A pulverized coal and slag cleaning device for a coking furnace coal feed port

Abstract

The application discloses a pulverized coal and cinder cleaning device for a coke oven coal feeding port, belonging to the technical field of separation and cleaning, and comprises a cooling unit, an adjusting unit and a collecting unit. The cooling unit is arranged at the top end of the coke oven in a vertical direction in communication, is used for making hot air in the coke oven naturally rise by relying on self gravity difference, and realizes temperature reduction in the rising process. The adjusting unit is arranged at the side of the cooling unit, adjusts the taper of the inner cavity of the cooling unit according to the concentration of the pulverized coal and cinder in the cooling unit, and the collecting unit is arranged at the top end of the cooling unit in communication. After the hot air and the pulverized coal and cinder in the coke oven are cooled in the cooling unit, gas-solid separation and pulverized coal and cinder collection are realized by the collecting unit. The application makes high-temperature hot air accelerate rising by relying on self gravity difference and realize temperature reduction, does not need to continuously pass in cooling water for cooling, saves a complex system such as water supply, circulation and temperature control, effectively avoids the safety hidden danger caused by the cooling system failure, and is more suitable for the actual use requirement of the coke oven.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of separation and cleaning technology, specifically relating to a coal powder and slag cleaning device for the coal feed port of a coking furnace. Background Technology

[0002] Modern coking ovens are mainly used to produce metallurgical coke. They consist primarily of a furnace top, combustion chamber, carbonization chamber, inclined chute zone, and regenerator. The coal feed port is a crucial structure for coal charging in coking ovens. When the charging port is opened, heat waves surge outwards, carrying coal dust and slag into the atmosphere, resulting in both raw material waste and environmental pollution.

[0003] Existing methods for cleaning pulverized coal and slag mostly employ baghouse dust collectors, which remove dust through filtration. However, this approach suffers from high equipment investment and operating costs, making it difficult to meet actual production needs. Additionally, the market offers specialized cleaning devices for coke oven feed inlets. For example, Chinese patent CN113477007B discloses a pulverized coal and slag cleaning device and its usage method for coke oven coal feed inlets, including the following steps: S1. Fix the square cylinder to the designated position so that the hot air in the furnace can enter the interior of the square cylinder after the coal feed port is opened; S2. Cooling water is introduced into the passageway through the inlet pipe and then led out through the drain pipe, and the cooling water is continuously poured into the passageway. S3. Open the shielding door of the coal feeding port and feed coal into the coking furnace through the coal feeding port. At this time, the coal powder or small coal slag in the coal block will enter the channel at the top of the receiving inclined plate 1 and receiving inclined plate 2 along with the hot air gushing out of the coal feeding port. During this process, the cooling water will absorb the heat of the dust-containing hot air. At the same time, some of the dust will fall onto the receiving inclined plate 1 and receiving inclined plate 2, and the other part will be blocked by the dust removal net to prevent it from entering the atmosphere, thus cleaning the coal powder and coal slag. S4. After the coal feed port is closed, turn on the second geared motor to drive the reciprocating screw to rotate. Use the nut seat to drive the first dust removal brush to reciprocate on the dust removal screen, brushing away the dust and other impurities adhering to the bottom surface of the dust removal screen. Some of the falling dust and other impurities will fall directly onto the first and second receiving inclined plates, while the other part will be indirectly guided onto the first and second receiving inclined plates after being guided by the first and second receiving inclined plates. This achieves effective collection of dust and other impurities. As the output shaft of the second geared motor rotates, the impact block will be lifted to a high position by the connecting column, and then fall down under its own gravity and hit the bearing plate to form vibration. This drives the dust falling on the first and second receiving inclined plates to gradually slide down, causing it to accumulate at the end of the first and second receiving inclined plates near the sealing plate. S5. Start the hydraulic cylinder and open the sealing plate to allow the dust on receiving inclined plate one and receiving inclined plate two to be discharged through the discharge port. After completion, close the sealing plate again. S6. Start the first geared motor to drive the connecting plate to rotate. Use the scraper on it to remove the impurities adhering to the lower surface of the rainproof plate. The scraped impurities will fall into the storage cavity and slide along the bending plate until they leave the storage cavity.

[0004] In the aforementioned prior art, the cooling treatment of dust-laden hot gas and pulverized coal slag generated in a coking furnace requires the method described in step S2 above, which involves continuously injecting cooling water into the passageway. The cooling water absorbs the heat through heat exchange with the dust-laden hot gas, and simultaneously, the equipment's own dust and hot gas separation function is used to ultimately achieve the clean collection of pulverized coal slag. However, this method of continuously introducing cooling water into the passageway to cool the dust-laden hot gas has at least the following drawbacks in actual coking furnace production: 1. This process requires a large amount of cooling water to be consumed continuously, and special water supply, circulation, and temperature control devices are needed to maintain the long-term cooling effect of the equipment. The system structure is complex, the equipment investment is large, and the long-term operating cost is high. 2. If the cooling water supply is interrupted or the water pump fails, the cooling function will immediately fail, and the high-temperature flue gas will directly impact the subsequent structures, posing a safety hazard.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention is proposed to solve the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems of existing technologies that rely on continuously circulating cooling water into the passageway to cool dust-laden hot air, which consumes large amounts of cooling water and requires dedicated water supply, circulation, and temperature control systems to maintain long-term cooling effectiveness, resulting in complex systems, high investment costs, and long-term operating costs, this invention provides a coal powder and slag cleaning device for coking furnace coal feeders. By incorporating a cooling unit, an adjustment unit, and a collection unit, the device allows high-temperature hot air to rise and cool due to gravity, eliminating the need for continuous cooling water supply. This eliminates the need for complex systems such as water supply, circulation, and temperature control, reducing equipment investment and operating costs. Furthermore, it effectively avoids safety hazards caused by cooling system failures. The device features a simple structure, stable operation, convenient maintenance, and greater adaptability, better meeting the actual needs of coking furnace operations. The specific technical solution is as follows: A coal powder and slag cleaning device for the coal feed inlet of a coking furnace, used for the separation and collection of coal powder and slag dispersed with hot air at the top of the coking furnace cavity, includes: a cooling unit, an adjusting unit, and a collecting unit. The cooling unit is vertically connected to the top of the coking furnace, allowing the hot air inside the coking furnace to rise naturally due to its own gravity difference, and achieving cooling during the rising process. The adjusting unit is located to the side of the cooling unit, adjusting the taper of the inner cavity of the cooling unit according to the concentration of coal powder and slag inside the cooling unit. The collecting unit is connected to the top of the cooling unit, and after the hot air and coal powder and slag inside the coking furnace are cooled in the cooling unit, the collecting unit achieves gas-solid separation and coal powder and slag collection.

