A bearing, dowel pin full-automatic press-fitting equipment

Abstract

A bearing and positioning pin full-automatic press-fitting equipment comprises a bearing press-fitting device, a bearing feeding device, a positioning pin press-fitting device and a positioning pin feeding device. The bearing feeding device adopts a turntable mechanism and a lifting mechanism to cooperate with feeding, and a feeding manipulator cooperates with a fixed supporting plate and a movable supporting plate to realize automatic lubrication and transfer of bearings. The bearing press-fitting device is sequentially provided with a press mechanism, a pre-press mechanism and a supporting mechanism from top to bottom, the pre-press mechanism realizes bearing pre-positioning, and the supporting mechanism adopts a floating ejector rod assembly and a wedge locking structure to provide stable support. The positioning pin feeding device adopts a high-pressure gas blowing method to transport positioning pins, a pin transfer mechanism sends the positioning pins into a press-fitting sleeve, and an arc-shaped baffle is arranged in a positioning nozzle to prevent the positioning pins from falling off. The full-automatic feeding and press-fitting of bearings and positioning pins are realized, manual intervention is not needed, the assembly efficiency and precision are improved, and the equipment is suitable for automatic press-fitting operation of workpieces such as transmission housings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automated assembly equipment technology, and in particular to a fully automatic press-fitting equipment for bearings and locating pins. Background Technology

[0002] Bearings are crucial components in mechanical equipment, widely used in various transmission devices, especially in applications requiring press-fitting of bearings into housing-type workpieces (such as gearbox housings and motor end covers). Because the fit tolerances between the bearing and the housing bore are extremely stringent, the quality of the bearing press-fit directly affects the equipment's service life and reliability. Currently, bearing press-fitting is primarily performed manually or using semi-automatic equipment. However, existing press-fitting methods have the following drawbacks: First, the pressing process is inefficient and physically demanding for workers. Traditional manual pressing methods rely on manual operation, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also difficult to meet the needs of mass production.

[0003] Secondly, the accuracy of press-fitting is difficult to guarantee. Manual press-fitting often results in bearings being misaligned, leading to improper installation. Even with semi-automatic equipment, the lack of precise positioning and guidance during the press-fitting process makes it difficult to ensure the coaxiality of the bearing and the housing bore, affecting the press-fitting quality.

[0004] Third, existing equipment has limited functionality and poor adaptability. Most press-fitting equipment uses a fixed press head, which can only be used for workpiece shells of the same specifications, thus limiting the scope of application of the equipment.

[0005] Fourth, bearing pressing equipment and locating pin pressing equipment are usually independent of each other. They need to complete the pressing of bearings and locating pins separately. This not only occupies a large production space, but also requires the transfer and repositioning of workpieces between the two processes, which affects production efficiency and assembly accuracy.

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues, it is necessary to provide a fully automated press-fitting equipment for bearings and locating pins that is highly automated, has high press-fitting accuracy, and is highly adaptable. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fully automatic press-fitting equipment for bearings and locating pins, so as to realize the automated and precise press-fitting of bearings and locating pins on workpiece housings, improve press-fitting efficiency and quality, and adapt to the press-fitting of various types of workpiece housings.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: a fully automatic bearing and locating pin press-fitting equipment, including a bearing press-fitting device, a bearing feeding device for feeding the bearing press-fitting device, a locating pin press-fitting device, and a locating pin feeding device for feeding the locating pin press-fitting device. The bearing loading device includes a turntable mechanism for storing bearings, a lifting mechanism, and a loading robot for transferring bearings. The turntable mechanism includes a turntable with several circumferentially evenly distributed storage slots, in which bearings are stacked. The lifting mechanism is located on one side of the turntable loading station and includes a lifting rod and a lifting drive assembly for driving the lifting rod up and down. The turntable has a clearance groove for avoiding the lifting rod, which extends into the storage slots. The loading robot includes a cylinder gripper, a gripper lifting assembly for driving the cylinder gripper up and down, and a gripper horizontal assembly for driving the cylinder gripper horizontally. One side of the gripper horizontal assembly has a fixed support plate and a movable support plate. The fixed support plate has an oil storage slot, and the movable support plate has an oil receiving slot. The bearing press-fitting device comprises, from top to bottom: a press mechanism in the upper layer, a pre-pressing mechanism in the middle layer, and a support mechanism for supporting the workpiece in the lower layer; the press mechanism includes a first press head assembly and a first drive assembly for driving the first press head assembly to move along the X-axis and Y-axis; the pre-pressing mechanism includes a second press head assembly and a second drive assembly for driving the second press head assembly to move along the X-axis and Y-axis; the support mechanism includes a floating top rod assembly, a support top rod cooperating with the floating top rod assembly, a lifting cylinder for driving the top rod to rise and fall, a wedge block cooperating with the support top rod, and a support cylinder for driving the wedge block to move closer to or away from the support top rod; the side wall of the support top rod is provided with a pressure-bearing platform, and the pressure-bearing platform is provided with a pressure-bearing inclined surface cooperating with the wedge block; The positioning pin feeding device includes a high-pressure gas blowing mechanism and a pin transfer mechanism that docks with the end of the high-pressure gas blowing mechanism; the pin transfer mechanism includes a housing, an inner core that slides with the housing, and a conveying cylinder that drives the inner core. The housing is provided with an inlet for the positioning pin to enter, and the inner core is provided with a positioning hole for accommodating the positioning pin. The positioning hole can be aligned with the inlet. The positioning pin pressing device includes a pressing sleeve, a positioning nozzle located at the lower end of the pressing sleeve, a pressing rod inserted at the upper end of the pressing sleeve, and a positioning pin press that cooperates with the pressing rod; the outer shell is fixedly connected to the pressing sleeve, and one side of the pressing sleeve is provided with an opening for the inner core to extend into; one side of the positioning nozzle is provided with a hinged baffle, and the baffle enters the positioning nozzle through a notch on one side of the positioning nozzle, and the side of the baffle entering the positioning nozzle is arc-shaped.

