A tool surface micro-texture preparation method based on laser-abrasive local ultrasonic vibration grinding gradient strengthening

Abstract

The application discloses a tool surface micro-texture preparation method based on laser-grit local ultrasonic vibration grinding gradient strengthening and a tool. The preparation method comprises the following steps: forming an inner-concave micro-texture on the tool surface through laser processing; performing in-situ thermal scanning on the region with the micro-texture formed through continuous fiber laser, so that a strengthened support layer obtained by phase transformation hardening of the tool matrix is formed at the bottom of the micro-texture; covering a mixed abrasive particle medium containing abrasive micro-powder and a liquid carrier on the surface of the tool provided with the micro-texture, so that at least part of the mixed abrasive particle medium enters the micro-texture and forms an abrasive medium film layer on the tool surface; and making a spherical indenter abut against the surface of the tool provided with the micro-texture and move along the tool surface in an ultrasonic vibration state to perform vibration grinding treatment on the micro-texture. The application can perform composite strengthening and finishing treatment on the bottom and inner wall of the micro-texture without relying on a heterogeneous coating or a filling layer, and improve the load stability, surface quality and service reliability of the micro-texture region of the tool.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of surface modification and precision machining of metallic materials, specifically to a method for preparing microtextures on tool surfaces based on laser-abrasive local ultrasonic vibration crushing gradient strengthening. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing demands for machining difficult-to-machine materials in fields such as aerospace and precision mold making, the wear resistance and friction reduction properties of cutting tools under high friction, high temperature, and alternating load conditions have attracted widespread attention. Microtexturing technology on tool surfaces, capable of storing lubricating media, capturing abrasive particles, and improving the contact state of friction pairs, has become an important way to enhance tool performance. Common microtexturing techniques typically involve forming grooves, lattice structures, or biomimetic pits on the tool surface through laser processing, electrical discharge machining, or mechanical scribing to improve lubrication conditions at the cutting interface.

[0003] However, microtexturing inherently requires the removal of a portion of the tool matrix material. As the depth, width, or area of ​​the microtexture increases, the effective load-bearing cross section of the tool decreases, and stress concentration easily occurs at the root of the microtexture, thereby reducing the tool's bending strength. Under conditions such as interrupted cutting and heavy-duty cutting, these areas are prone to becoming crack initiation sites, leading to failures such as chipping, crack propagation, or localized spalling.

[0004] To compensate for the strength loss caused by microtexture and improve wear resistance, existing technologies typically employ methods such as coating deposition, laser cladding, or microtexture filling for reinforcement. For example, patent CN121267198A uses photopolymerization molding technology to solidify non-metallic fillers, allowing the fillers to form a reinforced lubrication composite filler layer in situ in the microtexture depression areas, thereby improving lubrication durability. Another example is patent CN119615150A, which extends the lubrication effect by depositing soft and hard coating materials and uses electrohydrodynamic atomization technology and composite laser micro-cladding technology to prepare a hard coating texture, thereby improving coating bonding strength and reducing process costs.

[0005] However, the above solutions still mainly rely on heterogeneous filler materials, external coatings, or cladding layers to strengthen the microtextured regions. Under high-temperature cycling, strong frictional shearing, and impact loads, the filler layer or coating may still experience cracking, peeling, or delamination between the filler layer or coating and the tool substrate due to thermal expansion mismatch, insufficient interfacial bonding strength, or uneven residual stress, affecting long-term service stability.

[0006] Furthermore, while laser processing is suitable for fabricating microtextures on the surfaces of small, complex-shaped cutting tools, it is a high-energy-density, instantaneous thermal processing procedure. When a laser beam acts on the tool surface, localized materials rapidly melt, vaporize, and solidify, easily forming remelted layers, resolidified slag, spatter deposits, and heat-affected zones on the inner walls and bottom of the microtexture. Especially in concave microtextures such as grooved, lattice-shaped, or biomimetic pits, ablation products tend to adhere to the sidewalls, root corners, and bottom areas, forming irregular protrusions or localized blockages.

[0007] For micron-level narrow and deep trenches, the opening size is small and the depth-to-width ratio is large, making it difficult for traditional brushing, spray cleaning, or mechanical polishing tools to penetrate deep enough to adequately treat the bottom and sidewalls of the texture. Using strong mechanical cleaning methods can easily damage the original geometry of the microtexture and cause secondary scratches on the tool plane. Therefore, remelted slag and deposits remaining inside the microtexture after laser processing are usually difficult to remove completely.

