A welding apparatus for a metal member and a welding process thereof

Abstract

The application provides a welding device of a metal component and a welding process thereof, and relates to the technical field of metal welding. The welding device of the metal component comprises two bases, shaft bodies and cylinder bodies arranged on the two bases respectively; first telescopic members are arranged on the two bases; the cylinder body is inserted into the inner hole of the shaft sleeve, the shaft sleeve is inserted into the shaft hole of the workpiece, the shaft body is inserted into the cylinder body, until the two bases abut against the two ends of the shaft sleeve respectively, and the locking part relatively fixes the shaft body and the cylinder body in the axial direction, so as to clamp the two ends of the shaft sleeve. The driving assembly synchronously extends the first telescopic members on the two bases, so as to abut against the surfaces of the workpiece at the two ends of the shaft hole respectively, ensures that the distances between the two ends of the shaft sleeve and the working surfaces at the two ends of the shaft hole are equal, that is, the lengths of the two ends of the shaft sleeve extending out of the shaft hole are consistent, avoids the problem of asymmetry of the two ends and the problems of uneven load distribution and reduction of the structural strength of the shaft sleeve caused by the problem, and ensures the cooperation precision of the subsequent pin shaft and the shaft sleeve and the operation stability of the hinged mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal welding technology, and in particular to a welding device for metal components and its welding process. Background Technology

[0002] Metal welding technology, as one of the core processes in the processing, manufacturing, and repair of metal components, is widely used in machinery manufacturing and construction machinery. It achieves overall structural forming and functional integration by fusing and connecting different metal components. In the construction machinery field, welding technology is indispensable. From the manufacturing of the main structure of equipment such as excavators and loaders to the production and repair of working devices such as booms, sticks, and buckets, welding processes are extensively used to connect and reinforce metal components. Construction machinery operates under long-term heavy loads, impacts, and alternating load conditions, and the shaft holes at various hinge points are prone to wear and deformation. To extend the service life of the equipment, bushings are usually installed inside the shaft holes. The bushings and pins cooperate to achieve relative rotation, protecting the shaft hole base structure. Therefore, the installation quality of the bushings directly affects the operational stability and reliability of the equipment. In scenarios such as shaft hole wear repair and new component manufacturing, it is often necessary to weld and fix the bushings inside the shaft holes of the workpiece, forming a strong integral connection between the bushing and the shaft hole to meet the requirements for subsequent installation of rotatable shafts.

[0003] In practical applications, the length of the bushing is usually greater than the length of the workpiece's shaft hole. During welding, it is necessary to strictly ensure that the lengths of the bushing extending out of the shaft hole at both ends are consistent. However, traditional bushing positioning methods are difficult to precisely control the extension at both ends, which can easily lead to asymmetry at both ends. This results in uneven load distribution on the bushing, reducing its structural strength and affecting the fitting accuracy between the pin and the bushing, as well as the operational stability of the hinge mechanism.

[0004] The information disclosed in the background section of this invention is intended only to enhance the understanding of the general background of this invention, and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that such information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a welding equipment and welding process for metal components to address the problems existing in the current bushing welding process.

[0006] The above objectives are achieved through the following technical solutions: A welding device for metal components includes two bases that can respectively abut against both ends of a bushing. The bushing can be inserted into the shaft hole of a workpiece. A shaft and a cylinder are respectively provided at the center of the two bases. The cylinder can be inserted into the inner hole of the bushing, and the shaft can be inserted into the cylinder. A locking part is provided between the two. The locking part has a locked state and an unlocked state. When locked, the shaft and the cylinder are relatively fixed in the axial direction. When unlocked, the shaft and the cylinder are relatively free in the axial direction. A first telescopic member is provided on each of the two bases along its axial direction. The distance between the outer side of the first telescopic member and the center of the base can exceed the radius of the bushing. A driving assembly is provided between the two bases. The driving assembly is used to make the first telescopic members on the two bases extend synchronously to abut against the workpiece surfaces at both ends of the shaft hole.

[0007] Furthermore, each of the two bases is provided with a second telescopic member along its radial direction, and the first telescopic member is slidably disposed on the second telescopic member. Each of the two bases is provided with an adjusting member, which is used to extend and retract the second telescopic member along the radial direction of the base to adjust the distance between the outer side of the first telescopic member and the center of the base.

[0008] Furthermore, the drive assembly includes a central rod and two sleeves. A central hole is coaxially provided in the shaft body for the central rod to pass through. The central rod can be inserted into one of the sleeves and the two are fixed relative to each other in the circumferential direction. The central rod is fixed to the other sleeve. A helical groove is coaxially provided on the outside of the sleeve. A sliding pin is provided on the first telescopic member to slide in cooperation with the helical groove.

[0009] Furthermore, multiple first and second telescopic components are evenly distributed along the circumference of the base, and each of the multiple first telescopic components corresponds to one of the multiple second telescopic components.

