Low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower structure

Abstract

The application discloses a low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower structure and relates to the technical field of gas purification. The low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower structure comprises an absorption purification tower and two low-temperature methanol conveying systems, and further comprises a cooling assembly, a strengthened desulfurization assembly and a quick-release assembly. When the low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower structure is used, the high-efficiency float valve tray of the strengthened absorption tray is used to quickly remove most of hydrogen sulfide in raw gas, then the raw gas enters the strengthened absorption tray, the low-temperature methanol forms a uniform liquid film through the liquid distribution plate and enters the atomization cavity to be atomized, the micron-level spray orifice plate is used to form superfine mist droplets, the mist droplets are uniformly sprayed to the structured packing part under the constraint of the flow guide atomization cover, the gas-liquid contact area is increased, the mass transfer resistance is reduced, the absorption rate of carbonyl sulfur is increased, finally, the residual trace hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfur are further absorbed and adsorbed through the deep absorption tray, a synergic system of first removing main sulfur, strengthening desulfurization and finally deep fine desulfurization is formed, and the step-by-step desulfurization from rough removal to fine removal is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of gas purification technology, specifically to a low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower structure. Background Technology

[0002] The low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower is a vertical absorption tower specifically designed for gas purification. Its core purification method utilizes methanol at low temperatures to physically absorb impurities in the raw gas, thereby achieving gas purification. It mainly consists of three stages: the pre-washing section at the bottom of the tower, which removes impurities such as ammonia, heavy hydrocarbons, and dust from the raw gas; the desulfurization section, which absorbs and separates sulfides such as hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide to achieve selective desulfurization; and the upper carbon dioxide absorption section, which absorbs a large amount of carbon dioxide while retaining effective gases such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

[0003] In existing technologies, hydrogen sulfide, due to its strong molecular polarity and small Henry's coefficient, has a fast absorption rate in low-temperature methanol, while carbonyl sulfide, due to its weak molecular polarity and much larger Henry's coefficient than hydrogen sulfide, has a slow absorption rate. This results in a significant difference in absorption rates between the two. Although purification towers often use a single type of packing to prolong the gas residence time, the rapid occupation of methanol absorption sites by hydrogen sulfide and the high mass transfer resistance of carbonyl sulfide still easily lead to incomplete dissolution and penetration of carbonyl sulfide into the tower body. This results in excessive total sulfur in the purified gas, reduced gas purification efficiency, and consequently, corrosion of subsequent equipment and increased energy consumption.

[0004] Therefore, we propose a low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower structure to address the problems mentioned in the background section. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower structure to solve the problem mentioned in the background art that, during the desulfurization process, hydrogen sulfide rapidly occupies methanol absorption sites, resulting in a fast absorption rate, while carbonyl sulfide has a large mass transfer resistance and a slow absorption rate, leading to incomplete dissolution and penetration of carbonyl sulfide into the tower body, resulting in excessive total sulfur in the purified gas and reduced gas purification efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower structure, comprising an absorption purification tower and two low-temperature methanol conveying systems, and further comprising: a cooling component, an enhanced desulfurization component, and a quick-release component; The cooling components are provided in three parts, which are used to cool the transported low-temperature methanol to different temperatures. The enhanced desulfurization component includes a high-efficiency floating valve tray for rapidly absorbing and removing hydrogen sulfide from the feed gas. Enhanced absorption plate, used for efficient absorption and removal of carbonyl sulfide from feed gas; Deep absorption discs are used for deep desulfurization, absorbing residual hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide; The enhanced absorption plate comprises, from top to bottom, a pressure equalizing liquid distribution plate, a methanol atomizing component, a micron-sized nozzle plate, a flow guiding atomizing hood, and a structured packing component. The pressure equalizing liquid distribution plate guides the low-temperature methanol to flow evenly into the lower atomizing chamber. The methanol atomizing component atomizes the low-temperature methanol, which then undergoes secondary fine shearing atomization through the micron-sized nozzle plate. The flow guiding atomizing hood guides the micron-sized methanol droplets to evenly cover the structured packing component below, which increases the gas-liquid contact area.

[0007] Preferably, the deep absorption disk includes a disk frame, inside which a first absorption packing layer, a second absorption packing layer, and a third absorption packing layer are sequentially arranged. The third absorption packing layer is a macroporous adsorption layer, using macroporous modified coconut shell activated carbon granules as packing material, for rapidly capturing high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide in the gas. The second absorption packing layer is a mesoporous adsorption layer, using mesoporous modified activated alumina as packing material, for enriching carbonyl sulfide and assisting in the absorption of hydrogen sulfide. The first absorption packing layer is a microporous adsorption layer, using ultra-high specific surface area microporous activated carbon as packing material, for deep capture of residual hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide.

