Hydraulic locking mechanism of B-axis swing head and method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of swing lock, and discloses a hydraulic locking mechanism of B-axis swing and a method thereof, which comprises a swing shell, a hydraulic flow channel is formed in the swing shell, a first hydraulic chamber, a second hydraulic chamber and a third hydraulic chamber are arranged on the swing shell, a gear locking piston is slidably arranged in the first hydraulic chamber, a gear disengaging piston is slidably arranged in the second hydraulic chamber, a hydraulic locking disc is slidably arranged in the third hydraulic chamber, the first hydraulic chamber and the third hydraulic chamber are communicated with the hydraulic flow channel, a fixed disc and a movable disc are arranged in the swing shell, the fixed disc and the movable disc are coaxially arranged, the fixed disc and the movable disc are both provided with fixed teeth, and a plurality of tooth blocks are fixed to the side surface of the hydraulic locking disc. The present application can switch between index locking and arbitrary angle locking modes through simple operation, the index locking is realized by precise positioning relying on gear meshing, and the arbitrary angle locking is free from angle restriction by means of the frictional effect of the brake ring, thereby meeting the locking requirements under different working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of head locking technology, and in particular to a hydraulic locking mechanism and method for a B-axis head. Background Technology

[0002] The oscillating head hydraulic locking mechanism is a core component in five-axis machine tools, machining centers, and other equipment, used for precise locking and high-rigidity anti-loosening of the oscillating spindle. It relies on hydraulic pressure to drive the clamping of the rotating shaft, realizing the automatic switching between locking and releasing.

[0003] Existing hydraulic locking mechanisms for sway heads are mainly divided into two types: friction plate type and gear disc type. The friction plate type relies on frictional contact to achieve braking and locking, which can meet the locking requirements of any sway angle of the sway head. The gear disc type relies on tooth meshing to complete the fixation, which can only achieve fixed-angle indexing and positioning locking. The two types of locking structures have single functions and independent structures. Conventional hydraulic locking mechanisms can only use one type of locking alone. They cannot meet the dual requirements of arbitrary angle locking and precise indexing locking on the same device. The equipment is limited in its adaptability to different scenarios. In actual operation, the corresponding locking structure needs to be selected separately according to the processing conditions. When the working conditions are changed, the entire locking component needs to be replaced. The disassembly and adjustment process is cumbersome and the flexibility of use is poor. It is difficult to meet the composite production requirements of continuous fine-tuning positioning and high-precision indexing processing.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design a hydraulic locking mechanism and method for the B-axis swing head to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a hydraulic locking mechanism and method for a B-axis swing head.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A hydraulic locking mechanism for a B-axis oscillating head includes an oscillating head housing with a hydraulic flow channel. The oscillating head housing has a first hydraulic chamber, a second hydraulic chamber, and a third hydraulic chamber. A toothed locking piston is slidably disposed in the first hydraulic chamber, a toothed disengaging piston is slidably disposed in the second hydraulic chamber, and a hydraulic locking disc is slidably disposed in the third hydraulic chamber. Both the first and third hydraulic chambers are connected to the hydraulic flow channel. A fixed disc and a moving disc are disposed within the oscillating head housing, coaxially arranged. Fixed teeth are provided on both the fixed and moving discs. Several toothed blocks are fixed to the side of the hydraulic locking disc. The fixed plate has several channels, and each channel is provided with a sliding top pin. One end of each top pin is facing the toothed disengagement piston, and the other end of each top pin is facing the hydraulic locking plate.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hydraulic locking disc has several openings, a brake ring is provided on the hydraulic locking disc, the brake ring has several mounting holes, the brake ring is connected to the hydraulic locking disc through a connecting structure, and a locking component is provided on the hydraulic locking disc for locking the position of the brake ring.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of ports are arranged in a circumferential array.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the connecting structure includes a plurality of pins, which are slidably disposed in a plurality of through-holes. Each pin has two slots, which are arranged opposite each other. An anti-disengagement block is fixed to the end of each pin away from the brake ring.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the brake ring is made of wear-resistant material and has anti-slip texture on its surface.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the locking assembly includes a rotating ring, which is rotatably mounted on the side of the hydraulic locking disc away from the brake ring. The rotating ring and the hydraulic locking disc are coaxially arranged. A plurality of locking plates are fixed on the outer circumferential surface of the rotating ring, and the plurality of locking plates are arranged in a circumferential array. The rotating ring is connected to the hydraulic locking disc by a plurality of fastening screws.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the initial state, the locking pieces are respectively engaged in one of the slots on the pins.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hydraulic locking disc is provided with an annular slide, and two sliders are slidably arranged in the annular slide. Both sliders are connected to the rotating ring, and the cross-sections of the annular slide and the sliders are T-shaped.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the size of the mounting opening is adapted to the size of the tooth block.

