A steel ring intelligent welding device and method for hub production

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of wheel hub welding, and discloses a steel ring intelligent welding device for wheel hub production, which comprises two groups of clamping assemblies and corresponding sliding seats in mirror image opposition, the sliding seats can slide towards or away from each other, and the clamping assemblies are rotationally installed on the sliding seats; a radial floating seat is arranged at a ring seam, abutting blocks are arranged on the two sides of the floating seat, and a gap treatment mechanism abutting against the ring seam is arranged therebetween; when the opening end surface of the wheel hub is aggregated, a guide bevel is extruded, a normal pressure is generated to make the floating seat retreat, a seam abutting part of the gap treatment mechanism is adaptively attached to a ring seam track, automatic tracking and follow-up abutting are realized, and the ring seam is cleaned around to remove surface contaminants, so that the welding quality is ensured, manual intervention is not needed, and the automatic and continuous production demand is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wheel hub welding technology, and more specifically to an intelligent welding device and method for steel rims used in wheel hub production. Background Technology

[0002] The wheel hub is a key load-bearing component in a vehicle, connecting the tire and the axle. In the manufacturing process of composite wheel hubs, the rim and spokes are usually formed independently, then combined and welded together, and the resulting annular seam is welded to obtain a complete wheel hub structure. For example, Chinese patent document CN215356692U discloses a wheel hub friction stir welding device, which includes a fixed base. A fixed plate and a connecting plate are fixedly connected to one side of the top of the fixed base. A flipping and fixing mechanism is provided between the fixed plate and the connecting plate. The flipping and fixing mechanism includes a movable plate, a threaded rod, a rotating rod, and two connecting rods. An L-shaped support plate is fixedly connected to the other side of the top of the fixed base. The top of the L-shaped support plate is equipped with a stirring welding mechanism. This device clamps and fixes the composite-jointed wheel hub through the flipping and fixing mechanism, drives the wheel hub to rotate, and simultaneously completes the welding of the annular seam with the cooperation of the stirring welding mechanism.

[0003] With the development of welding technology, there are now technical solutions that replace the aforementioned stirring welding mechanisms with laser welding equipment such as automatic electric arc welding and plasma arc welding, in order to improve welding efficiency. However, during the processing, transportation, and splicing of wheel hub rims and spokes, dust, oil, and other impurities easily adhere to their surfaces, especially near the annular joint at the splicing point. When using laser welding, these residues will adversely affect beam absorption and molten pool stability, leading to a decline in welding quality. In existing technologies, operators usually need to manually clean the annular joint before each welding operation. This method not only increases labor costs but also results in poor cleaning consistency, making it difficult to meet the needs of continuous and automated production. Overall welding efficiency still needs to be further improved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a wheel hub welding device or method that can automatically clean the circumferential seam area before welding to ensure welding quality and improve production efficiency, which is due to the low efficiency and poor cleaning consistency caused by the need for manual cleaning of residues at the joint before laser welding of composite wheel hub circumferential seams.

[0005] This invention provides the following technical solution: an intelligent welding device for steel rims used in wheel hub production, comprising two sets of clamping assemblies mirror-opposite for clamping half-body wheel hub steel rims, and a slide for assembling the corresponding clamping assemblies and capable of sliding displacement towards or away from each other. The clamping assemblies are rotatably mounted on the slide. A radially arranged floating seat is fitted at the circumferential seam formed by the convergence of the half-body wheel hub steel rims. The floating seat has abutment blocks on both sides near the circumferential seam, and a gap treatment mechanism located between the abutment blocks and abutting against the circumferential seam. When the open end faces of the half-body wheel hub steel rim converge, their edges contact the guide bevel of the abutment blocks and generate normal pressure. This normal pressure drives the floating seat to retract radially outward, causing the seam-fitting part of the gap treatment mechanism to adaptively adhere to the circumferential seam trajectory of wheel hubs with different diameters under the floating support, achieving automatic tracking and follow-up fitting of the circumferential seam. The continuous rotation of the wheel hub steel rim driven by a rotary drive device is coordinated to perform cleaning operations on the complete circumferential stroke of the circumferential seam.

[0006] Furthermore, the end of the floating seat away from the circumferential seam is movably embedded in the guide cavity of the sleeve and slides axially with it. An elastic energy storage element is provided between the floating seat and the sleeve to provide a reset driving force after radial retraction and to maintain the floating preload of the floating seat towards the circumferential seam. The sleeve is fixedly installed on the processing table below the slide. The floating seat has abutment blocks with a conical structure on both sides near the circumferential seam. The abutment blocks have a guide bevel on at least one side facing the opening of the half-hub steel ring. This guide bevel is used to press and fit with the opening edge when the half-hub steel rings come together. The contact force is decomposed into a component force that drives the floating seat to retract radially through the guide bevel, so that the circumferential seams formed by the aggregation and merging of half-hub steel rings of different specifications can be collinearly fitted with the seam-sealing part of the gap treatment mechanism.

[0007] Furthermore, the slide block is slidably engaged with the first slide rail on the processing table, and the processing table is provided with a central drive mechanism for driving the two slide blocks to slide synchronously towards or away from each other, so as to adjust the clamping distance of the two halves of the wheel hub steel ring by an equal amount and realize their convergence.

[0008] Furthermore, the machining table is equipped with a rotary drive device, which includes a rotary power component and a rotary transmission component that transmits the torque of the rotary power component to the clamping assembly. The rotary transmission component is mounted on the slide and can move with the slide. The spline wheel of the rotary transmission component is slidably engaged with the spline shaft of the rotary power component, and a circumferential constraint structure is provided between the two to maintain torque transmission when the slide spacing is adjusted, and to ensure that the rotary drive and the convergence drive of the wheel hub steel ring cooperate with each other without interfering with each other.

