A shredder and a shredding method and upper tooth plate assembly thereof

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of hammer mill, and particularly relates to a hammer mill, a hammering method and an upper tooth plate assembly. The hammer mill comprises a tooth plate base, a plurality of long teeth and an upper tooth plate adjusting mechanism. The tooth plate base is arranged on the upper part of the inner cavity of a hammering chamber and comprises a tooth plate base body in the shape of a circular arc. The center of the circular arc of the tooth plate base body is concentrically arranged with the center of rotation of the rotor component of the hammer mill. The plurality of long teeth are fixedly arranged on the inner arc surface of the tooth plate base body and can be fixed on the tooth plate base body by welding. The upper tooth plate adjusting mechanism is connected with the tooth plate base and used for adjusting the gap between the long teeth and the rotor component. The long teeth actively participate in the impact, rebound and shearing before the material enters the circulating layer, so that the coarse particles are refined in advance and the probability of screen surface blockage is reduced. The present application solves the problems of insufficient fineness and uniformity and low productivity of the conventional hammer mill in the processing of pet food and human food, and meets the needs of high-end and fine production of the industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of hammer mill crushing equipment, specifically relating to a crusher and its crushing method and an upper toothed plate assembly. Background Technology

[0002] With the high-quality development of my country's pet economy, food processing, and livestock and aquatic feed industries, the end-market's requirements for product nutritional precision, palatability, food safety, and production compliance are continuously upgrading. As a core pre-processing step in the production of pet food, human food, and feed, the grinding process directly determines the raw material utilization rate, product nutrient digestibility and absorption rate, and the production stability of subsequent key processes such as mixing, granulation, and extrusion. Hammer mills, with their advantages of simple structure, strong versatility, large processing capacity, and convenient maintenance, have become the mainstream core equipment in the grinding sections of these industries.

[0003] However, existing conventional hammer mills suffer from numerous insurmountable technical shortcomings when adapting to the high-end, refined production needs of the pet food, food, and feed industries. In particular, they suffer from insufficient fineness and uniformity in grinding, and low production capacity. During operation, traditional equipment easily forms a material circulation layer within the grinding chamber, causing large particles to adhere to the screen and clog the screen holes. Qualified fine material cannot be discharged in time, resulting in repeated over-grinding. Simultaneously, coarse particles are not effectively broken down, leading to a wide particle size distribution and poor uniformity in the finished product. This fails to meet the stringent requirements of narrow-distribution, precise particle size in pet food and specialty aquatic feed, directly impacting the product's nutrient digestibility and absorption rate. Conventional mills also have very low production capacity for grinding high-moisture fresh meat, high-fiber, and high-fat raw materials. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems of insufficient fineness and uniformity of grinding and low production capacity of existing conventional grinders in the processing of pet food and human food, and to meet the industry's demand for high-end and refined production, this invention provides a grinder, its grinding method, and an upper toothed plate assembly.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The first objective of this invention is to provide an upper toothed plate assembly for a crusher, comprising a toothed plate seat, a plurality of elongated teeth, and an upper toothed plate adjustment mechanism; wherein: The toothed plate seat is located in the upper part of the inner cavity of the crushing chamber and includes an arc-shaped toothed plate base; the arc center of the toothed plate base is concentric with the rotation center of the rotor component of the crusher; a number of elongated teeth are fixedly arranged on the inner arc surface of the toothed plate base, which can be fixed to the toothed plate base by welding; the upper toothed plate adjustment mechanism is connected to the toothed plate seat and is used to adjust the gap between the elongated teeth and the rotor component.

[0006] The above scheme uses a concentrically arranged arc-shaped toothed plate base and rotor components to ensure that the gap between the elongated teeth and the rotating hammer ring remains consistent in the circumferential direction, thus ensuring uniform crushing during pre-crushing. The elongated teeth actively participate in impact, rebound, and shearing before the material enters the circulation layer, refining coarse particles in advance, reducing the probability of screen blockage, allowing qualified fine materials to be discharged smoothly, and improving the uniformity of finished product particle size. The upper toothed plate adjustment mechanism can adjust the gap between the elongated teeth and the rotor, and can adjust the pre-crushing intensity according to the material characteristics (such as high moisture, high fiber, high oil), significantly improving the equipment's capacity.

[0007] Furthermore, each long tooth is arranged along the axial direction of the rotor component, and several long teeth are evenly arranged in an arc shape, so that the impact force on the material at each position along the axial and circumferential directions during the pre-crushing process is uniform.

[0008] Furthermore, the toothed plate seat also includes a vertical plate and an inclined plate. The surface of the vertical plate is parallel to the feeding direction of the feed inlet of the crushing chamber to ensure smooth feeding. The vertical plate, the toothed plate base and the inclined plate are connected end to end to form a triangular frame, forming a triangular support structure. The structure is stable, not easily deformed, and has an extended service life.

[0009] Furthermore, the upper gear plate adjustment mechanism includes: an inclined wall, an upper adjusting plate, a lower adjusting plate, an upper stud, a lower stud, an ear plate, and an upper gear plate adjusting bolt, wherein: An inclined wall is located below the feed inlet of the crusher, and its lower surface is in contact with the inclined straight plate. An oblong hole is provided on the inclined wall. An upper adjusting plate is located on the upper surface of the inclined wall and is in contact with it. A lower adjusting plate is located below the inclined wall and is in contact with the inclined straight plate. An oblong hole is provided on the lower adjusting plate. An upper stud and a lower stud are respectively fixed to the inclined straight plate. The upper stud passes through the oblong hole of the inclined wall and the through hole of the upper adjusting plate in sequence and is locked with a nut. The lower stud passes through the oblong hole of the lower adjusting plate and is locked with a nut. The ear plate includes a first ear plate disposed on the upper adjusting plate, a second ear plate disposed on the inclined wall, and a third ear plate disposed on the lower adjusting plate; the upper tooth plate adjusting bolt passes through the first ear plate, the second ear plate, and the third ear plate in sequence, and the outer sides of the second ear plate and the third ear plate are respectively provided with nuts that cooperate with the upper tooth plate adjusting bolt; by turning the upper tooth plate adjusting bolt, the upper adjusting plate and the lower adjusting plate are moved relative to each other to adjust the gap between the elongated tooth and the rotor component, thereby improving the pre-crushing efficiency.