[0010] Furthermore, a positioning plate is slidably provided on the cylinder along its radial direction. Multiple positioning plates are evenly distributed along the circumference of the cylinder. A first elastic element is provided between the cylinder and the positioning plate. The first elastic element has a tendency to retract the positioning plate along the radial direction of the cylinder. A first inclined surface is provided at the end of the positioning plate, and a second inclined surface is provided at the end of the shaft. When the shaft is inserted into the cylinder, the first inclined surface and the second inclined surface first contact and slide together, so that the positioning plate extends along the radial direction of the cylinder until the outer side of the positioning plate contacts the inner hole wall of the bushing, and the inner side of the positioning plate contacts the outer wall of the shaft.

[0011] Furthermore, the outer side of the positioning plate is provided with a protruding abutment, which is used to contact the inner wall of the bushing.

[0012] Furthermore, the locking part includes a toothed groove and a locking tooth that can engage with each other. The toothed groove is provided on the outer wall of the shaft body and is evenly distributed along the axial direction of the shaft body. The locking tooth is slidably disposed on the positioning plate along the radial direction of the cylinder body, and a second elastic element is provided between the locking tooth and the positioning plate. The second elastic element makes the locking tooth tend to extend. When the locking tooth engages with the toothed groove, the shaft body and the cylinder body are relatively fixed in the axial direction. When the locking tooth disengages from the toothed groove, the shaft body and the cylinder body are relatively free in the axial direction.

[0013] Furthermore, the locking part also includes an exit groove provided on its outer wall along the axial direction of the shaft. The exit groove is connected to the tooth groove and the two are offset in the circumferential direction of the shaft. When the shaft and the cylinder rotate relative to each other, the locking teeth disengage from the tooth groove and move into the exit groove.

[0014] Furthermore, the adjusting component is connected to the base by a threaded rotation, and the second telescopic component is provided with a guide groove. The length direction of the guide groove is set at an angle to the radial direction of the base, and the adjusting component is provided with a guide pin that slides with the guide groove.

[0015] This invention also provides the following technical solutions: A welding process for a metal component includes the following steps: S01. Insert the cylinder into the inner hole of the bushing; S02. Insert the shaft into the cylinder until the two bases abut against the two ends of the bushing respectively. The locking part fixes the shaft and the cylinder relative to each other in the axial direction. At the same time, the center rod passes through the center hole and is inserted into one of the sleeves. S03. The adjusting component retracts the second telescopic component radially along the base, so that the distance between the outer side of the first telescopic component and the center of the base is less than the radius of the bushing. S04. Insert the bushing into the shaft hole of the workpiece; S05. The adjusting member causes the second telescopic member to extend radially along the base, such that the distance between the outer side of the first telescopic member and the center of the base exceeds the radius of the bushing. S06. Rotate one of the sleeves, and drive the other sleeve to rotate synchronously through the central rod, so that the first telescopic parts on the two bases extend synchronously to abut against the workpiece surfaces at both ends of the shaft hole respectively. S07. Weld the bushing to the workpiece for fixation.

[0016] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: Insert the cylinder into the inner hole of the bushing, insert the bushing into the shaft hole of the workpiece, and then insert the shaft into the cylinder until the two bases abut against both ends of the bushing. At the same time, the locking part fixes the shaft and the cylinder axially relative to each other to clamp the two ends of the bushing. At this time, the drive assembly causes the first telescopic members on the two bases to extend synchronously to abut against the workpiece surfaces at both ends of the shaft hole, ensuring that the distance between the two ends of the bushing and the two ends of the shaft hole is equal, that is, the length of the bushing extending out of the shaft hole at both ends is consistent. This avoids the problem of asymmetry at both ends and the resulting uneven load distribution and reduced structural strength of the bushing. It also ensures the fitting accuracy between the subsequent pin and the bushing and the operational stability of the hinge mechanism. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a welding equipment for metal components provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Exploded view of the parts; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the shaft structure; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cylinder structure; Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the first and second telescopic components; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the use state of the welding equipment for metal components provided in the embodiments of the present invention when clamping both ends of the bushing; Figure 7 for Figure 6 The front view; Figure 8 for Figure 7 Sectional view along axis AA; Figure 9 for Figure 8 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the state when the first telescopic component abuts against the surface of the workpiece.

[0018] in: 100. Workpiece; 101. Bushing; 102. Shaft hole; 201. Base; 202. Shaft; 203. Cylinder; 204. First telescopic component; 205. Second telescopic component; 206. Adjusting component; 207. First sliding groove; 208. First slider; 209. Sliding hole; 210. Center rod; 211. Sleeve; 212. Spiral groove; 213. Sliding pin; 214. Handwheel; 215. Ball head; 216. Guide groove; 217. Guide pin; 218. Positioning plate; 219. First elastic component; 221. First inclined surface; 222. Second inclined surface; 223. Second sliding groove; 224. Second slider; 225. Through hole; 226. Abutment component; 227. Tooth groove; 228. Locking tooth; 229. Second elastic component; 230. Exit groove. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0020] The component designations used in this document, such as "first" and "second," are merely for distinguishing the described objects and do not have any sequential or technical meaning. The terms "connection" and "linkage" used in this invention, unless otherwise specified, include both direct and indirect connections (linkages). It should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.

