Positioning and punching device and punching method for steel structure processing

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of metal cutting, and discloses a positioning and punching device and a punching method for steel structure machining, which are used to solve the problems that large steel structures are inconvenient to be clamped to fixed machine tools and are inconvenient to be positioned and drilled on site and to be aligned in perpendicularity. The device is fixed to the flange of an I-beam or the top end of a T-shaped steel web through a clamping device, the punching height of a drill bit is adjusted by an up-and-down moving device, and the drill bit is driven to feed by an electric linear module. A retractable contact disc is arranged on one side of the drill bit, a plurality of pressure sensors on the contact disc detect the stress state at different positions when abutting against the surface to be punched, and the perpendicularity of the drill bit axis and the surface to be punched is judged and aligned accordingly; a distance measuring sensor is used to determine the punching height and can send the detection data to a handheld terminal. The present application is suitable for positioning and drilling of large steel structures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal cutting technology, and in particular to a positioning and drilling device and a drilling method for steel structure processing. Background Technology

[0002] Steel structural components such as I-beams and T-beams are widely used in the load-bearing structures of buildings, bridges, and large machinery. During the processing, assembly, or on-site modification of steel structures, it is usually necessary to machine connection holes or mounting holes in parts such as the web.

[0003] For large and heavy steel structural components, it is difficult to move and clamp them as a whole onto a fixed drilling machine or machining center, and the time required for handling and repositioning is long. In this case, it is usually necessary to place the steel structure stably and install portable drilling equipment on the steel structure to carry out drilling.

[0004] After installation, existing portable drilling equipment relies heavily on manual measurement and repeated adjustments to determine drilling positions, making continuous adjustment and reading of the drill bit's drilling height inconvenient. Furthermore, the steel structure surface may have rust, scale, welding slag, dust, or localized deformation, which can easily cause posture deviations when the clamping device contacts the steel structure, resulting in the drill bit axis not being perpendicular to the surface to be drilled. Judging solely by visual inspection or a level is insufficient to directly reflect the perpendicularity of the drill bit axis relative to the surface, easily leading to hole axis misalignment.

[0005] Furthermore, the structure and thickness of the flanges of I-beams and the top of the webs of T-beams differ, limiting the adaptability of a single clamping structure to different steel structures. Therefore, this application designs a positioning and drilling device and method that can be directly installed on large steel structures, facilitates adjustment of the drilling position, and enables detection and alignment of the drill bit's perpendicularity before drilling. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention provides a positioning and drilling device and a drilling method for steel structure processing, enabling the drilling equipment to be detachably installed on large steel structures, completing the drilling height adjustment and drilling movement, and judging and adjusting the verticality of the drill bit according to the stress state at different positions on the surface to be drilled before drilling.

[0007] A positioning and drilling device for steel structure processing includes a clamping device, a vertical moving device, a connecting plate, an electric linear module, a drill bit, and a verticality alignment device. The clamping device is detachably clamped to the steel structure. The vertical moving device is mounted on the clamping device. The electric linear module is connected to the moving end of the vertical moving device via the connecting plate. The drill bit is connected to the slide of the electric linear module. The vertical moving device is used to adjust the drilling height of the drill bit, and the electric linear module is used to drive the drill bit to move along the drilling direction. The verticality alignment device is connected to one side of the drill bit and moves synchronously with the slide. The verticality alignment device includes a contact plate that extends and retracts in a direction parallel to the drill bit axis and multiple pressure sensors spaced apart on the working surface of the contact plate. The contact plate can switch between a detection position protruding from the drilling end of the drill bit and a retraction position retreating behind the drilling end of the drill bit. The multiple pressure sensors are used to detect the force state at different positions when the contact plate abuts against the surface of the steel structure to be drilled.

[0008] Furthermore, in order to better realize the present invention, the clamping device includes a mounting base, a clamping block and an internal hexagon screw. The mounting base and the clamping block are both L-shaped structures and are arranged opposite to each other. The mounting base has a smooth countersunk through hole and the clamping block has a threaded hole. The internal hexagon screw passes through the countersunk through hole and connects with the threaded hole to adjust the clamping distance between the mounting base and the clamping block.

