A high-speed CNC machining device and machining method based on tool path optimization and cooling control

Abstract

The application discloses a high-speed CNC machining device and machining method based on tool path optimization and cooling control, and relates to the technical field of CNC machining equipment. The device comprises a machining table, the surface of the machining table is provided with a CNC machining mechanism, the CNC machining mechanism comprises an X-axis moving frame which is slidably arranged on the surface of the machining table, and the front surface of the X-axis moving frame is provided with a Y-axis movable seat which can move horizontally. The floating tool holder assembly is arranged, in the high-speed cutting process, the cutting impact on the tool can be flexibly buffered through the floating assembly, the vibration and impact caused by the sudden change of the cutting force are effectively reduced, and when the tool is stressed to float up, the annular push plate is synchronously pushed, the linkage pulley is lifted up, and the piston cylinder is compressed. The air pressure drives the corrugated compression cylinder to expand and contract through the air guide pipe, drives the adjusting cover to slide relative to the liquid inlet circular shell, and changes the coincidence degree of the adjusting hole and the liquid inlet hole automatically according to the cutting force, so that the adaptive adjustment of the cooling liquid flow is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of CNC machining equipment technology, specifically to a high-speed CNC machining device and machining method based on tool path optimization and cooling control. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of high-speed CNC precision machining, the requirements for surface quality, dimensional accuracy and machining efficiency of parts are constantly increasing, and traditional machining methods have many technical defects in practical applications.

[0003] In terms of toolpath planning, existing technologies generally adopt traditional linear interpolation, circular interpolation and other basic path generation methods. When machining different areas such as planes, curved surfaces, corners and grooves, they cannot adaptively adjust the path spacing and turning mode according to the curvature change and the cutting load change. This can easily cause the cutting force to change drastically and instantaneously, causing tool vibration, which in turn forms vibration marks, ripples and unevenness on the surface of the part, resulting in high surface roughness. At the same time, it aggravates tool wear and affects the dimensional accuracy and service life of the part.

[0004] In terms of cooling control, traditional high-speed CNC machining often uses a single coolant spray structure with fixed flow rate, fixed pressure, and fixed spray angle. The cooling parameters cannot be adjusted in real time according to changes in the machining area, cutting load, and cutting temperature. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-speed CNC machining device and machining method based on tool path optimization and cooling control, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a high-speed CNC machining device and machining method based on toolpath optimization and cooling control, comprising a machining table, wherein a CNC machining mechanism is provided on the surface of the machining table, the CNC machining mechanism includes an X-axis moving frame slidably disposed on the surface of the machining table, a horizontally movable Y-axis movable seat is provided on the front side of the X-axis moving frame, and a vertically movable Z-axis moving seat is provided on the front side of the Y-axis movable seat; A floating tool holder assembly is fixedly installed on the front of the Z-axis moving base. An industrial camera is fixedly connected to the left side of the floating tool holder assembly, and a dynamic cooling mechanism is fixedly installed on the right side of the floating tool holder assembly. The floating tool holder assembly includes a fixed plate fixed to the surface of the Z-axis moving seat. A rotary motor is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the fixed plate, and a fixed cylinder is fixed on the lower surface of the fixed plate. The rotating shaft of the rotary motor extends into the interior of the fixed cylinder and is fixedly connected to a fixed disk. Four guide holes are opened on the surface of the fixed disk, and floating rods are slidably arranged on the inner wall of the guide holes. A limit disk is fixed at the bottom end of the four floating rods, and a tool mounting seat is fixed at the central axis of the lower surface of the limit disk.

[0007] Preferably, an annular push plate is fixedly connected to the top of each of the four floating rods, and a compression spring is sleeved on the surface of the floating rod. The top of the compression spring is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the annular push plate, and the bottom of the compression spring is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the limiting plate.