[0021] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0022] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a welding device for metal components (hereinafter referred to as welding device), including two bases 201 that can respectively abut against both ends of a bushing 101. The bushing 101 can be inserted into the shaft hole 102 of a workpiece 100. The centers of the two bases 201 are respectively provided with a shaft body 202 and a cylindrical body 203. The cylindrical body 203 can be inserted into the inner hole of the bushing 101, and the shaft body 202 can be inserted into the cylindrical body 203. A locking part is provided between the two, and the locking part has a locked state and an unlocked state. When in the locked state... The shaft 202 and the cylinder 203 are fixed relative to each other in the axial direction. When in the unlocked state, the shaft 202 and the cylinder 203 are free relative to each other in the axial direction. Each of the two bases 201 is provided with a first telescopic member 204 along its axial direction. The distance between the outer side of the first telescopic member 204 and the center of the base 201 can exceed the radius of the bushing 101. A driving assembly is provided between the two bases 201. The driving assembly is used to make the first telescopic members 204 on the two bases 201 extend synchronously to abut against the surfaces of the workpieces 100 at both ends of the shaft hole 102.

[0023] Insert the cylinder 203 into the inner hole of the bushing 101, insert the bushing 101 into the shaft hole 102 of the workpiece 100, and then insert the shaft 202 into the cylinder 203 until the two bases 201 abut against the two ends of the bushing 101 respectively. At the same time, the locking part fixes the shaft 202 and the cylinder 203 axially relative to each other to clamp the two ends of the bushing 101. At this time, the drive assembly causes the first telescopic members 204 on the two bases 201 to extend synchronously to abut against the surfaces of the workpiece 100 at both ends of the shaft hole 102 respectively, so as to ensure that the distance between the two ends of the bushing 101 and the two ends of the shaft hole 102 is equal, that is, the length of the bushing 101 extending out of the shaft hole 102 at both ends is consistent, avoiding the problem of asymmetry at both ends and the resulting uneven load distribution and reduced structural strength of the bushing 101, while ensuring the fitting accuracy of the subsequent pin and the bushing 101 and the running stability of the hinge mechanism.

[0024] See also Figure 10 The aforementioned workpiece 100 can be a triangular rocker arm in engineering machinery. As the core lever arm and motion hub, it has the following functions: As a "three-point hinge center," it connects the boom, bucket hydraulic cylinder, and bucket tie rod, evenly distributing the impact load and alternating load on the bucket throughout the entire working device, avoiding local stress concentration and protecting the hydraulic cylinder and boom main structure; utilizing the lever arm difference of the triangular lever structure, it amplifies the linear thrust of the bucket hydraulic cylinder several times before transmitting it to the bucket, generating enormous digging force, scooping force, or unloading force; it converts the linear reciprocating motion of the hydraulic cylinder into the rotational motion of the bucket around the pin shaft, precisely controlling the bucket to complete the three core actions of bucket retraction, holding, and unloading. In scenarios such as the wear repair of the shaft hole 102 of workpiece 100 and the manufacturing of new components, the bushing 101 must be welded and fixed inside the shaft hole 102 of workpiece 100 to form a firm integral connection between the bushing 101 and the shaft hole 102, meeting the requirements for subsequent installation of a rotatable shaft. Of course, in addition to the above-mentioned triangular rocker arm workpiece 100, the welding equipment of the present invention can also be applied to other workpieces 100 with shaft holes 102, and has a wide range of applications.

[0025] After welding is completed, the drive assembly synchronously retracts the first telescopic members 204 on the two bases 201, so that the first telescopic members 204 disengage from the workpiece 100 surface at the end of the shaft hole 102. Then, the locking part is controlled to be in the unlocked state, so that the shaft 202 and the cylinder 203 are relatively free in the axial direction. Then, the shaft 202 is removed from the cylinder 203, and at the same time, both are disengaged from the inner hole of the bushing 101, so that the welding equipment of the present invention can be removed from the bushing 101.

[0026] In one embodiment, each of the two bases 201 is provided with a second telescopic member 205 along its radial direction, and a first telescopic member 204 is slidably disposed on the second telescopic member 205. Each of the two bases 201 is provided with an adjusting member 206, which is used to extend and retract the second telescopic member 205 along the radial direction of the base 201 to adjust the distance between the outer side of the first telescopic member 204 and the center of the base 201.