[0009] Furthermore, in order to better realize the present invention, two quick-release interfaces are provided on one side of the mounting base. Each quick-release interface can be detachably inserted into a limiting plate. The two limiting plates are located on both sides of the clamping block to restrict the clamping block from rotating around the internal hexagon screw.

[0010] Furthermore, in order to better realize the present invention, the interior of the mounting base is provided with a magnet for pre-attaching the mounting base to the steel structure, and the bottom of the quick-release interface is provided with a magnet for attaching the limiting plate.

[0011] Furthermore, in order to better realize the present invention, the clamping device also includes a pad block, which is detachably disposed in the clamping space enclosed by the mounting base and the clamping block, and is used to compensate for the gap between the clamping space and the top of the web of the T-shaped steel.

[0012] Furthermore, in order to better realize the present invention, the up-and-down moving device includes a hand crank screw and a slider. The hand crank screw is rotatably disposed between the two ear plates on both sides of the mounting base. The slider is threadedly connected to the hand crank screw and slides against the side of the mounting base. A connecting plate is connected to the slider. The hand crank screw is provided with a locking mechanism for limiting its rotation.

[0013] Furthermore, to better realize the present invention, the verticality alignment device also includes a mounting block, a tightening screw, and an extension rod. The mounting block is connected to one side of the drill bit and has a guide hole. The extension rod slides through the guide hole. The tightening screw is threaded to the mounting block and can abut against the extension rod. The contact plate is connected to one end of the extension rod near the surface to be drilled. At least three pressure sensors are provided and are non-collinearly distributed, with the detection ends of each pressure sensor located in the same plane.

[0014] Furthermore, to better realize the present invention, it also includes a distance sensor, a wireless communication module, and a handheld terminal. The distance sensor is set on the drill bit or electric linear module and is used to detect the distance between the drill bit and the positioning reference. The distance sensor and each pressure sensor are connected to the handheld terminal through the wireless communication module. The handheld terminal is used to display the drilling height data and the pressure data at each detection position.

[0015] A positioning and drilling method for steel structure fabrication includes the following steps: S1. Place the I-beam or T-beam stably, and use the end of the steel structure or the preset baseline as the positioning reference to determine the transverse coordinate of the point to be drilled along the length of the steel structure and the height coordinate along the height of the surface to be drilled, and move the clamping device according to the transverse coordinate. S2, Position and clamp the clamping device to the top of the flange of the I-beam or the web of the T-beam. When the steel structure is a T-beam, a pad is placed in the clamping space of the clamping device. S3, adjust the height of the drill bit by moving it up and down, use a distance sensor to obtain the distance of the drill bit relative to the positioning reference, and lock the moving it up and down after the drill bit reaches the height coordinate. S4, extend the contact plate to the front of the drill bit's cutting end, drive the contact plate against the drilling surface via the electric linear module, and collect the detection values ​​of multiple pressure sensors; when the difference between multiple detection values ​​is greater than a preset threshold, adjust the clamping posture of the clamping device relative to the steel structure until the difference between multiple detection values ​​is no greater than the preset threshold, and then retract the contact plate to the rear of the drill bit's cutting end. S5, start the drill bit, and use the electric linear module to feed the drill bit toward the surface to be drilled. After drilling is completed, retract the drill bit.

[0016] Furthermore, in order to better realize the present invention, in S4, the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​among multiple detection values, or the deviation of each detection value relative to its average value, is used as the verticality criterion; when it is determined that the verticality requirement is not met, the contact surface between the clamping device and the steel structure is cleaned first, the clamping device is re-clamped and tested, and if the verticality requirement is still not met, a feeler gauge is set between the local contact surface between the clamping device and the steel structure for fine adjustment; in S5, coolant is supplied to the drilling area.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: The clamping device can be directly installed on the flange of an I-beam or the top of the web of a T-beam, eliminating the need to transport the entire large steel structure to a fixed machine tool, thus facilitating drilling on-site or at the work station. The up-and-down movement device adjusts the drilling height of the drill bit, while the electric linear module provides the drilling motion. The drilling height adjustment and drilling motion are independent of each other, making it easy to determine the drilling position and control the drilling process.