[0008] Preferably, a piston cylinder is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed cylinder, a piston rod is slidably arranged on the inner wall of the piston cylinder, a U-shaped frame is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the piston rod, a linkage pulley is rotatably arranged at the bottom end of the U-shaped frame, the position of the linkage pulley corresponds to the annular push plate, and the linkage pulley is slidably connected to the upper surface of the annular push plate. A return spring is sleeved on the surface of the piston rod, and the bottom end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the U-shaped frame.

[0009] Preferably, the output end of the piston cylinder is fixedly connected to an air guide pipe, and the dynamic cooling mechanism includes an extension plate fixedly connected to the right side of the Z-axis moving seat. A flow regulating cylinder is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the extension plate, and a cooling nozzle is fixedly embedded at the bottom end of the flow regulating cylinder. The end of the air guide pipe away from the piston cylinder extends into the interior of the flow regulating cylinder and is fixedly connected to a corrugated compression cylinder. An adjustment plate is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the corrugated compression cylinder, and an adjustment cover is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the adjustment plate.

[0010] Preferably, the input end of the cooling nozzle is fixedly connected to a liquid inlet shell, the size of which matches the adjusting cover. The adjusting cover is fitted onto the surface of the liquid inlet shell, and the liquid inlet shell is slidably connected to the inner wall of the adjusting cover. Adjusting holes are provided on both sides of the adjusting cover, and liquid inlet holes are provided on both sides of the liquid inlet shell. The positions of the liquid inlet holes correspond to the adjusting holes.

[0011] Preferably, the dynamic cooling mechanism further includes a liquid storage tank fixed inside the processing table, a coolant delivery pump fixed to the back of the liquid storage tank, a delivery pipe fixedly connected to the output end of the coolant delivery pump, a coolant hose fixedly connected to the end of the delivery pipe away from the coolant delivery pump, and the end of the coolant hose away from the delivery pipe extending into the interior of the flow regulating cylinder.

[0012] Preferably, an X-axis motor is fixedly installed inside the processing table, an X-axis lead screw is fixed to the output end of the X-axis motor, an X-axis moving block is threadedly connected to the surface of the X-axis lead screw, a connecting plate is fixed to the upper surface of the X-axis moving block, both ends of the connecting plate are fixedly connected to the bottom of the X-axis moving frame, X-axis guide rails are fixed to both the left and right sides of the processing table, and the X-axis moving frame is slidably connected to the surface of the X-axis guide rails through guide rail sliders.

[0013] Preferably, a Y-axis motor is fixed to one side of the top of the X-axis moving frame, the output end of the Y-axis motor extends into the interior of the X-axis moving frame and is fixed with a Y-axis lead screw, a Y-axis moving block is threaded onto the surface of the Y-axis lead screw, and the Y-axis moving block is fixedly connected to the back of the Y-axis movable seat.

[0014] Preferably, a Z-axis motor is fixed to the top of the Y-axis movable seat, the output end of the Z-axis motor extends into the interior of the Y-axis movable seat and is fixed with a Z-axis lead screw, a Z-axis moving block is threaded onto the surface of the Z-axis lead screw, and the top of the Z-axis moving block is fixedly connected to the back of the Z-axis moving seat.

[0015] A high-speed CNC machining method based on toolpath optimization and cooling control includes the following steps: S1. An industrial camera acquires images of the processing area in real time. The image recognition module identifies and partitions the surface features of the workpiece and transmits the data to the control box. The control box generates a tool path based on feature optimization.

[0016] S2. The control box drives the CNC machining mechanism, the rotary motor drives the tool to rotate at high speed to perform cutting. The industrial camera continuously identifies the machining area in real time, and the image recognition module constantly corrects the path parameters to ensure that the tool always moves along the optimal trajectory.