[0009] Furthermore, a clamping assembly rotatably mounted on a slide is provided on the opposite side of the rotary transmission component. The clamping assembly includes a base plate coaxially fixed with the pulley of the rotary transmission component and a rotating plate rotatably mounted on the base plate. The base plate and the rotating plate have circumferentially arranged radial grooves and inclined grooves corresponding to each other. The radial grooves extend radially, and the inclined grooves extend obliquely and intersect with the radial grooves. The rotating plate is provided with a gripper corresponding to the inclined groove. The gripper has a gripping part and a sliding rod that passes through the inclined groove and the radial groove. An anti-disengagement limiting structure is provided between the sliding rod and the radial groove to constrain the radial sliding stroke of the gripper along the radial groove. The outer peripheral wall of the rotating plate is provided with teeth, which are driven to rotate by an adjustment drive device installed on the end face of the base plate.

[0010] Furthermore, a laser welder is installed at the circumferential seam formed by the aggregation and merging of the half-body wheel hub steel ring. The laser welder is supported above the processing table by a gantry frame. The output end of the laser welder has a telescopic stroke perpendicular to the direction of the circumferential seam, and its working end can extend to directly above the circumferential seam and close to the joint surface to be positioned at the work station, thus forming a welding execution unit.

[0011] Furthermore, two sets of gap treatment mechanisms are distributed opposite each other on the floating seat. The two sets of gap treatment mechanisms are driven by the switching drive device to alternately fit into the circumferential seam. The floating seat is also equipped with a temperature sensing module, which is used to monitor the temperature of the circumferential seam after welding and feed back a signal to the control system. The control system controls the switching drive device to drive the two sets of gap treatment mechanisms to switch positions according to the signal, so as to realize the alternating operation of cleaning and repair.

[0012] Furthermore, the floating seat is provided with second slide rails symmetrically arranged on both sides of the center line and guide grooves and shifting grooves respectively provided on the inner and outer sides of each second slide rail. The two ends of the shifting groove are parallel to the guide groove to form a centering track, and the middle part forms an outwardly bent avoidance track. The gap treatment mechanism includes a sliding seat slidably disposed on the second slide rail, an avoidance plate that slides radially along the sliding seat, and a seam applicator fixed to the top of the avoidance plate. The bottom of the avoidance plate is provided with a guide roller that passes through the shifting groove. When the guide roller enters the avoidance track from the centering track along the shifting groove, it drives the avoidance plate and the seam applicator to shift outward so that the seam applicator deviates from the center line.

[0013] Furthermore, the seam applicator includes a base tube fixed to the top of the clearance plate. The base tube extends to the centerline and then bends towards the circumferential seam. A telescopic component is movably nested at its top end. One end of the telescopic component has an arc-shaped cover adapted to the curvature of the circumferential seam, and the other end has a conical opening. A top rod moves through the conical opening, and a medium flow gap is left between the two. A sealing plug adapted to the conical opening is fixed at the top of the top rod, and the bottom end is fixed inside the base tube via a fixing seat. The telescopic component and the fixing seat are elastically connected by a second spring. When the arc-shaped cover of the telescopic component is attached to the circumferential seam, the telescopic component axially displaces relative to the base tube, causing the conical opening to move away from the sealing plug, and the medium flows through the gap. One set of base tubes is connected to a negative pressure system to perform cleaning, and the other set of base tubes is connected to a material supply system to perform repair spraying.

[0014] A smart welding method for steel rims used in wheel hub production, based on the aforementioned smart welding device for steel rims used in wheel hub production, includes the following steps: S1. Clamping and positioning: The two half-hub steel rings are respectively placed into the coaxially opposed clamping assembly to achieve axial alignment and radial clamping and fixing of the wheel hub steel rings. S2, Centering and Merging: Control the clamping assembly with the half-hub steel ring to feed synchronously towards the centerline until the open end faces of the two half-hub steel rings are precisely aligned and tightly fitted to form a complete annular joint. S3, Automatic Track Attachment: When the open end face of the half-hub steel ring converging towards the centerline meets the floating seat, it generates contact pressure, forcing the floating seat to make radial retraction displacement, so that the seam-sealing part of the gap treatment mechanism is exactly attached to the circumferential seam track. S4. Circumferential seam cleaning: The integrated assembly consisting of the combined wheel hub steel ring and the clamping assembly is driven by a rotary drive device to rotate synchronously around its own axis. In conjunction with the seam treatment mechanism that is positioned on the circumferential seam track in a floating attachment state, the circumferential seam is continuously sucked and cleaned in its complete circumferential stroke to remove dust, oil and other surface contaminants attached to the seam area. S5. Circumferential weld: The laser beam output by the laser welder is focused on the continuously rotating annular joint surface. As the wheel hub steel ring rotates synchronously with the clamping assembly, the laser beam continuously scans and irradiates along the circumferential trajectory of the annular joint, causing the base material in the joint area to melt and form a weld structure. S6, Temperature-changing repositioning: The temperature sensing module, which is positioned on the circumferential seam track, monitors the temperature change in the circumferential seam area in real time after welding. When the temperature at the circumferential seam rises to a preset threshold, the temperature sensing module outputs a temperature feedback electrical signal to the control system. Based on this, the control system sends a control command to the repositioning drive device, which drives the two gap treatment mechanisms to perform a workstation switch, so that the gap treatment mechanism responsible for spraying the repair agent replaces the previous gap treatment mechanism responsible for cleaning and is positioned on the circumferential seam track. S7. Deep Repair: The joint-applying part of the gap treatment mechanism responsible for repair adheres to the surface of the circumferential joint under the floating adhesion action. The repair agent is continuously sprayed through the external material supply system. In conjunction with the rotary drive device, the wheel hub steel ring and the clamping assembly rotate synchronously to perform continuous and uniform auxiliary repair work on the entire circumferential area of ​​the circumferential joint. This allows the repair agent to penetrate into the tiny gaps and surface micro-cracks of the weld, achieving the repair and coverage of surface defects of the weld.