[0015] A method for using a hydraulic locking mechanism for a B-axis oscillating head includes the following steps: Step 1: Check that all components of the oscillating head housing are installed in place, ensuring that the fixed plate, moving plate and hydraulic locking plate are coaxial, the top pin and teeth are disengaged, the piston and hydraulic locking plate are accurately aligned, start the hydraulic station, inject oil into the hydraulic flow channel to provide constant hydraulic pressure, the pressure is transmitted through the flow channel to the fixed plate, moving plate and hydraulic locking plate, pushing the three to press and mesh, and the indexing locking is completed by the teeth engagement; Step 2: When switching to the arbitrary angle locking mode, first rotate the fixed plate and the moving plate 180° as a whole so that the side with the fixed teeth is away from the hydraulic locking plate. Reinstall and fix them. Remove several fastening screws on the rotating ring, release the rotating ring limit, and rotate the rotating ring with the help of the ring slide and the slider to make the locking plate disengage from the original slot of the pin. Step 3: Then pull the brake ring to completely cover all the teeth on the hydraulic locking disc and adjust it to a close fit. Rotate the rotating ring in the opposite direction until the locking plate is engaged in another set of slots on the pin. Fix the position of the pin and the brake ring. Finally, tighten the rotating ring with the fastening screw to complete the mode switch. Step 4: After the mode switch is completed, start the hydraulic station to apply axial hydraulic thrust to the fixed plate, moving plate and hydraulic locking plate through the hydraulic flow channel, push the fixed plate and moving plate to move, so that their flat surfaces are tightly attached to and press the brake ring. The frictional resistance of the contact surface restricts the rotation of the fixed plate and moving plate, so as to achieve locking at any angle of B axis. Step 5: When it is necessary to release the lock, control the hydraulic system to act on the tooth disengagement piston in the second hydraulic chamber. The piston pushes the top pin to lift the hydraulic locking disc. The lifting distance must be greater than the height of the fixed tooth so that the tooth or brake ring is completely disengaged. At this time, the moving disc can rotate freely to complete the unlocking. If it is necessary to lock again, simply release the pressure and re-inject oil into the hydraulic passage to increase the pressure.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Two locking modes can be flexibly switched. The indexing locking mode and the arbitrary angle locking mode can be switched by operation. The indexing locking mode relies on the meshing of teeth to achieve precise positioning, while the arbitrary angle locking mode uses the friction of the brake ring to get rid of the angle limitation and meet the locking needs under different working conditions. 2. Strong locking stability and outstanding load-bearing capacity. It adopts a three-tooth disc strong locking structure, combined with a 60° trapezoidal tooth design, which has a large contact area, high tooth root strength and wedge effect. It can disperse cutting force, reduce contact pressure, suppress micro-slippage and vibration, and achieve a rigid connection with zero backlash under heavy load. It can effectively resist complex torques in multiple directions and ensure the stability and reliability of B-axis after locking. 3. Locking and unlocking operations are convenient and efficient. Locking relies on the hydraulic system to automatically apply pressure to achieve gear engagement or brake ring clamping. Unlocking is completed by hydraulic pressure pushing the top pin to lift the hydraulic locking disc. Switching modes only requires simple steps such as removing and installing fastening screws and rotating the rotating ring, making operation simple and saving debugging and operation time. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic locking mechanism for a B-axis swing head proposed in this invention; Figure 2 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of the structure at point A; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the hydraulic locking disc, fixed disc, and moving disc; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic locking disc. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure when the brake ring blocks the toothed block; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of the structure at point B; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the hydraulic locking disc. Figure 8 This is an exploded structural diagram of a hydraulic locking disc; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the brake ring and several pins. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating ring and several locking plates. Figure 11 State diagram for indexing locking mode; Figure 12 The state diagram for the arbitrary angle locking mode.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Swing head housing; 11. Hydraulic flow channel; 2. Tooth locking piston; 3. Tooth disengagement piston; 4. Fixed plate; 5. Moving plate; 6. Hydraulic locking plate; 61. Tooth block; 62. Through port; 71. Brake ring; 72. Mounting port; 73. Pin; 74. Slot; 75. Anti-detachment block; 81. Annular slide; 82. Slider; 91. Rotating ring; 92. Locking plate; 93. Fastening screw. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0020] Reference Figure 1-12A hydraulic locking mechanism for a B-axis oscillating head includes an oscillating head housing 1, on which a hydraulic flow channel 11 is provided. The oscillating head housing 1 is provided with a first hydraulic chamber, a second hydraulic chamber, and a third hydraulic chamber. A toothed locking piston 2 is slidably disposed in the first hydraulic chamber, a toothed disengaging piston 3 is slidably disposed in the second hydraulic chamber, and a hydraulic locking disc 6 is slidably disposed in the third hydraulic chamber. Both the first and third hydraulic chambers are connected to the hydraulic flow channel 11. A fixed disc 4 and a moving disc 5 are provided in the oscillating head housing 1, and the fixed disc 4 and the moving disc 5 are coaxially arranged. Both the fixed plate 4 and the moving plate 5 are provided with fixed teeth, and several tooth blocks 61 are fixed on the side of the hydraulic locking plate 6. In this invention, the B-axis locking adopts a three-tooth plate strong locking structure. During operation, the hydraulic station provides oil to the hydraulic flow channel 11 to provide hydraulic pressure. The hydraulic pressure acts on the fixed plate 4, the moving plate 5 and the hydraulic locking plate 6 through the hydraulic flow channel 11, pressing them tightly together. With the help of the dual action of axial pressing and tooth meshing, the tooth plate structure can effectively resist complex torques from different directions, ensuring the stability of the B-axis after locking.