[0008] Preferably, the methanol atomizing component includes an annular frame, multiple piezoelectric ceramic transducers, and multiple curved guide rods. One end of each curved guide rod is fixedly connected to an ultrasonic guide plate, and one end of each piezoelectric ceramic transducer is provided with an ultrasonic guide rod. Each ultrasonic guide rod is connected to the curved guide rod via a quick-release assembly.

[0009] Preferably, the ultrasonic guide plate has multiple ultrasonic ribs fixedly connected to its bottom, and a limiting ring is fixedly installed on the bottom of the outer surface of the ultrasonic guide plate, with the limiting ring in flexible contact with the structured packing component.

[0010] Preferably, the structured packing component includes a fixed frame installed at the bottom edge of the flow guiding atomizing hood, and stainless steel wire mesh packing and a support mesh are installed sequentially inside the fixed frame. An air inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer surface of the absorption and purification tower, and a gas sensor is provided on the outer surface of the air inlet pipe for detecting the concentration of carbonyl sulfide in the raw material gas.

[0011] Preferably, multiple quick-release components are provided, and each quick-release component includes a bent connector. The two ends of the bent connector are respectively threaded with a first threaded sleeve and a second threaded sleeve. The first threaded sleeve and the second threaded sleeve are respectively fixedly installed at the other end of the bent guide rod and one end of the ultrasonic guide rod. A conduction cavity is opened inside the bent connector. A connecting guide rod is fixedly installed inside the conduction cavity, and the two ends of the connecting guide rod are in contact with the end faces of the bent guide rod and the ultrasonic guide rod, respectively.

[0012] Preferably, the enhanced absorption plate further includes a support frame fixedly installed on the inner wall of the absorption and purification tower. The pressure equalization liquid distribution plate, methanol atomizing component, micron-level nozzle plate, flow guiding atomizing hood, and structured packing component are all fixedly installed on the inner wall of the support frame. The annular frame is installed between the pressure equalization liquid distribution plate and the micron-level nozzle plate. A sealed cavity is opened inside the annular frame. The piezoelectric ceramic transducer is installed on the inner wall of the sealed cavity. One end of the ultrasonic guide rod extends movably into the interior of the annular frame, and the other end of the curved guide rod extends movably into the top of the micron-level nozzle plate.

[0013] Preferably, all three cooling components are installed inside the absorption and purification tower. Each cooling component includes a spray element and a temperature regulating component. The spray element includes a spray pipe network. The input end of the spray pipe network is connected to a pressure regulating valve via a flange. The input end of the pressure regulating valve is connected to one of the low-temperature methanol delivery systems via a connecting pipe.

[0014] Preferably, the temperature control component includes a main inlet pipe sleeved on the outer surface of the spray pipe network, multiple inlet branch pipes, and a temperature sensor, wherein the multiple inlet branch pipes are all connected to the main inlet pipe, and the temperature sensor is installed on the outer surface of the absorption and purification tower, with its detection end extending into the interior of the spray pipe network.

[0015] Preferably, one end of each of the plurality of liquid inlet pipes is fixedly connected to a manifold, the outer surface of the manifold is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the absorption and purification tower, the outer surface of the manifold is fixedly connected to a drain pipe, one end of the main liquid inlet pipe is fixedly connected to an injection pipe, and one end of the drain pipe is fixedly extended through to the outer surface of the absorption and purification tower.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: In this invention, the enhanced absorption plate first rapidly removes most of the hydrogen sulfide from the raw gas using a high-efficiency floating valve tray. Then, the gas enters the enhanced absorption plate, where low-temperature methanol forms a uniform liquid film via a pressure equalization distribution plate and enters the atomization chamber. The methanol is atomized by ultrasonic atomization and formed into ultrafine droplets through a micron-level nozzle plate. Under the constraint of a flow-guiding atomization hood, these droplets are uniformly sprayed onto the structured packing components, increasing the gas-liquid contact area, reducing mass transfer resistance, and significantly improving the carbonyl sulfide absorption rate. Finally, the gas passes through a deep absorption plate to further absorb and adsorb residual trace amounts of hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide, achieving deep desulfurization. These three processes form a synergistic system of primary sulfur removal, enhanced desulfurization, and final deep fine desulfurization, realizing a step-by-step desulfurization process from coarse to fine desulfurization.

[0017] 2. When using this invention, the gas sensor detects the concentration of carbonyl sulfide in the raw gas in real time. The control system adjusts the ultrasonic frequency of the piezoelectric ceramic transducer according to the received carbonyl sulfide concentration range. The three work together to automatically increase the ultrasonic frequency and atomization rate when the carbonyl sulfide concentration increases, thereby increasing the mass transfer area and accelerating the mass transfer rate. When the carbonyl sulfide concentration decreases, the ultrasonic frequency and atomization rate are automatically reduced to avoid energy waste caused by excessive atomization, thus achieving precise on-demand control and reducing energy consumption.