[0008] The aforementioned residues increase the roughness of the microtexture's inner wall, alter the true internal contour of the texture, and reduce surface wettability. This decreases the ability of cutting fluid to spread and retain within the microtexture, thereby weakening its capillary absorption, storage, and supply effects. Furthermore, the residual remelted layer may contain defects such as microcracks, pores, or uneven microstructure, which can easily become crack initiation sources under alternating cutting loads, affecting the service stability of microtextured tools.

[0009] Meanwhile, traditional post-processing methods such as mechanical polishing and roll forming rely heavily on direct contact between the tool and the machined surface, making them ineffective at the bottom and sidewalls of narrow and deep microtextures. Ordinary abrasive-assisted machining, on the other hand, easily scratches untextured planar areas and fails to adequately transfer energy within the texture, hindering uniform finishing and residual stress control. Therefore, existing surface strengthening technologies for microtextured tools still suffer from problems such as substrate strength attenuation, insufficient reliability of coating or filler layer interfaces, difficulty in removing laser residues, and challenges in achieving uniform strengthening within the texture. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and to provide a method for preparing microtextures on the surface of a cutting tool based on laser-abrasive local ultrasonic vibration crushing gradient strengthening and the cutting tool made therefrom. This method solves the problems of decreased bending strength caused by increased microtexture depth, easy peeling of traditional strengthening coatings under cyclic loading, microcracks caused by laser heat-affected zone, and residual slag and rough inner wall inside the groove.

[0011] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing microtextures on the surface of a cutting tool based on laser-abrasive local ultrasonic vibration crushing gradient strengthening, comprising:

[0012] A concave microtexture is formed on the surface of a cutting tool by using pulsed laser.

[0013] In-situ thermal scanning of the region with the microtexture is performed using a continuous fiber laser, resulting in a reinforced support layer at the bottom of the microtexture, which is obtained by phase transformation hardening of the tool substrate.

[0014] A mixed abrasive medium containing abrasive microparticles and a liquid carrier is applied to the surface of the cutting tool with the microtexture, such that at least part of the mixed abrasive medium enters the microtexture, and the mixed abrasive medium forms an abrasive medium film layer on the cutting tool surface with a thickness greater than 1.5 times the median diameter of the abrasive microparticles.

[0015] A spherical indenter is used to press against the surface of the cutting tool with the microtexture and moves across the cutting tool surface under ultrasonic vibration to perform vibration and grinding on the microtexture, so that the abrasive powder entering the microtexture impacts the inner surface of the microtexture under ultrasonic vibration.

[0016] Preferably, the median diameter of the abrasive powder is... for ; The width of the groove in the microtexture.

[0017] Preferably, the process of coating the mixed abrasive medium onto the tool surface is as follows: the mixed abrasive medium is atomized and sprayed onto the surface of the tool with the microtexture, wherein the atomization pressure of the atomization spray is 0.4MPa to 0.6MPa and the flow rate is 20ml / h to 50ml / h.

[0018] Preferably, the depth of the microtexture is 50 μm to 300 μm; the thickness of the abrasive medium film is 20 μm to 50 μm; and the median diameter of the abrasive powder is 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of the thickness of the abrasive medium film. The mass fraction of the abrasive powder in the mixed abrasive medium is 10% to 25%.

[0019] Preferably, the radius of the spherical indenter is 2mm to 5mm, the static pressure of the spherical indenter on the tool surface is 100N to 300N, the ultrasonic vibration frequency of the spherical indenter is 20kHz to 40kHz, and the amplitude is 10μm to 20μm.

[0020] Preferably, the spherical indenter moves along a preset scanning path under ultrasonic vibration, the preset scanning path being a serpentine scanning path, the scanning speed of the spherical indenter being 0.01 mm / s to 0.1 mm / s, and the spacing between adjacent scanning paths being 20 μm to 50 μm.

[0021] Preferably, when performing in-situ thermal scanning using a continuous fiber laser, a protective gas is introduced into the thermal scanning area. The continuous fiber laser has a spot diameter of 1.5 mm to 3 mm, a beam overlap rate of 50% to 70%, and a scanning rate of 10 mm / s to 20 mm / s; the in-situ thermal scanning causes martensitic structure to form at the bottom of the microtexture and in the adjacent matrix region.