[0010] Using the above solution, the inclined wall can be integrally formed with the casing, reducing the number of parts and assembly steps. This structure enables precise and convenient adjustment of the gap between the elongated teeth and the rotor, while the assembly and adjustment process is simple to operate and reliable in positioning.

[0011] (1) During assembly: First, connect the lower adjusting plate and the inclined straight plate into one piece using the lower stud and nut. The waist-shaped hole of the lower adjusting plate provides displacement adjustment space for both. Then, determine the relative position between the upper and lower adjusting plates. The upper toothed plate adjusting bolt passes through the first ear plate, the second ear plate and the third ear plate in sequence and is locked with nuts. The first ear plate is used to limit the head of the upper toothed plate adjusting bolt. The two nuts abut against the outer sides of the second and third ear plates respectively, so that a stable pre-position is formed between the upper and lower adjusting plates. Finally, the upper adjusting plate and the toothed plate seat (slanted straight plate) are fixed to the upper and lower surfaces of the inclined wall by using the upper studs and nuts.

[0012] (2) During adjustment: Simply loosen the nuts of the upper stud and the upper toothed plate adjusting bolt, and then adjust the position of the upper toothed plate adjusting bolt to make the vertical plate move in the vertical direction (at the same time, the inclined plate of the toothed plate seat moves along the lower surface of the inclined wall), and the gap between the long tooth and the hammer blade rotating ring can be adjusted. The waist-shaped hole of the inclined wall provides displacement space for the adjustment of the upper toothed plate assembly.

[0013] The second objective of this invention is to provide a pulverizer, comprising a base, a pulverizing chamber and a drive motor respectively disposed on the base, a rotor assembly disposed within the pulverizing chamber, two sets of upper toothed plate assemblies, and two arc-shaped screens; the drive motor is located beside the pulverizing chamber and is used to drive the rotor assembly; the two sets of upper toothed plate assemblies are symmetrically disposed on the upper parts of both sides of the inner cavity of the pulverizing chamber, and the two arc-shaped screens are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rotor assembly, with each screen located below the corresponding upper toothed plate assembly.

[0014] In the above scheme, the crushing chamber is the core area for material crushing. When the material enters the crushing chamber, it is first struck by the hammers of the rotor component to the upper toothed plate assembly for pre-crushing. Since the toothed plate base of the upper toothed plate assembly is arc-shaped and concentrically set with the rotor component, the material can improve the crushing efficiency by being hit and rebounded multiple times by the long teeth during the pre-crushing process. The pre-crushed material is thrown to the screen plate below to form a circulating layer for further crushing.

[0015] Furthermore, the material of the elongated teeth is a wear-resistant food-grade contact material, such as carburized 45 steel, NM400, NM500, etc.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a bottom toothed plate, which is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the crushing chamber. When the pre-crushed material is thrown downwards onto the screen to form a circulating layer, it impacts the bottom toothed plate again, and the bottom toothed plate provides a secondary crushing effect.

[0017] Furthermore, the sieve plate has fish-scale sieve holes with concave openings. The sieve plate is heat-treated, and the fish-scale sieve holes have a large opening ratio, which is conducive to the timely discharge of qualified fine materials from the sieve plate, reducing the phenomenon of "over-grinding", improving grinding efficiency, and reducing the phenomenon of sieve clogging and "screwing" caused by high-moisture fresh meat, high-fiber, and high-oil raw materials.

[0018] Furthermore, it also includes two screen support plates and two screen pressing mechanisms; the two screen support plates are respectively arranged at both ends of the crushing chamber along the axial direction of the drive motor and are connected to the side plate of the machine housing by bolts. Each screen support plate is provided with a support part for supporting the ends of two screen plates; the two screen pressing mechanisms are respectively matched with the two screen plates and are used to press each screen plate onto the support part of the corresponding side screen support plate.

[0019] Thus, the two screen plates are pressed tightly against both sides of the screen support plate in the crushing chamber by the screen pressing mechanism, arranged symmetrically to form a circular screening surface, and this circular screening surface is concentrically set with the rotor component. The screen plates are stably supported at both ends of the axial direction by the support part of the screen support plate, and the screen pressing mechanism makes the screen plates fit tightly with the screen support plate to prevent material leakage, thus ensuring the uniformity of the particle size width of the crushed material.

[0020] Furthermore, since the surface of the screen plate is frequently in contact with and abraded by the material when it enters the crushing chamber, the screen plate is made of wear-resistant food-grade contact material (such as carburized 45 steel, NM400, NM500, etc.), and the surface of the screen plate in contact with the material needs to be polished, with a smooth surface and no primer.

[0021] Furthermore, each screen pressing mechanism includes: a screen pressing frame, a chain, and a pressing handle; wherein: The screen pressing frame is an arc-shaped frame, located on the outside of the screen plates on the corresponding side; chains are arranged in pairs on both sides of the screen pressing frame, acting on both ends of the screen plates to press the screen plates tightly onto the corresponding screen support plates; the pressing handle is used to lock the screen pressing frame onto the casing of the crushing chamber.

[0022] The screen pressing frame is the main body of the screen pressing mechanism. It has an arc-shaped frame that matches the arc shape of the screen plates, forming a uniform pressing force on the screen plates from the outside. The surface of the screen pressing frame is polished and smooth without primer to reduce material accumulation.

[0023] The chain, composed of several links, is a long chain located on both sides of the screen frame. A chain adjustment mechanism evenly presses both sides of the screen plates onto the screen support plates of the machine casing. Because the chain is a flexible structure, the screen plates are subjected to uniform pressure pointing towards the center of the rotor components, preventing material leakage and ensuring the uniformity of the particle size width of the crushed material.

[0024] Furthermore, a screen plate pressure plate is provided between the screen plate and the screen pressing frame. The screen plate pressure plate has a hollow structure and serves as a buffer structure between the screen pressing frame and the screen plate.

[0025] Furthermore, the screen pressing frame includes an arc-shaped upper frame and an arc-shaped lower frame, with the upper frame and the lower frame hinged together. During assembly, the lower frame can swing relative to the upper frame, reducing assembly difficulty.