[0018] Multiple pressure sensors on the contact plate can detect the stress state at different locations on the surface to be drilled. By comparing the pressure detection values, the perpendicularity of the drill bit axis relative to the surface to be drilled is determined, reducing errors caused by visual alignment alone. The contact plate can switch between a detection position and a retraction position. When performing perpendicularity detection, it is located in front of the drill bit's cutting end; after completing perpendicularity alignment, it retracts to behind the drill bit's cutting end, without affecting subsequent drilling.

[0019] The magnet inside the mounting base can pre-position the clamping device, the limiting plate and quick-release interface can restrict the rotation of the clamping block and facilitate disassembly and assembly, and the pad can improve the clamping device's adaptability to the top of the T-shaped steel web.

[0020] The detection data from the distance sensor and pressure sensor can be transmitted to a handheld terminal, where operators can view the drilling height and pressure status at each detection position for easy positioning and adjustment. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is one of the three-dimensional structural schematic diagrams of the positioning and drilling device of the present invention on an I-beam; Figure 2 The second three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the positioning and drilling device of the present invention on an I-beam is shown below. Figure 3 The third three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the positioning and drilling device of the present invention on an I-beam; Figure 4 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the clamping device of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the positioning and drilling device of the present invention on a T-shaped steel. Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the drilling process of the present invention.

[0022] In the picture, 1. Clamping device; 2. Up and down moving device; 3. Connecting plate; 4. Electric linear module; 5. Drill bit; 6. Verticality alignment device; 7. Distance sensor; 8. I-beam; 9. T-beam; 10. Pad; 101. Mounting base; 1011. Quick-release interface; 102. Clamping block; 103. Limiting plate; 104. Socket head screw; 201. Hand crank screw; 202. Slider; 601. Mounting block; 602. Tightening screw; 603. Extension rod; 604. Contact plate. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The term "vertical direction" as used herein refers to the direction along the height of the web of the I-beam 8 or the web of the T-beam 9 when the device is in use; "front" refers to the direction closer to the surface to be drilled, and "rear" refers to the direction farther from the surface to be drilled. The above directional descriptions are only used to illustrate the relative positions and movement relationships between the components.

[0024] To ensure consistency between the reference numerals and the names in the specification, the drill bit 5 in this application refers to a drilling execution assembly for performing drilling, which may include a rotary drive unit, a tool holder unit, and a drilling tool mounted on the tool holder unit. The rotary drive unit drives the drilling tool to rotate, and the electric linear module 4 drives the drill bit 5 to feed along the axial direction of the drilling tool. Example

[0025] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this embodiment provides a positioning and drilling device for an I-beam 8, including a clamping device 1, a vertical moving device 2, a connecting plate 3, an electric linear module 4, a drill bit 5, a verticality alignment device 6, and a distance sensor 7.

[0026] The clamping device 1 is installed on the flange edge of the I-beam 8. The clamping device 1 includes a mounting base 101, a clamping block 102, a limiting plate 103, and an internal hexagon screw 104. Both the mounting base 101 and the clamping block 102 adopt an L-shaped structure. The mounting base 101 overlaps the flange edge of the I-beam 8, and the clamping block 102 is arranged opposite to the mounting base 101, so that the flange of the I-beam 8 is located within the clamping space defined by the mounting base 101 and the clamping block 102.

[0027] The mounting base 101 has a smooth countersunk hole at its center, and the clamping block 102 has a threaded hole for engaging with the socket head cap screw 104. The socket head cap screw 104 passes through the countersunk hole and is threaded onto the clamping block 102. Rotating the socket head cap screw 104 moves the clamping block 102 closer to or further away from the mounting base 101, thus changing the width of the clamping space. After tightening the socket head cap screw 104, the mounting base 101 and the clamping block 102 together clamp the flange of the I-beam 8.

[0028] The mounting base 101 has two quick-release interfaces 1011 on one side, which are located on both sides of the clamping block 102. A limiting plate 103 is inserted into each quick-release interface 1011. The two limiting plates 103 together limit the lateral position of the clamping block 102, preventing the clamping block 102 from rotating with the hexagon socket screw 104 when it rotates or when it is subjected to the reaction force of drilling.