[0027] The bushing 101 of the triangular rocker arm workpiece 100 is relatively large, making manual handling and installation inconvenient and prone to slippage, which could lead to injury to operators and structural damage to the bushing 101. In this invention, when installing the bushing 101, the cylinder 203 is first inserted into the inner hole of the bushing 101, and then the shaft 202 is inserted into the cylinder 203 until the two bases 201 abut against both ends of the bushing 101. Simultaneously, the locking part fixes the shaft 202 and the cylinder 203 axially, clamping both ends of the bushing 101. Then, the adjusting member 206 first retracts the second telescopic member 205 radially along the base 201, so that the distance between the outer side of the first telescopic member 204 and the center of the base 201 is less than the radius of the bushing 101. The clamped bushing 101 is then held and inserted into the shaft hole 102 of the workpiece 100, facilitating manual handling and installation. This helps to prevent the bushing 101 from slipping, thus avoiding further risk of injury to the operator and structural damage to the bushing 101. The adjusting component 206 then causes the second telescopic component 205 to extend radially along the base 201, so that the distance between the outer side of the first telescopic component 204 and the center of the base 201 exceeds the radius of the bushing 101. The driving assembly causes the first telescopic components 204 on both bases 201 to extend synchronously, respectively abutting against the surfaces of the workpiece 100 at both ends of the shaft hole 102, ensuring that the distance between the two ends of the bushing 101 and the two ends of the shaft hole 102 is equal.

[0028] See also Figure 2 The base 201 has a first groove 207 formed radially thereon. The second telescopic member 205 has a first slider 208 that slides in conjunction with the first groove 207. Both the first groove 207 and the first slider 208 have an I-shaped cross section, but they can also be T-shaped or dovetail-shaped, etc., so that the second telescopic member 205 can only slide radially relative to the base 201, and remain stationary in other directions, thereby preventing the connection between the second telescopic member 205 and the base 201 from failing. The second telescopic member 205 has a sliding hole 209 formed axially along the base 201. The first telescopic member 204 is rod-shaped and slides within the sliding hole 209. Both the first telescopic member 204 and the sliding hole 209 have a square cross section, but they can also be elliptical or other non-circular, to prevent the first telescopic member 204 from rotating within the sliding hole 209.

[0029] In addition, after positioning the bushing 101, the welding equipment of the present invention needs to be removed from the bushing 101. If the size and specifications of the bushing 101 to be positioned next time remain unchanged, only one of the adjusting parts 206 is controlled to operate so that the second telescopic part 205 retracts radially along the base 201. The other adjusting part 206 does not need to be operated repeatedly, thus improving the convenience of operation.

[0030] In one embodiment, the drive assembly includes a central rod 210 and two sleeves 211. A central hole is coaxially provided in the shaft body 202 for the central rod 210 to pass through. The central rod 210 can be inserted into one of the sleeves 211 and the two are fixed relative to each other in the circumferential direction. The central rod 210 is fixed to the other sleeve 211. A spiral groove 212 is coaxially provided on the outside of the sleeve 211. A sliding pin 213 is provided on the first telescopic member 204 that slides in cooperation with the spiral groove 212.

[0031] During the insertion of shaft 202 into cylinder 203, center rod 210 passes through center hole and is inserted into one of sleeves 211. After adjustment member 206 causes second telescopic member 205 to extend radially along base 201, one sleeve 211 is rotated, and the center rod 210 drives the other sleeve 211 to rotate synchronously. Through sliding engagement of sliding pin 213 and spiral groove 212, the first telescopic members 204 on the two bases 201 are driven to extend and retract axially synchronously.

[0032] The center rod 210 is slidably connected to one of the sleeves 211 via splines and spline grooves, allowing the center rod 210 to be inserted into one of the sleeves 211 and the two to be relatively fixed in the circumferential direction. A handwheel 214 is coaxially provided on the sleeve 211 for easy manual operation.

[0033] See also Figures 2 to 5 The first telescopic member 204 is generally L-shaped. Its first section is slidably disposed within the sliding hole 209 of the second telescopic member 205, and a sliding pin 213 is slidably disposed within the second section. The sliding direction is radial to the sleeve 211, and the sliding pin 213 is rod-shaped. In this embodiment, the inner end of the sliding pin 213 is provided with a ball head 215. The volume of the ball head 215 is greater than half the volume of the whole ball, and the cross-section of the spiral groove 212 is a circle that matches the ball head 215, which allows the ball head 215 to slide while preventing the connection between the ball head 215 and the spiral groove 212 from failing. In other embodiments not shown, the ball head 215 may not be provided, and the cross-section of the spiral groove 212 may be a square that matches the inner end of the sliding pin 213. In this case, a compression spring is provided between the second section of the first telescopic member 204 and the sliding pin 213. The compression spring is used to make the sliding pin 213 tend to move closer to the sleeve 211, thereby making the inner end of the sliding pin 213 tend to remain within the spiral groove 212.

[0034] In one embodiment, multiple first telescopic members 204 and multiple second telescopic members 205 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the base 201, and the multiple first telescopic members 204 correspond one-to-one with the multiple second telescopic members 205. Preferably, there are three first telescopic members 204 and three second telescopic members 205.