[0021] During the locking engagement phase, the constant hydraulic thrust applied by the hydraulic station is transmitted through the hydraulic flow channel 11, driving the moving disc 5 and the hydraulic locking disc 6 to mesh axially. During engagement, the fixed teeth and tooth blocks 61 undergo elastic deformation, while the multi-tooth "average effect" of the fixed disc 4 enables automatic centering, ensuring precise tooth meshing and preventing misalignment. To ensure perfect meshing of the teeth during locking without interference or jamming, the hydraulic locking disc 6 is designed with a slightly floating structure. This structure allows the hydraulic locking disc 6 to make minute adaptive adjustments in the radial and angular directions, enabling the teeth between the three discs to automatically align and achieve optimal contact. In addition, both the fixed tooth and the tooth block 61 adopt a 60° trapezoidal tooth profile design. This tooth profile has the largest tooth root cross-sectional area and a wide tooth flank contact surface, forming a deep and strong tooth groove. When locking, the cutting force can be distributed to the ultra-large contact surface, reducing the contact pressure to an extremely low level. At the same time, the 60° tooth flank will generate a significant wedge-tightening effect, generating a strong friction force under the action of axial clamping force, suppressing minor slippage and vibration, and achieving a rigid connection with zero backlash under heavy load.

[0022] The fixed plate 4 has several channels, each with a sliding top pin. One end of each top pin is aligned with the tooth disengagement piston 3, and the other end is aligned with the hydraulic locking plate 6. When it is necessary to release the lock, hydraulic pressure is applied to the tooth disengagement piston 3, which lifts the hydraulic locking plate 6 via the top pins. The lifting distance is greater than the height of the fixed teeth, at which point the moving plate 5 can rotate freely. When it is necessary to lock again, the hydraulic system is depressurized and the external force is removed. The hydraulic flow channel 11 is refilled with oil and pressurized, and the three toothed plates mesh again, completing the locking action and achieving precise positioning and stable locking of the B-axis.

[0023] The hydraulic locking disc 6 has several openings 62 arranged in a circumferential array. A brake ring 71 is provided on the hydraulic locking disc 6, and several mounting holes 72 are provided on the brake ring 71. In the initial state, the brake ring 71 is in contact with the hydraulic locking disc 6. Several toothed blocks 61 on the hydraulic locking disc 6 are respectively located in several mounting holes 72. The brake ring 71 is connected to the hydraulic locking disc 6 through a connecting structure, which includes several pins 73. The pins 73 are slidably arranged in several openings 62. The outer surface of the pins 73 is in contact with the inner surface of the opening 62, which can ensure the connection stability between the brake ring 71 and the hydraulic locking disc 6. Each pin 73 has two slots 74, and the two slots 74 are arranged opposite each other. An anti-detachment block 75 is fixed to the end of each pin 73 away from the brake ring 71. The anti-detachment block 75 is used to prevent the pin 73 from falling out of the opening 62. The brake ring 71 is made of wear-resistant material and has anti-slip texture on the surface.