[0022] Preferably, the abrasive powder is one or more of silicon carbide powder, diamond powder, and alumina powder; the liquid carrier is a synthetic oil medium. The hardness of the abrasive powder is greater than the hardness of the reinforcing support layer.

[0023] Preferably, the microtexture is a groove-type microtexture, a lattice-type microtexture, or a biomimetic structural microtexture.

[0024] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a cutting tool, which includes a cutting tool substrate and a gradient-reinforced microtexture disposed on the surface of the cutting tool substrate; the gradient-reinforced microtexture is prepared by the aforementioned preparation method.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0026] 1. This invention uses an ultrasonic transducer to drive a spherical indenter to perform high-frequency vibratory grinding on the microtextured area, forming a local processing chamber between the indenter and the concave microtexture. At the same time, the high-frequency vibrating indenter causes the abrasive medium to diffuse outward in the planar area without microtexture, rather than concentrating on the tool surface. Therefore, this invention can enhance the effect of concentrating the action on the inner wall and bottom of the microtexture and avoiding damage to the planar area.

[0027] 2. This invention uses a spherical indenter to excite the acoustic cavitation effect in a liquid abrasive medium, driving the abrasive powder to produce a directional impact, thereby achieving the effect of stripping the remelted layer remaining on the inner wall and bottom of the microtexture after laser thermal scanning and improving the internal surface quality of the microtexture.

[0028] 3. This invention overcomes the limitation that rigid indenters cannot directly contact the bottom of microtextures by enhancing the high-frequency impact and micro-cutting effect of abrasive media during ultrasonic vibratory milling, thereby achieving the effect of non-direct contact finishing and strengthening of hidden areas such as the sidewalls and bottom of the grooves.

[0029] 4. This invention utilizes the ordered synergy of pulsed laser forming and continuous fiber laser phase transformation strengthening to form a martensitic hard layer at the bottom of the microtexture without introducing heterogeneous filler materials. This achieves the effect of offsetting the strength attenuation caused by the removal of microtexture materials and improving the reliability of the tool's load-bearing capacity. Furthermore, this invention introduces residual compressive stress into the inner wall and subsurface layer of the microtexture through ultrasonic vibratory rolling, forming an overlapping strengthening stress field. This achieves the effect of suppressing crack initiation under alternating loads and improving the fatigue resistance and service stability of the microtexture region.

[0030] 5. This invention achieves the effects of increasing the hardness of the microtexture root, reducing stress sensitivity, and enhancing the bending resistance of the tool by performing in-situ thermal scanning of the textured region during laser quenching and using protective gas to suppress oxidation and decarburization. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the preparation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process steps of the preparation method provided in the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To better explain and facilitate understanding of the present invention, the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0034] Example

[0035] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a method for preparing microtextures on the surface of a cutting tool based on laser-abrasive local ultrasonic vibration crushing gradient reinforcement includes the following steps:

[0036] Step S1: Microtexture Design Stage: Based on the requirement to reduce tool friction, determine the concave microtexture morphology. The microtexture can preferably be grooved, lattice-shaped, or biomimetic. The design depth of the microtexture is 50-300 μm. In actual implementation, by adjusting the topological geometry parameters of the microtexture, the cutting fluid storage space and abrasive grain capture capability are maximized while ensuring the strength of the tool matrix.

[0037] Step S2: Microtexturing Stage: Microtexturing is performed on the tool surface using a nanosecond laser with a working wavelength of 1060nm. The processing parameters are set as follows: scanning speed 50-200mm / s, laser power 15-35W, and frequency 20-100kHz. Utilizing the ultrashort pulse energy accumulation effect of nanosecond pulses, the heat-affected zone is controlled within an extremely small range. Simultaneously, the overlap rate of the nanosecond laser processing spot is 30%-50%, resulting in microtextured units with high-fidelity geometric contours.