[0009] As an improvement, the first drive assembly includes a first upper mounting plate fixed on the frame, a second upper mounting plate slidably engaged with the first upper mounting plate, a third upper mounting plate slidably engaged with the second upper mounting plate, a first X-axis power source for driving the second upper mounting plate to move along the X-axis, and a first Y-axis power source for driving the third upper mounting plate to move along the Y-axis; the first pressure head assembly includes a bearing press mounted on the third upper mounting plate, a first pressure head connected to the bearing press, and a calibration sensor disposed within the first pressure head.

[0010] As an improvement, the second upper mounting plate is slidably engaged with the first upper mounting plate via a first linear guide pair, and the third upper mounting plate is slidably engaged with the second upper mounting plate via a second linear guide pair; the first X-axis power source and the first Y-axis power source are both lead screw and nut assemblies.

[0011] As an improvement, the second drive assembly includes a first middle layer mounting plate fixed on the frame, a second middle layer mounting plate slidably engaged with the first middle layer mounting plate, a third middle layer mounting plate slidably engaged with the second middle layer mounting plate, a second X-axis power source that drives the second middle layer mounting plate to move along the X-axis, a second Y-axis power source that drives the third middle layer mounting plate to move along the Y-axis, a fourth middle layer mounting plate perpendicularly connected to the third middle layer mounting plate, a bearing pressure head slidably engaged with the fourth middle layer mounting plate, and a pre-pressure cylinder that drives the bearing pressure head to rise and fall. The bearing pressure head and the pre-pressure cylinder together form the second pressure head assembly.

[0012] As an improvement, the second middle-layer mounting plate is slidably engaged with the first middle-layer mounting plate via a third linear guide pair, and the third middle-layer mounting plate is slidably engaged with the second middle-layer mounting plate via a fourth linear guide pair; both the second X-axis power source and the second Y-axis power source are lead screw and nut assemblies.

[0013] As an improvement, the bearing pressure head includes a sliding mounting seat, an upper pressure rod located on top of the sliding mounting seat, a lower pressure rod located at the bottom of the sliding mounting seat, and a gripper that telescopically engages with the lower pressure rod; the lower pressure rod is quickly detached from the sliding mounting seat.

[0014] As an improvement, the gripper includes an annular sleeve with a groove at its lower end. A positioning seat is provided in the groove. The lower end of the pressure rod passes through the annular sleeve and is fixedly connected to the positioning seat. The positioning seat has a positioning surface that engages with the bearing. A spring is provided between the annular sleeve and the annular flange on the pressure rod. The lower end of the annular sleeve has several downwardly extending limiting blocks. The limiting blocks are arranged around the groove. Each limiting block has a contact block that is hinged to it. The lower end of the contact block has a limiting protrusion. A through hole is provided on the limiting block corresponding to the position of the limiting protrusion. After the limiting protrusion extends out of the through hole, it can abut against the lower end of the bearing.