[0007] In the above technical solution, the cooling unit includes: a straight inlet section, a cover plate, a dust detector, a contraction section, a throat, a diffuser section, an expansion joint, and a straight outlet section. The bottom end of the straight inlet section is connected to the top of the coking furnace. The cover plate is rotatably connected to the connection between the straight inlet section and the coking furnace. The output end of the dust detector extends into the inner cavity of the straight inlet section. The contraction section, throat, and diffuser section form a gradually contracting, straight, and expanding integral hollow cylindrical structure from bottom to top. The expansion joint is divided into two groups and connected to the upper and lower ends of the throat respectively. The expansion joint at the bottom end is connected to the top end of the contraction section, and the expansion joint at the top end is connected to the bottom end of the diffuser section. The straight outlet section is connected to the top end of the diffuser section. The hot air carrying pulverized coal and slag in the coking furnace increases in velocity as it flows through the contraction section, the throat, and the diffuser section.

[0008] In the above technical solution, the inner cavity of the throat is provided with a self-excited vortex expansion assembly, which includes: guide vanes, a central column, and an annular expansion cavity. The guide vanes are divided into multiple groups and fixedly installed on the inner wall of the throat in an annular array, located on the side of the throat near the contraction section. The guide vanes are inclined relative to the inner wall of the throat at an angle of 15°-25°, and the guide vanes form an obtuse angle with the direction of hot air rise. The central column is located in the middle of the throat and is fixedly connected to the ends of each group of guide vanes. The annular expansion cavity is located on the side of the throat near the diffusion section. The inner wall of the throat is recessed outward to form the annular expansion cavity, and the depth of the annular expansion cavity is 1 / 8-1 / 6 of the diameter of the throat. The vertical width of the annular expansion cavity is consistent with the vertical height of the guide vanes. The throat, the guide vanes, and the annular expansion cavity form a continuous channel for guiding, vortexing, and expansion, allowing the hot air carrying pulverized coal and slag to cool down rapidly under the action of the self-excited vortex expansion assembly.

[0009] In the above technical solution, a high-temperature resistant nano-thermal insulation coating with a thickness of 0.5-1mm is coated on the inner wall of the annular expansion cavity and the surface of each group of guide vanes.

[0010] In the above technical solution, the adjustment unit includes: a bracket, a top fixing ring, a bottom fixing ring, a crossbar, a guide rod, a cylinder, a drive block, a first drive rod, a second drive rod, a first connecting arm, a second connecting arm, and a fixed arm. The bracket is configured as a U-shaped structure. The top fixing ring and the bottom fixing ring are respectively fixedly installed at the upper and lower ends of the bracket. The top fixing ring is fixedly connected to the straight cylinder outlet section, and the bottom fixing ring is fixedly connected to the straight cylinder inlet section. The crossbar is divided into two groups and arranged parallel to each other on the side wall of the bracket. The guide rod is vertically installed between the two groups of crossbars. The cylinder is installed on the side wall of the bracket. The drive block and the... The cylinder output end is connected; the ends of the first drive rod and the second drive rod are respectively rotatably connected to the drive block; the first connecting arm and the second connecting arm are correspondingly and slidably sleeved on the guide rod, the first connecting arm is fixedly connected to the junction of the diffuser section and the top telescopic joint, the second connecting arm is fixedly connected to the junction of the contraction section and the bottom telescopic joint, and the first drive rod is rotatably connected to the first connecting arm, and the second drive rod is rotatably connected to the second connecting arm; one end of the fixed arm is fixedly connected to the guide rod, and the other end is fixedly connected to the throat.

[0011] In the above technical solution, the first driving rod, the second driving rod, and the guide rod form a deformable triangular structure, and the included angle between the first driving rod and the guide rod is greater than the included angle between the second driving rod and the guide rod.

[0012] In the above technical solution, the collection unit includes: a top cover, a box body, a first collection plate, a second collection plate, a collection bin, a baffle plate, and a duct pipe. The top cover is connected to the straight cylinder outlet section and is located at the top of the straight cylinder outlet section. The box body is connected to the inner cavity of the top cover, and a dust collection port is provided at the connection between the box body and the inner cavity of the top cover. The first collection plate and the second collection plate are integrally formed. The first collection plate is connected to the side wall of the box body, and the first collection plate and the second collection plate are inclined upwards in a direction away from the box body. The inclination angle of the first collection plate relative to the horizontal line is 28°-34°, and the overall frontal projection area of ​​the first collection plate and the second collection plate occupies 2 / 3-4 / 5 of the frontal projection area of ​​the inner cavity of the straight cylinder outlet section. The collection bin is removably embedded in the inner cavity of the box body. The baffle plate is rotatably located on the side wall of the box body and rotates to block the outside of the collection bin. The duct pipe is connected to the top of the box body.

[0013] In the above technical solution, the collection unit further includes: a vibration motor and a vibration rod. The vibration motor is installed on the outer wall of the top cover; the vibration rod is connected to the output end of the vibration motor, the vibration rod extends into the inner cavity of the top cover, and the vibration rod is controlled to vibrate and strike the side wall of the first collection plate.

[0014] The above technical solution also includes a support assembly, which is disposed at the top of the coking furnace and fixedly connected to the side wall of the cooling unit. The support assembly includes: a base frame, side frames, crossbars, and railings. The base frame is configured as a U-shaped frame structure and is fixedly installed on the coking furnace. The side frames are fixedly installed at the top of the base frame and fixedly connected to the cooling unit. The crossbars are divided into multiple groups and fixedly installed on the front and rear side walls of the side frames. The railings are divided into multiple groups and fixedly installed at equal intervals along the left side wall of the side frames. The support component and the housing are located on the same side of the cooling unit.

[0015] The above technical solution also includes a PLC controller, which is fixedly installed on the bracket and electrically connected to the cover plate, the dust detector and the vibration motor respectively.