[0015] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows: This invention utilizes the normal pressure generated when the open end face of the semi-integrated wheel hub steel rim contacts the guide bevel of the abutment block during aggregation. This pressure drives the floating seat to retract, allowing the seam-applying part of the seam-handling mechanism to adaptively adhere to the circumferential seam trajectory of wheel hubs with different diameters under floating support. This achieves automatic tracking and follow-up application of the circumferential seam without manual adjustment or intervention. Furthermore, a rotating drive device synchronously rotates the merged wheel hub steel rim and clamping assembly. Combined with the seam-handling mechanism floating and adhering to the circumferential seam trajectory, this continuously suctions and cleans the entire circumferential stroke of the circumferential seam, effectively removing surface contaminants such as dust and oil. This significantly improves the cleanliness and consistency of the circumferential seam before welding, ensuring stable energy absorption during laser welding. The entire cleaning process is completed automatically, requiring no manual operation, greatly reducing labor costs, solving the problem of poor consistency in manual cleaning, meeting the needs of automated continuous production, and comprehensively improving the quality and efficiency of laser welding of wheel hub circumferential seams. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a front view schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a side view of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the processing table, centering drive mechanism, rotary power component slide, rotary transmission component and clamping assembly of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the slide, rotary transmission assembly and clamping assembly of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping assembly structure of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the processing table, slide, rotary transmission assembly, clamping assembly, laser welder, and circumferential seam treatment assembly of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7Three-dimensional structural diagram.

[0024] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the circumferential seam treatment assembly of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the floating seat, gap treatment mechanism and third motor structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the floating seat, gap treatment mechanism, drive gear and chain structure of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the floating seat structure of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the gap treatment mechanism, chain, drive gear, and third motor structure of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 14 This is a side view of the gap treatment mechanism structure of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 15 This is a top view schematic diagram of the gap treatment mechanism structure of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 16 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the gap treatment mechanism of the present invention.