[0035] By setting multiple circumferentially distributed first telescopic members 204 to abut against the surface of the workpiece 100, during the extension of the first telescopic members 204 on the two bases 201, it can be ensured that the axis of the bushing 101 is always parallel to the axis of the shaft hole 102, avoiding the misalignment of the two axes, as well as the resulting uneven load distribution on the bushing 101 and the reduction of its own structural strength, while ensuring the fitting accuracy of the subsequent pin and bushing 101 and the operational stability of the hinge mechanism.

[0036] The adjusting member 206 is connected to the base 201 by a threaded rotation. The second telescopic member 205 is provided with a guide groove 216. The length direction of the guide groove 216 is set at an angle to the radial direction of the base 201. The adjusting member 206 is provided with a guide pin 217 that slides with the guide groove 216.

[0037] When the adjusting member 206 is rotated, the second telescopic member 205 is driven to extend and retract radially along the base 201 through the sliding engagement of the guide pin 217 and the guide groove 216. At the same time, since the adjusting member 206 is connected to the base 201 by a threaded rotation, it can provide damping sensation when the adjusting member 206 rotates relative to the base 201 and when the second telescopic member 205 extends and retracts relative to the base 201, which to a certain extent prevents the second telescopic member 205 from extending and retracting under unexpected force.

[0038] When the adjusting member 206 is rotated, the sliding engagement of multiple sets of guide pins 217 and guide grooves 216 drives all the second telescopic members 205 to extend and retract synchronously along the radial direction of the base 201, thereby synchronously adjusting the distance between the outer side of all the first telescopic members 204 and the center of the base 201.

[0039] It is worth noting that in other embodiments not shown, the second telescopic member 205 can be kept in a state with a large extension distance, that is, the distance between the outer side of the first telescopic member 204 and the center of the base 201 exceeds the radius of the bushing 101. When installing the bushing 101, first insert the cylinder 203 into the inner hole of the bushing 101, then insert the bushing 101 into the shaft hole 102 of the workpiece 100, and then insert the shaft 202 into the cylinder 203. However, this embodiment has the following two drawbacks: firstly, it is inconvenient to install and transport; secondly, for the triangular rocker arm workpiece 100, the distance between the outer contour of the corner of the workpiece 100 and the shaft hole 102 is very close, and since the extension distance of the second telescopic member 205 is large, one or more of the first telescopic members 204 may not be able to abut against the surface of the workpiece 100.

[0040] Therefore, in this embodiment, by rotating the adjusting member 206, all the second telescopic members 205 are driven to extend synchronously and slowly along the radial direction of the base 201, thereby synchronously adjusting the distance between the outer side of all the first telescopic members 204 and the center of the base 201. This can solve the two defects mentioned above at the same time, while ensuring that the axis of the bushing 101 is always parallel to the axis of the shaft hole 102.

[0041] In one embodiment, a positioning plate 218 is slidably provided on the cylinder 203 along its radial direction. Multiple positioning plates 218 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the cylinder 203. A first elastic element 219 is provided between the cylinder 203 and the positioning plate 218, and the first elastic element 219 has a tendency to retract the positioning plate 218 radially along the cylinder 203. A first inclined surface 221 is provided at the end of the positioning plate 218, and a second inclined surface 222 is provided at the end of the shaft 202. When the shaft 202 is inserted into the cylinder 203, the first inclined surface 221 and the second inclined surface 222 first contact and slide together, causing the positioning plate 218 to extend radially along the cylinder 203 until the outer side of the positioning plate 218 contacts the inner wall of the bushing 101, and the inner side of the positioning plate 218 contacts the outer wall of the shaft 202. This achieves coaxial positioning of the bushing 101, facilitating subsequent manual insertion of the bushing 101 into the shaft hole 102 of the workpiece 100.

[0042] See also Figure 4 A second sliding groove 223 is formed radially on the base 201 of the cylindrical body 203. A second slider 224 is provided on the positioning plate 218 to slide in conjunction with the second sliding groove 223. The cross-sections of the second sliding groove 223 and the second slider 224 are both I-shaped, but can also be T-shaped or dovetail-shaped, etc., so that the positioning plate 218 can only slide radially relative to the base 201, and remain stationary in other directions, thereby preventing the connection between the positioning plate 218 and the base 201 from failing. Preferably, the number of positioning plates 218 is equal to the number of second telescopic members 205, and the two are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction of the base 201. In addition, the first elastic member 219 is a compression spring and is provided on the outside of the positioning plate 218. A through hole 225 is also formed radially on the cylindrical body 203. The first elastic member 219 is used to cause the positioning plate 218 to retract radially into the through hole 225 of the cylindrical body 203.

[0043] See also Figure 8 and Figure 9 The first inclined surface 221 and the second inclined surface 222 have the same inclination direction. Before the shaft 202 is inserted into the cylinder 203, the first inclined surface 221 is inclined from the outside to the inside and from near to far from the shaft 202, and the first inclined surface 221 is a plane. Figure 8 and Figure 9In the middle, the first inclined surface 221 is inclined from top to bottom and from left to right; as for the second inclined surface 222, it is inclined from the outside to the inside and from away from to near the cylinder 203, and the second inclined surface 222 is a conical surface. Figure 8 and Figure 9 In the middle, the second inclined plane 222 is also set to tilt from top to bottom and from left to right.