[0026] Furthermore, the screen pressing mechanism also includes a chain adjustment mechanism to adjust the pressing force of the chain on the screen plate, so as to avoid material leakage due to chain slack or screen plate deformation due to excessive pressing force.

[0027] Furthermore, the chain adjustment mechanism includes: a mounting plate, mounting ears, and chain adjustment bolts; wherein: The mounting plate is located on the upper part of the corresponding screen pressing frame; the mounting ears include a first mounting ear and a second mounting ear, which are respectively fixedly connected to the mounting plate and the upper frame of the screen pressing frame; the chain adjusting bolt passes through the first mounting ear and the second mounting ear in sequence and is locked by a nut; turning the chain adjusting bolt drives the mounting plate and the screen pressing frame to move relative to each other, so as to adjust the pressing force of the chain on the screen plate.

[0028] When adjusting the chain adjustment mechanism, with the clamping handle locked, loosen the nut on the chain adjustment bolt, adjust the position of the chain adjustment bolt, change the relative distance between the mounting plate and the upper frame of the screen press, and then tighten the nut on the chain adjustment bolt to tighten or loosen the chain, thereby adjusting the clamping force between the chain and the screen plate.

[0029] During chain adjustment, the hinged structure of the upper and lower frames can adaptively adjust the angle between them to facilitate chain tension adjustment, while ensuring that the screen pressing frame always presses the screen plate firmly.

[0030] Furthermore, the clamping handle is mounted on the mounting plate, and the casing of the crushing chamber is provided with a fixing block that engages with the locking mechanism of the clamping handle.

[0031] Furthermore, the clamping handle includes a base, a pin, a handle, and a latch. The base is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate, and the head of the handle is connected to the base; the pin passes through the handle, and both ends of the pin extend out from both sides of the handle; the latch is U-shaped, and its two arms at the open end pass through the two protruding parts of the pin respectively, and can slide relative to the pin.

[0032] Each arm of the latch is fitted with a spring, and each arm has external threads, which are threaded to a first locking nut and a second locking nut. Along the extension direction of the arm, the two locking nuts are located on both sides of the corresponding protruding part of the pin. The first locking nut abuts against the outer wall of the pin, and the second locking nut is located at the end of the arm. The spring is compressed between the second locking nut and the outer wall of the pin.

[0033] During adjustment, the first locking nut is rotated to adjust the extension distance of the latch relative to the pin; the second locking nut is rotated to change the compression of the spring, thereby adjusting the clamping force of the clamping handle.

[0034] Furthermore, the drive motor is connected to the rotor assembly via a flexible coupling. The crusher adopts a direct drive method, and the flexible coupling has impact resistance and vibration reduction characteristics, improving the overall safety of the equipment.

[0035] Furthermore, the flexible coupling is a tire coupling. The drive motor is designed with a frequency of 60Hz, so the linear speed of the hammer blades is higher compared with ordinary hammer mills. The drive motor and the rotor are flexibly connected through the tire coupling, reducing vibration caused by misalignment during operation.

[0036] Furthermore, the rotor assembly is housed within the grinding chamber and mounted on the base via bearing seats. The drive motor employs a 60Hz frequency design, ensuring the rotor assembly's linear velocity is within a high and suitable range, resulting in high output and good grinding fineness. The rotor assembly includes a main shaft, hammer holder plate, hammer pins, spacers, locking spacers, and hammers, wherein: (1) The spindle is the core support and force transmission part of the rotor component. Its material is a food-grade contact material with high strength heat treatment (such as 2Cr13, 3Cr13, etc.).

[0037] (2) The hammer plate, as an important support and force transmission component of the rotor, is used to transmit power to the hammer pin shaft. Its material is a high-strength, wear-resistant, food-grade contact material (such as carburized 45 steel, NM400, NM500, etc.). The surface of the hammer plate is polished, smooth and without primer, and has the characteristics of being safe and residue-free. Several hammer plates are installed at intervals on the main shaft, and balance blocks are welded to the edges of the hammer plates at both ends. The dynamic balance accuracy reaches G2.5, ensuring operational stability.

[0038] (3) Eight hammer pins are evenly distributed around the circumference and installed in eight mounting holes in the hammer frame plate. Several hammers are installed on the hammer pins and separated by spacers. The hammer pins are made of high-strength heat-treated food-grade contact material (such as carburized 45 steel, 2Cr13, 3Cr13 material heat-treated, etc.).

[0039] (4) The spacer is installed on the hammer pin to separate the hammers on the same hammer pin. Its material must meet the requirements of food-grade contact material, such as carburized 45 steel, 2Cr13, 3Cr13 material heat treatment, etc.

[0040] (5) Locking spacers are installed at both ends of the hammer pin shaft. Each hammer pin shaft is equipped with two locking spacers to prevent the hammer pin shaft from moving axially and hitting the crushing chamber, causing a safety accident.

[0041] (6) The hammer blades are mounted on the hammer blade pins and arranged in a staggered pattern through spacers to improve crushing efficiency. As a consumable part, the hammer blades must be made of materials that meet the safety requirements for food materials and must not be made of toxic materials such as tungsten carbide. The hammer blades of this food crusher are made of sanitary wear-resistant hammer blades (such as 70 steel, 80 steel, or 20Mn, etc.). The manufacturing process is low carbon steel with carburized edges followed by quenching, which combines wear resistance and food non-contamination requirements.

[0042] Furthermore, the ratio of the number of hammers to the power of the drive motor, as well as the reasonable configuration of the hammer-screen gap, enable the food pulverizer to have high output and good pulverization fineness.

[0043] Furthermore, the crusher also includes an encoder for detecting the rotation speed (whether the drive motor is rotating).

[0044] Furthermore, an operating door is provided on at least one side of the crushing chamber, and an electromagnetic lock is provided between the operating door and the crushing chamber. The encoder transmits the status signal of the drive motor to the PLC controller, which then determines and controls the opening and closing of the electromagnetic lock accordingly. The encoder and the electromagnetic lock form an interlocked protection system, meaning that the electromagnetic lock remains locked until the drive motor stops rotating, preventing personnel from opening the operating door. This ensures safety during the operation of the crusher and meets the food-grade mechanical and electrical explosion-proof safety requirements.