[0024] The hydraulic locking disc 6 is equipped with a locking assembly for locking the position of the brake ring 71. The locking assembly includes a rotating ring 91, which is rotatably mounted on the side of the hydraulic locking disc 6 away from the brake ring 71. The rotating ring 91 and the hydraulic locking disc 6 are coaxially aligned. Several locking pieces 92 are fixed on the outer circumferential surface of the rotating ring 91. The locking pieces 92 are arranged in a circumferential array. In the initial state, the locking pieces 92 are respectively engaged in one of the slots 74 on the pins 73. In this case, the brake ring 71 is in contact with the hydraulic locking disc 6. The rotating ring 91 is connected to the hydraulic locking disc 6 by several fastening screws 93, which facilitates the locking and unlocking of the rotating ring 91 by the operator.

[0025] The hydraulic locking disc 6 has an annular slide 81, in which two sliders 82 are slidably disposed. Both sliders 82 are connected to the rotating ring 91. The cross-sections of the annular slide 81 and the sliders 82 are both T-shaped, and the surface of the sliders 82 is in contact with the inner wall of the annular slide 81. The annular slide 81 and the two sliders 82 together provide a limit for the rotating ring 91, ensuring stable rotation of the rotating ring 91. The hydraulic locking mechanism of the swing head proposed in this invention has two locking modes: one is indexing locking using the hydraulic locking disc 6, such as... Figure 11 As shown, the specific principle is the same as described above, and will not be elaborated further here. Secondly, it utilizes the brake ring 71 to lock at any angle, such as... Figure 12As shown, specifically, the operator first adjusts the installation direction of the fixed plate 4 and the moving plate 5, rotating them 180° before installation. After rotation, the side of the fixed plate 4 and the moving plate 5 with the fixed teeth is away from the hydraulic locking plate 6. Then, the operator adjusts the brake pads on the hydraulic locking plate 6. During adjustment, the operator removes several fastening screws 93 and controls the rotating ring 91 to rotate. As the rotating ring 91 rotates, several locking plates 92 rotate accordingly until they disengage from their corresponding slots 74. Then, the operator pulls the brake ring 71, causing it to completely block several toothed blocks 61, forming... Figure 5 As shown, after adjusting the position of the brake ring 71, the operator controls the rotating ring 91 to rotate in the opposite direction until several locking pieces 92 are engaged in another slot 74 on several pins 73. The rotating ring 91 and several locking pieces 92 are used to fix the position of several pins 73. When several pins 73 are fixed, the brake ring 71 is fixed accordingly. Finally, the operator uses several locking screws to fix the position of the rotating ring 91.

[0026] After structural adjustment is completed, hydraulic oil is then supplied with pressure through hydraulic channel 11, applying axial hydraulic thrust to fixed plate 4, moving plate 5 and hydraulic locking plate 6 respectively, pushing fixed plate 4 and moving plate 5 to move, so that their flat surfaces are tightly pressed against brake ring 71. The frictional resistance generated by the contact surface restricts the rotational freedom of fixed plate 4 and moving plate 5, thereby achieving stable locking and fixing of the swing head structure at any rotation angle. It is worth noting that although brake ring 71 has several mounting holes 72 for avoiding tooth block 61, the surface of brake ring 71 can still fully contact fixed plate 4 and moving plate 5, and hydraulic locking at any angle can be achieved.