[0044] It is worth noting that the welding equipment of the present invention is applicable to bushings 101 of different sizes, and has a wide range of applications. Specifically: the two bases 201 and the corresponding shaft 202 and cylinder 203 that can be inserted and locked can clamp bushings 101 of different axial lengths and workpieces 100 of different thicknesses; the first telescopic member 204 extends and retracts along the axial direction of the base 201, and the second telescopic member 205 extends and retracts along the radial direction of the base 201, which can position bushings 101 of different axial lengths and bushings 101 of different outer diameters; the positioning plate 218 extends and retracts along the radial direction of the cylinder 203, which can perform coaxial positioning of bushings 101 of different inner diameters.

[0045] In one embodiment, the outer side of the positioning plate 218 is provided with a protruding abutment 226, which is used to contact the inner hole wall of the bushing 101.

[0046] To prevent the positioning plate 218 from directly contacting the inner wall of the bushing 101, multiple abutment members 226 are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the cylinder 203. Furthermore, the abutment members 226 are slidably connected to the positioning plate 218 in the radial direction of the cylinder 203, and a compression spring is provided between the abutment members 226 and the positioning plate 218, which causes the abutment members 226 to tend to extend relative to the positioning plate 218.

[0047] In one embodiment, the locking part includes a toothed groove 227 and a locking tooth 228 that can engage with each other. The toothed groove 227 is provided on the outer wall of the shaft 202 and is evenly distributed along the axial direction of the shaft 202. The locking tooth 228 is slidably disposed on the positioning plate 218 along the radial direction of the cylinder 203. A second elastic member 229 is provided between the locking tooth 228 and the positioning plate 218. The second elastic member 229 makes the locking tooth 228 tend to extend. When the locking tooth 228 engages with the toothed groove 227, the shaft 202 and the cylinder 203 are relatively fixed in the axial direction. When the locking tooth 228 disengages from the toothed groove 227, the shaft 202 and the cylinder 203 are relatively free in the axial direction.

[0048] Multiple locking teeth 228 are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the cylinder 203, but the number of locking teeth 228 is less than the number of tooth grooves 227. The distance between two adjacent locking teeth 228 is equal to the distance between two adjacent tooth grooves 227, so that multiple locking teeth 228 can simultaneously engage or disengage with tooth grooves 227 to ensure the stability of the shaft 202 and the cylinder 203 being relatively fixed in the axial direction. The second elastic element 229 is a compression spring.

[0049] In addition, the locking tooth 228 is a one-way locking structure. During the process of inserting the shaft 202 into the cylinder 203, the locking tooth 228 can move relative to the tooth groove 227 and switch to lock with different tooth grooves 227 in turn. When the two bases 201 abut against the two ends of the bushing 101 respectively, the locking tooth 228 locks with the tooth groove 227 to restrict the shaft 202 and the cylinder 203 from moving away from each other in the axial direction. However, since the two bases 201 abut against the two ends of the bushing 101 respectively, the shaft 202 and the cylinder 203 will not move closer to each other in the axial direction.

[0050] In one embodiment, see [link to relevant documentation] Figure 3 The locking part also includes an exit groove 230 provided on the outer wall of the shaft 202 along the axial direction. The exit groove 230 is connected to the tooth groove 227 and the two are offset in the circumferential direction of the shaft 202. When the shaft 202 and the cylinder 203 rotate relative to each other, the locking tooth 228 disengages from the tooth groove 227 and moves into the exit groove 230.

[0051] When the welding equipment of the present invention needs to be removed from the bushing 101, the two bases 201 are controlled to rotate relative to each other, which drives the shaft 202 and the cylinder 203 to rotate relative to each other, so that the retaining tooth 228 disengages from the tooth groove 227 and moves into the exit groove 230, thereby making the shaft 202 and the cylinder 203 relatively free in the axial direction, and then the shaft 202 can be pulled out from the cylinder 203.

[0052] Furthermore, multiple exit grooves 230 and toothed grooves 227 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the shaft 202, with the same number of each, and they are alternately arranged along the circumference of the shaft 202. Rotating the shaft 202 relative to the cylinder 203 in either the forward or reverse direction allows the retaining tooth 228 to move from the toothed groove 227 into the exit groove 230. Preferably, the depth of the exit groove 230 is the same as the depth of the toothed groove 227.

[0053] In other embodiments not shown, the exit groove 230 may be omitted, and the toothed groove 227 may cover the circumference of the shaft 202. Instead, a control element is provided to control the extension and retraction of the locking tooth 228 relative to the positioning plate 218. When the locking tooth 228 extends relative to the positioning plate 218, it engages with the toothed groove 227; when the locking tooth 228 retracts relative to the positioning plate 218, it disengages from the toothed groove 227. The control element may be an electromagnet, and the locking tooth 228 may be a permanent magnet. When the electromagnet is energized, it exerts an attractive force on the locking tooth 228, causing it to retract relative to the positioning plate 218. Of course, the control element may also take other forms, which are not limited here.