[0018] 3. When using this invention, the pressure regulating valves adjust the pressure, the temperature sensor works in conjunction with the heat exchanger, and the control system adjusts the temperature of the corresponding spray pipe network. This ensures that the methanol at the bottom is sprayed at a high temperature and high pressure to the lower high-efficiency floating valve tray, the methanol at the top is sprayed at a low temperature and low pressure to the deep absorption tray, and the methanol in the middle is sprayed at a moderate temperature and pressure to the enhanced absorption tray. By using a gradient heating and gradient pressurization method, the solubility characteristics of sulfur components are adapted to alleviate mass transfer resistance and improve absorption efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower structure according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the enhanced desulfurization component in a low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower structure according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cooling component in a low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower structure according to the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the deep absorption plate in a low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower structure according to the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the enhanced absorption plate in a low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower structure according to the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the unfolded structure of the methanol atomizing component in a low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower according to the present invention. Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the annular frame in the structure of a low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower according to the present invention; Figure 9 In this invention Figure 8 Enlarged view of point A; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic guide plate in a low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower structure according to the present invention. In the picture: 1. Absorption and purification tower; 2. Low-temperature methanol conveying system; 3. Cooling components; 31. Spray components; 3101. Spray pipe network; 3102. Pressure regulating valve; 32. Temperature control components; 3201. Main inlet pipe; 3202. Branch inlet pipe; 3203. Manifold; 3204. Injection pipe; 3205. Drain pipe; 3206. Temperature sensor; 4. Enhanced desulfurization components; 41. High-efficiency floating valve tray; 42. Enhanced absorption tray; 421. Support frame; 422. Pressure equalizing liquid distribution plate; 423. Methanol atomization components; 4231. Annular frame; 4232. Sealing cavity; 4233. Piezoelectric ceramic transducer; 4234. Ultrasonic guide rod; 4 235. Bent guide rod; 4236. Ultrasonic guide plate; 4327. Ultrasonic rib; 4328. Limiting ring; 424. Micron-level nozzle plate; 425. Flow guiding atomizing hood; 426. Structured packing component; 4261. Fixing frame; 4262. Stainless steel wire mesh packing; 4263. Support mesh; 43. Depth absorption plate; 431. Plate frame; 432. First absorption packing layer; 433. Second absorption packing layer; 434. Third absorption packing layer; 5. Air inlet pipe; 6. Gas sensor; 7. Quick release assembly; 701. Bent connector; 702. Conducting cavity; 703. Connecting guide rod; 704. First threaded sleeve; 705. Second threaded sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Please see Figures 1-10 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: A low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower structure includes an absorption purification tower 1 and two low-temperature methanol conveying systems 2, and also includes: a cooling component 3, an enhanced desulfurization component 4 and a quick-release component 7. The cooling component 3 is equipped with three parts, which are used to cool the transported low-temperature methanol to different temperatures; The enhanced desulfurization component 4 includes a high-efficiency floating valve tray 41, which is used to rapidly absorb and remove hydrogen sulfide from the feed gas. Enhanced absorption plate 42 is used for efficient absorption and removal of carbonyl sulfur from raw gas; The deep absorption plate 43 is used for deep desulfurization, absorbing residual hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide; The enhanced absorption plate 42 comprises, from top to bottom, a pressure equalizing liquid distribution plate 422, a methanol atomizing component 423, a micron-level nozzle plate 424, a flow guiding atomizing hood 425, and a structured packing component 426. The pressure equalizing liquid distribution plate 422 is used to guide the low-temperature methanol to flow evenly into the lower atomizing chamber. The methanol atomizing component 423 atomizes the low-temperature methanol, which undergoes secondary fine shearing atomization through the micron-level nozzle plate 424. The flow guiding atomizing hood 425 guides the micron-level methanol droplets to evenly cover the structured packing component 426 below. The structured packing component 426 is used to increase the gas-liquid contact area.

[0022] The deep absorption disk 43 includes a disk frame 431, and the disk frame 431 is provided with a first absorption filler layer 432, a second absorption filler layer 433 and a third absorption filler layer 434 in sequence inside the disk frame 431.

[0023] The methanol atomizing component 423 includes an annular frame 4231, multiple piezoelectric ceramic transducers 4233, and multiple bent guide rods 4235. One end of each bent guide rod 4235 is fixedly connected to an ultrasonic guide plate 4236. One end of each piezoelectric ceramic transducer 4233 is provided with an ultrasonic guide rod 4234. Each ultrasonic guide rod 4234 and the bent guide rod 4235 are connected by a quick-release assembly 7.

