-resistance coarse filtration. When the dust is high, it automatically switches to the filter cartridge for high-efficiency filtration, realizing the pre-mechanical judgment of dust concentration and the adaptive switching of the air path. 2. The circumferential wall of the filter cartridge is corrugated and pleated, which can be axially compressed under the action of filtration pressure difference, stretching the spring. When the filter cartridge is compressed to the limit position, the backflush shell touches the detection switch, triggering the electromagnetic pulse nozzle and the switching valve to open synchronously. 3. The high-pressure gas in the gas storage tank is injected into the filter cartridge in reverse through the electromagnetic pulse nozzle to shake off the surface dust. On the other hand, it enters the guide sleeve through the switch valve and impacts the detection filter plate in reverse to remove the blockage on its surface. One pulse action completes the cleaning of the filter cartridge and the self-cleaning of the detection filter plate at the same time, forming a complete two-way cleaning closed loop. 4. The filtered clean air continuously enters the air storage tank through the first one-way valve. Because the tank volume is fixed, it is gradually compressed and pressurized. There is no need for an external high-pressure air source to continuously supply air. The energy storage for dust removal is completed by using the filtered airflow. 5. The collection hopper is divided into a first collection chamber and a second collection chamber, which correspond to the dust falling from the filter cartridge and the dust discharge from the cyclone separator, respectively. The bottom ash discharge valve automatically opens to discharge ash when the accumulated dust weight reaches the set threshold and automatically closes after emptying, ensuring the airtightness of the device and realizing unattended automatic sewage discharge. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings are provided to further understand the present invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an air dust removal device for underground coal mine roadways proposed in this invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of an air dust removal device for underground coal mine roadways proposed in this invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of an air dust removal device for underground coal mine roadways proposed in this invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the inspection pipe connection structure of an air dust removal device for underground coal mine roadways proposed in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the filter cylinder connection structure of an air dust removal device for underground coal mine roadways proposed in this invention.

[0019] In the attached diagram: 1. Dust collector, 2. Air storage tank, 4. Collection hopper, 5. Detection pipe, 6. Three-way valve, 7. First partition plate, 8. Inlet partition plate, 9. Second partition plate, 11. First cavity, 12. Second cavity, 13. Filter cartridge, 14. Cyclone separator, 15. Inlet pipe, 151. Second one-way valve, 21. Pressure relief valve, 22. First one-way valve, 51. Detection filter plate, 52. Guide sleeve, 53. Dust concentration detection unit, 54. Push plate, 55. Switch valve, 56. Push spring, 57. Exhaust pipe, 58. Trigger switch, 59. Reset spring, 131. Support pipe, 132. Detection switch, 134. Backflush shell, 135. Pull spring, 1341. Electromagnetic pulse nozzle, 41. Ash discharge valve, 43. First collection cavity, 44. Second collection cavity.

[0020] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1, as Figures 1-5 As shown, this solution proposes an air dust removal device for underground coal mine roadways, comprising a dust collection tank 1, which is hollow. A collection hopper 4 is coaxially fixedly connected to the bottom of the dust collection tank 1. An air storage tank 2, a sealed pressure-resistant container, is fixedly connected to the outer circumferential wall of the dust collection tank 1. A second partition plate 9 is coaxially fixedly connected to the upper side of the inner circumferential wall of the dust collection tank 1. A first partition plate 7 is fixedly connected to the inner circumferential wall of the dust collection tank 1. The top wall of the first partition plate 7 is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the second partition plate 9. An air inlet partition plate 8 is fixedly connected to the top wall of the second partition plate 9 and the inner top wall of the dust collection tank 1. The first partition plate 7 and the second partition plate 9 divide the hollow part of the dust collection tank 1. The system is divided into a first cavity 11 and a second cavity 12. The first cavity 11 contains a filter cylinder 13, and the second cavity 12 contains a cyclone separator 14. The ash discharge end of the cyclone separator 14 is connected to the collection hopper 4, and the exhaust end is connected to the external atmosphere. A detection tube 5 is fixedly connected to one side wall of the air inlet partition plate 8. The detection tube 5 is hollow. A detection filter plate 51 is coaxially fixedly connected to one side of the inner circumferential wall of the detection tube 5, and a guide sleeve 52 is coaxially fixedly connected to the other side of the inner circumferential wall of the detection tube 5. The guide sleeve 52 is hollow and contains a dust concentration detection unit 53, which is used to determine the dust concentration.