[0015] As an improvement, the wedge is U-shaped, and the pressure-bearing platform is located on both sides of the supporting top rod.

[0016] As an improvement, the floating top rod assembly includes a floating sleeve, a floating top rod with its lower end inserted into the floating sleeve, and a spring provided on the top of the floating sleeve for supporting the floating top rod, wherein the upper end of the supporting top rod cooperates with the lower end of the floating top rod.

[0017] As an improvement, the movable pallet is connected to the horizontal transfer mechanism.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention compared to the prior art are: 1. High degree of automation; This invention achieves automated operation of pressing bearings into the workpiece shell through the coordinated cooperation of the press mechanism, pre-pressing mechanism and support mechanism, without the need for manual intervention, which greatly improves the pressing efficiency; 2. High pressing accuracy; Both the press mechanism and the pre-press mechanism have the function of moving along the X-axis and Y-axis, which can accurately position the workpiece housing to be pressed; At the same time, the pre-press mechanism first pre-presses and positions the bearing, and then the press mechanism performs the final pressing. The staged operation effectively ensures the coaxiality of the bearing and the housing hole and the pressing depth accuracy. 3. Protect the workpiece shell; the support mechanism provides stable support for the workpiece shell during the pressing process through the cooperation of floating top rods, support top rods and wedges, so that the shell does not bear additional deformation force during the pressing process, and avoids cracking or deformation of the shell. 4. Reliable bearing clamping: The grippers, through the cooperation of the annular sleeve, positioning seat, and stop block, can reliably clamp the bearing and ensure that the bearing does not shift during the press-fitting process. During press-fitting, the annular sleeve retracts upward to avoid squeezing with the workpiece housing, and at the same time, the limiting protrusion releases the constraint on the bearing. 5. High adaptability; both the press mechanism and the pre-pressing mechanism have XY bidirectional movement capability, which can adapt to different pressing position requirements of different shell workpieces; the lower press rod and the sliding mounting seat are quickly connected, which makes it easy to replace the press head of different specifications and adapt to the pressing of bearings of different sizes. 6. High degree of integration: The bearing pressing device, bearing feeding device, positioning pin pressing device and positioning pin feeding device are integrated into the same equipment. The pressing operation of bearings and positioning pins can be completed sequentially or simultaneously on the same equipment. There is no need to transfer workpieces between different equipment, which reduces the equipment footprint and improves production efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a bearing feeding device.

[0021] Figure 3 To improve the schematic diagram of the mechanism.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the bearing press-fitting device.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the press mechanism.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the pre-compression mechanism.

[0025] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of a bearing indenter.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the gripper.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the supporting structure.

[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the engagement of the wedge block and the support rod.

[0029] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a positioning pin press-fit device.

[0030] Figure 12 This is a sectional view of the locating pin press-fitting device. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0032] An automated bearing and locating pin press-fitting device includes a bearing press-fitting unit, a bearing feeding unit that supplies material to the bearing press-fitting unit, a locating pin press-fitting unit, and a locating pin feeding unit that supplies material to the locating pin press-fitting unit. All units are controlled and coordinated by a unified control system to achieve automated feeding and press-fitting of bearings and locating pins throughout the entire process.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the bearing loading device includes a turntable mechanism 500 for storing bearings, a lifting mechanism 600, and a loading robot 700 for transferring bearings.

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, the turntable mechanism 500 includes a turntable 510 with several circumferentially evenly distributed storage troughs. Each storage trough group has two storage troughs 520, and bearings are stacked in the storage troughs 520. Different bearings can be placed according to the model of the workpiece shell to meet the pressing requirements of different models of workpiece shells. The turntable 510 is driven to rotate intermittently by a rotation drive mechanism (such as a divider or servo motor), which sequentially delivers the storage troughs 520 containing bearings to the lifting station. Through the multiple circumferentially evenly distributed storage troughs 520, a large amount of bearings can be stored and continuously fed.

[0035] like Figure 2 , 3As shown, the lifting mechanism 600 is located on one side of the loading station of the turntable 510. The lifting mechanism 600 includes a lifting rod 610 and a lifting drive assembly 620 (such as a cylinder or screw motor) for driving the lifting rod 610 to rise and fall. The turntable 510 has clearance grooves corresponding to the positions of each storage trough 520 to avoid the lifting rod 610, and the clearance grooves extend into the storage trough 520. When the turntable 510 rotates a storage trough 520 to the lifting station, the lifting rod 610 passes through the clearance groove from below the turntable 510 and enters the bottom of the storage trough 520. Driven by the lifting drive assembly 620, it lifts the stacked bearings upwards, so that the topmost bearing reaches a height convenient for the loading robot 700 to grasp.