[0017] S3. The cutting tool is subjected to a cutting reaction force, which pushes the limiting plate, floating rod, and annular push plate upward slightly, compressing the spring to buffer the impact, suppress vibration, and protect the tool and workpiece. The annular push plate lifts the linkage pulley upward, pushing the piston rod to compress the piston cylinder, increasing the pressure in the air chamber. The high-pressure gas enters the corrugated compression cylinder in the flow regulating cylinder through the air guide pipe, pushing the corrugated compression cylinder to extend. This causes the regulating plate and regulating cover to move downward, increasing the overlap area between the regulating hole and the liquid inlet hole. The coolant flow rate automatically increases with the increase of cutting force.

[0018] S4. The coolant delivery pump delivers the coolant from the storage tank to the inlet shell via the delivery pipe and coolant hose. The coolant then enters the cooling nozzle through the adjusted flow rate and is sprayed directionally onto the cutting area.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) By setting up an elastic floating tool holder assembly, the cutting impact on the tool during high-speed cutting can be flexibly buffered by the floating assembly, effectively reducing the vibration and impact caused by sudden changes in cutting force. At the same time, when the tool is lifted by force, it pushes the annular push plate, lifts the linkage pulley and compresses the piston cylinder. The air pressure drives the corrugated compression cylinder to extend and retract through the air guide pipe, causing the adjustment cover and the liquid inlet shell to slide relative to each other. This makes the overlap between the adjustment hole and the liquid inlet hole automatically change with the magnitude of the cutting force, realizing the adaptive adjustment of the coolant flow rate. The flow rate automatically increases during heavy-load cutting, quickly removing cutting heat. The wear is reduced during light-load cutting, which not only avoids high-temperature wear of the tool and extends its service life, but also prevents the workpiece from deforming due to overheating, further ensuring machining accuracy.

[0020] (2) Real-time acquisition of processing area images by industrial cameras, intelligent identification of different processing feature areas such as planes, curved surfaces, corners, and grooves, and synchronous feedback of identification results to the control system to realize online dynamic optimization of tool path: automatically reduce path spacing in areas of curvature change and automatically match arc transition at corners to avoid sudden changes in cutting force and vibration caused by path preset deviation, further reduce surface roughness, and improve the processing accuracy and consistency of complex curved surfaces. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a front view structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the rear view structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the processing table of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a top view of the X-axis moving frame structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the Y-axis movable seat of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the front section structure of the fixed cylinder of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the flow regulating cylinder of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the regulating cover and the liquid inlet circular shell of the present invention.

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Machining table; 2. Industrial camera; 3. CNC machining mechanism; 4. Floating tool holder assembly; 6. Dynamic cooling mechanism; 301. X-axis moving frame; 302. Y-axis movable seat; 303. Z-axis moving seat; 304. X-axis motor; 305. X-axis lead screw; 306. X-axis moving block; 307. X-axis guide rail; 308. Y-axis motor; 309. Y-axis lead screw; 310. Y-axis moving block; 311. Z-axis motor; 312. Z-axis lead screw; 313. Z-axis moving block; 401. Rotary motor; 402. Fixed cylinder; 403. Fixed plate; 404. Floating rod; 405. Limiting plate; 406. Tool mounting base; 407. Annular push plate; 408. Compression spring; 409. Piston cylinder; 410. Piston rod; 411. U-shaped frame; 412. Linkage pulley; 413. Return spring; 414. Air guide tube; 601. Flow regulating cylinder; 602. Corrugated compression cylinder; 603. Regulating disc; 604. Regulating cover; 605. Liquid inlet shell; 606. Regulating hole; 607. Liquid inlet hole; 608. Liquid storage tank; 609. Coolant transfer pump; 610. Transfer pipe; 611. Coolant hose; 612. Cooling nozzle. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Please see Figures 1 to 9 The present invention provides a technical solution: a high-speed CNC machining device based on tool path optimization and cooling control, including a machining table 1, a CNC machining mechanism 3 is provided on the surface of the machining table 1, the CNC machining mechanism 3 includes an X-axis moving frame 301 slidably disposed on the surface of the machining table 1, a horizontally movable Y-axis movable seat 302 is provided on the front of the X-axis moving frame 301, and a vertically movable Z-axis moving seat 303 is provided on the front of the Y-axis movable seat 302.