[0023] like Figures 1-3 As shown, a dust removal chamber is formed between the side wall of the air inlet partition plate 8, the top wall of the second partition plate 9, the inner top wall of the dust removal tank 1, and the inner circumferential wall of the dust removal tank 1. An air inlet pipe 15 is fixedly connected to the outer circumferential wall of the dust removal tank 1. The air inlet pipe 15 is connected to the dust removal chamber. A second one-way valve 151 is coaxially fixedly connected to the air inlet pipe 15. The second one-way valve 151 is fixedly connected to the output end of the external induced draft fan. The flow direction of the second one-way valve 151 is from the output end of the external induced draft fan to the dust removal chamber. A three-way valve 6 is fixedly connected to one side of the top wall of the second partition plate 9. One input end of the three-way valve 6 is connected to the dust removal chamber through a pipe. The other output end of the three-way valve 6 is connected to the input ends of the first cavity 11 and the cyclone separator 14 respectively. The input end of the three-way valve 6 is selectively connected to one of its two output ends.

[0024] like Figures 1-4As shown, the detection tube 5 is connected to the dust removal chamber. Air in the dust removal chamber enters the detection tube 5 through the detection filter plate 51. The dust concentration detection unit 53 includes a push plate 54 that is axially and slidably connected to the inner circumferential wall of the guide sleeve 52, a switch valve 55 that is coaxially and fixedly connected to one end of the guide sleeve 52, and an exhaust pipe 57 that is connected to the hollow part of the guide sleeve 52. The other end of the exhaust pipe 57 passes through the guide sleeve 52, the detection tube 5, and the dust removal tank 1. A push spring 56 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the push plate 54 and the side wall of the switch valve 55. In the initial state, the push spring 56 drives the circumferential wall of the push plate 54 to block the exhaust pipe 57. The input end of the switch valve 55 is fixedly connected to the output end of the air storage tank 2 through an air pipe. A trigger switch 58 is slidably connected to the inner circumferential wall of the detection tube 5. A return spring 59 is fixedly connected to one side of the inner circumferential wall of the detection tube 5. The trigger switch 58 is electrically connected to the three-way valve 6. In its initial state, the return spring 59 drives the trigger switch 58 to contact the push plate 54. After the airflow in the dust removal chamber is filtered by the detection filter plate 51, it drives the push plate 54 to approach the switch valve 55, compressing the push spring 56. The push plate 54 stops blocking the exhaust pipe 57, and the filtered air is discharged through the exhaust pipe 57. The trigger switch 58 then stops. When the push plate 54 is in contact, it is determined that the current dust state is low. One of the output terminals of the three-way valve 6 is connected to the input terminal of the cyclone separator 14. When the dust concentration in the dust removal chamber is high, the dust blocks the detection filter plate 51, and the airflow cannot enter the detection tube 5. The push spring 56 is reset, and the push spring 56 drives the push plate 54 to reset. The push plate 54 is in contact with the trigger switch 58. When it is determined that the current dust state is high, one of the output terminals of the three-way valve 6 stops being connected to the cyclone separator 14, and the other output terminal of the three-way valve 6 is connected to the filter cartridge 13.