[0024] In practical applications, such as Figure 3 As shown, the three cooling components 3 are distributed vertically and vertically with the high-efficiency floating valve tray 41, the enhanced absorption tray 42, and the deep absorption tray 43. The high-efficiency floating valve tray 41, the enhanced absorption tray 42, and the deep absorption tray 43 each correspond to an independent cooling component 3. The high-efficiency floating valve tray 41 features high throughput and high mass transfer efficiency, which can quickly remove most of the hydrogen sulfide from the feed gas, preventing excessive occupation of the absorption sites of low-temperature methanol by hydrogen sulfide and freeing up sufficient effective absorption capacity for the mid-stage carbonyl sulfide absorption.

[0025] The intermediate enhanced absorption plate 42 is the enhanced absorption zone for carbonyl sulfide. PZT-8 piezoelectric ceramic transducers 4233 are installed evenly in 6-8 units along the circumference of the inner wall of the tower to ensure no dead zones. The pressure equalization liquid distribution plate 422 has multiple layers of flow equalization perforated plates and guide spiral blades, allowing low-temperature methanol to form a uniform liquid film that enters the atomization chamber (the hollow cavity of the annular frame 4231). The piezoelectric ceramic transducer 4233 converts electrical energy into 25kHz ultrasonic waves, which are transmitted to the atomization chamber through the ultrasonic guide rod 4234. The methanol is broken into primary micron-sized droplets, completing the first micro-interface enhancement. High-density micron-sized nozzles with a diameter of 50-120 μm are machined on the surface of the micron-sized nozzle plate 424. The atomized methanol droplets are subjected to secondary fine shearing and atomization to form uniform droplets of 5-10 μm. Under the constraint of the flow guiding atomizing hood 425, the micron-sized atomized methanol uniformly covers the structured packing component 426, which greatly increases the gas-liquid contact area, reduces the gas phase mass transfer resistance of carbonyl sulfide, accelerates the diffusion and dissolution rate of carbonyl sulfide, and thus greatly improves the absorption rate of carbonyl sulfide.

[0026] Finally, the sample passes through the deep absorption plate 43, which has a composite absorption and adsorption packing structure to further absorb and adsorb residual trace amounts of hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfur, thereby achieving deep desulfurization.

[0027] The enhanced desulfurization component 4 adopts a segmented synergistic design. The lower section rapidly removes most of the hydrogen sulfide, providing sufficient absorption capacity and mass transfer space for the enhanced carbonyl sulfur absorption in the middle section. The middle section significantly improves the carbonyl sulfur absorption rate by increasing the gas-liquid contact area and enhancing mass transfer. The upper section utilizes the synergistic effect of adsorption and absorption to deeply capture trace sulfur components, ensuring that the purified gas meets the standards. The three components form a synergistic system of first removing the main sulfur, then enhancing desulfurization, and finally performing deep fine desulfurization. This achieves a step-by-step desulfurization process from coarse to fine desulfurization, solving the problems of incomplete carbonyl sulfur absorption and penetration into the tower.

[0028] See Figure 5 As shown, the third absorbent layer 434 is a macroporous adsorption layer, using macroporous modified coconut shell activated carbon granules to rapidly capture high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide in the gas. The second absorbent layer 433 is a mesoporous adsorption layer, using mesoporous modified activated alumina to enrich carbonyl sulfide and assist in the absorption of hydrogen sulfide. The first absorbent layer 432 is a microporous adsorption layer, using ultra-high specific surface area microporous activated carbon to deeply capture residual hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide.

[0029] It should also be noted that the third absorbent layer 434 uses macroporous modified coconut shell activated carbon particles to rapidly adsorb hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide. The second absorbent layer 433 uses mesoporous modified activated alumina, which allows carbonyl sulfide molecules to diffuse and accumulate rapidly, forming a local high concentration, thus buffering the next step of deep microporous adsorption and assisting in the absorption of hydrogen sulfide. Finally, the first absorbent layer 432 uses ultra-high specific surface area microporous activated carbon to deeply capture residual micron-sized hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide, achieving ultimate fine removal. The three layers work together to achieve a gradient adsorption and absorption, and step-by-step fine removal structure, synergistically enhancing the desulfurization effect without interfering with each other, thus improving the desulfurization stability.

[0030] See Figure 10 As shown, the ultrasonic guide plate 4236 has multiple ultrasonic ribs 4327 fixedly connected to its bottom. A limiting ring 4328 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the outer surface of the ultrasonic guide plate 4236, and the limiting ring 4328 is in flexible contact with the structured packing component 426.

