A vertical lathe for piston head automated production line

Abstract

The application discloses a vertical lathe for a piston head automatic production line in the technical field of piston head machining, which comprises a workbench, an operating table rotatably arranged on the workbench, and a chuck arranged on the operating table, a support is arranged on the workbench, an adjusting piece is arranged on the support, a cutter is connected to the adjusting piece, a hollow protective cover is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the operating table on the workbench, two groups of the protective covers are each provided with a top protective mechanism for being connected with the cutter, an observation window is embedded on the protective cover, and an observation auxiliary mechanism is arranged on the protective cover and corresponds to the position of the observation window. Through the symmetrical sliding arrangement of the hollow protective cover on both sides of the workbench and the arrangement of the top protective mechanism connected with the cutter on the top of the protective cover, the top of the protective cover can be always closed when the cutter is adjusted in position by the adjusting piece, waste chips are effectively prevented from splashing out from the top, and the environment pollution and safety hazards caused by the waste chips are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of piston head machining, and more specifically to a vertical lathe for use in automated piston head production lines. Background Technology

[0002] In automated piston head production lines, vertical lathes are commonly used machining equipment. They typically hold the piston head with a chuck on the control table, and the piston head is machined by cutting tools as the control table rotates the piston head.

[0003] For example, the single-column CNC vertical lathe proposed in publication number CN117583628B has protective components that can block the chips generated during machining, but it still has the following defects in use: 1. Its lifting protective plate can only achieve 360-degree blocking. Waste chips generated during processing can still easily fly out from the top of the lifting protective plate, which cannot effectively solve the problem of waste chips polluting the working environment and posing potential safety hazards to workers. 2. After the lifting protective plate is used to block the view, it obstructs most of the line of sight, making it difficult for workers to easily observe the processing status of the internal workpieces and hindering the timely detection of tool wear issues. Although the lifting protective plate can be replaced with a transparent material or an observation window can be installed, the waste chips generated during processing will continuously impact and wear down the transparent surface, causing the observation window to quickly become blurry and unable to provide workers with a long-term and effective view of the internal situation. Therefore, we propose a vertical lathe for an automated piston head production line. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a vertical lathe for an automated production line of piston heads, which solves the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] The present invention achieves the above objectives through the following technical solutions: A vertical lathe for an automated production line of piston heads includes a worktable, an operating table rotatably mounted on the worktable, and a chuck mounted on the operating table for holding piston heads. The worktable has a support, and the support has an adjusting component connected to a cutting tool for machining the piston head. Hollow-top protective covers are symmetrically slidably mounted on both sides of the worktable and on the operating table. Each set of protective covers has a top protection mechanism for connecting to the cutting tool. The top protection mechanism is used to always cover the hollow area at the top of the protective cover when the cutting tool is adjusted by the adjusting component. An observation window is embedded in the protective cover, and an observation auxiliary mechanism is provided on the protective cover corresponding to the position of the observation window to ensure the observation window remains clear at all times.

[0006] A further improvement is that the top protection mechanism includes a U-shaped frame slidably disposed on the top of the protective cover, a first winding roller disposed on the outside of the U-shaped frame, a sliding seat slidably disposed inside the U-shaped frame, two second winding rollers respectively disposed on both sides of the sliding seat, an arc-shaped cylinder fixedly inserted into the inside of the sliding seat for the tool mounting seat to enter, an arc-shaped plate slidably disposed inside the arc-shaped cylinder and in contact with the bottom of the mounting seat, and an elastic element connecting the arc-shaped plate and the arc-shaped cylinder for driving the arc-shaped plate to return to its original position. A first baffle is wound on the first winding roller and connected to one side of the top of the protective cover. A second baffle is wound on the second winding roller and connected to one side of the U-shaped frame. The moving directions of the U-shaped frame and the sliding seat are perpendicular. A contact sensor for contacting the mounting seat is embedded in the arc-shaped plate. The arc-shaped cylinders in the two sets of top protective mechanisms are fixed by magnetic adsorption components, which operate when the contact sensor contacts the mounting base.

[0007] A further improvement is that the U-shaped frame is slidably mounted on the top of the protective cover via a guide rail. The guide rail has a movable opening one on the side facing the center of the worktable. One end of the roller shaft of the first winding roller passes through the movable opening one and is fitted with a gear one. The guide rail has a rack one that meshes with the gear one. The rack one, the protective cover, and the guide rail have the same length. The U-shaped frame has a movable opening two on the side facing the first winding roller. One end of the roller shaft of the second winding roller passes through the movable opening two and is fitted with a gear two. The U-shaped frame has a rack two on the side facing the first winding roller that meshes with the gear two. The winding directions of the first protective cloth wound by the first winding roller in the two sets of top protection mechanisms are opposite, and the winding directions of the second protective cloth wound by the second winding roller on both sides of the sliding seat are opposite.