[0045] Furthermore, the operating doors include a left operating door and a right operating door. The two operating doors are symmetrically installed on both sides of the crushing chamber of the crusher. They are airtight doors that can be quickly opened and closed, and are also the core of operation, maintenance and safety management.

[0046] Furthermore, the operating door includes an operating door body, a sealing strip, a cat-ear handle, a horizontal clamp, and a door support component. Wherein: (1) The operating door body, as the core component of the operating door, is lined with an arc plate on its inner side. The center of the arc plate is consistent with the rotation center of the rotor component. The inner surface of the operating door body is polished, smooth and without primer. The welded joints are fully welded, which is conducive to the rapid sinking of dust-laden airflow and reduces the accumulation of material on the inner wall. The total wall thickness of the operating door body is not less than 12mm to ensure sufficient safety strength and prevent internal explosion or flying out of rotating parts.

[0047] (2) The sealing strip is attached to the edge of the operating door with food-grade sealant to reduce material residue. The sealing strip is made of food-grade silicone rubber.

[0048] (3) The cat ear handle is installed on the upper outside of the operating door and protrudes in the shape of an ear, which makes it easy for the operator to quickly open and close the door.

[0049] (3) The horizontal clamp is a locking component used to tighten the operating door and the crushing chamber to prevent dust from overflowing.

[0050] (4) The door support component is installed on the lower side of the operating door body to support the operating door body.

[0051] Furthermore, the pulverizer also includes a temperature sensor, which is disposed in the bearing seat of the rotor component and / or the side wall of the pulverizing chamber, for detecting the bearing temperature and / or the internal temperature of the pulverizing chamber, to ensure the safety of the food pulverizer, and the temperature sensor must meet the food-grade mechanical and electrical explosion-proof safety requirements.

[0052] Furthermore, the pulverizer also includes a vibration sensor, which is installed on the base of the pulverizer to detect the vibration value of the pulverizer, ensuring the safety of the food pulverizer. The vibration sensor must meet the food-grade mechanical and electrical explosion-proof safety requirements.

[0053] Furthermore, the casing of the pulverizer adopts a modular design, including front and rear side plates and an inner plate located between the front and rear side plates. The front and rear side plates and the inner plate are assembled with bolts to form the inner cavity of the pulverizing chamber. The assembly surfaces are filled with food-grade sealant to reduce welding deformation. The surfaces of the side plates and inner plates that come into contact with materials are polished (i.e., the surface of the inner cavity of the pulverizing chamber is polished), smooth without primer, and the welds are full welds. The inner surface is flat and has no threaded holes to reduce material residue.

[0054] Furthermore, the inner plate is provided with a feed inlet, which is a vertically continuous feed channel with a straight inner wall. This device eliminates the need for a guide plate at the feed inlet and has a relatively large inlet size, reducing the likelihood of clogging by high-moisture, high-fiber, and high-oil raw materials, and allowing for rapid feed flow to improve efficiency.

[0055] The third objective of this invention is to provide a pulverizing method, which uses the above-mentioned pulverizer to pulverize materials, comprising the following steps: (1) Feeding: The material enters the crushing chamber directly through the feed inlet; (2) Pre-crushing: After the material enters the crushing chamber, it impacts the hammer blades on the high-speed rotating rotor component and is struck to the upper toothed plate assembly on the upper side of the crushing chamber cavity. Through the cooperation of the long strip teeth on the inner arc surface of the toothed plate base, multiple impacts, rebounds and shearing are formed to complete the pre-crushing. (3) Secondary crushing: The pre-crushed material is thrown downwards onto the screen on the same side, forming a circulating layer, and then impacts the bottom toothed plate at the bottom of the crushing chamber, forming secondary crushing. (4) Three-stage crushing: After secondary crushing, the material is thrown upwards to the screen on the other side, forming a circulating layer again, and then rebounds to the upper toothed plate assembly on the other side, forming a tertiary crushing. (5) Material discharge: During the crushing process, material particles that meet the specified particle size are discharged through the sieve holes.

[0056] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. Food grinders have good grinding fineness and uniformity, and high production capacity.

[0057] For raw materials containing high moisture content, fresh meat, high fiber, and high oil, the material enters directly from the inlet of the grinding chamber. Because it lacks the guiding mechanism of ordinary grinders and has a larger inlet size, it reduces the problems of material accumulation and clogging at the inlet. The material circulates within the grinding chamber through a cycle of "pre-grinding on one side → circulation through the screen on the same side → impact by the bottom toothed plate → circulation through the screen on the other side → further grinding by the upper toothed plate on the other side." During this process, qualified material passes through the fish-scale screen holes in a timely manner and exits the screen quickly under negative pressure. The fish-scale screens are symmetrically arranged, reducing "over-grinding" and improving grinding efficiency; it also reduces "screen clogging" and improves safety. The improved grinder's rotation speed, hammer count, motor power ratio, and hammer-screen gap are within the empirical range for food grinder applications. The final measured product exhibits a wide particle size distribution and good uniformity, meeting the precise particle size requirements for cat food, dog food, and human food.

[0058] 2. Improved the food hygiene compliance of the food grinder.

[0059] The design and manufacturing of food grinders must consider the hygiene requirements of food raw materials. Surfaces in contact with materials, such as the grinding chamber, operating door, screen pressing mechanism, screen plate, screen plates, base, and rotor components, must be polished, smooth, and free of primer. Welds must be full welds, and the inner surface should be flat without threaded holes to reduce material residue. All seals in the food grinder are made of food-grade materials, and assembly surfaces are sealed with food-grade sealant. This ensures non-toxicity and cleanliness, avoids cross-contamination, and improves the hygiene compliance of the food grinder. To meet the safety requirements of food materials, the hammer blades are made of non-toxic materials such as tungsten carbide, and instead use hygienic wear-resistant hammer blades. These are manufactured by carburizing the side edges of low-carbon steel and then quenching, combining wear resistance with the requirement of preventing food contamination.

[0060] 3. Improved the safety of the food grinder.