[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, the loading robot 700 includes a cylinder gripper 710, a gripper lifting assembly 720 for raising and lowering the cylinder gripper 710, and a gripper horizontal assembly 730 for moving the cylinder gripper 710 horizontally. The gripper lifting assembly 720 and the gripper horizontal assembly 730 can be implemented using cylinders, lead screw and nut assemblies, or linear modules, etc. The cylinder gripper 710 is used to clamp the bearings lifted from the storage tank 520.

[0037] like Figure 2 As shown, the horizontal gripper assembly 730 has a fixed tray and a movable tray on one side. The fixed tray has an oil reservoir 740 for storing lubricating oil. When the bearing is moved to the fixed tray position, lubrication can be completed in the oil reservoir. The movable tray has an oil receiving groove. Before loading, the bearing is transferred to the oil receiving groove, which collects dripping lubricating oil to keep the equipment clean. The movable tray is connected to a horizontal transfer mechanism (cylinder, lead screw and nut assembly, or linear module), which can transfer the lubricated bearing to the next station for use by the bearing pressing device.

[0038] like Figure 4 As shown, the bearing press-fitting device comprises, from top to bottom: a press mechanism 100 in the upper layer, a pre-pressing mechanism 200 in the middle layer, and a support mechanism 300 for supporting the workpiece housing in the lower layer. The press mechanism 100 includes a first press head assembly and a first drive assembly for driving the first press head assembly to move along the X-axis and Y-axis. The pre-pressing mechanism 200 includes a second press head assembly and a second drive assembly for driving the second press head assembly to move along the X-axis and Y-axis. The entire device is fixed to a frame 400.

[0039] like Figure 5As shown, the first drive assembly includes a first upper mounting plate 111 fixed to the frame 400, a second upper mounting plate 112 slidably engaged with the first upper mounting plate 111, a third upper mounting plate 113 slidably engaged with the second upper mounting plate 112, a first X-axis power source 114 driving the second upper mounting plate 112 to move along the X-axis, and a first Y-axis power source 115 driving the third upper mounting plate 113 to move along the Y-axis. The first pressure head assembly includes a bearing press 116 mounted on the third upper mounting plate 113, a first pressure head 117 connected to the bearing press 116, and a calibration sensor disposed within the first pressure head 117. The bearing press 116 is inverted and provides the main pressure required for bearing press-fitting; the lower end of its piston rod is connected to the first pressure head 117.

[0040] like Figure 5 As shown, specifically, the second upper mounting plate 112 is slidably engaged with the first upper mounting plate 111 via a first linear guide pair (including a guide rail and a slider), and the third upper mounting plate 113 is slidably engaged with the second upper mounting plate 112 via a second linear guide pair. The first X-axis power source 114 and the first Y-axis power source 115 are both lead screw and nut assemblies, achieving precise displacement control through the transmission of the lead screw and nut. During operation, the first X-axis power source 114 drives the second upper mounting plate 112 to move along the X-axis direction, and the first Y-axis power source 115 drives the third upper mounting plate 113 to move along the Y-axis direction, thereby achieving precise positioning of the bearing press 116 in the horizontal plane, aligning the first pressure head 117 with the pressing hole position on the workpiece housing.

[0041] like Figure 6 As shown, the second drive assembly includes a first middle layer mounting plate 211 fixed on the frame, a second middle layer mounting plate 212 slidably engaged with the first middle layer mounting plate 211, a third middle layer mounting plate 213 slidably engaged with the second middle layer mounting plate 212, a second X-axis power source 214 driving the second middle layer mounting plate 212 to move along the X-axis, a second Y-axis power source 215 driving the third middle layer mounting plate 213 to move along the Y-axis, a fourth middle layer mounting plate 216 perpendicularly connected to the third middle layer mounting plate 213, a bearing pressure head 220 slidably engaged with the fourth middle layer mounting plate 216, and a pre-pressure cylinder 217 driving the bearing pressure head 220 to rise and fall. The bearing pressure head 220 and the pre-pressure cylinder 217 constitute the second pressure head assembly.