[0016] The present invention provides a coal powder and slag cleaning device for the coal feed inlet of a coking furnace, which, compared with the prior art, has the following advantages: I. Existing technologies that continuously supply cooling water to cool dusty, high-temperature flue gas suffer from problems such as high water consumption, complex supporting systems, high equipment investment and operating costs, and the potential for high-temperature flue gas impact due to cooling water supply interruptions, posing safety hazards. This invention addresses these issues by incorporating a cooling unit, an adjustment unit, and a collection unit. This allows the high-temperature hot air to accelerate upwards and cool down due to its own gravitational difference, eliminating the need for continuous cooling water supply. This eliminates the need for complex systems such as water supply, circulation, and temperature control, reducing equipment investment and operating costs. Furthermore, it effectively avoids safety hazards caused by cooling system failures. The invention features a simple structure, stable operation, convenient maintenance, and greater adaptability, better meeting the actual needs of coking furnace operations. Second, in this invention, the regulating unit can adjust the inner cavity taper in real time according to the coal powder and coal slag concentration in the cooling unit. When the coal powder and coal slag concentration increases, the airflow rising speed and flow field distribution are adjusted by changing the taper to ensure that gas-solid separation can still be stably achieved under high concentration of dust, and to avoid channel blockage. Third, the collection unit in this invention performs gas-solid separation and coal powder and slag collection on the cooled flue gas. It adopts the method of cooling first and then separating, which reduces the damage of high temperature to the separation structure, extends the service life of the device, and is more suitable for the harsh working conditions of the coking furnace. IV. This invention forms an integrated channel of gradually narrowing, straight cylinder and gradually expanding through a contraction section, a throat, and a diffusion section. Based on the principles of fluid mechanics, the flow velocity of dust-laden hot air is gradually increased and the disturbance is enhanced, so as to achieve uniform dispersion of coal powder and coal slag. This provides a stable flow field for subsequent eddy expansion and cooling, and also creates favorable conditions for gas-solid separation in the collection unit, ensuring efficient and smooth cooling and separation, and improving the overall cleaning effect. V. In this invention, the guide vanes are arranged at an angle of 15°-25° relative to the inner wall of the throat and at an obtuse angle to the direction of hot air rising. This structure is designed based on the principle of fluid swirling flow guidance, which can directionally guide the high-speed rising dust-laden airflow, so that the airflow is smoothly transformed into a rotating vortex state. While enhancing the internal disturbance of the airflow and the uniform dispersion of coal powder, it avoids local resistance and airflow rebound caused by excessively steep angles, and provides stable and uniform swirling flow field conditions for subsequent adiabatic expansion and cooling. VI. In this invention, the first driving rod, the second driving rod, and the guide rod form a deformable triangular structure, and the angles between the two and the guide rod are different, so that the first connecting arm and the second connecting arm produce different lifting amplitudes under the same driving displacement, realizing differentiated and matched adjustment of the contraction section and the diffusion section. The taper adjustment can use the coal powder concentration as the core linkage parameter, making the control more targeted, the taper change more reasonable, and the flow field more stable. VII. In this invention, the vibrating motor drives the vibrating rod to strike the first collection plate, causing the coal powder and slag adhering to the collection plate to be shaken off, avoiding ash accumulation and blockage of the channel, ensuring long-term stable and efficient gas-solid separation. Moreover, the vibrating rod is set below the first collection plate, so it will not occupy the airflow channel between the top cover and the second collection plate, which can avoid obstructing or interfering with the normal flow of rising hot air and coal powder and slag, ensuring a smooth and stable flow field. 8. In this invention, the support component is fixedly connected to the cooling unit at multiple points through the base frame, side frame and cooling unit, which can improve the overall installation rigidity, operation stability and vibration and shock resistance of the device; at the same time, the support component also functions as an operating platform and climbing structure, which makes it easy for operators to safely reach the location of the collection unit, realize the quick disassembly and assembly of the collection chamber, regular dust cleaning and daily maintenance, and improve the convenience and safety of equipment use. 9. In this invention, the PLC controller realizes centralized automatic control of the cover plate, dust detector and vibration motor. It can automatically adjust the cone according to the real-time dust concentration and automatically vibrate to clean the dust, so as to realize the fully automatic and intelligent operation of the device, reduce the intensity of manual operation and improve the stability and continuity of the cleaning treatment of the coking furnace coal feeding port. In summary, this invention, through the integrated coordination of the cooling unit, regulating unit, and collecting unit, allows hot air and pulverized coal and slag in the coking furnace to rise naturally due to their own gravitational difference. The increased flow velocity within the gradually narrowing, straight-cylinder, and gradually expanding channel structure, combined with the vortex formed by the guide vanes, enters the annular expansion chamber, generating self-excited adiabatic expansion. This achieves highly efficient natural cooling without water source or additional energy consumption, eliminating the complex systems of water supply, circulation, and temperature control required by traditional water cooling, reducing equipment investment, operation, and maintenance costs, while avoiding safety hazards caused by cooling system failures. The addition of a high-temperature resistant nano-insulation coating reduces heat exchange within the pipe walls, ensuring stable cooling performance. The regulating unit employs a triangular deformable drive structure, automatically adjusting the channel taper based on the pulverized coal concentration monitored by the dust detector. The same drive can achieve differentiated displacement between the contraction and diffusion sections, ensuring the flow field and gas-solid separation effect are always optimal. The inclined collecting plates within the collection unit, with their reasonable angle and coverage area, efficiently capture pulverized coal and slag while ensuring smooth material flow. Combined with a vibrating impact structure, this effectively prevents adhesion and clumping, ensuring continuous and reliable separation and cleaning. The PLC controller enables fully automated control of cover opening and closing, concentration detection, cone adjustment, and vibration cleaning. This results in a gentle, stable, and easy-to-maintain system, better adapting to the harsh conditions of high temperature and high dust levels at coking furnace sites, and meeting the long-term, continuous, efficient, and environmentally friendly requirements for pulverized coal and slag separation and cleaning. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a front view of the coking furnace of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support component of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the diffusion section of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the contraction section of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the throat tube of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the annular expansion cavity of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the guide vane of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first drive rod of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the housing of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first material collection plate of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the collection chamber of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vibration rod of the present invention; Figures 1 to 12In the middle section, 1. Coking oven; 2. Cooling unit; 201. Straight inlet section; 202. Cover plate; 203. Dust detector; 204. Contraction section; 205. Throat; 206. Expansion joint; 207. Diffusion section; 208. Straight outlet section; 209. Guide vane; 210. Central column; 211. Annular expansion chamber; 3. Adjustment unit; 301. Support; 302. Top fixing ring; 303. Bottom fixing ring; 304. Crossbar; 305. Guide rod; 306. Cylinder; 307. Drive block; 3 08. First drive rod; 309. Second drive rod; 310. First connecting arm; 311. Second connecting arm; 312. Fixed arm; 4. Collection unit; 401. Top cover; 402. Box body; 403. First collection plate; 404. Second collection plate; 405. Collection bin; 406. Baffle; 407. Air duct; 408. Vibration motor; 409. Vibration rod; 5. Support assembly; 501. Base frame; 502. Side frame; 503. Cross bar; 504. Railing; 6. PLC controller. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The following are specific implementation cases and appendices. Figures 1 to 12 The present invention will be further described, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0019] Main references Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a coal powder and slag cleaning device for the coal feed port of a coking furnace is disclosed. The coal feed port of the coking furnace 1 is located on the top right side. Materials are fed into the inner cavity of the coking furnace 1 through the coal feed port using an existing general-purpose material feeder for subsequent coking processing. This device, located at the top of the coking furnace 1, is used to separate and clean the coal powder and slag generated at the coal feed port of the coking furnace 1 and lifted by the high-temperature hot airflow. This device includes a cooling unit 2, an adjustment unit 3, and a collection unit 4. The cooling unit 2 is vertically connected to the top of the coking furnace 1, allowing the hot air inside the coking furnace 1 to rise naturally due to its own gravity difference, and achieving cooling during the rising process. The adjustment unit 3 is located to the side of the cooling unit 2, adjusting the taper of the inner cavity of the cooling unit 2 according to the concentration of pulverized coal and slag inside the cooling unit 2. When the concentration of pulverized coal and slag increases, the taper change optimizes the airflow rising speed and internal flow field state, ensuring stable gas-solid separation even under high dust conditions, effectively preventing channel blockage. The collection unit 4 is connected to the top of the cooling unit 2. After the hot air and pulverized coal and slag inside the coking furnace 1 are cooled in the cooling unit 2, the collection unit 4 achieves gas-solid separation and collects the pulverized coal and slag. By cooling first and then separating, the erosion and wear of the separation components by the high-temperature environment can be effectively reduced, improving the overall durability and service life of the device, making the equipment more adaptable to the harsh working environment of high temperature and high dust at the coking furnace site.