[0061] Safety during the operation of a food grinder is also a crucial consideration. Its overall mechanical safety must meet the requirements for food processing equipment: accessible parts and components should be designed without sharp edges that could cause injury; all exposed moving parts should be equipped with protective devices, requiring CE certification; and the grinder should be equipped with a flexible coupling. Its overall electrical safety must also meet the requirements for food processing equipment, such as: bearings, temperature sensors in the grinding chamber, and vibration sensors at the base; the grinder's operating door should be equipped with an electromagnetic lock and motor zero-speed detection, with the electromagnetic lock remaining engaged until the motor stops; all electrical components of the grinder must meet explosion-proof standards to reduce the possibility of dust explosions. Attached Figure Description

[0062] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pulverizer of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation of the crushing chamber, drive motor, and base in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the rotating component in the crushing chamber of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the pulverizing chamber in this invention; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of section A in the middle; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the crushing chamber housing in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the upper toothed plate in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the operating door in this invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the screen pressing mechanism in this invention; Figure 10 This is a partially enlarged view of the sieve plate in this invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the rotor component in this invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the screen pressing mechanism in this invention; In the diagram: 11. Crushing chamber; 12. Drive motor; 13. Right operating door; 14. Screen pressing mechanism; 15. Screen plate pressing plate; 16. Screen plate; 17. Base; 18. Rotor assembly; 19. Vibration sensor; 110. Temperature sensor; 111. Electromagnetic lock; 112. Left operating door; 113. Coupling; 114. Bottom toothed plate. Upper toothed plate adjustment mechanism 21; Casing 22, side plate 221, inner plate 222; screen support plate 23; Upper toothed plate 24, upper stud 241, toothed plate base 242, long tooth 243, lower stud 244, vertical plate 245, oblique vertical plate 246, oblique wall 247, upper adjusting plate 248, lower adjusting plate 249, first ear plate 251, second ear plate 252, third ear plate 253; Adjusting bolt 25, hammer rotating ring 26; 31. Sealing strip; 32. Cat ear handle; 33. Operating door body; 34. Horizontal clamp; 35. Door support component; 41. Clamping handle; 42. Chain adjustment mechanism; 43. Chain; 44. Screen pressing frame; 45. Chain adjustment bolt; 46. Mounting plate; 47. First mounting ear; 48. Second mounting ear; 49. Fixing block; 411. Base; 412. Pin; 413. Handle; 414. Lock; 415. Spring; 416. First locking nut; 417. Second locking nut; Fish scale sieve holes 51, sieve plate 52; Hammer frame plate 61, main shaft 62, hammer pin 63, spacer 64, locking spacer 65, hammer 66. Detailed Implementation Example

[0063] This embodiment is an upper toothed plate assembly for a crusher, such as... Figure 5 , Figure 7 As shown, the device includes a toothed plate seat, several elongated teeth 243, and an upper toothed plate adjustment mechanism. The toothed plate seat is located in the upper part of the inner cavity of the crushing chamber 11 and includes an arc-shaped toothed plate base 242; the center of the arc of the toothed plate base 242 is concentrically arranged with the rotation center of the rotor component 18 of the crusher; several elongated teeth 243 are welded and fixedly arranged on the inner arc surface of the toothed plate base 242; the upper toothed plate adjustment mechanism is connected to the toothed plate seat and is used to adjust the gap between the elongated teeth and the rotor component.

[0064] In one embodiment, each elongated tooth 243 is arranged along the axial direction of the rotor component 18, and a plurality of elongated teeth 243 are uniformly arranged in an arc shape.

[0065] Furthermore, the material of the elongated teeth is a wear-resistant, food-grade contact material.

[0066] In one embodiment, the toothed plate seat further includes a vertical plate 245 and an inclined plate 246. The surface of the vertical plate is parallel to the feeding direction of the feed inlet of the crushing chamber 11. The vertical plate 245, the toothed plate base 242 and the inclined plate 246 are connected end to end to form a triangular frame, forming a triangular support structure.

[0067] In one embodiment, the upper toothed plate adjustment mechanism includes: an inclined wall 247, an upper adjusting plate 248, a lower adjusting plate 249, an upper stud 241, a lower stud 244, an ear plate, and an upper toothed plate adjusting bolt 25. The inclined wall 247 is located below the feed inlet of the crusher, and its lower surface is in contact with the inclined straight plate 246. An oblong hole is provided on the inclined wall 247. The upper adjusting plate 248 is located on the upper surface of the inclined wall 247 and is in contact with it. The lower adjusting plate 249 is located below the inclined wall 247 and is in contact with the inclined straight plate 246. An oblong hole is provided on the lower adjusting plate 249. The upper stud 241 and the lower stud 244 are respectively fixed on the inclined straight plate 246. The upper stud 241 passes through the oblong hole of the inclined wall 247 and the upper adjusting plate 246 in sequence. The through hole of 48 is locked with a nut; the lower stud 244 passes through the waist-shaped hole of the lower adjusting plate 249 and is locked with a nut; the ear plate includes a first ear plate 251 set on the upper adjusting plate 248, a second ear plate 252 set on the inclined wall 247 and a third ear plate 253 set on the lower adjusting plate 249; the upper toothed plate adjusting bolt 25 passes through the first ear plate 251, the second ear plate 252 and the third ear plate 253 in sequence, and the outer sides of the second ear plate and the third ear plate are respectively provided with nuts that cooperate with the upper toothed plate adjusting bolt.

[0068] (1) During assembly: like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the lower adjusting plate 249 and the inclined straight plate 246 are first connected into one piece by the lower stud 244 and nut. The waist-shaped hole of the lower adjusting plate 249 provides displacement adjustment space for the two. Then, the relative position between the upper adjusting plate 248 and the lower adjusting plate 249 is determined. The upper toothed plate adjusting bolt 25 passes through the first ear plate 251, the second ear plate 252 and the third ear plate 253 in sequence and is locked with nuts. The first ear plate is used to limit the head of the upper toothed plate adjusting bolt. The two nuts abut against the outer side of the second ear plate and the third ear plate respectively, so that a stable pre-position is formed between the upper adjusting plate and the lower adjusting plate. Finally, the upper adjusting plate 248 and the inclined straight plate 246 are fixed to the upper and lower surfaces of the inclined wall 247 by the upper stud 241 and nut.