[0031] It should also be noted that while the ultrasonic guide rod 4234 atomizes methanol, it transmits ultrasonic waves to the curved guide rod 4235 and the ultrasonic guide plate 4236 via the connecting guide rod 703. Then, the ultrasonic waves are transmitted to the support mesh 4263 and the stainless steel wire mesh packing 4262 via the ultrasonic ribs 4327. This causes the structured packing component 426 to generate high-frequency micro-amplitude vibrations, resulting in continuous high-frequency vibration and renewal of the liquid film. This significantly reduces the thickness of the liquid film, lowers the mass transfer resistance of carbonyl sulfide, and significantly improves the absorption rate of carbonyl sulfide. The locating ring 4328 maintains flexible contact with the structured packing component 426 to prevent excessive vibration and damage to the structured packing component 426. The ultrasonic ribs 4327 are radially distributed, which helps to enhance ultrasonic wave transmission.

[0032] See Figures 1-2 and Figure 7 As shown, the structured packing component 426 includes a fixed frame 4261 installed on the bottom edge of the flow guiding atomizing hood 425. Stainless steel wire mesh packing 4262 and support mesh 4263 are installed sequentially inside the fixed frame 4261. An air inlet pipe 5 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer surface of the absorption and purification tower 1. A gas sensor 6 is installed on the outer surface of the air inlet pipe 5, which is used to detect the concentration of carbonyl sulfur in the raw material gas.

[0033] It should also be noted that the cryogenic methanol delivery system 2, pressure regulating valve 3102, temperature sensor 3206, piezoelectric ceramic transducer 4233, and gas sensor 6 are all electrically connected to the control system. The raw material gas is delivered to the absorption and purification tower 1 through the liquid inlet pipe 5 and flows from bottom to top for gas purification. The gas sensor 6 is an online Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy sensor, which can accurately detect the concentration range of carbonyl sulfide in the raw material gas and transmit the detection data to the control system for identification and analysis. The ultrasonic frequency of the piezoelectric ceramic transducer 4233 is adjusted according to the carbonyl sulfide concentration, as detailed below: S1. The threshold range of carbonyl sulfide concentration and the corresponding ultrasonic frequency are set in advance in the control system. When the carbonyl sulfide concentration in the raw gas is detected to be 100-300ppm, it is determined to be low concentration. The control system triggers the piezoelectric ceramic transducer 4233 to generate ultrasonic waves of 20-22kHz. At this time, the methanol atomization rate is 85%-90% and the atomized droplet particle size is 8-10μm. S2. When the carbonyl sulfur concentration is detected to be 300-600ppm, it is determined to be a medium concentration, which is a normal operating condition. The control system triggers the piezoelectric ceramic transducer 4233 to generate ultrasonic waves of 23-27kHz (preferably 25kHz). The methanol atomization rate is 90%-95%, and the atomized droplet particle size is 5-8μm. S3. When the carbonyl sulfur concentration is detected to be 600-800ppm, it is determined to be a high concentration. The piezoelectric ceramic transducer 4233 generates ultrasonic waves of 28-30kHz, the methanol atomization rate is 95%-98%, and the atomized droplet particle size is 5-6μm.

[0034] The piezoelectric ceramic transducer 4233, gas sensor 6, and control system work together to automatically increase the ultrasonic frequency and atomization rate when the carbonyl sulfur concentration increases, thereby increasing the mass transfer area and accelerating the mass transfer rate. When the carbonyl sulfur concentration decreases, the ultrasonic frequency and atomization rate are automatically reduced, eliminating the need for excessive atomization efficiency and avoiding energy waste caused by excessive atomization. This achieves precise on-demand control, improves the carbonyl sulfur absorption efficiency, and ensures that the total sulfur in the purified gas meets the standards.

[0035] See Figure 7 and Figures 9-10 As shown, multiple quick-release components 7 are provided. Each quick-release component 7 includes a bent connector 701. The two ends of the bent connector 701 are respectively threaded with a first threaded sleeve 704 and a second threaded sleeve 705. The first threaded sleeve 704 and the second threaded sleeve 705 are respectively fixedly installed at the other end of the bent guide rod 4235 and one end of the ultrasonic guide rod 4234. A conduction cavity 702 is opened inside the bent connector 701. A connecting guide rod 703 is fixedly installed inside the conduction cavity 702. The two ends of the connecting guide rod 703 are in contact with the end faces of the bent guide rod 4235 and the ultrasonic guide rod 4234, respectively.