[0020] This invention, through the structural design of the cooling unit 2, enables the hot air and pulverized coal and slag in the coking furnace 1 to rise and cool down rapidly due to their own gravity difference, without relying on continuous cooling water and auxiliary equipment such as water pumps, pipelines, circulation, and temperature control. This reduces water consumption and lowers equipment investment, installation, and subsequent maintenance costs. At the same time, it avoids the safety risk of high-temperature flue gas directly impacting subsequent components due to cooling system failure. The overall structure is simple, the operation is stable and reliable, and the maintenance is more convenient, making it more suitable for the use of existing coking furnace pulverized coal and slag separation and cleaning sites.

[0021] This invention first cools the high-temperature hot air before separating and cleaning pulverized coal and slag, which avoids the erosion, aging, and structural damage caused by the direct action of high-temperature flue gas on the separation components. This reduces the operating temperature and load of the equipment, effectively extending the service life and operational stability of the device. Compared with gas-solid separation performed directly in a high-temperature environment, this invention operates under milder conditions and is easier to control, making it better suited to the harsh working conditions at the coking furnace site and meeting the long-term, continuous, and stable requirements for the separation and cleaning of pulverized coal and slag.

[0022] Main references Figures 4 to 7 As shown, the cooling unit 2 includes: a straight inlet section 201, a cover plate 202, a dust detector 203, a contraction section 204, a throat 205, a diffuser section 207, an expansion joint 206, and a straight outlet section 208. The bottom end of the straight inlet section 201 is connected to the top of the coking furnace 1. The cover plate 202 is rotatably connected to the connection between the straight inlet section 201 and the coking furnace 1 via a pin. By closing the cover plate 202, the hot air containing pulverized coal and slag in the inner cavity of the cooling unit 2 can be separately treated for the removal, separation, and cleaning of pulverized coal and slag. Alternatively, the cover plate 202 can be opened relative to the outside. The angle control regulates the amount of hot air containing pulverized coal and slag entering the cooling unit 2. Specifically, the straight inlet section 201 and the cover plate 202 enable on / off control of the coking furnace 1 and the cooling unit 2, thereby adjusting the flow rate of hot air and pulverized coal and slag entering the cooling unit 2 to ensure the device performs separation and cleaning operations as needed. The output end of the dust detector 203 extends into the inner cavity of the straight inlet section 201. The dust detector 203 uses a commercially available dust concentration detection device, with its probe extending into the inner cavity of the straight inlet section 201 to detect and output signals of the dust concentration within the cavity in real time. This dust detector 203 is a mature and conventional detection component in the prior art. Its specific circuit structure, detection principle, and model specifications can all be implemented using existing mature products. Therefore, this application will not elaborate on or specifically limit its internal structure and working principle; those skilled in the art can implement it by referring to the prior art. When the dust detector 203 detects that the content of pulverized coal and slag in the coking furnace 1 is low and no treatment is required, it can promptly control the cover plate 202 to close, thereby reliably isolating the cooling unit 2 from the coking furnace 1, ensuring stable production conditions inside the coking furnace and not affecting the normal coking process.

[0023] The contraction section 204, throat 205, and diffuser section 207 form a hollow cylindrical structure that gradually narrows, straightens, and expands from bottom to top, increasing the flow velocity and enhancing airflow disturbance when hot air flows through it, thus providing favorable flow field conditions for subsequent cooling and separation. The expansion joint 206 is divided into two groups and connected to the upper and lower ends of the throat 205 respectively. The expansion joint 206 at the bottom end is connected to the top end of the contraction section 204, and the expansion joint 206 at the top end is connected to the bottom end of the diffuser section 207. The expansion joint 206 is adjusted with a taper to ensure reliable sealing and no airflow leakage during adjustment, resulting in a stable structure and flexible adjustment. The straight outlet section 208 is connected to the top end of the diffuser section 207.

[0024] In this invention, the contraction section 204, throat 205, and diffuser section 207 are connected sequentially from bottom to top to form an integrated hollow channel structure that gradually narrows, straightens, and expands. This structure follows the principles of fluid mechanics, causing the flow velocity of the hot air carrying pulverized coal and slag in the coking furnace 1 to gradually increase as it flows through the channel: after entering the contraction section 204, the flow velocity steadily increases as the channel cross-section gradually shrinks; when flowing through the throat 205, the flow velocity remains stable and at a relatively high level, and is cooled by the action of the guide vanes 209 and the annular expansion chamber 211; upon entering the diffuser... After section 207, the channel cross-section gradually expands. Although the flow velocity slows down slightly, it remains within a reasonable range suitable for subsequent processing. At the same time, the increase in flow velocity enhances the airflow disturbance effect, breaks the laminar flow state of hot air and coal dust and slag, and makes the coal dust and slag evenly dispersed in the airflow, avoiding local accumulation. This provides a stable and efficient flow field basis for the subsequent self-excited vortex expansion component to guide the flow, form vortices, and perform adiabatic expansion and cooling. It also creates favorable conditions for the gas-solid separation operation of the subsequent collection unit, ensuring that the cooling and separation process is smooth and efficient, and improving the overall cleaning effect.

[0025] In the coking furnace 1, the hot air carrying pulverized coal and slag increases in velocity as it flows through the constriction section 204, the throat 205, and the diffuser section 207. Based on the Venturi tube flow principle, the dust-laden hot air rises naturally due to its own buoyancy and the difference in gravity. When it flows through the constriction section 204, the cross-section contracts, increasing the velocity and decreasing the static pressure. After entering the throat 205, the airflow passes through the guide vanes 209 arranged in a ring array. Under the directional swirling flow guidance, a stable high-speed rotating vortex can be formed without external power.

[0026] Specifically, the contraction section 204, expansion joint 206, and diffuser section 207 are all made of elastic and flexible material that can undergo axial expansion and contraction deformation within a set stroke range, maintaining unobstructed internal channels and reliable external sealing during deformation. During repeated expansion and contraction deformation, the normal flow of gas and overall sealing performance are not affected, ensuring long-term stable operation of the device. For example, the materials of the contraction section 204, expansion joint 206, and diffuser section 207 can be: high-temperature resistant silicone rubber, fluororubber, flexible graphite composite material, polytetrafluoroethylene composite elastomer, high-temperature resistant nylon elastomer, corrugated metal hose, etc. All of the above materials possess good expansion and contraction resilience, high-temperature resistance, sealing performance, and structural stability. When the device moves and generates relative displacement, they can freely expand and contract with the movement of components, effectively preventing gas leakage and ensuring smooth airflow, meeting the usage requirements of this device under high-temperature and dusty conditions. The above materials and functions are all existing mature technologies; their materials and performance only need to meet the usage requirements of this application, and will not be elaborated or limited here.