[0069] (2) During adjustment: Simply loosen the nuts of the upper stud 241 and the upper toothed plate adjusting bolt 25, and then adjust the position of the upper toothed plate adjusting bolt 25 to make the vertical plate 245 move in the vertical direction (at the same time, the inclined plate 246 of the toothed plate seat moves along the lower surface of the inclined wall 247), and the gap between the elongated tooth 253 and the hammer rotating ring 26 can be adjusted. The waist-shaped hole of the inclined wall 247 provides displacement space for the adjustment of the upper toothed plate assembly. Example

[0070] This embodiment is a pulverizer, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 9 As shown, it includes a base 17, a crushing chamber 11 and a drive motor 12 respectively disposed on the base, a rotor component 18 disposed in the crushing chamber, two sets of upper toothed plate assemblies, and two arc-shaped screens 16; the drive motor 12 is located on the side of the crushing chamber 11 and is used to drive the rotor component 18; the two sets of upper toothed plate assemblies are symmetrically disposed on the upper part of both sides of the inner cavity of the crushing chamber 11, and the two arc-shaped screens 16 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rotor component 18, with each screen 16 located below the corresponding upper toothed plate assembly.

[0071] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, a bottom toothed plate 114 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the crushing chamber 11.

[0072] In one embodiment, such as Figure 10 As shown, the sieve plate 16 has fish-scale sieve holes 51, with the openings of the fish-scale sieve holes being concave. The sieve plate 52 of the sieve plate is treated by a heat treatment process, and the fish-scale sieve holes have a large opening ratio.

[0073] In one embodiment, two screen support plates 23 are respectively disposed at both ends of the crushing chamber 11 along the axial direction of the drive motor 12 and are connected to the side plate of the housing 22 by bolts. Each screen support plate 23 is provided with a support portion for supporting the ends of the two screen plates. Two screen pressing mechanisms are respectively matched with the two screen plates to press each screen plate onto the support portion of the corresponding side screen support plate.

[0074] In one embodiment, the sieve support plate is made of a wear-resistant food-grade contact material, and the surface of the sieve support plate that comes into contact with the material needs to be polished, with a smooth surface and no primer.

[0075] In one embodiment, such as Figure 12 As shown, each screen pressing mechanism 14 includes: a screen pressing frame 44, a chain 43, and a pressing handle 41; wherein: The screen pressing frame 44 is an arc-shaped frame, located on the outer side of the screen plate 16 on the corresponding side; the chains 43 are arranged in pairs on both sides of the screen pressing frame 44, acting on both ends of the screen plate to press the screen plate 16 onto the corresponding screen support plate 23; the pressing handle 41 is used to lock the screen pressing frame 44 onto the casing of the crushing chamber 11.

[0076] In one embodiment, a screen plate pressure plate 15 is provided between the screen plate and the screen pressing frame. The screen plate pressure plate has a hollow structure and serves as a buffer structure between the screen pressing frame and the screen plate.

[0077] In one embodiment, the screen pressing mechanism further includes a chain adjustment mechanism 42 to adjust the pressing force of the chain 43 on the screen plate 16.

[0078] In one embodiment, the screen pressing frame 44 includes an arc-shaped upper frame and an arc-shaped lower frame, which are hinged together. During the adjustment of the chain 43, the hinge structure of the upper and lower frames can adaptively adjust the angle between them to facilitate the tension adjustment of the chain, while ensuring that the screen pressing frame 44 always presses the screen plate firmly.

[0079] In one embodiment, such as Figure 12 As shown, the chain adjustment mechanism 42 includes: a mounting plate 46, mounting ears, and chain adjustment bolts 45; wherein: Mounting plate 46 is set on the upper part of the corresponding screen pressing frame 44; mounting ears include first mounting ears 47 and second mounting ears 48, which are respectively fixedly connected to mounting plate 46 and upper frame of screen pressing frame 44; chain adjusting bolt 45 passes through first mounting ears 47 and second mounting ears 48 in sequence and is locked by nuts.

[0080] When adjusting the chain adjustment mechanism 42, with the clamping handle 41 locked, loosen the nut on the chain adjustment bolt 45 to adjust the position of the chain adjustment bolt, change the relative distance between the mounting plate 46 and the upper frame of the screen press frame 44, and then tighten the nut on the chain adjustment bolt 45 to tighten or loosen the chain, thereby adjusting the clamping force between the chain 43 and the screen plate 16.

[0081] In one embodiment, the clamping handle 41 is mounted on the mounting plate 46, and the housing of the crushing chamber 11 is provided with a fixing block 49 that engages with the locking mechanism of the clamping handle 41.

[0082] In one embodiment, such as Figure 12 As shown, the clamping handle 41 includes a base 411, a pin 412, a handle 413, and a latch 414. The base 411 is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate 46, and the head of the handle 413 is connected to the base; the pin 412 passes through the handle 413, and both ends of the pin 412 extend out of both sides of the handle 413; the latch 414 is U-shaped, and the two arms at its open end pass through the two protruding parts at the pin 413 respectively, and can slide relative to the pin.

[0083] Each arm of the latch 414 is fitted with a spring 415, and each arm has an external thread, which is threaded to a first locking nut 416 and a second locking nut 417. Along the extension direction of the arm, the two locking nuts are located on both sides of the protruding portion of the corresponding pin 412. The first locking nut 416 abuts against the outer wall of the pin 412, and the second locking nut 417 is located at the end of the arm. The spring 415 is compressed between the second locking nut 417 and the outer wall of the pin 412.

[0084] During adjustment, rotate the first locking nut 416 to adjust the extension distance of the latch 414 relative to the pin 412; rotate the second locking nut 417 to change the compression of the spring 415, thereby adjusting the clamping force of the clamping handle.

[0085] In one embodiment, the drive motor 12 is connected to the rotor component 18 via a flexible coupling 113. The flexible coupling is preferably a tire coupling.