[0042] like Figure 6As shown, specifically, the second middle-layer mounting plate 212 is slidably engaged with the first middle-layer mounting plate 211 via a third linear guide pair, and the third middle-layer mounting plate 213 is slidably engaged with the second middle-layer mounting plate 212 via a fourth linear guide pair. The second X-axis power source 214 and the second Y-axis power source 215 are both lead screw and nut assemblies. The preload cylinder 217 is fixed to the fourth middle-layer mounting plate 216, and its piston rod is connected to the upper end of the bearing pressure head 220, driving the bearing pressure head 220 to move up and down.

[0043] like Figure 4 As shown, when the pre-pressing mechanism 200 is working, the second X-axis power source 214 drives the second middle-layer mounting plate 212 to move along the X-axis direction, and the second Y-axis power source 215 drives the third middle-layer mounting plate 213 to move along the Y-axis direction, thereby achieving precise positioning of the bearing pressure head 220 in the horizontal plane. The pre-pressing cylinder 217 drives the bearing pressure head 220 to descend, pre-pressing the bearing into the hole of the workpiece housing with a small pressure. After pre-positioning is completed, the press mechanism 100 performs the final pressing.

[0044] like Figure 7 As shown, the bearing pressure head 220 includes a sliding mounting base 221, an upper pressure rod 222 located at the top of the sliding mounting base 221, a lower pressure rod 223 located at the bottom of the sliding mounting base 221, and a gripper 230 that telescopically engages with the lower pressure rod 223. The sliding mounting base 221 is connected to the piston rod of the pre-pressure cylinder 217, which is fixed to the third middle layer mounting plate 213. The sliding mounting base 221 is slidably engaged with the fourth middle layer mounting plate 216 to ensure the guiding accuracy of the lifting movement. The lower pressure rod 223 is quickly detached from the sliding mounting base 221, facilitating the rapid replacement of the corresponding lower pressure rod 223 and gripper 230 according to different bearing specifications.

[0045] like Figure 8As shown, the gripper 230 includes an annular sleeve 231, with a groove 232 at its lower end, and a positioning seat 233 within the groove 232. The lower end of the pressure rod 223 passes through the annular sleeve 231 and is fixedly connected to the positioning seat 233. The positioning seat 233 has a positioning surface 234 that engages with the bearing; the shape of the positioning surface 234 matches the inner ring surface of the bearing for precise positioning. A spring 235 is provided between the annular sleeve 231 and the annular flange 224 on the pressure rod 223; the spring 235 is sleeved on the outer circumference of the pressure rod 223, with its upper end abutting against the annular flange 224 and its lower end abutting against the upper end face of the annular sleeve 231. After the annular sleeve contacts the workpiece housing, it retracts upwards. The lower end of the annular sleeve 231 is provided with several downwardly extending limiting blocks 236, which surround the groove 232. Each limiting block 236 has a hinged contact block 237 that can rotate slightly around the pin. The lower end of the contact block 237 has a limiting protrusion 238, and the limiting block 236 has a through hole corresponding to the position of the limiting protrusion 238. In its natural state, the limiting protrusion 238 extends from the through hole. When it contacts the bearing, the limiting protrusion 238 rotates outward to avoid contact until the bearing is fully inserted into the groove. Then, the limiting protrusion 238 resets and abuts against the lower end of the bearing.

[0046] like Figure 9 , 10As shown, the support mechanism 300 includes a floating top rod assembly 350, a support top rod 310, a lifting cylinder 320 for driving the support top rod 310 up and down, a wedge block 330 that cooperates with the support top rod 310, and a support cylinder 340 that drives the wedge block 330 to move closer to or away from the support top rod 310. The floating top rod assembly includes a floating sleeve, a floating top rod with its lower end inserted into the floating sleeve, and a spring on the top of the floating sleeve for supporting the floating top rod. The upper end of the support top rod cooperates with the lower end of the floating top rod. The floating top rod assembly and the support assembly are fixed to a sliding plate to form a fixing mechanism for the workpiece shell. The sliding plate moves back and forth between the loading station and the pressing station via a slide rail. The upper end of the support top rod 310 cooperates with the lower end of the floating top rod, and the upper end of the floating top rod contacts the bottom of the workpiece shell. Pressure plates 311 are provided on opposite sides of the support top rod 310, and the pressure plates 311 are provided with pressure-bearing inclined surfaces that cooperate with the wedge block 330. The wedge 330 is U-shaped. The U-shaped wedge 330 simultaneously engages with the pressure-bearing inclined surface of the pressure-bearing platform 311 from both sides to provide symmetrical support force. The inclined surface precisely compensates for the height of the workpiece housing, so that the bearing can be in the correct press-fit plane. The working principle of the support mechanism 300 is as follows: The lifting cylinder 320 drives the support rod 310 to rise to a predetermined height, so that the upper end of the floating rod contacts and slightly presses against the bottom of the workpiece shell; the support cylinder 340 drives the wedge block 330 to move horizontally towards the support rod 310, and the inclined surface of the wedge block 330 cooperates with the pressure-bearing inclined surface of the pressure table 311, converting the horizontal movement of the wedge block 330 into a downward locking force on the support rod 310, thereby firmly locking the support rod 310 in the current position; during the pressing process, the floating rod provides stable reaction force support for the workpiece shell, so that the shell does not deform when subjected to the pressing force; after the pressing is completed, the support cylinder 340 drives the wedge block 330 to retract, and the support rod 310 descends to reset.