[0025] An X-axis motor 304 is fixedly installed inside the processing table 1. An X-axis lead screw 305 is fixed to the output end of the X-axis motor 304. An X-axis moving block 306 is threadedly connected to the surface of the X-axis lead screw 305. A connecting plate is fixed to the upper surface of the X-axis moving block 306. Both ends of the connecting plate are fixedly connected to the bottom of the X-axis moving frame 301. X-axis guide rails 307 are fixed to both the left and right sides of the processing table 1. The X-axis moving frame 301 is slidably connected to the surface of the X-axis guide rail 307 through the guide rail slider.

[0026] The rotation of the X-axis motor 304 drives the X-axis lead screw 305 to rotate, which in turn drives the X-axis moving block 306 to move linearly along the X-axis direction. This, in turn, drives the X-axis moving frame 301 to move smoothly, thereby achieving precise adjustment of the machining position in the X-axis direction, ensuring the smoothness of the machining feed, and reducing surface quality defects caused by motion impact.

[0027] A Y-axis motor 308 is fixed on one side of the top of the X-axis moving frame 301. The output end of the Y-axis motor 308 extends into the interior of the X-axis moving frame 301 and is fixed with a Y-axis lead screw 309. A Y-axis moving block 310 is threadedly connected to the surface of the Y-axis lead screw 309. The Y-axis moving block 310 is fixedly connected to the back of the Y-axis movable seat 302.

[0028] A Z-axis motor 311 is fixed to the top of the Y-axis movable seat 302. The output end of the Z-axis motor 311 extends into the interior of the Y-axis movable seat 302 and is fixed to a Z-axis lead screw 312. A Z-axis moving block 313 is threadedly connected to the surface of the Z-axis lead screw 312. The top of the Z-axis moving block 313 is fixedly connected to the back of the Z-axis moving seat 303.

[0029] A floating tool holder assembly 4 is fixedly mounted on the front of the Z-axis moving base 303. An industrial camera 2 is fixedly connected to the left side of the floating tool holder assembly 4, and a dynamic cooling mechanism 6 is fixedly mounted on the right side of the floating tool holder assembly 4. A control box and an operation panel are fixedly mounted on the surface of the machining table 1. The industrial camera 2 faces the machining area of ​​the tool and the workpiece, and the lens maintains a constant distance from the machining area to ensure image acquisition clarity.

[0030] The control box has a built-in main control unit, drive unit, signal processing unit and image recognition module. The operation panel is embedded on the outside of the front of the machining table 1 for parameter input, mode switching and start / stop control. The image recognition module is electrically connected to the industrial camera 2 to collect images of the machining area in real time and complete the recognition of machining features such as planes, curved surfaces, corners and grooves. The recognition results are transmitted to the main control unit to realize online optimization of tool paths and realize automated high-speed CNC machining.

[0031] Industrial camera 2 captures the state of the machined surface in real time and transmits the signal to the image recognition module. The module completes feature extraction, region division, and trajectory matching, and sends the optimal path command to the control box. The control box drives the XYZ axis mechanism to perform actions, realizing dynamic optimization of the tool path. This setting can identify the characteristics of the machining area in real time and automatically adjust the path spacing and turning mode, solving the problems of large vibration and high surface roughness in traditional path planning.