[0086] In one embodiment, such as Figure 11 As shown, the rotor assembly 18 is disposed within the crushing chamber 11 and mounted on the base via a bearing seat. The drive motor is designed with a frequency of 60Hz. The rotor assembly includes a main shaft 62, a hammer holder plate 61, hammer pins 63, a spacer 64, a locking spacer 65, and hammers 66, wherein: (1) The main shaft 62 serves as the core support and force transmission component of the rotor component 18, and its material is a food-grade contact material with high strength heat treatment.

[0087] (2) The hammer plate 61, as an important support and force transmission component of the rotor assembly 18, is used to transmit power to the hammer pin 63. Its material is a high-strength, wear-resistant, food-grade contact material. The surface of the hammer plate is polished, smooth, and without primer, and has the characteristics of being safe and residue-free. Several hammer plates are installed at intervals on the main shaft, and balance blocks are welded to the edges of the hammer plates at both ends. The dynamic balance accuracy level reaches G2.5, ensuring operational stability.

[0088] (3) Eight hammer pins 63 are evenly distributed around the circumference and installed in eight mounting holes in the hammer frame plate 61. Several hammers are installed on the hammer pins 63 and separated by spacers 64. The hammer pins are made of high-strength heat-treated food-grade contact material.

[0089] (4) The spacer 64 is installed on the hammer pin 63 to separate the hammers on the same hammer pin. Its material must meet the requirements of food-grade contact material.

[0090] (5) Locking spacers 65 are installed at both ends of hammer pins 63. Each hammer pin is equipped with two locking spacers to prevent the hammer pin from moving axially and impacting the crushing chamber.

[0091] (6) The hammer blades 66 are mounted on the hammer blade pins 63 and are arranged in an alternating pattern through spacers. The hammer blades are sanitary wear-resistant hammer blades, and their manufacturing process is low carbon steel side edge carburizing followed by quenching.

[0092] In one embodiment, the crusher also includes an encoder for detecting the speed (whether the drive motor is rotating).

[0093] In one embodiment, the crushing chamber is equipped with a left operating door 112 and a right operating door 13, and an electromagnetic lock 111 is provided between the operating door and the crushing chamber 11. The encoder transmits the status signal of the drive motor to the PLC controller, which determines and controls the opening and closing of the electromagnetic lock accordingly. The electromagnetic lock remains locked until the drive motor stops rotating, ensuring safety during the operation of the crusher.

[0094] In one embodiment, such as Figure 8 As shown, the left operating door 112 and the right operating door 13 each include an operating door body 33, a sealing strip 31, a cat-ear handle 32, a horizontal clamp 34, and a door support component 35. Wherein: (1) The inner side of the operating door 33 is lined with an arc plate, the center of which is consistent with the rotation center of the rotor component; the inner surface of the operating door is polished, smooth and without primer, and the welded joints are full welded structures. The total wall thickness of the operating door is not less than 12mm to ensure sufficient safety strength.

[0095] (2) The sealing strip 31 is attached to the edge of the operating door body with food-grade sealant. The sealing strip is made of food-grade silicone rubber.

[0096] (3) The cat ear handle 32 is installed on the upper side of the outside of the operating door 33 and protrudes in the shape of an ear.

[0097] (3) The horizontal clamp 34 is a locking component used to tighten the operating door and the crushing chamber.

[0098] (4) The door support component 35 is installed on the lower side of the operating door body to support the operating door body.

[0099] In one embodiment, the pulverizer further includes a temperature sensor 110 disposed in the bearing housing of the rotor component and / or the side wall of the pulverizing chamber, for detecting the bearing temperature and / or the internal temperature of the pulverizing chamber.

[0100] In one embodiment, the pulverizer further includes a vibration sensor 19, which is disposed on the base 17 of the pulverizer and is used to detect the vibration value of the pulverizer.

[0101] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6As shown, the crusher's casing adopts a modular design, including front and rear side plates 221 and an inner plate 222 located between the front and rear side plates. The front and rear side plates and the inner plate are assembled with bolts to form the crushing chamber. The assembly surfaces are filled with food-grade sealant to reduce welding deformation. The surfaces of the side plates and inner plates that come into contact with materials are polished, smooth, and without primer. The welds are full welds, and the inner surface is flat without threaded holes to reduce material residue.

[0102] In one embodiment, the inner plate 222 is provided with a feed inlet, which is a feed channel that runs vertically through the inner plate and has a straight inner wall. Example

[0103] This embodiment is a pulverization method that uses the pulverizer described in Embodiment 2 to pulverize materials, including the following steps: (1) Feeding: The material enters the crushing chamber directly through the feed inlet; (2) Pre-crushing: After the material enters the crushing chamber, it impacts the hammer blades on the high-speed rotating rotor component and is struck to the upper toothed plate assembly on the upper side of the crushing chamber cavity. Through the cooperation of the long strip teeth on the inner arc surface of the toothed plate base, multiple impacts, rebounds and shearing are formed to complete the pre-crushing. (3) Secondary crushing: The pre-crushed material is thrown downwards onto the screen on the same side, forming a circulating layer, and then impacts the bottom toothed plate at the bottom of the crushing chamber, forming secondary crushing. (4) Three-stage crushing: After secondary crushing, the material is thrown upwards to the screen on the other side, forming a circulating layer again, and then rebounds to the upper toothed plate assembly on the other side, forming a tertiary crushing. (5) Material discharge: During the crushing process, material particles that meet the specified particle size are discharged through the sieve holes.

Claims

1. An upper toothed plate assembly for a crusher, characterized in that, include: The toothed plate seat is located in the upper part of the inner cavity of the crushing chamber and includes an arc-shaped toothed plate base; the center of the arc of the toothed plate base is concentric with the rotation center of the rotor component of the crusher. Several elongated teeth are fixedly disposed on the inner arc surface of the toothed plate base; The upper tooth plate adjustment mechanism is connected to the tooth plate seat and is used to adjust the gap between the elongated tooth and the rotor component.

2. The upper toothed plate assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each long tooth is arranged along the axial direction of the rotor component, and several long teeth are evenly arranged in an arc shape.

3. The upper toothed plate assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The toothed plate seat also includes a vertical plate and an inclined plate. The surface of the vertical plate is parallel to the feeding direction of the feed inlet of the crushing chamber. The vertical plate, the toothed plate base and the inclined plate are connected end to end to form a triangular frame, forming a triangular support structure.