[0027] Main references Figures 5 to 7 As shown, the inner cavity of the throat 205 is equipped with a self-excited vortex expansion assembly, which includes: guide vanes 209, a central column 210, and an annular expansion cavity 211. The guide vanes 209 are divided into multiple groups and fixedly installed on the inner wall of the throat 205 in an annular array. They are located on the side of the throat 205 near the contraction section 204. The guide vanes 209 are inclined relative to the inner wall of the throat 205, and the inclination angle is 15°-25°. The guide vanes 209 form an obtuse angle with the direction of hot air rise. The guide vanes 209 are made of high-temperature resistant lightweight alloy material with a smooth surface to reduce airflow resistance. The guide vanes 209 are seamlessly connected to the inner wall of the throat 205, so as not to affect the smoothness of the natural rise of hot air. The central column 210 is located in the middle of the throat 205 and is fixedly connected to the ends of each group of guide vanes 209. The central column 210 and multiple groups of central columns 210 form a stable support to ensure the structural strength is reliable under high-speed airflow. The annular expansion cavity 211 is located on the side of the throat 205 near the diffuser section 207. The inner wall of the throat 205 is concave to the outside to form the annular expansion cavity 211, and the concave depth of the annular expansion cavity 211 is 1 / 8-1 / 6 of the diameter of the throat 205. This allows the high-speed vortex to undergo self-excited adiabatic expansion after entering, the airflow diffuses rapidly, and the internal energy decreases, achieving natural and rapid cooling without a cold source or power consumption. The vertical width of the annular expansion cavity 211 is consistent with the vertical height of the guide vanes 209. The throat 205, the various guide vanes 209, and the annular expansion chamber 211 form a continuous channel for guiding, vortexing, and expansion, enabling rapid cooling of hot air carrying pulverized coal and slag under the action of the self-excited vortex expansion component without increasing power or consuming water resources. Its working principle is as follows: the high-temperature airflow carrying dust forms a high-speed vortex under the directional guidance of the guide vanes 209, and undergoes self-excited adiabatic expansion after entering the annular expansion chamber 211; the airflow rapidly diffuses within the closed chamber, its volume increases instantaneously, the distance between gas molecules increases significantly, and it performs work on the outside. The internal energy of the airflow and the kinetic energy of molecular thermal motion decrease simultaneously and significantly, thereby achieving autonomous and rapid cooling of the high-temperature flue gas without energy consumption or media, providing a stable and safe low-temperature operating condition for subsequent gas-solid separation.

[0028] In practical applications in coking furnaces, this invention utilizes the guide vanes 209, which are inclined relative to the inner wall of the throat 205 at an angle of 15°-25°. Based on the principle of fluid swirling guidance and flow field stability control, the design is optimized to guide the high-speed rising dust-laden hot air tangentially and orderly, smoothly transforming the linearly rising airflow into a rotating vortex flow state. While significantly enhancing the internal disturbance intensity of the airflow, promoting the uniform dispersion of pulverized coal and slag, and avoiding local aggregation, it can effectively prevent problems such as airflow impact, local resistance surge, and airflow rebound caused by excessively large or steep guide angles. This ensures that the airflow passes through the throat area continuously, stably, and smoothly, thereby providing a uniform, stable, and controllable swirling flow field for the subsequent self-excited adiabatic expansion and cooling process in the annular expansion chamber, improving the overall cooling efficiency and operational stability.

[0029] In addition, a high-temperature resistant nano-insulation coating with a thickness of 0.5-1mm is applied to the inner wall of the annular expansion cavity 211 and the surface of each set of guide vanes 209. This coating can reduce the heat exchange between the high-temperature airflow and the pipe wall, ensure that the adiabatic expansion cooling efficiency is not offset, and further improve the cooling stability.

[0030] Main references Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 8As shown, the adjustment unit 3 includes: a bracket 301, a top fixing ring 302, a bottom fixing ring 303, a crossbar 304, a guide rod 305, a cylinder 306, a drive block 307, a first drive rod 308, a second drive rod 309, a first connecting arm 310, a second connecting arm 311, and a fixing arm 312. The bracket 301 is configured as a U-shaped structure. The top fixing ring 302 and the bottom fixing ring 303 are respectively fixedly installed at the upper and lower ends of the bracket 301. The top fixing ring 302 is fixedly connected to the straight cylinder outlet section 208, and the bottom fixing ring 303 is fixedly connected to the straight cylinder inlet. Section 201 is fixedly connected. The bracket 301, top fixing ring 302, and bottom fixing ring 303 provide a stable installation foundation for the adjustment unit 3, ensuring overall rigidity. The crossbar 304 is divided into two groups and arranged parallel to each other on the side wall of the bracket 301. The guide rod 305 is vertically installed between the two groups of crossbars 304. The cylinder 306 is installed on the side wall of the bracket 301. The cylinder 306 used in this application is a commonly used self-locking cylinder on the market. Its output end can stay at any position and lock. It only needs to meet the usage requirements of this application. It will not be described or limited here. The drive block 307 is connected to the output end of the cylinder 306; the ends of the first drive rod 308 and the second drive rod 309 are respectively rotatably connected to the drive block 307 via pins; the first connecting arm 310 and the second connecting arm 311 are correspondingly and slidably sleeved on the guide rod 305. The first connecting arm 310 is fixedly connected to the junction of the diffuser section 207 and the top telescopic joint 206, and the second connecting arm 311 is fixedly connected to the junction of the contraction section 204 and the bottom telescopic joint 206. The first drive rod 308 is rotatably connected to the first connecting arm 310 via a pin, and the second drive rod 309 is rotatably connected to the second connecting arm 311 via a pin. The cylinder 306 drives the first connecting arm 310 and the second connecting arm 311 to slide along the guide rod 305 through the drive block 307, the first drive rod 308, and the second drive rod 309, thereby realizing the synchronous adjustment of the contraction section 204 and the diffuser section 207. One end of the fixed arm 312 is fixedly connected to the guide rod 305, and the other end is fixedly connected to the throat 205. The fixed arm 312 fixes the position of the throat 205, so that the throat 205 remains centered during the adjustment process, and only the taper of the contraction section 204 and the diffusion section 207 is changed, thereby accurately and smoothly adjusting the overall taper, with fast adjustment response and good action synchronization.

[0031] The dust detector 203 monitors the concentration of pulverized coal and slag in the straight inlet section 201 in real time and transmits the detection signal to the PLC controller 6. The PLC controller 6 outputs control instructions according to the preset logic, drives the cylinder 306 to move, and the cylinder 306 drives the drive block 307 to move, thereby driving the first drive rod 308 and the second drive rod 309 to move synchronously, so that the first connecting arm 310 and the second connecting arm 311 produce opposite or opposite displacements, thereby adjusting the vertical height and relative position of the diffusion section 207 and the contraction section 204, realizing the dynamic adaptive adjustment of the cone of the cooling unit cavity, so that the flow field parameters match the treatment requirements of different pulverized coal and slag concentrations.