[0047] The process of pressing the bearing onto the workpiece housing using the above-mentioned bearing pressing device is as follows: Workpiece placement and support: Place the workpiece housing to be press-fitted with the bearing above the support mechanism 300, so that the press-fitting hole of the housing is roughly aligned with the center of the device; the lifting cylinder 320 drives the support rod 310 to raise the floating rod to the predetermined height, so that the upper end of the floating rod contacts the bottom of the housing; the support cylinder 340 drives the wedge block 330 to lock and fix the support rod 310.

[0048] Bearing Pickup: The gripper 230 picks up the bearing, the positioning surface 234 of the positioning seat 233 engages with the bearing, and the limiting protrusion 238 of the stop block 237 holds the lower end of the bearing, thus reliably clamping the bearing.

[0049] Pre-press positioning: The second X-axis power source 214 and the second Y-axis power source 215 of the pre-press mechanism 200 drive the bearing pressure head 220 to move horizontally according to the preset program, so that the gripper 230 is aligned with the mounting hole on the housing; the pre-press cylinder 217 drives the bearing pressure head 220 to descend, the bearing pressure head 220 continues to descend, the gripper 230 retracts to release the bearing constraint, and the small pressure provided by the pre-press cylinder 217 pre-presses the bearing into the hole of the housing, completing the pre-positioning of the bearing.

[0050] Final pressing: The first X-axis power source 114 and the first Y-axis power source 115 of the press mechanism 100 drive the bearing press 116 to move horizontally according to the preset program, so that the first press head assembly is aligned with the second press head assembly. The bearing press 116 applies the main pressure, and the first press head assembly pushes the bearing downward through the second press head assembly, and finally presses it into the predetermined depth position of the housing hole.

[0051] The positioning pin feeding device includes a high-pressure gas blowing mechanism and a pin transfer mechanism that connects to the end of the high-pressure gas blowing mechanism.

[0052] like Figure 6 As shown, the high-pressure gas blowing mechanism uses compressed air to blow the positioning pins from the hopper or feeder to the pin transfer mechanism 800. Compared with the traditional mechanical pushing method, high-pressure gas blowing can avoid mechanical damage to the positioning pins during the conveying process, and is especially suitable for conveying small-sized or precision positioning pins.

[0053] like Figure 11 , 12 As shown, the pin transfer mechanism 800 includes a housing 810, an inner core 860 that slides with the housing 810, and a conveying cylinder that drives the inner core 860. The housing 810 has an inlet 811 for the positioning pin to enter, and the inner core 860 has a positioning hole 861 for accommodating the positioning pin, which can be aligned with the inlet. When the positioning pin enters through the inlet 811 and falls into the positioning hole 861 of the inner core 860, the conveying cylinder drives the inner core 860 to slide relative to the housing 810, transferring the positioning pin to the feeding position of the positioning pin pressing device.

[0054] like Figure 11 , 12 As shown, the positioning pin pressing device is installed on the third middle layer mounting plate 213. It includes a pressing sleeve 820, a positioning nozzle 850 located at the lower end of the pressing sleeve 820, a pressing rod 830 inserted at the upper end of the pressing sleeve 820, a positioning pin press and a positioning pin pre-pressing machine 840 that cooperate with the pressing rod 830.

[0055] like Figure 11 , 12As shown, the outer shell is fixedly connected to the press-fit sleeve 820, and the press-fit sleeve 820 has an opening on one side for the inner core 860 to extend into. The inner core 860 of the pin transfer mechanism extends into the press-fit sleeve 820 through this opening, sends the positioning pin into the press-fit sleeve 820, and then the inner core 860 is withdrawn, leaving the positioning pin in the press-fit sleeve 820 and falling into the positioning nozzle 850 to await press-fitting.