[0032] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1. Machining table; 2. Centering drive mechanism; 21. Bidirectional lead screw; 22. First support; 23. First motor; 3. Rotary power assembly; 31. Splined shaft; 32. Second support; 33. Second motor; 4. Slide; 5. Rotary transmission assembly; 51. Splined wheel; 52. Pulley; 53. Synchronous belt; 6. Clamping assembly; 61. Base plate; 611. Radial groove; 62. Rotary plate; 621. Inclined groove; 63. Gripper; 64. Adjusting seat; 65. Adjusting screw; 7. First slide rail; 8. Laser welder; 9. Sleeve 10. Cylinder; 10. Floating seat; 101. Second slide rail; 102. Guide groove; 103. Repositioning groove; 104. Abutment block; 105. Guide pin; 11. First spring; 12. Gap treatment mechanism; 121. Sliding seat; 122. Clearance plate; 123. Guide roller; 124. Sealing head; 1241. Base pipe; 1242. Telescopic component; 1243. Sealing plug; 1244. Top rod; 1245. Fixed seat; 1246. Second spring; 13. Third motor; 14. Drive gear; 15. Chain; 16. Temperature sensing module. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, the forms of the various structures described in the following embodiments are merely illustrative. The intelligent welding device and method for steel rims for wheel hub production involved in the present invention are not limited to the structures described in the following embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1, refer to Figures 1 to 11 As shown, the present invention provides an intelligent welding device for steel rims used in wheel hub production, including two sets of clamping assemblies 6 mirror-opposite for clamping half-body wheel hub steel rims, and a slide 4 for assembling the corresponding clamping assemblies 6 and capable of sliding displacement towards or away from each other, wherein the clamping assemblies 6 are rotatably mounted on the slide 4; a radially arranged floating seat 10 is assembled at the circumferential seam formed by the aggregation and merging of the half-body wheel hub steel rims, and the floating seat 10 has abutment blocks 104 on both sides near the circumferential seam, and a section located between the abutment blocks 104 and abutting against the circumferential seam. The gap treatment mechanism 12, when the open end face of the half-body wheel hub steel ring is brought together, its edge contacts the guide bevel of the abutment block 104 and generates normal pressure. This normal pressure drives the floating seat 10 to move outward radially, so that the seam-fitting part of the gap treatment mechanism 12 adaptively attaches to the circumferential seam track of wheel hubs with different diameters and widths under the action of floating support, realizing automatic tracking and follow-up fitting of the circumferential seam; and works in conjunction with the continuous rotation of the wheel hub steel ring driven by the rotary drive device to clean the complete circumferential stroke of the circumferential seam. The floating seat 10 has a limiting slide at the end away from the annular seam. This limiting slide is movably nested in the guide cavity of the sleeve 9, which is coplanar with it, in an axial sliding fit. An elastic energy storage element, preferably a first spring 11, is installed between the limiting slide and the bottom of the sleeve 9 cavity to provide a reset driving force after radial retraction and to maintain the floating preload of the floating seat 10 toward the annular seam. The end of the sleeve 9 is fixedly mounted on the processing table 1 located below the slide 4 to form an integral support base. The floating seat 10 has tapered abutment blocks 104 on both sides near the annular seam, which have at least one guide block on the side facing the opening of the half-body wheel hub steel ring. The inclined side is used to create a relative compression fit with the opening edge when the two halves of the wheel hub steel ring come together. With the guidance of the inclined side, the contact force is decomposed into a radial component to drive the floating seat 10 to adaptively retract, so as to ensure that the circumferential gap formed when the halves of the wheel hub steel rings of different specifications come together can be collinearly fitted with the seam sealing part of the gap treatment mechanism 12. Note: Guide pins 105 are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the end of the floating seat 10 away from the abutment block 104. The side wall of the sleeve 9 is correspondingly provided with a channel for the guide pins 105 to slide. The sliding constraint between the guide pins 105 and the channel is used to limit the radial movement trajectory and extension range of the floating seat 10. The slide block 4 slides in contact with the first slide rail 7 on the surface of the processing table 1. A centering drive mechanism 2 is installed on the surface of the processing table 1 to control the synchronous sliding of the two opposing slide blocks 4 towards or away from each other, thereby achieving equal adjustment of the clamping distance of the two halves of the wheel hub steel ring and a convergence and closing action. The centering drive mechanism 2 includes a bidirectional lead screw 21 arranged parallel to the surface of the processing table 1. The surface of the bidirectional lead screw 21 is provided with mirror-symmetrically distributed spiral grooves. The slide block 4 on the same side is penetrated by the corresponding spiral grooves, forming a threaded engagement. The rotational motion of the bidirectional lead screw 21 is converted into the linear displacement of the slide block 4 along the guide direction of the first slide rail 7. The two ends of the bidirectional lead screw 21 are respectively rotatably installed in the first support 22 fixed on the table surface of the processing table 1 to provide rotational support and axial positioning. The shaft end of the bidirectional lead screw 21 is poweredly connected to the first motor 23 fixed on the table surface of the processing table 1. The first motor 23 outputs rotational driving force to control the forward and reverse rotation of the bidirectional lead screw 21, thereby synchronously driving the two slide blocks 4 to make adjustment actions of moving closer together or separating away from each other. A rotary drive device is installed on the surface of the processing table 1 to simultaneously control the rotation of the aggregated half-hub steel ring and the aligned clamping assembly 6, providing full-circumferential rotational power for circumferential seam cleaning and welding. This rotary drive device includes a rotary power component 3 mounted on the surface of the processing table 1, and a rotary transmission component 5 that transmits the rotational torque of the rotary power component 3 to the clamping assembly 6. The rotary transmission component 5 is mounted on the side wall of the slide 4 and can move integrally with it, ensuring that the power transmission path remains synchronously followed when the slide 4 adjusts the clamping distance. The spline wheel 51 in the rotary transmission component 5 slides in conjunction with the spline shaft 31 in the rotary power component 3, and a circumferential constraint structure is provided between them, ensuring that the rotational drive and aggregation drive of the half-hub steel ring coordinate in action without interfering with each other. Preferably, the rotary power component 3 includes a spline shaft 31 axially inserted into a pre-set hole on the surface of the slide 4. The two ends of 1 are rotatably mounted in the second support 32 fixed on the table surface of the processing table 1, and one end of the spline shaft 31 is poweredly connected to the second motor 33. The second motor 33 outputs rotational driving force to control the rotation of the spline shaft 31. The rotary transmission assembly 5 includes a pulley 52 and a spline wheel 51 rotatably mounted on the side wall of the slide 4 and arranged in a coplanar manner. The two are connected by a synchronous belt 53 to achieve synchronous rotation. The spline wheel 51 is slidably penetrated by the spline shaft 31 and a circumferential constraint structure, such as a keyway structure, is provided between them. This allows the spline wheel 51 to slide freely in the axial direction of the spline shaft 31 to adapt to the displacement stroke of the slide 4. The rotational torque of the spline shaft 31 can be transmitted to the spline wheel 51 through the circumferential constraint structure. The synchronous belt 53 drives the pulley 52 and the clamping assembly 6 to rotate coaxially, thereby realizing the reliable transmission of rotational power throughout the entire process when the slide 4 adjusts the clamping distance. On the opposite side of the rotary transmission assembly 5, a clamping assembly 6 is rotatably mounted on the side wall of the slide block 4. The clamping assembly 6 includes a base plate 61 coaxially fixed with the pulley 52 in the rotary transmission assembly 5, and a rotating plate 62 concentrically rotatably mounted on the surface of the base plate 61. The surfaces of the base plate 61 and the rotating plate 62 are respectively provided with radial grooves 611 and inclined grooves 621 arranged circumferentially and corresponding in number. The radial grooves 611 extend linearly along the radial direction of the surface of the base plate 61, and the inclined grooves 621 are arranged relative to the radial direction. The inclined extension is intersecting the radial groove 611 in spatial projection; a gripper 63 corresponding to the position of the inclined groove 621 is provided on the side of the rotating disk 62 away from the base disk 61. The gripper 63 is integrally formed by a serrated clamping plate for gripping the edge of the wheel hub steel ring and a sliding rod that moves into the inclined groove 621 and the radial groove 611. An anti-disengagement limiting structure is formed between the end of the sliding rod and the side wall of the radial groove 611 to constrain the radial sliding stroke of the gripper 63 along the radial groove 611 and prevent it from falling off the disk surface. The outer peripheral wall of the rotating disk 62 is provided with teeth, which are driven to rotate by an adjustment drive device installed on the end face of the base disk 61. The adjustment drive device preferably includes an adjustment seat 64 fixedly installed on the side wall of the base disk 61, and an adjustment screw 65 threaded through the adjustment seat 64 and meshing with the teeth of the rotating disk 62. By rotating the adjustment screw 65, the rotating disk 62 can be controlled to rotate relative to the base disk 61 on a fixed axis via the tooth transmission. A laser welder 8 is installed at the circumferential seam formed by the aggregation and joining of the half-body wheel hub steel ring. The laser welder 8 is fixedly supported above the worktable 1 via a gantry frame, and the output end of the laser welder 8 has a reciprocating extension stroke along the direction perpendicular to the circumferential seam, so that its working end can extend to the top of the circumferential seam and close to the joint surface, so as to accurately locate the work position directly above the circumferential seam, thus forming a welding execution unit.