[0032] The floating tool holder assembly 4 includes a fixed plate fixed to the surface of the Z-axis moving seat 303. A rotary motor 401 is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the fixed plate, and a fixed cylinder 402 is fixed on the lower surface of the fixed plate. The rotation shaft of the rotary motor 401 extends into the interior of the fixed cylinder 402 and is fixedly connected to a fixed disk 403. Four guide holes are opened on the surface of the fixed disk 403. Floating rods 404 are slidably arranged on the inner wall of the guide holes. Limiting disks 405 are fixed to the bottom ends of the four floating rods 404. A tool mounting seat 406 is fixed at the central axis of the lower surface of the limiting disk 405. The floating rods 404 can slide slightly up and down along the guide holes to ensure that the rotation accuracy of the tool remains unchanged while buffering the cutting force, suppressing vibration and impact, and avoiding the appearance of chatter marks and ripples on the machined surface.

[0033] The top ends of the four floating rods 404 are fixedly connected to an annular push plate 407, and the surface of the floating rods 404 is fitted with a compression spring 408. The top end of the compression spring 408 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the annular push plate 407, and the bottom end of the compression spring 408 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the limiting plate 405. The inner wall of the fixed cylinder 402 is fixedly connected to a piston cylinder 409. The inner wall of the piston cylinder 409 is slidably fitted with a piston rod 410. The bottom end of the piston rod 410 is fixedly connected to a U-shaped frame 411. The bottom end of the U-shaped frame 411 is rotatably fitted with a linkage pulley 412. The position of the linkage pulley 412 corresponds to the annular push plate 407, and the linkage pulley 412 is slidably connected to the upper surface of the annular push plate 407. The surface of the piston rod 410 is fitted with a return spring 413, and the bottom end of the return spring 413 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the U-shaped frame 411.

[0034] During normal cutting, the compression spring 408 is preloaded, providing stable elastic support. The tool position remains unchanged. When the cutting force increases, the tool drives the limit plate 405 and the floating rod 404 to move slightly upward. When the tool floats upward, the annular push plate 407 lifts the linkage pulley 412, pushing the piston rod 410 upward to compress the gas inside the piston cylinder 409, increasing the pressure in the air chamber and converting the mechanical displacement signal into a gas pressure signal.

[0035] The output end of the piston cylinder 409 is fixedly connected to the air guide pipe 414. The dynamic cooling mechanism 6 includes an extension plate fixedly connected to the right side of the Z-axis moving seat 303. The upper surface of the extension plate is fixedly connected to the flow regulating cylinder 601. The bottom end of the flow regulating cylinder 601 is fixedly embedded with a cooling nozzle 612. The end of the air guide pipe 414 away from the piston cylinder 409 extends into the interior of the flow regulating cylinder 601 and is fixedly connected to the corrugated compression cylinder 602. The bottom end of the corrugated compression cylinder 602 is fixedly connected to the regulating plate 603. The lower surface of the regulating plate 603 is fixedly connected to the regulating cover 604. When the air pressure increases, the gas enters the corrugated compression cylinder 602 through the air guide pipe 414, pushing the corrugated compression cylinder 602 to extend, which drives the regulating plate 603 and the regulating cover 604 to move downward, thereby realizing automatic adjustment of the cooling flow.

[0036] The input end of the cooling nozzle 612 is fixedly connected to an inlet shell 605. The size of the inlet shell 605 matches that of the adjusting cover 604. The adjusting cover 604 is fitted onto the surface of the inlet shell 605, and the inlet shell 605 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the adjusting cover 604. Adjusting holes 606 are provided on both sides of the adjusting cover 604, and inlet holes 607 are provided on both sides of the inlet shell 605. The positions of the inlet holes 607 correspond to the adjusting holes 606.

[0037] When the regulating cover 604 moves downward, the overlapping area of ​​the regulating hole 606 and the liquid inlet hole 607 increases, the coolant flow area increases, and the flow rate increases. When the cutting force decreases, the air pressure decreases, the corrugated compressor cylinder 602 returns to its original position, the overlapping area decreases, and the flow rate decreases. During heavy-load cutting, the flow rate automatically increases to quickly remove cutting heat and prevent workpiece thermal deformation; during light-load cutting, the flow rate decreases to reduce coolant loss and achieve precise adaptive cooling.