[0056] like Figure 11 , 12 As shown, a locating pin press (such as a cylinder or servo press) drives the pressing rod 830 downwards, pushing the locating pin out of the pressing sleeve 820 and pressing it into the locating pin hole of the workpiece through the locating nozzle 850. A bearing press can be used; by moving the XY axis of the bearing press, bearing pressing and locating pin pressing can be achieved. A locating pin pre-pressing machine is connected to the pressing rod 830. The pre-pressing machine first sends the locating nozzle 850 to the designated position, and then the locating pin press presses the locating pin out for assembly.

[0057] like Figure 11 , 12 As shown, a hinged baffle 851 is provided on one side of the positioning nozzle 850. The baffle 851 enters the positioning nozzle 850 through a notch on one side. The side of the baffle 851 that enters the positioning nozzle 850 is arc-shaped. The structural design of the baffle 851 has the following functions: when the positioning pin is not pressed in, the baffle 851 extends into the positioning nozzle 850 under the action of gravity or an elastic element, blocking the positioning pin from below and preventing the positioning pin from accidentally falling out of the positioning nozzle 850; when the pressing rod 830 pushes the positioning pin downward, the positioning pin pushes open the arc-shaped baffle 851, and the baffle 851 rotates outward around the hinge point to make room, allowing the positioning pin to pass smoothly through the positioning nozzle 850 and be pressed into the workpiece. The arc-shaped design makes the contact between the baffle 851 and the positioning pin a smooth transition, avoiding scratches on the surface of the positioning pin.

[0058] Positioning pin pressing process: A high-pressure gas blowing mechanism blows the positioning pin to the pin transfer mechanism. The positioning pin enters the positioning hole 861 of the inner core 860 through the inlet on the outer shell. The conveying cylinder drives the inner core 860 to move, feeding the positioning pin into the pressing sleeve 820 through the opening on one side of the pressing sleeve 820. The positioning pin pre-pressing machine drives the pressing rod 830 to move downward, so that the positioning nozzle 850 is delivered to the designated position. The positioning pin press applies pressure to the pressing rod 830 and moves it downward relative to the pressing sleeve 820, pressing the positioning pin into the positioning pin hole of the workpiece through the positioning nozzle 850. The arc-shaped baffle 851 inside the positioning nozzle 850 automatically moves aside during the pressing process and automatically resets after pressing is completed.

Claims

1. A fully automatic bearing and locating pin press-fitting device, comprising a bearing press-fitting device, a bearing feeding device for feeding the bearing press-fitting device, a locating pin press-fitting device, and a locating pin feeding device for feeding the locating pin press-fitting device; characterized in that: The bearing loading device includes a turntable mechanism for storing bearings, a lifting mechanism, and a loading robot for transferring bearings. The turntable mechanism includes a turntable with several circumferentially evenly distributed storage slots, in which bearings are stacked. The lifting mechanism is located on one side of the turntable loading station and includes a lifting rod and a lifting drive assembly for driving the lifting rod up and down. The turntable has a clearance groove for avoiding the lifting rod, which extends into the storage slots. The loading robot includes a cylinder gripper, a gripper lifting assembly for driving the cylinder gripper up and down, and a gripper horizontal assembly for driving the cylinder gripper horizontally. One side of the gripper horizontal assembly has a fixed support plate and a movable support plate. The fixed support plate has an oil storage slot, and the movable support plate has an oil receiving slot. The bearing press-fitting device includes, from top to bottom, a press mechanism in the upper layer, a pre-pressing mechanism in the middle layer, and a support mechanism for supporting the workpiece in the lower layer; The press mechanism includes a first press head assembly and a first drive assembly that drives the first press head assembly to move along the X-axis and Y-axis; the pre-pressing mechanism includes a second press head assembly and a second drive assembly that drives the second press head assembly to move along the X-axis and Y-axis; the support mechanism includes a floating top rod assembly, a support top rod that cooperates with the floating top rod assembly, a lifting cylinder that drives the top rod to rise and fall, a wedge that cooperates with the support top rod, and a support cylinder that drives the wedge to move closer to or away from the support top rod. The side wall of the support top rod is provided with a pressure-bearing platform, and the pressure-bearing platform is provided with a pressure-bearing inclined surface that cooperates with the wedge. The positioning pin feeding device includes a high-pressure gas blowing mechanism and a pin transfer mechanism that docks with the end of the high-pressure gas blowing mechanism; the pin transfer mechanism includes a housing, an inner core that slides with the housing, and a conveying cylinder that drives the inner core. The housing is provided with an inlet for the positioning pin to enter, and the inner core is provided with a positioning hole for accommodating the positioning pin. The positioning hole can be aligned with the inlet. The positioning pin pressing device includes a pressing sleeve, a positioning nozzle located at the lower end of the pressing sleeve, a pressing rod inserted at the upper end of the pressing sleeve, and a positioning pin press that cooperates with the pressing rod; the outer shell is fixedly connected to the pressing sleeve, and one side of the pressing sleeve is provided with an opening for the inner core to extend into; one side of the positioning nozzle is provided with a hinged baffle, and the baffle enters the positioning nozzle through a notch on one side of the positioning nozzle, and the side of the baffle entering the positioning nozzle is arc-shaped.