[0035] Example 2: To further improve the device by automatically triggering the repair process based on real-time temperature changes in the weld area after laser welding of the wheel hub annular joint, and to achieve rapid switching between the cleaning and repair stations, allowing the repair agent to be applied promptly and evenly to the weld surface still at high temperature, thereby utilizing residual heat to promote the penetration and curing of the repair agent, filling any micropores, microcracks, and incomplete fusion defects that may exist on the weld surface, and improving the weld density and surface quality, further improvements are needed. Specifically: Refer to... Figures 8 to 16As shown, two sets of gap treatment mechanisms 12 are arranged oppositely on one of the upper and lower diagonals of the floating seat 10. The two sets of gap treatment mechanisms 12 are driven by a displacement drive device installed on the floating seat 10 to perform a displacement action, so that the two sets of gap treatment mechanisms 12 can be moved to the other upper and lower diagonal of the floating seat 10, so as to realize the alternating contact of the seam-fitting part of the two sets of gap treatment mechanisms 12 with the circumferential seam trajectory. The floating seat 10 is also equipped with a temperature sensing module 16 that can float and attach to the surface of the circumferential seam. It is used to monitor the temperature field change of the circumferential seam area in real time after welding is completed, and outputs a corresponding temperature feedback electrical signal to the control system when the temperature rises to a preset threshold. The control system sends a control command to the displacement drive device according to the electrical signal to drive the two sets of gap treatment mechanisms 12 to perform work station switching, so as to realize the alternating operation of the cleaning work station and the repair work station. To ensure that the seam-sealing part of the gap-sealing mechanism 12 can be accurately aligned with the circumferential seam trajectory after the repositioning action, effective avoidance is required when the two sets of gap-sealing mechanisms 12 move towards each other and intersect along the floating seat 10, avoiding motion interference between them during the repositioning stroke. Therefore, further improvements are needed to the guide path and avoidance structure of the gap-sealing mechanism 12: the surface of the floating seat 10 is fixed with second slide rails 101 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the centerline, and guide grooves 102 and repositioning grooves 103 respectively opened on the inner and outer sides of each second slide rail 101; the axial end sections of the repositioning groove 103 are parallel to the guide grooves 102 and form a centering guide track, while the middle section forms an outwardly curved and convex avoidance track; the gap-sealing mechanism 12 includes a slidingly mounted part on the first... A sliding seat 121 is mounted on the two slide rails 101 and can slide along its axial direction. One side of the sliding seat 121 extends downward and moves through the guide groove 102. A relief plate 122 is radially slidably mounted on the top of the sliding seat 121. A guide roller 123 is fixed at the bottom end of the relief plate 122 and passes downward into the repositioning groove 103. A seam applicator 124 is mounted on the top of the relief plate 122. The seam applicator 124 is the seam applicator used to applicate the circumferential seam. When the guide roller 123 slides along the repositioning groove 103 and enters the relief rail from the centering rail, under the guidance of the relief rail, the guide roller 123 drives the relief plate 122 and the seam applicator 124 to shift radially outward, so that the seam applicator 124 temporarily deviates from the center line of the circumferential seam, thereby avoiding motion interference between the two sets of seam treatment mechanisms 12 when they reposition and intersect. The shifting drive device includes a third motor 13 fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the floating seat 10. The output shaft of the third motor 13 is fixed to a drive gear 14 rotatably mounted on the lower surface of the floating seat 10 and arranged at the center line. The drive gears 14 are connected by a chain 15. The chain 15 is fixed to the end of the sliding seat 121 that moves through the guide groove 102. The third motor 13 drives the drive gear 14 to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise on a fixed axis. The rotational motion is then converted into linear reciprocating transmission via the chain 15 to drive the two gap processing mechanisms 12 to slide and shift. To enable the two sets of gap treatment mechanisms 12 to respectively perform cleaning and spraying repair functions, and to automatically open their respective flow paths as needed when their sealing parts are attached to the circumferential gap, the internal flow channel structure and opening and closing mechanism of the sealing head 124 need to be further optimized: The sealing head 124 includes a base pipe 1241 fixedly installed on the top of the relief plate 122. The base pipe 1241 extends radially to the center line and then bends towards the circumferential gap, and a telescopic component 1242 is movably nested at its top end; one end of the telescopic component 1242 is provided with an arc-shaped cover adapted to the curvature of the circumferential gap for attaching to the surface of the circumferential gap, and the other end is provided with a conical opening, which is movably penetrated by a top rod 1244, and an annular gap is left between the top rod 1244 and the peripheral wall of the conical opening for media flow; The top end of the rod 1244 is fixed with a sealing plug 1243 that fits the inner wall of the conical opening, and the bottom end is fixedly installed inside the base pipe 1241 via a fixing seat 1245. The telescopic member 1242 and the fixing seat 1245 are elastically connected via a second spring 1246. When the arc-shaped cover of the telescopic member 1242 is pressed against the surface of the annular gap under the floating adhesion action, the telescopic member 1242 generates an axial displacement relative to the base pipe 1241, so that the conical opening at its bottom end moves downward away from the sealing plug 1243 by a certain distance, thereby allowing the medium to enter the flow path through the annular gap. One set of base pipes 1241 is connected to an external negative pressure system to perform suction cleaning of the annular gap, and the other set of base pipes 1241 is connected to an external material supply system to perform repair agent spraying of the annular gap.