[0027] The specific working principle of this invention is as follows: The hydraulic locking mechanism of this B-axis oscillating head relies on hydraulic drive and a dual-mode locking structure to achieve reliable locking and flexible unlocking of the B-axis. The entire structure uses the oscillating head housing 1 as the mounting base. Inside the housing, there are interconnected hydraulic channels 11 and three independent hydraulic chambers: a first hydraulic chamber, a second hydraulic chamber, and a third hydraulic chamber. These chambers are respectively fitted with a toothed locking piston 2, a toothed disengagement piston 3, and a hydraulic locking disc 6. Combined with a coaxially arranged fixed disc 4, a moving disc 5, and a hydraulic locking disc 6 with toothed blocks 61, this forms the three-toothed disc locking main structure. The hydraulic oil output from the hydraulic station is transmitted through the hydraulic channels 11, providing power support for the movement of each component. The mechanism conventionally adopts an indexing locking mode. Hydraulic pressure drives the moving disc 5 and the hydraulic locking disc 6 to move axially and complete tooth engagement. The hydraulic locking disc 6 has a slight floating capability in the radial and angular directions. Combined with the automatic centering function of the multi-tooth structure of the fixed disc 4, it ensures precise alignment and engagement of the teeth of each disc. The fixed teeth and toothed blocks 61 are at a 60° angle. The trapezoidal tooth shape, relying on the large contact area, tooth root structural strength and wedge effect, disperses the force and suppresses vibration and micro-slippage, forming a high-rigidity zero-backlash heavy-duty locking state, which can resist multi-directional torque and improve the working stability of the B-axis.

[0028] When unlocking is required, the hydraulic pressure inside the second hydraulic chamber acts on the tooth disengagement piston 3. The piston pushes the hydraulic locking disc 6 through the top pin, separating it from the teeth to a completely disengaged distance. After the tooth engagement restriction is released, the moving disc 5 can rotate freely. Resetting, depressurizing, and repressurizing allows the indexing and locking operation to be completed again. The mechanism also features a switchable locking mode at any angle. The limit of the rotating ring 91 is released by removing and installing the fastening screw 93, using a T... The limiting and guiding structure of the annular slide 81 and the slider 82 smoothly rotates the rotating ring 91, causing the locking piece 92 to disengage from the original slot 74 of the pin 73. After pulling the brake ring 71 to block all the tooth blocks 61, the rotating ring 91 rotates in the opposite direction to make the locking piece 92 engage with another set of slots 74 of the pin 73, thereby fixing the position of the pin 73 and the brake ring 71. Then, the screw is tightened to complete the structural positioning. In this state, the fixed plate 4 and the moving plate 5 are installed in opposite directions, with the side with the fixed teeth facing away from the hydraulic locking plate 6. The hydraulic thrust will drive the flat end faces of the fixed plate 4 and the moving plate 5 to press the brake ring 71. Relying on the frictional resistance of the contact surface to limit the rotation, and with the full coverage contact characteristics of the brake ring 71, the angle limitation of the tooth meshing is eliminated, and stable locking of any rotation angle of the B axis is achieved. The two locking modes can be flexibly switched according to the usage scenario. At the same time, the locking components, pin 73, anti-disengagement block 75 and wear-resistant and anti-slip brake ring 71 structure can ensure the structural connection strength and operational stability during the adjustment process and long-term use.

[0029] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydraulic locking mechanism for a B-axis oscillating head, characterized in that, The device includes a swing head housing (1), on which a hydraulic flow channel (11) is provided. The swing head housing (1) is provided with a first hydraulic chamber, a second hydraulic chamber and a third hydraulic chamber. A toothed locking piston (2) is slidably provided in the first hydraulic chamber, a toothed disengaging piston (3) is slidably provided in the second hydraulic chamber, and a hydraulic locking disc (6) is slidably provided in the third hydraulic chamber. Both the first hydraulic chamber and the third hydraulic chamber are connected to the hydraulic flow channel (11). The swing head housing (1) is provided with a fixed disc (4) and a moving disc (5). The fixed disc (4) and the moving disc (5) are arranged on the same axis. Fixed teeth are provided on both the fixed disc (4) and the moving disc (5). Several tooth blocks (61) are fixed on the side of the hydraulic locking disc (6). The fixed plate (4) has several channels, and each channel is provided with a sliding top pin. One end of each top pin is facing the toothed disengagement piston (3), and the other end of each top pin is facing the hydraulic locking plate (6).

2. The hydraulic locking mechanism for a B-axis swing head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydraulic locking disc (6) has several openings (62), and a brake ring (71) is provided on the hydraulic locking disc (6). The brake ring (71) has several mounting holes (72). The brake ring (71) is connected to the hydraulic locking disc (6) through a connecting structure. The hydraulic locking disc (6) is provided with a locking component for locking the position of the brake ring (71).

3. The hydraulic locking mechanism for a B-axis swing head according to claim 2, characterized in that, Several of the ports (62) are arranged in a circumferential array.