[0038] Step S3: Laser Quenching and Strengthening Stage: In-situ thermal scanning of the textured region formed after processing in Step S2 is performed using a continuous fiber laser. Argon gas with a flow rate of 10 L / min is used as a protective gas during the scanning process, with the argon protective nozzle positioned 8-12 mm away from the tool surface to ensure that the hardened region does not oxidize or decarburize during the thermal scanning. A circular laser spot with a diameter of 1.5-3 mm is used in the in-situ thermal scanning, with a beam overlap rate of 50%-70%, and the scanning rate is controlled at 10-20 mm / s. The high energy density of the continuous fiber laser induces deep phase transformation hardening in the matrix, constructing a martensitic hard layer with a hardness greater than 65 HRC on the inner surface of the microtexture, thereby forming a continuous reinforcing support layer at the bottom of the microtexture. During laser quenching, remelted slag that needs to be cleaned forms locally on the reinforcing support layer.

[0039] In some embodiments, during laser strengthening, to address the abrupt change in cross-sectional strength of the tool caused by microtexture peeling, an IPG continuous fiber laser is used for in-situ thermal scanning of the textured region. The laser power density is set to 2.5 × 10⁻⁶. 4 W / cm 2 With a spot overlap rate of 50%-70%, a low-speed scan of 10-20 mm / s induces a gradient martensitic structure with a depth of 0.2-0.6 mm at the bottom of the microtexture. This reinforced support layer not only increases the local hardness to above 65 HRC, but also introduces prestress at the bottom of the microtexture through phase transformation volume expansion, thereby improving the flexural strength. This structural reconstruction reduces the rate of flexural strength decay even when the microtexture depth reaches 200-300 μm.

[0040] Step S4: Abrasive Media Selection and Proportioning Stage: Based on the hardness of the substrate after quenching, select hard abrasive micropowder. The abrasive micropowder is silicon carbide, diamond, or alumina powder, and its hardness must be greater than the hardness of the reinforcing support layer formed by the microtexture in step S3. The median diameter of the abrasive micropowder... With texture width satisfy Scope. The abrasive powder is dispersed in synthetic oil medium at a mass concentration of 10%-25% to form a mixed abrasive medium.

[0041] In some embodiments, silicon carbide or diamond multi-faceted micro powder is selected as the abrasive, which is suspended in a solution with a viscosity of 15-20 mm. 2 In synthetic oil medium at / s.

[0042] Step S5: Micro-spraying stage: The mixed abrasive medium is targeted and atomized onto the surface of the tool with micro-texture using a micro-lubrication system. The atomization pressure is set to 0.4-0.6 MPa, and the flow rate is controlled at 20-50 ml / h. Through fluid wettability, an abrasive medium film layer with a thickness of 20-50 μm is constructed on the tool surface, allowing the abrasive powder to pre-fill the interior of the micro-texture grooves, providing a medium for subsequent acoustic enhancement.

[0043] In some embodiments, the thickness of the abrasive medium film is 1.5-3 times the median diameter of the abrasive powder. At this film thickness, the dynamic pressure effect generated by the impact of the spherical indenter in step S6 creates an outward repulsive flow field in the platform region, ensuring that the solid abrasive powder only makes minimal contact with the platform surface. This solves the problem of scratches outside the reinforcement blind zone that is very easy to occur in abrasive-assisted processing. At the same time, the wettability of the liquid carrier ensures that the abrasive powder achieves a pre-filling rate of more than 95% in the narrow and deep grooves, providing a continuous phase carrier for energy transfer in the subsequent step S6.

[0044] Step S6: Ultrasonic Vibration and Crushing Strengthening Stage: Place the spherical indenter connected to the ultrasonic transducer against the surface of the tool with microtextured features, maintaining a static pressure of 100-300N. Drive the spherical indenter to vibrate at a high frequency using the ultrasonic transducer, with an ultrasonic frequency of 20-40kHz and an amplitude of 10-20μm.

[0045] High-frequency vibration is driven to scan and move on the surface of the tool with microtexture to achieve low-speed vibratory rolling. The scanning speed of vibratory rolling is 0.01-0.1 mm / s. The low-speed vibratory rolling scan is performed along a serpentine path with a scanning path spacing of 20 μm to ensure that the spherical indenter forms an overlapping reinforced stress field.

[0046] When the spherical indenter comes into contact with the unprocessed microtexture area on the tool, the vibration of the spherical indenter causes the mixed abrasive media to spread in all directions, rather than concentrating on the tool surface. This avoids the formation of a large number of scratches on the unprocessed microtexture area of ​​the tool and protects the surface accuracy of the tool.