2. The fully automatic pressing equipment for bearings and locating pins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first drive assembly includes a first upper mounting plate fixed on the frame, a second upper mounting plate slidably engaged with the first upper mounting plate, a third upper mounting plate slidably engaged with the second upper mounting plate, a first X-axis power source for driving the second upper mounting plate to move along the X-axis, and a first Y-axis power source for driving the third upper mounting plate to move along the Y-axis; the first pressure head assembly includes a bearing press mounted on the third upper mounting plate, a first pressure head connected to the bearing press, and a calibration sensor mounted inside the first pressure head.

3. The fully automatic pressing equipment for bearings and locating pins according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second upper mounting plate is slidably engaged with the first upper mounting plate via a first linear guide pair, and the third upper mounting plate is slidably engaged with the second upper mounting plate via a second linear guide pair; the first X-axis power source and the first Y-axis power source are both lead screw and nut assemblies.

4. The fully automatic pressing equipment for bearings and locating pins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second drive assembly includes a first middle layer mounting plate fixed on the frame, a second middle layer mounting plate slidably engaged with the first middle layer mounting plate, a third middle layer mounting plate slidably engaged with the second middle layer mounting plate, a second X-axis power source that drives the second middle layer mounting plate to move along the X-axis, a second Y-axis power source that drives the third middle layer mounting plate to move along the Y-axis, a fourth middle layer mounting plate perpendicularly connected to the third middle layer mounting plate, a bearing pressure head slidably engaged with the fourth middle layer mounting plate, and a pre-pressure cylinder that drives the bearing pressure head to rise and fall. The bearing pressure head and the pre-pressure cylinder together form the second pressure head assembly.

5. The fully automatic pressing equipment for bearings and locating pins according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second middle-layer mounting plate is slidably engaged with the first middle-layer mounting plate via a third linear guide pair, and the third middle-layer mounting plate is slidably engaged with the second middle-layer mounting plate via a fourth linear guide pair; the second X-axis power source and the second Y-axis power source are both lead screw and nut assemblies.

6. The fully automatic press-fitting equipment for bearings and locating pins according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bearing pressure head includes a sliding mounting base, an upper pressure rod located on top of the sliding mounting base, a lower pressure rod located at the bottom of the sliding mounting base, and a clamping claw that telescopically engages with the lower pressure rod; the lower pressure rod is quickly detached from the sliding mounting base.

7. The fully automatic press-fitting equipment for bearings and locating pins according to claim 6, characterized in that: The gripper includes an annular sleeve with a groove at its lower end. A positioning seat is provided in the groove. The lower end of the pressure rod passes through the annular sleeve and is fixedly connected to the positioning seat. The positioning seat has a positioning surface that engages with the bearing. A spring is provided between the annular sleeve and the annular flange on the pressure rod. The lower end of the annular sleeve has several downwardly extending limiting blocks. The limiting blocks are arranged around the groove. Each limiting block has a contact block that is hinged to it. The lower end of the contact block has a limiting protrusion. A through hole is provided on the limiting block corresponding to the position of the limiting protrusion. After the limiting protrusion extends out of the through hole, it can abut against the lower end of the bearing.

8. The fully automatic press-fitting equipment for bearings and locating pins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wedge is U-shaped, and the pressure-bearing platform is located on both sides of the supporting top rod.

9. The fully automatic pressing equipment for bearings and locating pins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The floating top rod assembly includes a floating sleeve, a floating top rod with its lower end inserted into the floating sleeve, and a spring located at the top of the floating sleeve to support the floating top rod. The upper end of the supporting top rod engages with the lower end of the floating top rod.

10. The fully automatic press-fitting equipment for bearings and locating pins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable pallet is connected to the horizontal transfer mechanism.

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