4. The hydraulic locking mechanism for a B-axis swing head according to claim 2, characterized in that, The connection structure includes a plurality of pins (73), which are slidably disposed in a plurality of openings (62). Each pin (73) has two slots (74) which are arranged opposite each other. Each pin (73) has an anti-detachment block (75) fixed at the end away from the brake ring (71).

5. The hydraulic locking mechanism for a B-axis swing head according to claim 2, characterized in that, The brake ring (71) is made of wear-resistant material and has anti-slip texture on its surface.

6. The hydraulic locking mechanism for a B-axis oscillating head according to claim 4, characterized in that, The locking assembly includes a rotating ring (91), which is rotatably mounted on the side of the hydraulic locking disc (6) away from the brake ring (71). The rotating ring (91) and the hydraulic locking disc (6) are coaxially arranged. A plurality of locking plates (92) are fixed on the outer circumferential surface of the rotating ring (91). The plurality of locking plates (92) are arranged in a circumferential array. The rotating ring (91) is connected to the hydraulic locking disc (6) by a plurality of fastening screws (93).

7. The hydraulic locking mechanism for a B-axis oscillating head according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the initial state, several locking pieces (92) are respectively engaged in one of the slots (74) on several pins (73).

8. The hydraulic locking mechanism for a B-axis oscillating head according to claim 6, characterized in that, The hydraulic locking disc (6) has an annular slide (81) with two sliders (82) slidably arranged in the annular slide (81). Both sliders (82) are connected to the rotating ring (91). The cross-sections of the annular slide (81) and the sliders (82) are both T-shaped.

9. The hydraulic locking mechanism for a B-axis oscillating head according to claim 2, characterized in that, The dimensions of the mounting port (72) are adapted to the dimensions of the toothed block (61).

10. A method of using a hydraulic locking mechanism for a B-axis oscillating head, based on the hydraulic locking mechanism of the B-axis oscillating head according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Check that all components of the swing head housing (1) are installed in place, and ensure that the fixed plate (4), moving plate (5) and hydraulic locking plate (6) are coaxial, and that the top pin and teeth are disengaged. The piston (3) and hydraulic locking plate (6) are accurately aligned. Start the hydraulic station and inject oil into the hydraulic flow channel (11) to provide constant hydraulic pressure. The pressure is transmitted through the flow channel to the fixed plate (4), moving plate (5) and hydraulic locking plate (6), pushing the three to press and mesh, and relying on the teeth to complete the indexing and locking. Step 2: When switching to the arbitrary angle locking mode, first rotate the fixed plate (4) and the moving plate (5) as a whole by 180° so that the side with the fixed teeth is away from the hydraulic locking plate (6), and reinstall and fix it. Remove several fastening screws (93) on the rotating ring (91), release the limit of the rotating ring (91), and rotate the rotating ring (91) with the help of the guide of the annular slide (81) and the slider (82) to make the locking plate (92) disengage from the original slot (74) of the pin (73). Step 3: Then pull the brake ring (71) to completely cover all the teeth (61) on the hydraulic locking disc (6) and adjust it to fit. Then rotate the rotating ring (91) in the opposite direction until the locking piece (92) is engaged in another set of slots (74) on the pin (73) to fix the position of the pin (73) and the brake ring (71). Finally, use the fastening screw (93) to lock the rotating ring (91) to complete the mode switching. Step 4: After the mode switch is completed, start the hydraulic station to apply axial hydraulic thrust to the fixed plate (4), moving plate (5) and hydraulic locking plate (6) through the hydraulic flow channel (11), push the fixed plate (4) and moving plate (5) to move, so that their flat surfaces are tightly attached to and press the brake ring (71), and rely on the frictional resistance of the contact surface to restrict the rotation of the fixed plate (4) and moving plate (5), so as to achieve locking at any angle of B axis; Step 5: When it is necessary to release the lock, control the hydraulic system to act on the tooth disengagement piston (3) of the second hydraulic chamber. The piston pushes the top pin to lift the hydraulic locking disc (6). The lifting distance must be greater than the height of the fixed tooth so that the tooth or brake ring (71) is completely disengaged. At this time, the moving disc (5) can rotate freely to complete the unlocking. If it is necessary to lock again, after depressurization, oil can be injected into the hydraulic flow channel (11) to increase the pressure.

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