[0047] When the spherical indenter comes into contact with the microtexture on the cutting tool, a machining chamber is formed between the spherical indenter and the concave microtexture. The vibration of the spherical indenter drives the abrasive powder in the mixed abrasive medium to impact the inner wall of the microtexture at high frequency, peeling off the remelted slag remaining from the laser processing and injecting residual compressive stress deep into the matrix.

[0048] In some embodiments, the spherical indenter is made of WC-Co cemented carbide; the radius R of the spherical indenter is preferably 3 mm. At a frequency of 20-40 kHz and an amplitude of 10-20 μm, the ultrasonic energy is converted into the directional kinetic energy of the abrasive particles by utilizing the acoustic cavitation effect excited by the spherical indenter in the liquid medium. In this embodiment, the abrasive is driven as a micro-cutting edge to penetrate deep into the groove sidewall at a low scanning speed of 0.01-0.1 mm / s, overcoming the limitation of traditional methods where the spherical indenter cannot reach the bottom of the groove due to geometric interference, resulting in ineffective processing of the microtexture bottom. This removes the brittle remelted layer and microcrack initiation zone with a thickness of 5-15 μm. This non-direct contact impact strengthening achieves residual compressive stress injection throughout the microtexture. Simultaneously, under the impact grinding of the abrasive powder, the roughness of the inner wall of the microtexture can be reduced from Ra1.6 μm to below Ra1 μm. This stress field reconstruction significantly optimizes capillary efficiency, extending lubrication life.

[0049] Step S7: Post-processing stage: Use an ultrasonic cleaning device to remove residual abrasive particles and media inside the microtexture. Set the cleaning fluid temperature to 40-60℃ and the cleaning time to 20-30 minutes. This embodiment utilizes a high-frequency ultrasonic cleaning device to thoroughly remove residual abrasive particles and machining debris inside the grooves, optimizing the capillary transport characteristics of the surface.

[0050] The surface hardness and subsurface microstructure were then verified using scanning electron microscopy and a microhardness tester. The microtexture processed in this embodiment effectively reduces the coefficient of friction on the tool surface. Simultaneously, because the remelted slag formed during laser processing is eliminated, the wettability of the microtexture is significantly improved, thereby promoting the entry of lubricant into the microtexture, enhancing the lubrication effect during tool processing, and effectively increasing tool life.

[0051] This embodiment provides a method for preparing tool surface microtextures based on laser-abrasive local ultrasonic vibration crushing gradient strengthening. The aim is to achieve high wear resistance and a low coefficient of friction by precisely controlling the microtexture configuration, constructing a hard self-supporting layer through laser quenching, and employing flexible finishing driven by an acoustic flow field. Its working principle can be divided into the following key steps:

[0052] First, during the microtexture construction stage, a concave structure with fluid storage and friction-reducing functions is formed on the tool surface based on the friction characteristics and lubrication requirements of the cutting area. The resulting microtexture improves the lubrication conditions at the cutting interface and provides space for subsequent strengthening media. Simultaneously, the localized machining characteristics of pulsed lasers ensure high contour consistency of the microtexture, thereby reducing its adverse impact on the overall load-bearing capacity of the tool.

[0053] Secondly, during the matrix strengthening stage, localized thermal effects are applied to the microtextured region, causing the formation of a hardened structure at the bottom and adjacent areas of the texture. This strengthened region can construct a continuous support structure at the root of the microtexture to alleviate the problem of localized stress concentration after material removal, and through microstructural transformation, form a residual stress state that is conducive to inhibiting crack propagation, thereby improving the fatigue resistance and fracture resistance of the microtextured region.

[0054] Furthermore, in the abrasive media construction stage, hard abrasives and liquid carriers are combined to form a composite abrasive media, which is then introduced into the microtexture. The liquid carrier can form a continuous wetting layer in the textured region, which on the one hand improves the uniformity of abrasive distribution in the narrow and deep structure, and on the other hand provides a fluid medium for subsequent ultrasonic vibration energy transfer, thereby enhancing the efficiency of action within the texture.