[0036] Working principle of this invention (welding method): S1. Clamping and Positioning: By placing the two halves of the wheel hub steel ring into the coaxially opposed clamping assembly 6, the axial alignment and radial clamping and fixing of the wheel hub steel ring can be achieved. Specifically, by rotating the adjusting screw 65 along the spiral groove of the adjusting seat 64, the rotating disk 62 can be driven to rotate around its own axis, thereby controlling the inclined groove 621 to rotate synchronously around the center. When the inclined groove 621 rotates in the divergent direction of its distal end, its outer contour surface will apply a normal thrust perpendicular to the contact point to the sliding contact surface of the jaw 63. After decomposition, the normal force generates a vertical component force, which guides the sliding rod of the jaw 63 to slide radially along the radial groove 611, thereby synchronously adjusting the radial distance between the multiple circumferentially distributed jaws 63, i.e., the clamping diameter, so as to achieve adaptive clamping and centering clamping for wheel hub steel rings of different diameters. S2, Centering and Merging: By controlling the clamping assembly 6, which holds the half-hull steel rings, to feed synchronously towards the centerline until the open end faces of the two half-hull steel rings are precisely aligned and tightly fitted, thus forming a complete annular joint; Specifically, the output shaft of the first motor 23 transmits the driving torque to the double-acting screw 21 via the coupling, driving the double-acting screw 21 to rotate around the axis of the first support 22; Since the outer circumferential surface of the double-acting screw 21 is provided with a mirror-symmetrically distributed spiral groove and is equipped with opposing slide blocks 4 as transmission mating parts, by controlling the forward and reverse rotation direction of the double-acting screw 21, the slide blocks 4 can be driven to slide in opposite directions along the guide surface of the first slide rail 7, thereby synchronously adjusting the axial distance between the two clamping assemblies 6, and realizing the precise centering and merging of the left and right half-hull steel rings; S3, Automatic Tracking: When the open end face of the half-hub steel ring converging towards the centerline meets the floating seat 10, it generates contact pressure, forcing the floating seat 10 to make radial retraction displacement, so that the seam-fitting part of the gap treatment mechanism 12 is precisely attached to the circumferential seam track; Specifically, when the open edge of the half-hub steel ring contacts the guide bevel of the abutment block 104, a normal contact pressure perpendicular to the contact surface is generated between the two. This normal pressure drives the floating seat 10 to retract and push into the shaft cavity of the sleeve 9, and simultaneously compresses the elastic energy storage element of the sleeve 9, so that the seam-fitting part of the gap treatment mechanism 12, which is responsible for cleaning and processing, installed on the floating seat 10, accurately falls to the surface of the circumferential seam track under the floating support, thereby realizing automatic tracking and adaptive follow-up attachment of the circumferential seam formed by the opening of the half-hub steel ring with different diameters; S4. Circumferential Seam Cleaning: The rotary drive device outputs rotational power to drive the integrated assembly consisting of the merged wheel hub steel ring and the clamping assembly 6 to rotate synchronously around its own axis. This, in conjunction with the seam cleaning mechanism 12, which is positioned on the circumferential seam track in a floating attachment state, enables continuous suction cleaning of the circumferential seam throughout its full circumferential stroke, effectively removing dust, oil, and other surface contaminants adhering to the seam area. Specifically, the output shaft of the second motor 33 transmits the driving torque to the spline shaft 31 via a coupling, causing the spline shaft 31 to rotate around the axis of the second support 32. Since the spline shaft 31 slides through the spline wheel 51, and... A circumferential constraint structure is set between the two to achieve synchronous torque transmission. Therefore, the rotational power output by the spline shaft 31 can be transmitted to the pulley 52 via the synchronous belt 53, which in turn drives the clamping assemblies 6 on both sides to rotate synchronously at the same angular velocity. This avoids relative circumferential misalignment of the left and right halves of the wheel hub steel ring during rotation and does not interfere with the aggregation motion, ensuring the morphological stability and trajectory consistency of the annular joint throughout the cleaning process. At this time, the seam-adhering part of the gap treatment mechanism 12 responsible for cleaning is tightly adhered to the surface of the annular joint under the floating adhesion action. Through the continuous suction force provided by the external negative pressure system, the entire circumferential area of ​​the annular joint can be continuously and uniformly suctioned and cleaned. S5. Circumferential Seam Welding: The laser beam output by the laser welder 8 is focused at a set angle onto the continuously rotating annular seam surface. During the synchronous rotation of the cleaned and joined wheel hub steel ring with the clamping assembly 6, the laser beam continuously scans and irradiates along the circumferential trajectory of the annular seam, causing the base material in the seam area to melt rapidly and form a stable molten pool. As the wheel hub rotates at a uniform speed, the molten pool solidifies and crystallizes, forming a continuous and dense weld structure. By optimizing the process parameters such as the laser power, defocusing amount, and scanning speed of the laser welder 8, the heat input and the depth and width of the weld can be effectively controlled, ensuring that the weld formation is uniform and full, without defects such as porosity, cracks, and lack of fusion, thereby achieving high-quality continuous laser welding of the cleaned annular seam. S6. Temperature-controlled repositioning: The temperature sensing module 16, which is also floating and attached to the circumferential seam track, monitors the temperature field changes in the circumferential seam area after welding in real time. When the temperature at the circumferential seam rises to a preset peak threshold, the temperature sensing module 16 immediately outputs a corresponding temperature feedback electrical signal to the control system. After receiving the signal, the control system sends a control command to the repositioning drive device to control the two gap treatment mechanisms 12 symmetrically arranged along the centerline to perform a work position switch, so that the gap treatment mechanism 12 responsible for spraying the repair agent replaces the previous gap treatment mechanism 12 responsible for cleaning and accurately falls onto the circumferential seam track. Specifically, the output shaft of the third motor 13 can drive the drive gear 14 to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise, thereby driving the transmission chain 15 to achieve forward or reverse reciprocating transmission. When the third motor 13 receives the control system's command, it can drive the drive gear 14 to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise, thereby driving the drive chain 15 to achieve forward or reverse reciprocating transmission. When a high-temperature repositioning control command is issued, the third motor 13 drives the drive gear 14 and chain 15 to synchronously transmit in a counterclockwise direction, thereby driving the left-side cleaning mechanism 12 to move downward along the guide track, and simultaneously driving the right-side repair mechanism 12 to move upward along the guide track, until the two meet midway through the stroke and then continue to move away from each other and reach their respective motion limit positions; when the left-side cleaning mechanism 12 and the right-side repair mechanism 12 enter the convex repositioning guide track section from the linear guide section of the repositioning groove 103, the seam-sealing part of the left-side seam-sealing mechanism 12 and the seam-sealing part of the right-side seam-sealing mechanism 12 move outward in a yielding posture, so that after the repositioning action is completed, the two can be re-aligned with the circumferential seam track, thereby realizing the rapid switching between the cleaning station and the repair station; S7. Deep Repair: The joint-applying part of the gap treatment mechanism 12, responsible for repair, adheres tightly to the surface of the circumferential joint under the floating adhesion action. Continuous spraying of repair agent provided by an external supply system, combined with the rotary drive device driving the wheel hub steel rim and clamping assembly 6 to rotate synchronously and uniformly, allows for continuous and uniform auxiliary repair work on the entire circumferential area of ​​the circumferential joint. Under the combined action of centrifugal force and capillary penetration, the repair agent penetrates deep into the tiny gaps and surface micro-cracks of the weld, effectively bridging and covering surface defects. This repair process further improves the weld formation quality, fills in potential micro-pores and incomplete fusion defects, and enhances the density and smoothness of the weld surface. This, in turn, enhances the fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance of the circumferential joint area during subsequent use, comprehensively improving the overall welding quality and service reliability of the wheel hub circumferential joint.