[0032] Main references Figure 4 and Figure 8 As shown, the first drive rod 308, the second drive rod 309, and the guide rod 305 form a deformable triangular structure, and the included angle between the first drive rod 308 and the guide rod 305 is greater than the included angle between the second drive rod 309 and the guide rod 305. Specifically, in this embodiment, the included angle between the first drive rod 308 and the guide rod 305 is set to 65°, and the included angle between the second drive rod 309 and the guide rod 305 is 49°. This differential angle setting ensures that the length of the first drive rod 308 is less than the length of the second drive rod 309. The first driving rod 308 can drive the first connecting arm 310 to move a larger displacement under the same driving displacement, compressing the diffuser section 207 to a greater extent, while the second driving rod 309 can drive the second connecting arm 311 to move a smaller displacement, compressing the contraction section 204 to a smaller extent. In other words, by using the first connecting arm 310 and the second connecting arm 311 to generate different lifting and lowering amplitudes, the contraction section 204 and the diffuser section 207 can be adjusted in a differentiated and matched manner, ensuring that the taper difference between the contraction section 204 and the diffuser section 207 is more reasonable and the flow field is more stable.

[0033] In this invention, under the same driving input, the first driving rod 308, with a larger included angle and shorter rod length, produces a larger lifting displacement, while the second driving rod 309, with a smaller included angle and longer rod length, produces a smaller displacement. This achieves differentiated adjustment of the diffuser section 207 (large adjustment) and the contraction section 204 (small adjustment). This setting conforms to the geometric ratio between the contraction and diffusion sections of the Venturi tube and matches the velocity and pressure changes of the airflow in the gradually contracting and expanding channels. This makes the taper adjustment more in line with the fluid dynamics characteristics, ensuring a stable flow field and smooth airflow inside the channel, and improving the cooling and separation effect under different dust concentrations.

[0034] Main references Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figures 9 to 12As shown, the collection unit 4 includes: a top cover 401, a box body 402, a first collecting plate 403, a second collecting plate 404, a collection bin 405, a baffle 406, and a duct 407. The top cover 401 is connected to the straight cylinder outlet section 208 and is located at the top of the straight cylinder outlet section 208. The box body 402 is connected to the inner cavity of the top cover 401, and a dust collection port is provided at the connection between the inner cavity of the box body 402 and the inner cavity of the top cover 401. The top cover 401 and the box body 402 form a closed gas-solid separation space to prevent dust from overflowing. The first collecting plate 403 and the second collecting plate 404 are integrally formed structures. The first collecting plate 403 is connected to the side wall of the box body 402, and the first collecting plate 403 and the second collecting plate 404 are inclined upwards in a direction away from the box body 402. The inclination angle of the first collecting plate 403 relative to the horizontal line is 28°. The angle range of 34° is greater than the natural angle of repose of pulverized coal and slag, allowing pulverized coal adhering to the surfaces of the first and second collection plates 403 and 404 to automatically slide downwards under the influence of gravity, preventing accumulation, arching, and bridging on the collection plates. Simultaneously, the upward-sloping arrangement expands the effective contact area with the rising airflow, improving the collision, interception, and collection efficiency of pulverized coal particles without obstructing normal airflow, resulting in more thorough gas-solid separation. The inclined surface formed by the first and second collection plates 403 and 404 also guides and stabilizes the rising airflow, reducing airflow eddies and local resistance below the first and second collection plates 403 and 404. This ensures both effective separation and smooth return of pulverized coal to the collection bin, enhancing the continuous and stable operation of the entire device. The overall projected area of ​​the first and second collection plates 403 and 404 accounts for 2 / 3 to 4 / 5 of the projected area of ​​the inner cavity of the straight cylinder outlet section 208, improving the pulverized coal and slag collection rate while ensuring airflow passage. The collection chamber 405 is retractable and embedded in the inner cavity of the box body 402; the baffle 406 is rotatably mounted on the side wall of the box body 402 via a damping rotating shaft, and the rotation is blocked on the outside of the collection chamber 405. The retractable collection chamber 405 facilitates dust cleaning and maintenance, and the baffle 406 achieves reliable limiting and anti-detachment; the air guide pipe 407 is connected to the top of the box body 402, and a dust-blocking net is provided at the connection between the air guide pipe 407 and the inner cavity of the box body 402. Coal powder and coal slag can remain in the inner cavity of the box body 402 under the obstruction of the dust-blocking net, and the air guide pipe 407 can smoothly exhaust the gas.

[0035] The dust-laden airflow, after being processed by the cooling unit 2 and the regulating unit 3, is cooled down and continues to accelerate upward under the action of the cooling unit 2. After the airflow reaches the lower surface of the first collection plate 403, it flows upward along the flow channel formed by the lower surface of the first collection plate 403, the right side wall of the second collection plate 404 and the inner wall of the top cover 401, and then flows through the upper surface of the inclined first collection plate 403, and finally flows into the inner cavity of the box 402 along the inclined surface.

[0036] Specifically, a valve assembly for controlling the gas flow is connected to the gas guide pipe 407. The valve assembly and its connection structure with the gas guide pipe 407 adopt existing conventional structures, only needing to ensure reliable control of the gas flow state within the gas guide pipe 407. Simultaneously, the gas guide pipe 407 is externally connected to a coke oven flue gas purification and treatment device commonly used in the field. This type of equipment can purify the flue gas produced by the coke oven to meet emission standards, and is a mature existing technology. Therefore, this application will not elaborate on or limit its specific structure and working principle.

[0037] Main references Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 12 As shown, the collection unit 4 also includes a vibration motor 408 and a vibration rod 409. The vibration motor 408 is mounted on the outer wall of the top cover 401; the vibration rod 409 is connected to the output end of the vibration motor 408, extends into the inner cavity of the top cover 401, and is controlled to vibrate and strike the side wall of the first collection plate 403. The vibration motor 408 is a commercially available vibration motor in the art, which can generate directional vibration during operation and transmit the vibration force to the vibration rod 409 to achieve the corresponding vibration function. The air guide pipe 407 is a mature conventional drive component in the prior art, and its specific structure, wiring and control method can be implemented using existing conventional models. This application will not elaborate on or specifically limit its internal structure and working principle.

[0038] In this invention, the vibration motor 408 drives the vibration rod 409 to vibrate and strike the first collection plate 403, causing the coal powder and slag attached to the surface of the collection plate to fall off under the vibration. This effectively prevents dust from accumulating and clumping, blocking the airflow channel, and ensuring the long-term stability and efficiency of the gas-solid separation process. At the same time, the vibration rod 409 is arranged below the first collection plate 403, without occupying the airflow space between the top cover 401 and the second collection plate 404, and will not obstruct the flow of rising hot air and coal powder and slag, ensuring that the internal flow field is continuously smooth and stable.