[0054] It is also worth noting that all components of the welding equipment of the present invention that directly contact the bushing 101 and the workpiece 100 are made of high-temperature resistant and heat-insulating materials, such as alumina ceramic, silicon nitride ceramic or metal-ceramic composite structure.

[0055] This invention also provides a welding process for metal components, comprising the following steps: S01. Insert the cylinder 203 into the inner hole of the bushing 101; S02. Insert the shaft 202 into the cylinder 203 until the two bases 201 abut against the two ends of the bushing 101 respectively. The locking part fixes the shaft 202 and the cylinder 203 in the axial direction. At the same time, the central rod 210 passes through the central hole and is inserted into one of the sleeves 211. S03, the adjusting member 206 causes the second telescopic member 205 to retract radially along the base 201, so that the distance between the outer side of the first telescopic member 204 and the center of the base 201 is less than the radius of the bushing 101. S04. Insert the bushing 101 into the shaft hole 102 of the workpiece 100; S05, Adjustment member 206 causes the second telescopic member 205 to extend radially along the base 201, so that the distance between the outer side of the first telescopic member 204 and the center of the base 201 exceeds the radius of the bushing 101. S06. Rotate one of the sleeves 211, and drive the other sleeve 211 to rotate synchronously through the central rod 210, so that the first telescopic members 204 on the two bases 201 extend synchronously to abut against the surfaces of the workpieces 100 at both ends of the shaft hole 102 respectively. S07. Weld the bushing 101 to the workpiece 100 and fix it.

[0056] Step S03 only needs to be placed before step S04, therefore step S03 can be moved before step S01 or S02. In addition, in step S07, welding methods such as manual arc welding, CO2 gas shielded welding, or flux-cored wire gas shielded welding can be used, and the specific welding method is not limited here.

[0057] The working principle of this invention is as follows: When installing the bushing 101, first insert the cylinder 203 into the inner hole of the bushing 101, and then insert the shaft 202 into the cylinder 203. During this process: the first inclined surface 221 and the second inclined surface 222 first contact and slide to engage, causing the positioning plate 218 to extend radially along the cylinder 203 until the abutment 226 on the outer side of the positioning plate 218 contacts the inner hole wall of the bushing 101, and the inner side of the positioning plate 218 contacts the outer wall of the shaft 202, thus positioning the coaxiality of the bushing 101; at the same time, the center rod 210 passes through the center hole and is inserted into one of the sleeves 211. Until the two bases 201 abut against the two ends of the bushing 101 respectively, and the retaining teeth 228 engage with the tooth groove 227, so that the shaft 202 and the cylinder 203 are relatively fixed in the axial direction to clamp the two ends of the bushing 101. Then, rotating the adjusting component 206 causes the second telescopic component 205 to retract radially along the base 201 via the sliding engagement of the guide pin 217 and the guide groove 216. This causes the distance between the outer side of the first telescopic component 204 and the center of the base 201 to be less than the radius of the bushing 101. The clamped bushing 101 is then held and inserted into the shaft hole 102 of the workpiece 100, facilitating manual handling and installation. This also helps to prevent the bushing 101 from slipping, thus avoiding further risk of injury to the operator and structural damage to the bushing 101. Next, rotating the adjusting component 206 in the opposite direction causes the second telescopic component 205 to extend radially along the base 201 via the sliding engagement of the guide pin 217 and the guide groove 216. This causes the distance between the outer side of the first telescopic component 204 and the center of the base 201 to exceed the radius of the bushing 101. Then, one of the sleeves 211 is rotated, which drives the other sleeve 211 to rotate synchronously through the central rod 210. Through the sliding engagement of the sliding pin 213 and the spiral groove 212, the first telescopic members 204 on the two bases 201 are driven to extend axially synchronously to abut against the workpiece 100 surfaces at both ends of the shaft hole 102. This ensures that the distance between the two ends of the sleeve 101 and the two ends of the shaft hole 102 is equal, that is, the length of the sleeve 101 extending out of the shaft hole 102 at both ends is consistent. This avoids the problem of asymmetry at both ends and the resulting uneven load distribution and reduced structural strength of the sleeve 101. At the same time, it ensures the fitting accuracy between the subsequent pin and the sleeve 101 and the operational stability of the hinge mechanism.

[0058] Then the bushing 101 is welded and fixed to the workpiece 100.

[0059] Then, control the two bases 201 to rotate relative to each other, which will drive the shaft 202 and the cylinder 203 to rotate relative to each other, so that the locking teeth 228 disengage from the tooth groove 227 and move into the exit groove 230, thereby making the shaft 202 and the cylinder 203 relatively free in the axial direction. Then, pull the shaft 202 out of the cylinder 203, and the welding equipment of the present invention can be removed from the bushing 101.