[0055] Finally, in the ultrasonic vibratory milling stage, high-frequency vibration induces acoustic flow and cavitation effects within the microtexture, driving suspended abrasive particles to impact and micro-cut the sidewalls and bottom of the texture. This process removes residual remelted layers, slag, and micro-defects from laser processing and improves the surface quality within the microtexture. Simultaneously, ultrasonic vibration introduces a compressive stress field into the surface layer, reducing crack initiation tendency and improving surface stability.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] A cutting tool includes a tool substrate and a gradient-reinforced microtexture disposed on the surface of the tool substrate. The gradient-reinforced microtexture is prepared by the preparation method described in Example 1. The bottom and adjacent region of the gradient-reinforced microtexture have a reinforcing support layer formed by phase transformation hardening of the tool substrate, the reinforcing support layer comprising martensitic structure; the inner wall and bottom of the gradient-reinforced microtexture have a finished reinforced surface formed by ultrasonic vibratory milling with abrasive media.

[0058] In some embodiments, the gradient-enhanced microtexture is a grooved microtexture, a lattice-type microtexture, or a biomimetic structural microtexture; the depth of the gradient-enhanced microtexture is 50 μm to 300 μm. The tool can be a turning tool, a milling tool, a drilling tool, or other metal cutting tool with a cutting edge and a rake face.

[0059] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent modifications made based on the content of the present invention specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing microtextures on the surface of a cutting tool based on laser-abrasive local ultrasonic vibration crushing gradient strengthening, characterized in that, include: A concave microtexture is formed on the surface of a cutting tool by laser processing; In-situ thermal scanning of the region with the microtexture is performed using a continuous fiber laser, so that a reinforced support layer obtained by phase transformation hardening of the tool matrix is ​​formed at the bottom of the microtexture. A mixed abrasive medium containing abrasive powder and liquid carrier is applied to the surface of the tool with the microtexture, so that at least part of the mixed abrasive medium enters the microtexture, and the mixed abrasive medium forms an abrasive medium film layer on the tool surface with a thickness greater than 1.5 times the median diameter of the abrasive powder. The spherical indenter is brought into contact with the surface of the tool where the microtexture is located, and moves across the tool surface under ultrasonic vibration to perform vibratory rolling treatment on the microtexture.

2. The method for preparing microtextures on the surface of a cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The median diameter of the abrasive powder for ; The width of the groove in the microtexture.

3. The method for preparing microtextures on the surface of a cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of applying the mixed abrasive medium to the tool surface is as follows: the mixed abrasive medium is atomized and sprayed onto the surface of the tool with the microtexture, wherein the atomization pressure of the atomization spray is 0.4MPa to 0.6MPa and the flow rate is 20ml / h to 50ml / h.

4. The method for preparing microtextures on the surface of a cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The depth of the microtexture is 50 μm to 300 μm; the thickness of the abrasive medium film is 20 μm to 50 μm; the median diameter of the abrasive powder is 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of the thickness of the abrasive medium film; and the mass fraction of the abrasive powder in the mixed abrasive medium is 10% to 25%.

5. The method for preparing microtextures on the surface of a cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radius of the spherical indenter is 2mm to 5mm, the static pressure of the spherical indenter on the surface of the tool is 100N to 300N, the ultrasonic vibration frequency of the spherical indenter is 20kHz to 40kHz, and the amplitude is 10μm to 20μm.

6. The method for preparing microtextures on the surface of a cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spherical indenter moves along a preset scanning path under ultrasonic vibration. The preset scanning path is a serpentine scanning path. The scanning speed of the spherical indenter is 0.01 mm / s to 0.1 mm / s, and the spacing between adjacent scanning paths is 20 μm to 50 μm.

7. The method for preparing microtextures on the surface of a cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, When performing in-situ thermal scanning using continuous fiber laser, a protective gas is introduced into the thermal scanning area; the thermal scanning causes martensitic structure to form within the microtexture.

8. The method for preparing microtextures on the surface of a cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The abrasive powder is one or more of silicon carbide powder, diamond powder, and alumina powder; the liquid carrier is a synthetic oil medium; the hardness of the abrasive powder is greater than the hardness of the reinforcing support layer.

9. The method for preparing microtextures on the surface of a cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microtexture is a groove-type microtexture, a lattice-type microtexture, or a biomimetic structural microtexture.

10. A cutting tool, characterized in that, It includes a tool substrate and a gradient-reinforced microtexture disposed on the surface of the tool substrate; the gradient-reinforced microtexture is prepared by the tool surface microtexture preparation method according to any one of claims 1-9.

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