[0039] Main references Figures 1 to 3As shown, it also includes a support assembly 5, which is disposed at the top of the coking furnace 1 and fixedly connected to the side wall of the cooling unit 2. The support assembly 5 includes: a base frame 501, a side frame 502, a crossbar 503, and a railing 504. The base frame 501 is configured as a U-shaped frame structure and is fixedly installed on the coking furnace 1. The side frame 502 is fixedly installed at the top of the base frame 501 and is fixedly connected to the cooling unit 2. The top of the side frame 502 is fixedly connected to the straight cylinder outlet section 208, and the bottom of the side frame 502 is fixedly connected to the straight cylinder inlet section 201, so as to realize the side frame 502 for cooling The cooling unit 2 is positioned on the coking furnace 1 for auxiliary support; the crossbars 503 are divided into multiple groups and fixedly installed on the front and rear side walls of the side frame 502; the railings 504 are divided into multiple groups and fixedly installed at equal intervals along the left side wall of the side frame 502. The crossbars 503 and railings 504 enhance the structural rigidity and prevent shaking and deformation during long-term operation; the support component 5 and the box 402 are set on the same side of the cooling unit 2, which enables the overall equipment to be subjected to balanced force and compact layout, which is convenient for on-site installation and space utilization, and allows the user to climb the railings 504 to clean the collection bin 405.

[0040] In this invention, the support component 5 is connected to the cooling unit 2 at multiple points through the base frame 501 and the side frame 502, which can effectively enhance the overall structural rigidity, operational stability and vibration resistance of the device. At the same time, the support component 5 integrates the functions of the operating platform and climbing channel, which makes it easy for staff to safely reach the location of the collection unit 4 and complete the disassembly, cleaning and maintenance of the collection chamber 405, thereby improving the convenience and safety of the equipment.

[0041] Main references Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, it also includes a PLC controller 6, which is fixedly mounted on the bracket 301 and electrically connected to the cover plate 202, the dust detector 203, and the vibration motor 408. The cover plate 202 is controlled by the PLC controller 6 to open and close. The dust detector 203 transmits the detected dust information to the PLC controller 6 for processing, thereby controlling other components to process corresponding instructions. The vibration motor 408 is controlled by the PLC controller 6 to start and stop. The PLC controller 6 is a commercially available PLC controller, a conventional programmable logic controller in the industrial control field, with signal reception, logic operation, instruction output, and automatic control functions. It can achieve coordinated control of various execution components according to a preset program. The PLC controller 6 is a mature existing industrial control component, and its hardware structure, control program, and working principle are all existing conventional technologies. This application will not elaborate on or specifically limit these aspects.

[0042] In this invention, the PLC controller 6 performs centralized linkage control of the cover plate 202, dust detector 203, and vibration motor 408. It can automatically complete the cone adjustment and rapping cleaning actions according to the real-time dust concentration, realize the full-process automated and intelligent operation of the device, effectively reduce the intensity of manual operation, and improve the stability and continuity of operation of the coking furnace coal feeding port cleaning treatment.

[0043] The working principle of the pulverized coal and slag cleaning device for the coal feed port of a coking furnace in this embodiment is as follows: After the equipment starts, the PLC controller 6 initializes the control parameters and opens the cover plate 202 in the cooling unit 2, allowing the high-temperature hot air containing pulverized coal and slag at the coal inlet of the coking furnace 1 to enter the inner cavity of the cooling unit 2 through the straight inlet section 201, relying on its own buoyancy and gravity difference. At the same time, the dust detector 203 in the cooling unit 2 is activated to monitor the dust concentration in real time and transmit the signal to the PLC controller 6. The hot air containing pulverized coal and slag rises along the gradually narrowing, straight, and gradually expanding channel formed by the contraction section 204, the throat 205, and the diffusion section 207, following the Venturi tube principle, and flows into the contraction section 204. Increased velocity and decreased static pressure ensure uniform dispersion of pulverized coal. The annular array of guide vanes 209 inside the throat 205 guides the airflow to form a high-speed swirling flow. After entering the annular expansion chamber 211, the swirling flow undergoes self-excited adiabatic expansion, achieving rapid cooling without energy consumption. After cooling, the airflow is stabilized through the diffuser section 207 and then transported to the collection unit 4 through the straight cylinder outlet section 208. The expansion joint 206 ensures a leak-free seal during adjustment. The flexible materials of the contraction section 204, expansion joint 206, and diffuser section 207 are adapted for tapered adjustment. The heat insulation coating of the annular expansion chamber 211 and the guide vanes 209 ensures cooling efficiency. The taper adjustment of the adjustment unit 3 is controlled by the PLC controller 6. The PLC controller 6 drives the cylinder 306 according to the signal of the dust detector 203. The cylinder 306 drives the first drive rod 308 and the second drive rod 309 through the drive block 307. By utilizing the difference in the angle between the two and the guide rod 305, the first connecting arm 310 and the second connecting arm 311 drive the diffusion section 207 and the contraction section 204 to achieve differentiated taper adjustment. The fixed arm 312 fixes the throat 205 to ensure the flow field is stable and avoid high concentration dust blockage. After cooling, the dust-laden airflow enters the top cover 401 of the collection unit 4 through the straight cylinder outlet section 208. It rises along the flow channel formed by the first collection plate 403, the second collection plate 404 and the top cover 401. The first collection plate 403 and the second collection plate 404 guide the coal powder and slag. The coal powder and slag slide down the inclined surface to the collection bin 405 for collection. The gas is discharged through the air guide pipe 407 and discharged in compliance with standards through external equipment. The PLC controller 6 synchronously controls the start and stop of the vibration motor 408 and drives the vibration rod 409 to strike the first collection plate 403 to clean the dust. The vibration rod 409 does not obstruct the airflow.

[0044] In this invention, through centralized control of PLC controller 6, the energy-free cooling of cooling unit 2, dynamic taper adjustment of adjustment unit 3, and gas-solid separation and rapping cleaning of collection unit 4 are linked to achieve fully automated processing of dust-laden hot air: high-temperature dust-laden hot air rises naturally due to its own gravity difference, and is rapidly cooled by the self-excited eddy expansion of cooling unit 2. Taper adjustment of adjustment unit 3 ensures flow field stability and avoids blockage. Inefficient gas-solid separation is achieved by tilting collection and rapping cleaning of collection unit 4. Finally, coal powder and slag are collected in collection bin 405, and clean gas is discharged through air guide pipe 407 and meets emission standards. The entire process does not require continuous cooling water supply or additional power. The structure is simple and the operation is stable. It effectively solves the problems of high energy consumption, poor adaptability, and poor separation effect of traditional cleaning devices. It is suitable for the harsh working conditions of high temperature and high dust in coking furnace sites and achieves long-term, continuous, and stable coal powder and slag cleaning treatment.

[0045] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coal powder and slag cleaning device for the coal feed port of a coking furnace, used for the separation and collection of coal powder and slag scattered with hot air at the top of the inner cavity of the coking furnace (1), characterized in that: include: The cooling unit (2) is vertically connected to the top of the coking furnace (1) to allow the hot air inside the coking furnace (1) to rise naturally due to its own gravity difference and to achieve cooling during the rising process; An adjustment unit (3) is located on the side of the cooling unit (2) to adjust the taper of the inner cavity of the cooling unit (2) according to the concentration of coal powder and coal slag in the cooling unit (2); The collection unit (4) is connected to the top of the cooling unit (2). After the hot air and coal powder and slag in the coking furnace (1) are cooled in the cooling unit (2), the collection unit (4) realizes gas-solid separation and coal powder and slag collection.