[0060] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0061] The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A welding device for metal components, characterized in that, The device includes two bases that can abut against both ends of a bushing. The bushing can be inserted into the shaft hole of a workpiece. The center of each base is provided with a shaft and a cylinder. The cylinder can be inserted into the inner hole of the bushing, and the shaft can be inserted into the cylinder. A locking part is provided between the two. The locking part has a locked state and an unlocked state. When locked, the shaft and the cylinder are relatively fixed in the axial direction. When unlocked, the shaft and the cylinder are relatively free in the axial direction. Each of the two bases is provided with a first telescopic member along its axial direction. The distance between the outer side of the first telescopic member and the center of the base can exceed the radius of the bushing. A driving assembly is provided between the two bases. The driving assembly is used to make the first telescopic members on the two bases extend synchronously to abut against the workpiece surface at both ends of the shaft hole.

2. The welding equipment for metal components according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both bases are provided with second telescopic members along their radial direction. The first telescopic member is slidably disposed on the second telescopic member. Both bases are provided with adjusting members, which are used to extend and retract the second telescopic member along the radial direction of the base to adjust the distance between the outer side of the first telescopic member and the center of the base.

3. The welding equipment for metal components according to claim 2, characterized in that, The drive assembly includes a central rod and two sleeves. A central hole is coaxially opened in the shaft body for the central rod to pass through. The central rod can be inserted into one of the sleeves and the two are fixed relative to each other in the circumferential direction. The central rod is fixed to the other sleeve. A spiral groove is coaxially provided on the outside of the sleeve. A sliding pin is provided on the first telescopic member to slide with the spiral groove.

4. The welding equipment for metal components according to claim 2, characterized in that, Multiple first and second telescopic components are evenly distributed along the circumference of the base, and each of the multiple first telescopic components corresponds to one of the multiple second telescopic components.

5. The welding equipment for metal components according to claim 1, characterized in that, A positioning plate is slidably provided on the cylinder along its radial direction. Multiple positioning plates are evenly distributed along the circumference of the cylinder. A first elastic element is provided between the cylinder and the positioning plate. The first elastic element has a tendency to retract the positioning plate along the radial direction of the cylinder. A first inclined surface is provided at the end of the positioning plate, and a second inclined surface is provided at the end of the shaft. When the shaft is inserted into the cylinder, the first inclined surface and the second inclined surface first contact and slide together, so that the positioning plate extends along the radial direction of the cylinder until the outer side of the positioning plate contacts the inner hole wall of the bushing, and the inner side of the positioning plate contacts the outer wall of the shaft.

6. The welding equipment for metal components according to claim 5, characterized in that, The outer side of the positioning plate is provided with a protruding abutment, which is used to contact the inner hole wall of the bushing.

7. The welding equipment for metal components according to claim 5, characterized in that, The locking part includes a toothed groove and a locking tooth that can engage with each other. The toothed groove is located on the outer wall of the shaft body and is evenly distributed along the axial direction of the shaft body. The locking tooth is slidably located on the positioning plate along the radial direction of the cylinder body. A second elastic element is provided between the locking tooth and the positioning plate. The second elastic element makes the locking tooth tend to extend. When the locking tooth engages with the toothed groove, the shaft body and the cylinder body are relatively fixed in the axial direction. When the locking tooth disengages from the toothed groove, the shaft body and the cylinder body are relatively free in the axial direction.

8. The welding equipment for metal components according to claim 7, characterized in that, The locking part also includes an exit groove provided on its outer wall along the axial direction of the shaft. The exit groove is connected to the tooth groove and the two are offset in the circumferential direction of the shaft. When the shaft and the cylinder rotate relative to each other, the locking teeth disengage from the tooth groove and move into the exit groove.

9. The welding equipment for metal components according to claim 2, characterized in that, The adjusting component is connected to the base by a threaded rotation. The second telescopic component has a guide groove, the length direction of which is set at an angle to the radial direction of the base. The adjusting component has a guide pin that slides with the guide groove.

10. A welding process for metal components, applied to the welding equipment for the metal components as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S01. Insert the cylinder into the inner hole of the bushing; S02. Insert the shaft into the cylinder until the two bases abut against the two ends of the bushing respectively. The locking part fixes the shaft and the cylinder relative to each other in the axial direction. At the same time, the center rod passes through the center hole and is inserted into one of the sleeves. S03. The adjusting component retracts the second telescopic component radially along the base, so that the distance between the outer side of the first telescopic component and the center of the base is less than the radius of the bushing. S04. Insert the bushing into the shaft hole of the workpiece; S05. The adjusting member causes the second telescopic member to extend radially along the base, such that the distance between the outer side of the first telescopic member and the center of the base exceeds the radius of the bushing. S06. Rotate one of the sleeves, and drive the other sleeve to rotate synchronously through the central rod, so that the first telescopic parts on the two bases extend synchronously to abut against the workpiece surfaces at both ends of the shaft hole respectively. S07. Weld the bushing to the workpiece to fix it.

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