[0036] It should also be noted that the ultrasonic guide rod 4234 is connected to the bent guide rod 4235 through the threaded connection of the bent joint 701, the first threaded sleeve 704, and the second threaded sleeve 705. The ultrasonic waves are further transmitted to the bent guide rod 4235 through the connecting guide rod 703, which facilitates the subsequent transmission to the structured packing component 426, thereby driving the stainless steel wire mesh packing 4262 to vibrate ultrasonically.

[0037] See Figures 6-8 As shown, the enhanced absorption plate 42 also includes a support frame 421 fixedly installed on the inner wall of the absorption and purification tower 1. The pressure equalization liquid distribution plate 422, methanol atomizing component 423, micron-level nozzle plate 424, flow guiding atomizing hood 425 and structured packing component 426 are all fixedly installed on the inner wall of the support frame 421. The annular frame 4231 is installed between the pressure equalization liquid distribution plate 422 and the micron-level nozzle plate 424. A sealing cavity 4232 is opened inside the annular frame 4231. The piezoelectric ceramic transducer 4233 is installed on the inner wall of the sealing cavity 4232. One end of the ultrasonic guide rod 4234 moves through the interior of the annular frame 4231, and the other end of the curved guide rod 4235 moves through the top of the micron-level nozzle plate 424.

[0038] It should also be noted that the annular frame 4231 is located between the pressure equalization liquid distribution plate 422 and the micron-level nozzle plate 424, so that the low-temperature methanol is first guided by the pressure equalization liquid distribution plate 422 and flows into the atomization chamber in a uniform and thin layer to form a stable liquid film, creating conditions for ultrasonic atomization. Then, after ultrasonic atomization by the annular frame 4231, it forms atomized droplets. Finally, it is atomized more finely by passing through the micron-level nozzle plate 424 to form micron-level atomized droplets, thereby improving the absorption efficiency of carbonyl sulfide.

[0039] See Figure 4 As shown, all three cooling components 3 are installed inside the absorption and purification tower 1. Each cooling component 3 includes a spray element 31 and a temperature regulating component 32. The spray element 31 includes a spray pipe network 3101. The input end of the spray pipe network 3101 is connected to a pressure regulating valve 3102 via a flange. The input end of the pressure regulating valve 3102 is connected to one of the low-temperature methanol delivery systems 2 via a connecting pipe. The temperature regulating component 32 includes a main liquid inlet pipe 3201 sleeved on the outer surface of the spray pipe network 3101, multiple liquid inlet branch pipes 3202, and a temperature sensor 3206. The multiple liquid inlet branch pipes 3202 are all connected to the main liquid inlet pipe 3201. The temperature sensor 3206 is installed on the outer surface of the absorption and purification tower 1, and its detection end extends into the interior of the spray pipe network 3101.

[0040] It should also be noted that the three spray pipe networks 3101 are connected to one of the low-temperature methanol delivery systems 2 via corresponding pressure regulating valves 3102 and connecting pipes. The low-temperature methanol delivery system 2 delivers low-temperature methanol to the three spray pipe networks 3101 respectively. The pressure regulating valves 3102 are of model ZJHP-16P, which regulate the pressure of the corresponding spray pipe network 3101. Following a bottom-up sequence, the low-temperature methanol at the bottom is maintained at a pressure of 5.0-5.2 MPa, the middle at 4.8-5.0 MPa, and the top at 4.5-4.8 MPa. This gradient pressure increase (from top to bottom) corresponds to different stages of desulfurization, which helps to further improve the desulfurization effect.

[0041] Temperature sensor 3206 is a PT100 armored resistance thermometer (WZPK-231 model). The input end of injection pipe 3204 is connected to the heat exchanger via a pipeline. Three temperature sensors 3206 respectively detect the temperature of the low-temperature methanol in the three spray pipe networks 3101. The control system triggers three independent heat exchangers based on the temperature data, delivering refrigerant at different flow rates to the corresponding temperature control components 32. The low-temperature methanol at the bottom is cooled to -45℃ to -48℃ (the initial temperature of the low-temperature methanol is -40℃ to -42℃) through heat exchange and sprayed onto the lower high-efficiency floating valve tray 41. This achieves efficient absorption of hydrogen sulfide without excessive cooling, reducing cold energy waste. The low-temperature methanol in the middle section is cooled to -50℃ to -52℃ and sprayed onto the middle enhanced absorption tray 42. The methanol in the upper layer is cooled to -53℃ to -55℃ and sprayed onto the upper deep absorption tray 43. A combination of gradient heating (from top to bottom) and gradient pressurization is employed to adapt to the solubility characteristics of sulfur components and improve absorption efficiency: methanol at the high-efficiency floating valve tray 41 (temperature -45℃ to 48℃, pressure 5.0 to 5.2 MPa) is rapidly removed using high pressure and high solubility; methanol at the enhanced absorption tray 42 (temperature -50℃ to 52℃, pressure 4.8 to 5.0 MPa) utilizes low-temperature enhanced carbonyl sulfur dissolution; and methanol at the deep absorption tray 43 (temperature -53℃ to 55℃, pressure 4.5 to 4.8 MPa) captures trace amounts of sulfur through ultra-low temperature deep extraction.