[0025] like Figures 1-3 and Figure 5As shown, the first cavity 11 is provided with a support tube 131, which is hollow with an open top. The outer circumferential wall of the support tube 131 is fixedly connected to the inner circumferential wall of the dust collector 1. The filter cylinder 13 is hollow with an open bottom. The bottom opening of the filter cylinder 13 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the top opening of the support tube 131. The circumferential wall of the filter cylinder 13 is corrugated to allow it to expand and contract under axial force. A tension spring 135 is symmetrically fixedly connected to the top wall of the filter cylinder 13. The other end of the pull spring 135 is fixedly connected to the top wall of the second partition plate 9. In the initial state, the pull spring 135 pulls the top wall of the filter cylinder 13 close to the second partition plate 9. When dusty air enters the first cavity 11, the dusty airflow passes through the filter cylinder 13 from the outside to the inside, and a pressure difference is generated inside and outside the filter cylinder 13. This pressure difference generates a downward force on the top of the filter cylinder 13. The greater the pressure difference, the greater the force. The filter cylinder 13 begins to shorten downward, the pleats are compressed, the overall length of the filter cylinder 13 becomes shorter, and the pull spring 135 is stretched. The filter cartridge 13 has a backflush shell 134 coaxially fixedly connected to the top wall of the inner wall. The backflush shell 134 is hollow. The hollow part of the backflush shell 134 is fixedly connected to the output end of the gas storage tank 2 through a gas pipe. The bottom wall of the backflush shell 134 is fixedly connected to an electromagnetic pulse nozzle 1341 in a ring array. A detection switch 132 is coaxially fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the inner side of the support tube 131. The detection switch 132 is located on the moving path of the recoil shell 134. The detection switch 132 is electrically connected to the electromagnetic pulse nozzle 1341 and the switching valve 55. When the detection switch 132 contacts the bottom wall of the recoil shell 134, the electromagnetic pulse nozzle 1341 and the switching valve 55 are opened, and the air in the air storage tank 2 is sprayed out into the filter cartridge 13 through the electromagnetic pulse nozzle 1341, and the internal and external air pressures of the filter cartridge 13 tend to be balanced. When the spring 135 is pulled back to its original position, the filter cartridge 13 expands and resets with the help of air pressure and the spring 135. When the filter cartridge 13 resets, the dust blocking the outer circumferential wall of the filter cartridge 13 falls off. The gas in the air tank 2 enters the hollow part of the guide sleeve 52 through the switch valve 55, which drives the push plate 54 to approach the detection filter plate 51. The push plate 54 stops contacting the guide sleeve 52, and the airflow enters the detection tube 5, impacting the detection filter plate 51 in the opposite direction and clearing the dust blocking the detection filter plate 51.

[0026] like Figures 1-3As shown, a pressure relief valve 21 and a first one-way valve 22 are fixedly connected on the outer circumferential wall of the gas storage tank 2. The first one-way valve 22 is connected to the hollow part of the support pipe 131 through a pipe. The gas filtered by the filter cartridge 13 enters the gas storage tank 2. Due to the continuous intake of gas and the fixed volume of the tank, the gas is compressed, the pressure increases, and the air is compressed. When the gas pressure in the gas storage tank 2 reaches the set value of the pressure relief valve 21, the pressure relief valve 21 opens to discharge excess air. The flow direction of the first one-way valve 22 is from the support pipe 131 to the gas storage tank 2.

[0027] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the bottom end of the collecting hopper 4 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the ash discharge valve 41. The collecting hopper 4 is divided into a first collecting chamber 43 and a second collecting chamber 44. The first collecting chamber 43 is connected to the first chamber 11, and the second collecting chamber 44 is connected to the ash discharge end of the cyclone separator 14. When the weight of the dust in the collecting hopper 4 reaches the threshold of the ash discharge valve 41, the ash discharge valve 41 opens and discharges the dust.