[0038] The dynamic cooling mechanism 6 also includes a liquid storage tank 608 fixed inside the processing table 1. A coolant delivery pump 609 is fixed to the back of the liquid storage tank 608. A delivery pipe 610 is fixedly connected to the output end of the coolant delivery pump 609. A coolant hose 611 is fixedly connected to the end of the delivery pipe 610 away from the coolant delivery pump 609. The end of the coolant hose 611 away from the delivery pipe 610 extends into the interior of the flow regulating cylinder 601.

[0039] The coolant delivery pump 609 continuously provides a stable pressure of coolant, and with adaptive flow adjustment, it ensures sufficient cooling in high-temperature areas and saves on coolant usage in low-temperature areas, thereby improving cooling efficiency and economy.

[0040] The control box is installed at the bottom front of the machining table 1, and the operation panel is installed on the left side of the control box. It is equipped with a display screen, buttons, an emergency stop switch, and a mode switching knob. It can input machining parameters, view real-time status, call path programs, and manually adjust the three-axis positions. The image data captured by the industrial camera 2 is transmitted to the image recognition module, which intelligently recognizes planes, curved surfaces, corners, and grooves. The data is then transmitted to the main control unit. The main control unit outputs the optimal tool path according to the preset strategy and controls the X-axis motor 304, Y-axis motor 308, Z-axis motor 311, and rotary motor 401 to work together to achieve fully automated machining.

[0041] A high-speed CNC machining method based on toolpath optimization and cooling control includes the following steps: S1. Before starting the device, input the processing parameters through the operation panel, clamp the workpiece on the fixture of the processing table 1, start the system to initialize, and the industrial camera 2 starts to collect images of the processing area in real time. The image recognition module identifies and partitions the surface features of the workpiece and transmits the data to the control box. The control box generates a tool path based on feature optimization, including planar spiral path, curved surface parameterized path, and corner arc transition path.

[0042] S2. After machining begins, the control box drives the CNC machining mechanism 3, and the rotary motor 401 drives the cutting tool to rotate at high speed to perform cutting. The industrial camera 2 continuously identifies the machining area in real time, and the image recognition module constantly corrects the path parameters to ensure that the cutting tool always moves along the optimal trajectory, reducing cutting force fluctuations and vibrations, avoiding surface ripples and unevenness, and improving surface quality and dimensional accuracy.

[0043] S3. During the cutting process, the tool is subjected to the cutting reaction force, which pushes the limiting plate 405, floating rod 404, and annular push plate 407 to move slightly upward. The compression spring 408 buffers the impact, suppresses vibration, and protects the tool and workpiece. The annular push plate 407 pushes the linkage pulley 412 upward, pushing the piston rod 410 to compress the piston cylinder 409, increasing the pressure in the air chamber. The high-pressure gas enters the corrugated compression cylinder 602 in the flow regulating cylinder 601 through the air guide pipe 414, pushing the corrugated compression cylinder 602 to extend. This causes the regulating plate 603 and regulating cover 604 to move downward, increasing the overlapping area of ​​the regulating hole 606 and the liquid inlet hole 607. The coolant flow rate automatically increases with the increase of cutting force.

[0044] S4. The coolant delivery pump 609 delivers the coolant from the storage tank 608 to the inlet shell 605 via the delivery pipe 610 and coolant hose 611. The coolant then enters the cooling nozzle 612 through an adjusted flow rate, and is sprayed directionally onto the cutting area to quickly remove cutting heat, reduce tool temperature, prevent workpiece thermal deformation, further improve surface quality, and extend tool life. When the cutting force decreases, the compression spring 408 and return spring 413 reset, the pressure in the piston cylinder 409 decreases, the corrugated compression cylinder 602 contracts, the adjusting cover 604 moves upward, and the flow rate decreases, achieving adaptive adjustment.