[0042] See Figure 4 As shown, one end of each of the multiple liquid inlet pipes 3202 is fixedly connected to a manifold 3203. The outer surface of the manifold 3203 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the absorption and purification tower 1. A drain pipe 3205 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the manifold 3203. One end of the main liquid inlet pipe 3201 is fixedly connected to an injection pipe 3204. One end of the drain pipe 3205 is fixedly extended through to the outer surface of the absorption and purification tower 1.

[0043] It should also be noted that the injection pipe 3204 injects the refrigerant, and the refrigerant in the main inlet pipe 3201 is distributed to each inlet branch pipe 3202, and finally merges into the manifold 3203 and is discharged through the drain pipe 3205. By using refrigerants of different flow rates and temperatures to cool the three spray pipe networks 3101 at different rates, the low-temperature methanol can be cooled at different rates, thus achieving better desulfurization treatment and improving gas purification efficiency.

[0044] Please see Figures 1-10 As shown, the overall mechanism achieves the following effect and works as follows: three pressure regulating valves 3102 respectively regulate the pressure of the corresponding spray pipe network 3101, and temperature sensors 3206 respectively detect the temperature of the low-temperature methanol. In conjunction with the control system and heat exchanger, the temperature of the corresponding spray pipe network 3101 is adjusted. The bottom methanol is sprayed at high temperature and high pressure onto the lower high-efficiency floating valve tray 41, the top methanol is sprayed at low temperature and low pressure onto the deep absorption tray 43, and the middle methanol is sprayed at moderate temperature and pressure onto the enhanced absorption tray 42. During the desulfurization process, the raw gas first passes through the high-efficiency floating valve tray 41 to quickly remove most of the hydrogen sulfide. Then it enters the enhanced absorption tray 42, where ultrasonic atomization enhances mass transfer to significantly increase the carbonyl sulfide absorption rate. Finally, it passes through the deep absorption tray 43 to further absorb and adsorb residual trace amounts of hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide, achieving deep desulfurization. Gas sensor 6 detects the concentration range of carbonyl sulfide in the raw gas in real time and transmits the detection data to the control system for identification and analysis. Based on the carbonyl sulfide concentration, the ultrasonic frequency of piezoelectric ceramic transducer 4233 is adjusted to precisely control the carbonyl sulfide absorption efficiency.

[0045] Among them, the absorption and purification tower 1, the low-temperature methanol conveying system 2, the pressure regulating valve 3102, the temperature sensor 3206, the piezoelectric ceramic transducer 4233 and the gas sensor 6 are all existing technologies, and their components and operating principles are all publicly available technologies, so they will not be explained in detail here.

[0046] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower structure, comprising an absorption purification tower (1) and two low-temperature methanol conveying systems (2), characterized in that: Also includes: Cooling component (3), enhanced desulfurization component (4) and quick-release component (7); The cooling components (3) are provided in three parts, which are used to cool the transported low-temperature methanol at different temperatures; The enhanced desulfurization component (4) includes a high-efficiency floating valve tray (41) for rapidly absorbing and removing hydrogen sulfide from the feed gas; Enhanced absorption plate (42) is used for efficient absorption and removal of carbonyl sulfur from raw gas; Deep absorption disk (43) is used for deep desulfurization to absorb residual hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide; The enhanced absorption plate (42) includes, from top to bottom, a pressure equalizing liquid distribution plate (422), a methanol atomizing component (423), a micron-level nozzle plate (424), a flow guiding atomizing hood (425), and a structured packing component (426). The pressure equalizing liquid distribution plate (422) is used to guide the low-temperature methanol to flow evenly into the lower atomizing chamber. The methanol atomizing component (423) atomizes the low-temperature methanol and performs secondary fine shearing atomization through the micron-level nozzle plate (424). The flow guiding atomizing hood (425) guides the micron-level methanol droplets to evenly cover the structured packing component (426) below. The structured packing component (426) is used to increase the gas-liquid contact area.

2. The structure of the low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deep absorption disk (43) includes a disk frame (431). Inside the disk frame (431), a first absorption packing layer (432), a second absorption packing layer (433), and a third absorption packing layer (434) are arranged in sequence. The third absorption packing layer (434) is a macroporous adsorption layer, which uses macroporous modified coconut shell activated carbon granules to rapidly capture high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide in the gas. The second absorption packing layer (433) is a mesoporous adsorption layer, which uses mesoporous modified activated alumina to enrich carbonyl sulfide and assist in the absorption of hydrogen sulfide. The first absorption packing layer (432) is a microporous adsorption layer, which uses ultra-high specific surface area microporous activated carbon to deeply capture residual hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide.