2. The coal powder and slag cleaning device for the coal feed port of a coking furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling unit (2) includes: The bottom end of the straight inlet section (201) is connected to the top of the coking furnace (1); The cover plate (202) is rotatably connected to the connection between the straight inlet section (201) and the coking furnace (1); The dust detector (203) has its output end extending into the inner cavity of the straight inlet section (201); The contraction section (204), the throat (205), and the diffusion section (207) form a hollow cylindrical structure that gradually narrows, straightens, and expands from bottom to top. The expansion joint (206) is divided into two groups and connected to the upper and lower ends of the throat (205). The expansion joint (206) at the bottom end is connected to the top end of the contraction section (204), and the expansion joint (206) at the top end is connected to the bottom end of the diffusion section (207). A straight outlet section (208) is connected to the top of the diffuser section (207); The hot air carrying pulverized coal and slag in the coking furnace (1) increases in velocity as it flows through the inner cavity of the contraction section (204), the throat (205), and the diffusion section (207).

3. The coal powder and slag cleaning device for the coal feed port of a coking furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner cavity of the throat tube (205) is provided with a self-excited vortex expansion assembly, which includes: The guide vanes (209) are divided into multiple groups and fixedly installed on the inner wall of the throat (205) in a ring array. They are located on the side of the throat (205) near the constriction section (204). The guide vanes (209) are inclined relative to the inner wall of the throat (205) with an inclination angle of 15°-25°. The guide vanes (209) are at an obtuse angle to the direction of hot air rising. The central column (210) is located in the middle of the throat (205) and is fixedly connected to the ends of each group of guide vanes (209); An annular expansion cavity (211) is disposed on the side of the throat (205) near the diffuser section (207). The inner wall of the throat (205) is recessed outward to form the annular expansion cavity (211), and the recess depth of the annular expansion cavity (211) is 1 / 8 to 1 / 6 of the diameter of the throat (205). The vertical width of the annular expansion cavity (211) is consistent with the vertical height of the guide vane (209). The throat (205), the guide vanes (209) of each group, and the annular expansion cavity (211) form a continuous channel for guiding, vortexing, and expansion, and the hot air carrying pulverized coal and slag achieves rapid cooling under the action of the self-excited vortex expansion component.

4. The coal powder and slag cleaning device for the coal feed port of a coking furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner wall of the annular expansion cavity (211) and the surface of each set of guide vanes (209) are coated with a high-temperature resistant nano heat insulation coating with a thickness of 0.5-1mm.

5. The coal powder and slag cleaning device for the coal feed port of a coking furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that: The adjustment unit (3) includes: The bracket (301) is configured as a U-shaped structure; The top fixing ring (302) and the bottom fixing ring (303) are respectively fixedly installed at the upper and lower ends of the bracket (301). The top fixing ring (302) is fixedly connected to the straight cylinder outlet section (208), and the bottom fixing ring (303) is fixedly connected to the straight cylinder inlet section (201). The crossbars (304) are arranged in two parallel groups on the side wall of the bracket (301); The guide rod (305) is vertically installed between the two sets of crossbars (304); Cylinder (306) is mounted on the side wall of the bracket (301); The drive block (307) is connected to the output end of the cylinder (306); The first drive rod (308) and the second drive rod (309) are respectively rotatably connected to the drive block (307) at their ends; The first connecting arm (310) and the second connecting arm (311) are slidably sleeved on the guide rod (305) with corresponding upper and lower parts. The first connecting arm (310) is fixedly connected to the diffusion section (207) and the top telescopic joint (206) at the docking point. The second connecting arm (311) is fixedly connected to the contraction section (204) and the bottom telescopic joint (206) at the docking point. The first driving rod (308) is rotatably connected to the first connecting arm (310), and the second driving rod (309) is rotatably connected to the second connecting arm (311). The fixed arm (312) is fixedly connected at one end to the guide rod (305) and at the other end to the throat tube (205).

6. The coal powder and slag cleaning device for the coal feed port of a coking furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first drive rod (308), the second drive rod (309), and the guide rod (305) form a deformable triangular structure, and the included angle between the first drive rod (308) and the guide rod (305) is greater than the included angle between the second drive rod (309) and the guide rod (305).

7. The coal powder and slag cleaning device for the coal feed port of a coking furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: The collection unit (4) includes: A top cover (401) is connected to the straight cylinder outlet section (208) and disposed at the top of the straight cylinder outlet section (208); The housing (402) is connected to the inner cavity of the top cover (401), and a dust collection port is provided at the connection between the housing (402) and the inner cavity of the top cover (401); The first aggregate plate (403) and the second aggregate plate (404) are integrally formed. The first aggregate plate (403) is connected to the side wall of the box body (402). The first aggregate plate (403) and the second aggregate plate (404) are inclined upward in the direction away from the box body (402). The first aggregate plate (403) is inclined at an angle of 28°-34° relative to the horizontal line. The overall positive projection area of ​​the first aggregate plate (403) and the second aggregate plate (404) accounts for 2 / 3-4 / 5 of the positive projection area of ​​the inner cavity of the straight cylinder outlet section (208). The collection compartment (405) is retractable and embedded in the inner cavity of the box body (402); A baffle (406) is rotatably disposed on the side wall of the box (402) and rotatably blocks the outside of the collection chamber (405); An air duct (407) is connected to the top of the housing (402).

8. The coal powder and slag cleaning device for the coal feed port of a coking furnace according to claim 7, characterized in that: The collection unit (4) also includes: A vibration motor (408) is installed on the outer wall of the top cover (401); A vibrating rod (409) is connected to the output end of the vibrating motor (408). The vibrating rod (409) extends into the inner cavity of the top cover (401), and the vibrating rod (409) vibrates in a controlled manner to strike the side wall of the first collection plate (403).

9. The coal powder and slag cleaning device for the coal feed port of a coking furnace according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a support assembly (5), which is disposed at the top of the coking furnace (1) and fixedly connected to the side wall of the cooling unit (2). The support assembly (5) includes: The base frame (501) is configured as a U-shaped frame structure and is fixedly installed on the coking furnace (1); The side frame (502) is fixedly installed on the top of the base frame (501) and fixedly connected to the cooling unit (2); The crossbars (503) are divided into multiple groups and fixedly installed on the front and rear side walls of the side frame (502); The railing (504) is divided into multiple groups and is fixedly installed at equal intervals along the left side wall of the side frame (502); The support component (5) and the housing (402) are located on the same side of the cooling unit (2).

10. The coal powder and slag cleaning device for the coal feed port of a coking furnace according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes a PLC controller (6), which is fixedly installed on the bracket (301) and electrically connected to the cover plate (202), the dust detector (203) and the vibration motor (408) respectively.

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