Claims

1. A high-speed CNC machining device and machining method based on toolpath optimization and cooling control, comprising a machining table (1), characterized in that: The surface of the machining table (1) is provided with a CNC machining mechanism (3). The CNC machining mechanism (3) includes an X-axis moving frame (301) that is slidably disposed on the surface of the machining table (1). The front of the X-axis moving frame (301) is provided with a horizontally movable Y-axis movable seat (302). The front of the Y-axis movable seat (302) is provided with a vertically movable Z-axis moving seat (303). A floating tool holder assembly (4) is fixedly installed on the front of the Z-axis moving seat (303). An industrial camera (2) is fixedly connected to the left side of the floating tool holder assembly (4), and a dynamic cooling mechanism (6) is fixedly installed on the right side of the floating tool holder assembly (4). The floating tool holder assembly (4) includes a fixed plate fixed to the surface of the Z-axis moving seat (303). A rotary motor (401) is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the fixed plate, and a fixed cylinder (402) is fixed on the lower surface of the fixed plate. The rotating shaft of the rotary motor (401) extends into the interior of the fixed cylinder (402) and is fixedly connected to a fixed disk (403). Four guide holes are opened on the surface of the fixed disk (403). Floating rods (404) are slidably arranged on the inner wall of the guide holes. A limiting disk (405) is fixed at the bottom end of the four floating rods (404). A tool mounting seat (406) is fixed at the central axis of the lower surface of the limiting disk (405).

2. The high-speed CNC machining device based on toolpath optimization and cooling control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top ends of the four floating rods (404) are fixedly connected to an annular push plate (407), and the surface of the floating rods (404) is fitted with a compression spring (408). The top end of the compression spring (408) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the annular push plate (407), and the bottom end of the compression spring (408) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the limiting plate (405).

3. The high-speed CNC machining device based on toolpath optimization and cooling control according to claim 2, characterized in that: A piston cylinder (409) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed cylinder (402). A piston rod (410) is slidably arranged on the inner wall of the piston cylinder (409). A U-shaped frame (411) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the piston rod (410). A linkage pulley (412) is rotatably arranged at the bottom end of the U-shaped frame (411). The position of the linkage pulley (412) corresponds to the annular push plate (407), and the linkage pulley (412) is slidably connected to the upper surface of the annular push plate (407). A return spring (413) is sleeved on the surface of the piston rod (410). The bottom end of the return spring (413) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the U-shaped frame (411).

4. The high-speed CNC machining device based on toolpath optimization and cooling control according to claim 3, characterized in that: The output end of the piston cylinder (409) is fixedly connected to the air guide pipe (414). The dynamic cooling mechanism (6) includes an extension plate fixedly connected to the right side of the Z-axis moving seat (303). The upper surface of the extension plate is fixedly connected to the flow regulating cylinder (601). The bottom end of the flow regulating cylinder (601) is fixedly embedded with a cooling nozzle (612). The end of the air guide pipe (414) away from the piston cylinder (409) extends into the interior of the flow regulating cylinder (601) and is fixedly connected to the corrugated compression cylinder (602). The bottom end of the corrugated compression cylinder (602) is fixedly connected to the regulating plate (603). The lower surface of the regulating plate (603) is fixedly connected to the regulating cover (604).

5. A high-speed CNC machining apparatus based on toolpath optimization and cooling control according to claim 4, characterized in that: The input end of the cooling nozzle (612) is fixedly connected to a liquid inlet shell (605). The size of the liquid inlet shell (605) matches that of the adjusting cover (604). The adjusting cover (604) is fitted onto the surface of the liquid inlet shell (605), and the liquid inlet shell (605) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the adjusting cover (604). Adjusting holes (606) are provided on both sides of the adjusting cover (604), and liquid inlet holes (607) are provided on both sides of the liquid inlet shell (605). The position of the liquid inlet holes (607) corresponds to that of the adjusting holes (606).