[0028] In practical use, the output end of the external induced draft fan is first connected to the second one-way valve 151. The external induced draft fan draws air from the underground roadway of the coal mine into the air inlet pipe 15. The air enters the dust removal chamber and passes through the detection filter plate 51 into the detection pipe 5. When the air is in a low dust state, the filtered air drives the push plate 54 to approach the switch valve 55, compressing the push spring 56. The push plate 54 stops blocking the exhaust pipe 57, and the air is discharged through the exhaust pipe 57. The trigger switch 58 stops contacting the push plate 54. One of the output ends of the three-way valve 6 is connected to the input end of the cyclone separator 14. The low dust air is separated by the cyclone separator 14, and the dust enters the second collection chamber 44. The cleaned air is discharged to the atmosphere. When the air is in a high dust state, the dust blocks the detection filter plate 51, and the airflow cannot enter the detection tube 5. The air pressure on both sides of the push plate 54 tends to be balanced, the push spring 56 is reset, the push spring 56 drives the push plate 54 to reset, the push plate 54 is set to contact the trigger switch 58, one of the output ends of the three-way valve 6 is stopped from being connected to the cyclone separator 14, and the other output end of the three-way valve 6 is connected to the filter cartridge 13. The gas enters the first chamber 11 through the three-way valve 6. When dusty air enters the first chamber 11, the dusty gas passes through the filter cylinder 13 from the outside to the inside, creating a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the filter cylinder 13. This pressure difference exerts a downward force on the top of the filter cylinder 13. The greater the pressure difference, the greater the force, and the filter cylinder 13 begins to shorten downward. The pleats are compressed, and the overall length of the filter cylinder 13 becomes shorter, stretching the spring 135. The air filtered by the filter cylinder 13 enters the support pipe 131 and passes through the first one-way valve 22 into the air storage tank 2, where it is compressed. When the air pressure in the air storage tank 2 reaches the set value of the pressure relief valve 21, the pressure relief valve 21 opens, releasing excess air. When the detection switch 132 contacts the bottom wall of the recoil shell 134, the electromagnetic pulse nozzle 1341 and the switch valve 55 are opened. The air in the air tank 2 is sprayed out into the filter cartridge 13 through the electromagnetic pulse nozzle 1341. The internal and external air pressure of the filter cartridge 13 tends to be balanced, and the pull spring 135 is reset. With the assistance of the air pressure and the pull spring 135, the filter cartridge 13 expands and resets. When the filter cartridge 13 resets, the dust that is blocked on the outer circumferential wall of the filter cartridge 13 falls off and enters the first collection chamber 43. When the switch valve 55 is opened, the gas in the gas tank 2 enters the hollow part of the guide sleeve 52 through the switch valve 55, which drives the push plate 54 to approach the detection filter plate 51, stretches the push spring 56, and stops the push plate 54 from contacting the guide sleeve 52. The push plate 54 drives the trigger switch 58 to approach the detection filter plate 51, compresses the reset spring 59, and the airflow enters the detection tube 5, impacting the detection filter plate 51 in the opposite direction and clearing the dust clogging the detection filter plate 51. When the bottom wall of the recoil housing 134 stops contacting the detection switch 132, the electromagnetic pulse nozzle 1341 and the switching valve 55 are closed, and the outside air stops entering the filter cartridge 13. The filter cartridge 13 continues to filter dust, the reset spring 59 and the push spring 56 are reset, the push spring 56 drives the push plate 54 to continue to block the exhaust pipe 57, and the reset spring 59 drives the trigger switch 58 to contact the push plate 54. When the weight of dust in the collection hopper 4 reaches the threshold of the ash discharge valve 41, the ash discharge valve 41 opens and discharges the dust.

[0029] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dust removal device for underground coal mine roadways, comprising a dust collector (1), wherein the dust collector (1) is hollow, characterized in that: The dust collector (1) is coaxially fixedly connected to a collection hopper (4) at its bottom end. The dust collector (1) is fixedly connected to an air storage tank (2) on its outer circumferential wall. The dust collector (1) is coaxially fixedly connected to a second partition plate (9) on its upper side. The dust collector (1) is fixedly connected to a first partition plate (7) on its inner circumferential wall. The top wall of the first partition plate (7) is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the second partition plate (9). An air inlet partition plate (8) is fixedly connected to the top wall of the second partition plate (9) and the top wall of the dust collector (1). The first partition plate (7) and the second partition plate (9) divide the hollow part of the dust collector (1) into a first cavity (11) and a second cavity (12). The first cavity (11) is provided with a filter cylinder (13), and the second cavity (12) is provided with a cyclone separator (14). A detection tube (5) is fixedly connected to one side wall of the air inlet partition plate (8). The detection tube (5) is hollow. A detection filter plate (51) is coaxially fixedly connected to one side of the inner circumferential wall of the detection tube (5), and a guide sleeve (52) is coaxially fixedly connected to the other side of the inner circumferential wall of the detection tube (5). The guide sleeve (52) is hollow and a dust concentration detection unit (53) is provided inside the guide sleeve (52). The dust concentration detection unit (53) is used to determine the concentration of dust.