[0029] The quick-release interface 1011 can be a slot or a socket structure. When it is necessary to remove the clamping block 102, pull the limiting plate 103 out of the quick-release interface 1011, and then unscrew the Allen screw 104 to separate the clamping block 102 from the mounting base 101. A magnet is provided at the bottom of the quick-release interface 1011; after the limiting plate 103 is inserted, it is held in place by the magnet, reducing the possibility of the limiting plate 103 dislodging from the quick-release interface 1011 due to vibration.

[0030] The mounting base 101 also contains a magnet. When installing the clamping device 1, the magnet is used to pre-attach the mounting base 101 to the surface of the I-beam 8, allowing the operator to free their hands to turn the hexagon socket screw 104. The magnet inside the mounting base 101 is mainly used for auxiliary positioning. The force generated during drilling is mainly borne by the mechanical clamping structure consisting of the mounting base 101, the clamping block 102, and the hexagon socket screw 104.

[0031] The up-and-down moving device 2 is located on the outside of the mounting base 101 and includes a hand crank screw 201 and a slider 202. Two opposing ear plates are provided on the outside of the mounting base 101, and the two ends of the hand crank screw 201 are rotatably mounted on the two ear plates. The slider 202 has a threaded hole that mates with the hand crank screw 201 and is threadedly connected to the hand crank screw 201.

[0032] The slider 202 has a rectangular structure, and the side of the slider 202 facing the mounting base 101 slides and fits against the side of the mounting base 101. The side of the mounting base 101 guides and limits the slider 202 in the circumferential direction, so that when the hand crank screw 201 is rotated, the slider 202 cannot rotate with the hand crank screw 201, but moves up and down along the axis of the hand crank screw 201.

[0033] The hand-cranked screw 201 can be a trapezoidal threaded screw with self-locking capability. To further restrict the rotation of the adjusted hand-cranked screw 201, a locking mechanism can also be provided at the hand-cranked screw 201. The locking mechanism can be a clamp-type brake, a lock nut, or a locking component that can apply frictional braking force to the hand-cranked screw 201. After adjusting the height of the slider 202, the locking mechanism is used to restrict the rotation of the hand-cranked screw 201, keeping the drill bit 5 at the set drilling height.

[0034] The slider 202 is connected to the electric linear module 4 via an L-shaped connecting plate 3. The feed direction of the electric linear module 4 intersects with the up-and-down movement direction of the slider 202, and is preferably perpendicular to each other. The electric linear module 4 can be a motor-driven lead screw linear module, whose slide moves in a direction close to or away from the web of the I-beam 8.

[0035] The drill bit 5 is fixedly connected to the slide of the electric linear module 4. The feed direction of the electric linear module 4 is parallel to the axis of the drill bit 5, enabling the electric linear module 4 to drive the drill bit 5 forward in the drilling direction and backward in the retraction direction. The feed speed of the electric linear module 4 can be adjusted according to the drill bit diameter, steel structure material, and drilling depth.

[0036] The verticality alignment device 6 is located on one side of the drill bit 5 and includes a mounting block 601, a tightening screw 602, an extension rod 603, and a contact plate 604. The mounting block 601 is fixedly connected to the non-rotating part of the drill bit 5 or is mounted together with the drill bit 5 on the support part of the slide of the electric linear module 4, so that the verticality alignment device 6 can move synchronously with the drill bit 5.

[0037] The mounting block 601 has a guide hole, the axis of which is parallel to the axis of the drill bit 5. The extension rod 603 slides through the guide hole and can move back and forth relative to the mounting block 601. The mounting block 601 also has a tightening threaded hole communicating with the guide hole, and a tightening screw 602 is threaded into the tightening threaded hole. Rotating the tightening screw 602 causes its end to press against the extension rod 603, thereby fixing the extension rod 603 in a predetermined extended position.

[0038] The contact plate 604 is fixedly connected to one end of the extension rod 603 near the web of the I-beam 8. The working surface of the contact plate 604 is perpendicular to the axis of the extension rod 603, and the axis of the extension rod 603 is parallel to the axis of the drill bit 5. Therefore, the working surface of the contact plate 604 is perpendicular to the axis of the drill bit 5.