6. A high-speed CNC machining apparatus based on toolpath optimization and cooling control according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dynamic cooling mechanism (6) also includes a liquid storage tank (608) fixed inside the processing table (1). A coolant delivery pump (609) is fixed on the back of the liquid storage tank (608). A delivery pipe (610) is fixedly connected to the output end of the coolant delivery pump (609). A coolant hose (611) is fixedly connected to the end of the delivery pipe (610) away from the coolant delivery pump (609). The end of the coolant hose (611) away from the delivery pipe (610) extends into the interior of the flow regulating cylinder (601).

7. A high-speed CNC machining apparatus based on toolpath optimization and cooling control according to claim 6, characterized in that: An X-axis motor (304) is fixedly installed inside the processing table (1). An X-axis lead screw (305) is fixed at the output end of the X-axis motor (304). An X-axis moving block (306) is threadedly connected to the surface of the X-axis lead screw (305). A connecting plate is fixed on the upper surface of the X-axis moving block (306). Both ends of the connecting plate are fixedly connected to the bottom of the X-axis moving frame (301). X-axis guide rails (307) are fixed on both the left and right sides of the processing table (1). The X-axis moving frame (301) is slidably connected to the surface of the X-axis guide rail (307) through the guide rail slider.

8. A high-speed CNC machining apparatus based on toolpath optimization and cooling control according to claim 7, characterized in that: A Y-axis motor (308) is fixed on one side of the top of the X-axis moving frame (301). The output end of the Y-axis motor (308) extends into the interior of the X-axis moving frame (301) and is fixed with a Y-axis lead screw (309). A Y-axis moving block (310) is threadedly connected to the surface of the Y-axis lead screw (309). The Y-axis moving block (310) is fixedly connected to the back of the Y-axis movable seat (302).

9. A high-speed CNC machining apparatus based on toolpath optimization and cooling control according to claim 8, characterized in that: The top of the Y-axis movable seat (302) is fixed with a Z-axis motor (311). The output end of the Z-axis motor (311) extends into the interior of the Y-axis movable seat (302) and is fixed with a Z-axis lead screw (312). The surface of the Z-axis lead screw (312) is threaded with a Z-axis moving block (313). The top of the Z-axis moving block (313) is fixedly connected to the back of the Z-axis moving seat (303).

10. A high-speed CNC machining method based on toolpath optimization and cooling control, used to implement the high-speed CNC machining apparatus based on toolpath optimization and cooling control as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. The industrial camera (2) collects images of the processing area in real time. The image recognition module identifies and partitions the surface features of the workpiece and transmits the data to the control box. The control box generates a tool path based on feature optimization. S2, the control box drives the CNC machining mechanism (3), the rotary motor (401) drives the tool to rotate at high speed to perform cutting, the industrial camera (2) continuously identifies the machining area in real time, and the image recognition module continuously corrects the path parameters to ensure that the tool always moves along the optimal trajectory; S3. The cutting tool is subjected to the cutting reaction force, which pushes the limiting plate (405), floating rod (404), and ring push plate (407) to move slightly upward, compressing the spring (408) to buffer the impact, suppress vibration, and protect the tool and workpiece. The ring push plate (407) pushes the linkage pulley (412) upward, pushes the piston rod (410) to compress the piston cylinder (409), and increases the pressure in the air chamber. The high-pressure gas enters the corrugated compression cylinder (602) in the flow regulating cylinder (601) through the air guide pipe (414), pushing the corrugated compression cylinder (602) to extend, driving the regulating plate (603) and regulating cover (604) to move downward, so that the overlapping area of ​​the regulating hole (606) and the liquid inlet hole (607) increases, and the coolant flow rate automatically increases with the increase of cutting force. S4. The coolant delivery pump (609) delivers the coolant in the storage tank (608) through the delivery pipe (610) and coolant hose (611) to the inlet shell (605), and enters the cooling nozzle (612) through the adjusted flow rate, and sprays it directionally to the cutting area.

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