2. The air dust removal device for underground coal mine roadways according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side wall of the air intake partition plate (8), the top wall of the second partition plate (9), the inner top wall of the dust collector (1), and the inner circumferential wall of the dust collector (1) form a dust removal chamber. A three-way valve (6) is fixedly connected to one side of the top wall of the second partition plate (9). The input end of the three-way valve (6) is connected to the dust removal chamber through a pipe. The output end of the three-way valve (6) is connected to the input end of the first cavity (11) and the cyclone separator (14) respectively.

3. The air dust removal device for underground coal mine roadways according to claim 2, characterized in that: The detection tube (5) is connected to the dust removal chamber. The dust concentration detection unit (53) includes a push plate (54) that is axially and slidably connected to the inner circumferential wall of the guide sleeve (52), a switch valve (55) that is coaxially and fixedly connected to one end of the guide sleeve (52), and an exhaust pipe (57) that is connected to the hollow part of the guide sleeve (52). The push plate (54) blocks the exhaust pipe (57) in the initial state. The input end of the switch valve (55) is fixedly connected to the output end of the gas storage tank (2) through a gas pipe.

4. The air dust removal device for underground coal mine roadways according to claim 3, characterized in that: A trigger switch (58) is slidably connected to the inner circumferential wall of the detection tube (5). The trigger switch (58) is electrically connected to the three-way valve (6). In the initial state, the trigger switch (58) is in contact with the push plate (54). The filtered air drives the push plate (54) to approach the switch valve (55). The trigger switch (58) stops contacting the push plate (54) and determines that the current state is low dust. When the dust concentration in the dust removal chamber is high, the dust blocks the detection filter plate (51). The push plate (54) resets and contacts the trigger switch (58) and determines that the current state is high dust.

5. The air dust removal device for underground coal mine roadways according to claim 4, characterized in that: A support tube (131) is fixedly installed inside the first cavity (11). The filter cylinder (13) is fixedly connected to the support tube (131). The circumferential wall of the filter cylinder (13) is corrugated so that it can expand and contract under the action of axial force. In the initial state, the top wall of the filter cylinder (13) is close to the second partition plate (9). When dusty air enters the first cavity (11), a pressure difference is generated inside and outside the filter cylinder (13). A downward force is generated at the top of the filter cylinder (13), and the filter cylinder (13) begins to shorten downward. The overall length of the filter cylinder (13) becomes shorter.

6. The air dust removal device for underground coal mine roadways according to claim 5, characterized in that: The filter cartridge (13) is coaxially fixedly connected to the top wall of the filter cartridge (13). The backflush shell (134) is fixedly connected to the output end of the gas storage tank (2) through a gas pipe. The bottom wall of the backflush shell (134) is fixedly connected to an electromagnetic pulse nozzle (1341) in a ring array.

7. The air dust removal device for underground coal mine roadways according to claim 6, characterized in that: A detection switch (132) is coaxially fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the inner support tube (131). The detection switch (132) is located on the moving path of the recoil shell (134). The detection switch (132) is electrically connected to the electromagnetic pulse nozzle (1341) and the switching valve (55). When the detection switch (132) contacts the bottom wall of the recoil shell (134), the electromagnetic pulse nozzle (1341) and the switching valve (55) are opened, and the dust blocking the outer circumferential wall of the filter cylinder (13) falls off. The airflow enters the detection tube (5) and removes the dust blocking the detection filter plate (51).

8. The air dust removal device for underground coal mine roadways according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bottom end of the collecting hopper (4) is coaxially and fixedly connected to the ash discharge valve (41). The collecting hopper (4) is divided into a first collecting chamber (43) and a second collecting chamber (44). The first collecting chamber (43) is connected to the first cavity (11), and the second collecting chamber (44) is connected to the ash discharge end of the cyclone separator (14).

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