[0039] Multiple pressure sensors are provided on the working surface of the contact plate 604. At least three pressure sensors are provided, and the three pressure sensors are not located on the same straight line. Preferably, the pressure sensors are evenly spaced along the circumference of the contact plate 604, and the detection ends of each pressure sensor are within the same detection plane. The number of pressure sensors can also be four or more to improve the ability to identify the stress state of different areas of the contact plate 604.

[0040] Before performing the perpendicularity test, zero-point calibration is performed on each pressure sensor. Loosen the tightening screw 602, move the extension rod 603 forward so that the contact plate 604 and the detection end of each pressure sensor protrude beyond the drilling end of the drill bit 5, and then tighten the tightening screw 602. The electric linear module 4 drives the drill bit 5 and the contact plate 604 at low speed towards the web of the I-beam 8 until each pressure sensor contacts the surface to be drilled.

[0041] When the axis of drill bit 5 is substantially perpendicular to the surface to be drilled, the contact time of each pressure sensor with the surface to be drilled is similar, and the difference in the detected values ​​is within the allowable range. When the axis of drill bit 5 is inclined relative to the surface to be drilled, one side of the contact plate 604 contacts the surface to be drilled first, and the detected value of the pressure sensor on that side is relatively large, while the detected value of the pressure sensor on the opposite side is relatively small. Based on this, the tilt state of drill bit 5 and the direction that needs to be adjusted can be determined.

[0042] The verticality of the drill bit's axis can be determined by the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​among multiple pressure measurements. This difference is recorded as the pressure difference. When the pressure difference is not greater than a preset threshold, the verticality of the drill bit's axis 5 is deemed to meet the drilling requirements; when the pressure difference is greater than the preset threshold, the verticality of the drill bit's axis 5 is deemed not to meet the drilling requirements. The preset threshold can be determined through pre-calibration based on the measurement accuracy of the pressure sensor, the size of the contact plate 604, and the allowable deviation of the hole axis.

[0043] The vertical position can also be determined by the deviation of each pressure detection value from the average value. The sensor with the larger pressure detection value corresponds to the side that was first contacted or subjected to greater pressure. The operator can determine the setting position of the feeler gauge or the adjustment direction of the clamping device 1 based on this position.

[0044] After completing the verticality alignment, control the electric linear module 4 to drive the contact plate 604 to retract. Loosen the tightening screw 602, pull the extension rod 603 back, causing the contact plate 604 to retract behind the drilling end of the drill bit 5, and then tighten the tightening screw 602. Thus, the contact plate 604 will not contact the surface to be drilled before the drill bit 5 during drilling, nor will it interfere with the feed of the drill bit 5.

[0045] The distance sensor 7 is mounted on the drill bit 5 or the electric linear module 4. The detection direction of the distance sensor 7 can be set along the up-and-down movement direction of the slider 202, and the positioning reference is the fixed reference surface on the mounting base 101, the flange edge of the I-beam 8, or a reference component fixed to the position of the steel structure. Before use, a calibration relationship is established between the detection distance of the distance sensor 7 and the actual drilling height of the drill bit 5, so that the operator can adjust the drilling height of the drill bit 5 according to the distance measurement data.

[0046] The pressure sensor and distance sensor 7 are connected to the data acquisition module, which communicates with the handheld terminal via a wireless communication module. The wireless communication module can be a Bluetooth module, a wireless LAN module, or other short-range wireless communication module. The handheld terminal can display the height data detected by the distance sensor 7 and show the detected values ​​and pressure differences of each pressure sensor in numerical, bar, or partitioned graphical formats. Example

[0047] like Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment is used to position and drill holes in the web of T-shaped steel 9. Its main structure is the same as that of embodiment one, except that a pad 10 is provided in the clamping space of the clamping device 1.

[0048] During installation, the mounting base 101 is overlapped with the top of the web of the T-shaped steel 9, and the pad 10 is placed within the clamping space formed by the mounting base 101 and the clamping block 102 to compensate for the gap between the top of the web of the T-shaped steel 9 and the clamping space. After tightening the hex socket screws 104, the mounting base 101, the clamping block 102, and the pad 10 together clamp the top of the web of the T-shaped steel 9.