[0037] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, in accordance with the technical plan and improved concept of the present invention, should be included under the protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart welding device for steel rims used in wheel hub production, comprising two sets of clamping assemblies (6) mirror-opposite for clamping half-body wheel hub steel rims, and a slide (4) for assembling the corresponding clamping assemblies (6) and capable of sliding displacement towards or away from each other, wherein the clamping assemblies (6) are rotatably mounted on the slide (4), characterized in that: A radially arranged floating seat (10) is installed at the circumferential seam formed by the aggregation and merging of the half-body wheel hub steel ring. The floating seat (10) is provided with abutment blocks (104) on both sides near the circumferential seam and a gap treatment mechanism (12) located between the abutment blocks (104) and abutting against the circumferential seam. When the open end face of the half-body wheel hub steel ring is aggregated and merged, its edge contacts the guide inclined edge of the abutment block (104) and generates normal pressure. This normal pressure drives the floating seat (10) to retreat radially outward, so that the seam-fitting part of the gap treatment mechanism (12) adaptively attaches to the circumferential seam trajectory of wheel hubs with different diameters and widths under the floating support, thereby realizing automatic tracking and follow-up fitting of the circumferential seam. The wheel hub steel rim rotates continuously under the drive of the rotary drive device to clean the complete circumferential stroke of the annular joint.

2. The intelligent welding device for steel rims used in wheel hub production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The floating seat (10) is movably embedded in the guide cavity of the sleeve (9) at the end away from the circumferential seam and slides axially with it. An elastic energy storage element is provided between the floating seat (10) and the sleeve (9) to provide a reset driving force after radial retraction and to maintain the floating preload of the floating seat (10) towards the circumferential seam. The sleeve (9) is fixedly installed on the processing table (1) below the slide (4). The floating seat (10) has abutting blocks (104) with a conical structure on both sides near the circumferential seam. The abutting blocks (104) have a guide bevel on at least one side facing the opening of the half-hub steel ring. The guide bevel is used to press and cooperate with the opening edge when the half-hub steel rings come together. The contact force is decomposed into a component force that drives the floating seat (10) to retract radially through the guide bevel, so that the circumferential seams formed by the aggregation and merging of half-hub steel rings of different specifications can be collinearly fitted with the seam-sealing part of the gap treatment mechanism (12).

3. The intelligent welding device for steel rims used in wheel hub production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slide block (4) slides in cooperation with the first slide rail (7) on the processing table (1), and the processing table (1) is provided with a central drive mechanism (2) for driving the two slide blocks (4) to slide synchronously towards each other or away from each other, so as to adjust the clamping distance of the two half-body wheel hub steel rings equally and realize their convergence.

4. The intelligent welding device for steel rims used in wheel hub production according to claim 3, characterized in that: The processing table (1) is provided with a rotary drive device, which includes a rotary power component (3) and a rotary transmission component (5) that transmits the torque of the rotary power component (3) to the clamping assembly (6). The rotary transmission component (5) is located on the slide (4) and can move with the slide (4). The spline wheel (51) of the rotary transmission component (5) is slidably engaged with the spline shaft (31) of the rotary power component (3), and a circumferential constraint structure is provided between them to maintain torque transmission when the slide (4) adjusts the spacing, and to make the rotary drive and the convergence drive of the wheel hub steel ring cooperate and not interfere with each other.

5. The intelligent welding device for steel rims used in wheel hub production according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: On the opposite side of the rotary transmission assembly (5), there is a clamping assembly (6) rotatably mounted on the slide (4). The clamping assembly (6) includes a base plate (61) coaxially fixed with the pulley (52) of the rotary transmission assembly (5) and a rotating plate (62) rotatably mounted on the base plate (61). The base plate (61) and the rotating plate (62) are respectively provided with radially arranged grooves (611) and inclined grooves (621) in a circumferential manner. The radial grooves (611) extend radially, and the inclined grooves (621) extend obliquely and are perpendicular to each other. Radial grooves (611) are distributed in an intersecting manner; a gripper (63) corresponding to the inclined groove (621) is provided on the rotating disk (62). The gripper (63) has a clamping part and a sliding rod that passes through the inclined groove (621) and the radial groove (611). An anti-disengagement limiting structure is provided between the sliding rod and the radial groove (611) to constrain the radial sliding stroke of the gripper (63) along the radial groove (611); the outer peripheral wall of the rotating disk (62) is provided with a toothed part, which is driven to rotate by an adjustment drive device installed on the end face of the base disk (61).