3. The structure of the low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower according to claim 2, characterized in that: The methanol atomizing component (423) includes an annular frame (4231), multiple piezoelectric ceramic transducers (4233), and multiple curved guide rods (4235). One end of each curved guide rod (4235) is fixedly connected to an ultrasonic guide plate (4236), and one end of each piezoelectric ceramic transducer (4233) is provided with an ultrasonic guide rod (4234). Each ultrasonic guide rod (4234) and the curved guide rod (4235) are connected by a quick-release assembly (7).

4. The low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ultrasonic guide plate (4236) has multiple ultrasonic ribs (4327) fixedly connected to its bottom. A limiting ring (4328) is fixedly installed on the bottom of the outer surface of the ultrasonic guide plate (4236), and the limiting ring (4328) is in flexible contact with the structured packing component (426).

5. The structure of the low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower according to claim 4, characterized in that: The structured packing component (426) includes a fixed frame (4261) installed on the bottom edge of the flow guide atomizing hood (425). Stainless steel wire mesh packing (4262) and support mesh (4263) are installed in sequence inside the fixed frame (4261). An air inlet pipe (5) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer surface of the absorption and purification tower (1). A gas sensor (6) is provided on the outer surface of the air inlet pipe (5) for detecting the concentration of carbonyl sulfur in the raw material gas.

6. The structure of the low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower according to claim 5, characterized in that: The quick-release assembly (7) is provided in multiple ways. Each quick-release assembly (7) includes a bent connector (701). The two ends of the bent connector (701) are respectively threaded with a first threaded sleeve (704) and a second threaded sleeve (705). The first threaded sleeve (704) and the second threaded sleeve (705) are respectively fixedly installed at the other end of the bent guide rod (4235) and one end of the ultrasonic guide rod (4234). The bent connector (701) has a conduction cavity (702) inside. A connecting guide rod (703) is fixedly installed inside the conduction cavity (702). The two ends of the connecting guide rod (703) are in contact with the end faces of the bent guide rod (4235) and the ultrasonic guide rod (4234) respectively.

7. The structure of the low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower according to claim 6, characterized in that: The enhanced absorption plate (42) also includes a support frame (421) fixedly installed on the inner wall of the absorption and purification tower (1). The pressure equalization liquid distribution plate (422), methanol atomizing component (423), micron-level nozzle plate (424), flow guiding atomizing hood (425) and structured packing component (426) are all fixedly installed on the inner wall of the support frame (421). The annular frame (4231) is installed between the pressure equalization liquid distribution plate (422) and the micron-level nozzle plate (424). A sealing cavity (4232) is opened inside the annular frame (4231). The piezoelectric ceramic transducer (4233) is installed on the inner wall of the sealing cavity (4232). One end of the ultrasonic guide rod (4234) moves through the interior of the annular frame (4231), and the other end of the curved guide rod (4235) moves through the top of the micron-level nozzle plate (424).

8. The structure of the low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower according to claim 7, characterized in that: All three cooling components (3) are installed inside the absorption and purification tower (1). Each cooling component (3) includes a spray element (31) and a temperature regulating component (32). The spray element (31) includes a spray pipe network (3101). The input end of the spray pipe network (3101) is connected to a pressure regulating valve (3102) via a flange. The input end of the pressure regulating valve (3102) is connected to one of the low-temperature methanol delivery systems (2) via a connecting pipe.

9. The structure of the low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower according to claim 8, characterized in that: The temperature control component (32) includes a main inlet pipe (3201) sleeved on the outer surface of the spray pipe network (3101), multiple inlet branch pipes (3202) and a temperature sensor (3206), and the multiple inlet branch pipes (3202) are all connected to the main inlet pipe (3201). The temperature sensor (3206) is installed on the outer surface of the absorption and purification tower (1), and its detection end extends into the interior of the spray pipe network (3101).

10. The structure of the low-temperature methanol washing gas purification tower according to claim 9, characterized in that: One end of each of the multiple liquid inlet pipes (3202) is fixedly connected to a manifold (3203). The outer surface of the manifold (3203) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the absorption and purification tower (1). The outer surface of the manifold (3203) is fixedly connected to a drain pipe (3205). One end of the main liquid inlet pipe (3201) is fixedly connected to an injection pipe (3204). One end of the drain pipe (3205) is fixedly extended through to the outer surface of the absorption and purification tower (1).

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