[0049] To improve clamping efficiency, when clamping the T-shaped steel 9, the two limiting plates 103 can be pulled out from the corresponding quick-release interfaces 1011 to release the circumferential limitation on the clamping block 102. With the socket head cap screw 104 still passing through the mounting base 101 and threadedly connected to the clamping block 102, manually rotate the clamping block 102 to quickly approach the web of the T-shaped steel 9 along the axial direction of the socket head cap screw 104. After the clamping block 102 is adjusted to the near clamping position, stop rotating the clamping block 102 and reinsert the two limiting plates 103 into the corresponding quick-release interfaces 1011 to restrict the rotation of the clamping block 102. Then, support the pad 10 and place it into the clamping space, and rotate the socket head cap screw 104 to move the clamping block 102 further toward the mounting base 101. After a small amount of tightening, the mounting base 101, the clamping block 102, and the pad 10 can jointly clamp the top of the web of the T-shaped steel 9. The clamping distance can be quickly pre-adjusted by manually rotating the clamping block 102, which can reduce the time required to complete the full stroke adjustment by relying solely on rotating the internal hex screw 104.

[0050] The pad 10 can be configured with different thicknesses according to the thickness of the web of the T-shaped steel 9, or it can be composed of multiple stackable pads so that the clamping device 1 can be adapted to T-shaped steel 9 webs of different thicknesses. The surface of the pad 10 that contacts the T-shaped steel 9 or the clamping device 1 is preferably a plane to ensure stability after clamping.

[0051] like Figure 6 As shown, the process of drilling holes in a steel structure using the above-mentioned positioning and drilling device includes the following steps: S1. Place the I-beam 8 or T-beam 9 on a stable support surface. Determine the drilling point according to the machining drawings. Using the end, edge, or pre-marked baseline of the steel structure as the measurement starting point, determine the lateral coordinate of the drilling point along the length of the steel structure and the height coordinate along the web height. Measure the lateral coordinate using a ruler and move the clamping device 1 along the length of the steel structure so that the position of the drill bit 5 corresponds to the lateral coordinate of the drilling point.

[0052] S2, overlap the mounting base 101 with the flange edge of the I-beam 8, and use the magnet inside the mounting base 101 to pre-attach the mounting base 101 to the I-beam 8. Position the clamping block 102 on the opposite side of the flange, and screw the socket head cap screw 104 through the countersunk hole of the mounting base 101 into the threaded hole of the clamping block 102. Insert the two limiting plates 103 into the two quick-release interfaces 1011 respectively, so that the two limiting plates 103 are located on both sides of the clamping block 102. Tighten the socket head cap screw 104 to clamp the flange of the I-beam 8 with the mounting base 101 and the clamping block 102. When machining a T-beam 9, first place the pad 10 in the clamping space, and then tighten the socket head cap screw 104.

[0053] S3, rotate the hand crank screw 201, causing the slider 202 to move the connecting plate 3, the electric linear module 4, and the drill bit 5 up and down. The distance sensor 7 detects the distance of the drill bit 5 relative to the positioning reference in real time and transmits the detection data to the handheld terminal. Based on the height data displayed on the handheld terminal, continue adjusting the hand crank screw 201 until the drill bit 5 reaches the height coordinate of the drilling point. After the height adjustment is completed, the rotation of the hand crank screw 201 is restricted by its self-locking action or a locking mechanism.

[0054] S4, loosen the tightening screw 602, move the extension rod 603 toward the surface to be drilled, so that the contact plate 604 and pressure sensor protrude from the drilling end of the drill bit 5, and then tighten the tightening screw 602. Control the electric linear module 4 to drive the drill bit 5 and contact plate 604 forward at low speed, so that the pressure sensors on the contact plate 604 come into contact with the surface to be drilled.

[0055] The handheld terminal receives and displays the detection values ​​of each pressure sensor. When the difference between the detection values ​​is not greater than a preset threshold, the vertical state of the drill bit 5 is determined to meet the drilling requirements. When the difference between the detection values ​​is greater than the preset threshold, the electric linear module 4 is controlled to move the contact plate 604 away from the surface to be drilled, releasing the clamping device 1, and checking the contact surfaces of the mounting base 101, clamping block 102, pad block 10, and steel structure.