4. The upper toothed plate assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that, The upper toothed plate adjustment mechanism includes: An inclined wall is located below the feed inlet of the crusher and is in contact with the inclined straight plate. An oblong hole is provided on the inclined wall. The upper adjustment plate is located on and abuts the upper surface of the inclined wall; The lower adjusting plate is located below the inclined wall and is in contact with the inclined straight plate. The lower adjusting plate has a waist-shaped hole. The upper stud and the lower stud are respectively fixed to the inclined plate; the upper stud passes through the oblong hole of the inclined wall and the through hole of the upper adjusting plate in sequence and is locked by a nut; the lower stud passes through the oblong hole of the lower adjusting plate and is locked by a nut. The ear plate includes a first ear plate disposed on the upper adjusting plate, a second ear plate disposed on the inclined wall, and a third ear plate disposed on the lower adjusting plate; The upper toothed plate adjusting bolt passes through the first ear plate, the second ear plate and the third ear plate in sequence. The outer sides of the second ear plate and the third ear plate are respectively provided with nuts that cooperate with the upper toothed plate adjusting bolt. Tighten the upper tooth plate adjusting bolt to move the upper adjusting plate and the lower adjusting plate relative to each other, thereby adjusting the gap between the elongated tooth and the rotor component.

5. A pulverizer, comprising a pulverizing chamber, a rotor assembly disposed within the pulverizing chamber, and a drive motor for driving the rotor assembly, characterized in that, Also includes: The two sets of upper toothed plate assemblies according to any one of claims 1-4 are respectively symmetrically arranged on the upper part of both sides of the inner cavity of the crushing chamber; Two arc-shaped screen plates are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rotor component, with each screen plate located below the corresponding upper toothed plate assembly.

6. A pulverizer according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a bottom toothed plate, which is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the crushing chamber.

7. A pulverizer according to claim 5, characterized in that, The sieve plate has fish-scale sieve holes, and the openings of the fish-scale sieve holes are concave.

8. A pulverizer according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes two screen support plates and two screen pressing mechanisms; Two screen support plates are respectively arranged at both ends of the crushing chamber along the axial direction of the drive motor, and each screen support plate is provided with a support part for supporting the ends of the two screen plates; Two screen pressing mechanisms are respectively matched with two screen plates to press each screen plate onto the support part of the corresponding side support screen plate.

9. A pulverizer according to claim 8, characterized in that, Each screen pressing mechanism includes: The screen pressing frame is an arc-shaped frame that is set on the outside of the screen plates on the corresponding side; Chains, arranged in pairs on both sides of the screen pressing frame, act on both ends of the screen plate to press the screen plate tightly onto the corresponding screen support plate; The clamping handle is used to lock the screen frame onto the housing of the crushing chamber.

10. A pulverizer according to claim 9, characterized in that, The screen pressing frame includes an arc-shaped upper frame and an arc-shaped lower frame, with the upper frame and the lower frame hinged together.

11. A pulverizer according to claim 10, characterized in that, The screen pressing mechanism also includes a chain adjustment mechanism to adjust the pressing force of the chain on the screen plate.

12. A pulverizer according to claim 11, characterized in that, The chain adjustment mechanism includes: The mounting plate is located on the upper part of the corresponding screen pressing frame; The mounting ears include a first mounting ear and a second mounting ear, which are respectively fixedly connected to the mounting plate and the upper frame of the screen pressing frame; The chain adjusting bolt passes through the first mounting ear and the second mounting ear in sequence, and is locked in place by a nut; Tighten the chain adjusting bolt to move the mounting plate and the screen pressing frame relative to each other, thereby adjusting the pressing force of the chain on the screen plate.

13. A pulverizer according to claim 12, characterized in that, The clamping handle is mounted on the mounting plate, and the casing of the crushing chamber is provided with a fixing block that engages with the locking mechanism of the clamping handle.

14. A pulverizer according to claim 5, characterized in that, The drive motor is connected to the rotor component via a flexible coupling.

15. A pulverizer according to claim 5, characterized in that, The crusher also includes an encoder for detecting the speed of the drive motor.

16. A pulverizer according to claim 15, characterized in that, An operating door is provided on at least one side of the crushing chamber, and an electromagnetic lock is provided between the operating door and the crushing chamber; The encoder transmits the status signal of the drive motor to the PLC controller, which then determines and controls the opening and closing of the electromagnetic lock based on this signal.

17. A pulverizer according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pulverizer also includes a temperature sensor disposed on the bearing housing of the rotor component and / or the side wall of the pulverizing chamber, for detecting the bearing temperature and / or the internal temperature of the pulverizing chamber.

18. A pulverizer according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pulverizer also includes a vibration sensor, which is mounted on the base of the pulverizer and is used to detect the vibration value of the pulverizer.

19. A pulverizer according to claim 5, characterized in that, The casing of the pulverizer includes front and rear side plates and an inner plate located between the front and rear side plates, the front and rear side plates and the inner plate forming a pulverizing chamber. The surface of the inner cavity of the crushing chamber is polished, and a feed inlet is provided on the inner plate. The feed inlet is a feed channel that runs vertically through the inside and has a straight inner wall.

20. A pulverizing method, comprising pulverizing materials using the pulverizer described in any one of claims 5-19, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Feeding: The material enters the crushing chamber directly through the feed inlet; (2) Pre-crushing: After the material enters the crushing chamber, it impacts the hammer blades on the high-speed rotating rotor component and is struck to the upper toothed plate assembly on the upper side of the crushing chamber cavity. Through the cooperation of the long strip teeth on the inner arc surface of the toothed plate base, multiple impacts, rebounds and shearing are formed to complete the pre-crushing. (3) Secondary crushing: The pre-crushed material is thrown downwards onto the screen on the same side, forming a circulating layer, and then impacts the bottom toothed plate at the bottom of the crushing chamber, forming secondary crushing. (4) Three-stage crushing: After secondary crushing, the material is thrown upwards to the screen on the other side, forming a circulating layer again, and then rebounds to the upper toothed plate assembly on the other side, forming a tertiary crushing. (5) Material discharge: During the crushing process, material particles that meet the specified particle size are discharged through the sieve holes.

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