6. The intelligent welding device for steel rims used in wheel hub production according to claim 1, characterized in that: A laser welder (8) is installed at the circumferential seam formed by the aggregation and merging of the half-body wheel hub steel ring. The laser welder (8) is supported above the processing table (1) by a gantry frame. The output end of the laser welder (8) has a telescopic stroke perpendicular to the direction of the circumferential seam. Its working end can extend to the top of the circumferential seam and close to the joint surface to be positioned at the work station and form a welding execution unit.

7. The intelligent welding device for steel rims used in wheel hub production according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two sets of gap treatment mechanisms (12) are distributed opposite each other on the floating seat (10). The two sets of gap treatment mechanisms (12) are driven by the position shifting drive device to alternately fit into the circumferential seam. The floating seat (10) is also provided with a temperature sensing module (16). The temperature sensing module (16) is used to monitor the temperature of the circumferential seam after welding and to feed back a signal to the control system. The control system controls the position shifting drive device to drive the two sets of gap treatment mechanisms (12) to switch positions according to the signal, so as to realize the alternating operation of cleaning and repair.

8. The intelligent welding device for steel rims used in wheel hub production according to claim 7, characterized in that: The floating seat (10) is provided with second slide rails (101) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the center line and guide grooves (102) and shift grooves (103) respectively provided on the inner and outer sides of each second slide rail (101). The two ends of the shift groove (103) are parallel to the guide grooves (102) to form a centering track, and the middle part forms an outward bending avoidance track; the gap treatment mechanism (12) includes a sliding seat (121) slidably disposed on the second slide rail (101) and along The sliding seat (121) has a radially sliding relief plate (122) and a sealing head (124) fixed to the top of the relief plate (122). The bottom of the relief plate (122) is provided with a guide roller (123) that passes through the shifting groove (103). When the guide roller (123) enters the relief track from the centering track along the shifting groove (103), it drives the relief plate (122) and the sealing head (124) to shift outward so that the sealing head (124) deviates from the center line.

9. The intelligent welding device for steel rims used in wheel hub production according to claim 8, characterized in that: The sealing head (124) includes a base tube (1241) fixed to the top of the relief plate (122). The base tube (1241) extends to the center line and then bends towards the circumferential seam. A telescopic component (1242) is movably nested at its top end. One end of the telescopic component (1242) is provided with an arc-shaped cover adapted to the curvature of the circumferential seam, and the other end is provided with a conical opening. A top rod (1244) is movably inserted through the conical opening, and a medium flow gap is left between the two. A sealing plug (1243) adapted to the conical opening is fixed at the top end of the top rod (1244), and the bottom end is connected to a fixing seat. (1245) is fixed inside the base pipe (1241), and the telescopic component (1242) and the fixed seat (1245) are elastically connected by the second spring (1246); when the arc-shaped cover of the telescopic component (1242) is attached to the circumferential seam, the telescopic component (1242) is axially displaced relative to the base pipe (1241) so that the conical opening is away from the sealing plug (1243) and the medium flows through the gap; one set of base pipes (1241) is connected to the negative pressure system to perform cleaning, and the other set of base pipes (1241) is connected to the material supply system to perform repair spraying.

10. A method for intelligent welding of steel rims for wheel hub production, based on the intelligent welding device for steel rims for wheel hub production as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Clamping and positioning: The two half-hub steel rings are respectively placed into the coaxially opposed clamping assembly (6) to achieve axial alignment and radial clamping and fixing of the hub steel rings; S2, Centering and Merging: Control the clamping assembly (6) with the half-hub steel ring clamped to feed synchronously towards the center line until the open end faces of the two half-hub steel rings are precisely aligned and tightly fitted to form a complete annular joint. S3, Automatic Tracking: When the open end face of the half-body wheel hub steel ring converging towards the center line meets the floating seat (10), it generates contact pressure, forcing the floating seat (10) to make a radial displacement, so that the seam-fitting part of the gap treatment mechanism (12) is just attached to the circumferential seam track. S4. Circumferential seam cleaning: The integrated assembly consisting of the combined wheel hub steel ring and the clamping assembly (6) is driven by the rotary drive device to rotate synchronously around its own axis. The seam treatment mechanism (12) is positioned on the circumferential seam track in a floating attachment state to continuously suck and clean the circumferential seam on its complete circumferential stroke to remove dust, oil and other surface contaminants attached to the seam area. S5, circumferential weld: The laser welding beam output by the laser welder (8) is focused on the continuously rotating annular joint surface. During the synchronous rotation of the wheel hub steel ring with the clamping assembly (6), the laser beam continuously scans and irradiates along the circumferential trajectory of the annular joint, causing the base material in the joint area to melt and form a weld structure. S6, Temperature-changing position: The temperature sensing module (16) positioned on the circumferential seam track monitors the temperature change of the circumferential seam area in real time after welding. When the temperature at the circumferential seam rises to a preset threshold, the temperature sensing module (16) outputs a temperature feedback electrical signal to the control system. The control system then sends a control command to the position driving device to drive the two gap treatment mechanisms (12) to perform a workstation switch, so that the gap treatment mechanism (12) responsible for spraying the repair agent replaces the gap treatment mechanism (12) previously responsible for cleaning and is positioned on the circumferential seam track. S7. Deep Repair: The joint-fitting part of the gap treatment mechanism (12) responsible for repair is attached to the surface of the circumferential seam under the floating attachment action. The repair agent is continuously sprayed through the external material supply system. The hub steel ring and the clamping assembly (6) are driven to rotate synchronously by the rotary drive device to carry out continuous and uniform auxiliary repair work on the entire circumferential area of ​​the circumferential seam, so that the repair agent penetrates into the tiny gaps and surface micro-cracks of the weld, and realizes the repair and coverage of the surface defects of the weld.

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