[0056] If dust, rust, scale, or other impurities are present on the contact surface, clean the contact surface, re-clamp the clamping device 1, and perform a test. If the verticality requirement is still not met after cleaning, a feeler gauge is installed between the clamping device 1 and the local contact surface of the steel structure according to the magnitude and location of the detection values ​​of each pressure sensor. The feeler gauge is used to change the posture of the clamping device 1 relative to the steel structure, and the device is clamped again and tested until the difference between the detection values ​​is no greater than a preset threshold.

[0057] After completing the vertical alignment, control the electric linear module 4 to drive the contact plate 604 to retract. Loosen the tightening screw 602, pull the extension rod 603 back, so that the contact plate 604 retracts to the rear of the drilling end of the drill bit 5, and then tighten the tightening screw 602 again.

[0058] S5, start drill bit 5, bringing the drilling tool to the set speed. Control the electric linear module 4 to drive drill bit 5 to feed towards the surface to be drilled until drilling is completed. During drilling, cutting fluid or cooling water can be continuously or intermittently supplied to the drilling area to reduce the temperature of the drilling tool and the drilling area of ​​the steel structure. After drilling is completed, control the electric linear module 4 to retract drill bit 5, and then shut off drill bit 5.

[0059] When multiple holes need to be machined in a single clamping position, lateral positioning, height adjustment, and verticality detection can be repeatedly performed based on the coordinates of each hole. When adjacent holes have the same lateral coordinates but different height coordinates, the position of the clamping device 1 can be kept unchanged, and the height of the drill bit 5 can be changed by moving the up and down device 2; when adjacent holes have different lateral coordinates, the clamping device 1 can be released and the drill bit can be moved to the next position along the length of the steel structure.

[0060] In this embodiment, the vertical moving device 2 uses a hand-cranked lead screw 201 and a slider 202. In other embodiments, the vertical moving device 2 can also use an electric lead screw mechanism, a gear and rack mechanism, or a linear drive mechanism with locking capability, as long as it can drive the connecting plate 3, the electric linear module 4, and the drill bit 5 to move along the height direction of the steel structure web.

[0061] The number, distribution radius, and preset threshold of the pressure sensors can be adjusted according to the size of the contact plate 604 and the required borehole verticality. It is preferable to use the same model for all pressure sensors, and zero-point calibration and force consistency calibration should be performed before use to reduce the impact of sensor differences on the judgment results.

[0062] The above embodiments are used to illustrate the structure, working principle, and drilling method of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Equivalent substitutions made to the component structure, connection method, or detection method without departing from the technical concept of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A positioning and drilling device for steel structure processing, comprising a clamping device (1), a vertical moving device (2), a connecting plate (3), an electric linear module (4), a drill bit (5), and a verticality alignment device (6), characterized in that: The clamping device (1) is used for detachable clamping to the steel structure; the up-and-down moving device (2) is set on the clamping device (1); the electric linear module (4) is connected to the moving end of the up-and-down moving device (2) through the connecting plate (3); the drill bit (5) is connected to the slide of the electric linear module (4); the up-and-down moving device (2) is used to adjust the drilling height of the drill bit (5); the electric linear module (4) is used to drive the drill bit (5) to move along the drilling direction; the verticality alignment device (6) is connected to the drill bit ( 5) and moves synchronously with the slide table. The verticality alignment device (6) includes a contact plate (604) that extends and retracts in a direction parallel to the axis of the drill bit (5) and multiple pressure sensors that are spaced apart on the working surface of the contact plate (604). The contact plate (604) can switch between a detection position protruding from the drilling end of the drill bit (5) and a retraction position retreating to the rear of the drilling end of the drill bit (5). The multiple pressure sensors are used to detect the force state at different positions when the contact plate (604) abuts against the surface of the steel structure to be drilled.

2. The positioning and drilling device for steel structure processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping device (1) includes a mounting base (101), a clamping block (102), and an internal hex screw (104). The mounting base (101) and the clamping block (102) are both L-shaped structures and are arranged opposite to each other. The mounting base (101) has a smooth countersunk through hole, and the clamping block (102) has a threaded hole. The internal hex screw (104) passes through the countersunk through hole and is connected to the threaded hole to adjust the clamping distance between the mounting base (101) and the clamping block (102).

3. The positioning and drilling device for steel structure processing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mounting base (101) has two quick-release interfaces (1011) on one side. Each quick-release interface (1011) can be detachably inserted into a limiting plate (103). The two limiting plates (103) are located on both sides of the clamping block (102) to restrict the clamping block (102) from rotating around the internal hexagon screw (104).

4. The positioning and drilling device for steel structure processing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mounting base (101) is provided with a magnet inside for pre-attaching the mounting base (101) to the steel structure, and the bottom of the quick-release interface (1011) is provided with a magnet for attaching the limiting plate (103).

5. The positioning and drilling device for steel structure processing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clamping device (1) also includes a pad (10), which is detachably disposed in the clamping space formed by the mounting base (101) and the clamping block (102) to compensate for the gap between the clamping space and the top of the web of the T-shaped steel (9).

6. The positioning and drilling device for steel structure processing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The up-and-down moving device (2) includes a hand crank screw (201) and a slider (202). The hand crank screw (201) is rotatably disposed between the two ear plates of the mounting base (101). The slider (202) is threadedly connected to the hand crank screw (201) and slides against the side of the mounting base (101). The connecting plate (3) is connected to the slider (202). The hand crank screw (201) is provided with a locking mechanism to limit its rotation.

7. The positioning and drilling device for steel structure processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The verticality alignment device (6) further includes a mounting block (601), a tightening screw (602), and an extension rod (603). The mounting block (601) is connected to one side of the drill bit (5) and has a guide hole. The extension rod (603) slides through the guide hole. The tightening screw (602) is threaded to the mounting block (601) and can abut against the extension rod (603). The contact plate (604) is connected to one end of the extension rod (603) near the surface to be drilled. At least three pressure sensors are provided and are non-collinearly distributed. The detection ends of each pressure sensor are located in the same plane.

8. The positioning and drilling device for steel structure processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device also includes a distance sensor (7), a wireless communication module and a handheld terminal. The distance sensor (7) is installed on the drill bit (5) or the electric linear module (4) to detect the distance between the drill bit (5) and the positioning reference. The distance sensor (7) and each pressure sensor are connected to the handheld terminal through the wireless communication module. The handheld terminal is used to display the drilling height data and the pressure data of each detection position.

9. A method for positioning and drilling in steel structure processing, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Place the I-beam or T-beam stably, and use the end of the steel structure or the preset baseline as the positioning reference to determine the transverse coordinate of the point to be drilled along the length of the steel structure and the height coordinate along the height of the surface to be drilled, and move the clamping device according to the transverse coordinate. S2, Position and clamp the clamping device to the top of the flange of the I-beam or the web of the T-beam. When the steel structure is a T-beam, a pad is placed in the clamping space of the clamping device. S3, adjust the height of the drill bit by moving it up and down, use a distance sensor to obtain the distance of the drill bit relative to the positioning reference, and lock the moving it up and down after the drill bit reaches the height coordinate. S4, extend the contact plate to the front of the drill bit's cutting end, drive the contact plate against the drilling surface via the electric linear module, and collect the detection values ​​of multiple pressure sensors; when the difference between multiple detection values ​​is greater than a preset threshold, adjust the clamping posture of the clamping device relative to the steel structure until the difference between multiple detection values ​​is no greater than the preset threshold, and then retract the contact plate to the rear of the drill bit's cutting end. S5, start the drill bit, and use the electric linear module to feed the drill bit toward the surface to be drilled. After drilling is completed, retract the drill bit.

10. The positioning and drilling method for steel structure processing according to claim 9, characterized in that: In S4, the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​among multiple detection values, or the deviation of each detection value relative to its average value, is used as the verticality criterion. When it is determined that the verticality requirement is not met, the contact surface between the clamping device and the steel structure is cleaned first, the clamping device is re-clamped and tested. If the verticality requirement is still not met, a feeler gauge is set between the local contact surface between the clamping device and the steel structure for fine adjustment. In S5, coolant is supplied to the drilling area.

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