[0008] A further improvement is that the observation auxiliary mechanism includes a transparent protective film disposed inside the protective cover and covering the inside of the observation window. Both ends of the transparent protective film penetrate the outer wall of the protective cover and are respectively wound around the unwinding roller and the take-up roller. The unwinding roller and the take-up roller are both disposed on the protective cover. A movable column is movably inserted at the axis of the take-up roller. A driven gear is fixedly sleeved at the bottom of the outer wall of the movable column. A rack three is provided on the worktable and located on the moving path of the protective cover. The rack three is used to drive the driven gear to drive the take-up roller to wind up the transparent protective film through the movable column when the protective cover moves towards the center of the worktable.

[0009] A further improvement is that the workbench is provided with a self-driving unit, which is used to drive the movable column upward to a preset position when the two sets of protective covers come into contact so that the driven gear is above the rack three, and also to drive the movable column downward to reset when the protective cover is reset to the initial position so that the driven gear corresponds to the rack three.

[0010] A further improvement is that the self-driving unit includes a magnetic contact rod located at the bottom of the movable column and in sliding contact with the top of the worktable. A wedge-shaped block is provided on the top of the worktable and inside the rack three for driving the magnetic contact rod to move the movable column upward to a preset position. A magnetic block is embedded on the top of the worktable and outside the rack three for attracting the magnetic contact rod so that it drives the movable column to return to its original position downward. A locking column is provided at the top of the movable column. Several sets of locking holes are opened on the outer circumference of the locking column. An elastic locking rod is provided on the protective cover. The elastic locking rod is used to lock into a locking hole on the outer wall of the locking column after the movable column moves upward to the preset position.

[0011] A further improvement is that the two sets of protective covers are driven to move closer to or further apart from each other by telescopic devices located on the workbench.

[0012] A further improvement is that each of the two sets of protective covers has an installation port on the opposite side for installing chip removal equipment.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention features a hollow protective cover that is symmetrically slidably installed on both sides of the worktable. A top protective mechanism connected to the cutting tool is installed on the top of the protective cover. This ensures that the top of the protective cover remains closed when the cutting tool is adjusted by the adjustment mechanism, effectively preventing waste from splashing out from the top and avoiding environmental pollution and safety hazards caused by waste. Meanwhile, the protective cover is equipped with an observation window and a corresponding observation auxiliary mechanism. This observation auxiliary mechanism can prevent the observation window from being worn down by waste debris during use, thus affecting the clarity of observation and allowing staff to observe the internal processing situation at any time, thereby improving the controllability and safety of the processing process. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical lathe structure of the present invention; Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Another perspective structural diagram; Figure 3 This is a sectional view of the vertical lathe structure of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of structure A in the image; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of structure B in the image; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged view of the C structure in the image; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the observation auxiliary mechanism in this invention.

[0015] In the diagram: 1. Workbench; 2. Operating table; 3. Chuck; 4. Bracket; 5. Adjusting component; 6. Cutting tool; 7. Protective cover; 71. Mounting port; 72. Observation window; 8. Telescopic device; 9. Top protection mechanism; 91. U-shaped frame; 92. Sliding seat; 93. Winding roller component one; 94. Protective cloth one; 95. Winding roller component two; 96. Protective cloth two; 97. Arc-shaped cylinder; 98. Arc-shaped plate; 99. Contact sensor; 910. Rack one; 911. Guide rail; 912. Rack two; 913. Magnetic adsorption component; 10. Observation auxiliary mechanism; 101. Unwinding roller; 102. Transparent protective film; 103. Rewinding roller; 104. Movable column; 105. Locking column; 106. Elastic locking rod; 107. Magnetic contact rod; 108. Wedge block; 109. Rack three; 110. Magnetic block. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following specific embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content. Example 1

[0017] Please see the appendix Figure 1-3 A vertical lathe for an automated production line of piston heads includes a worktable 1, an operating table 2 rotatably mounted on the worktable 1, the operating table 2 being rotatable and driven by a motor-like rotating device on the lathe (a conventional method in the art, which will not be described in detail here), and a chuck 3 mounted on the operating table 2 for holding the piston head. In this embodiment, the chuck 3 can be a three-jaw chuck or a six-jaw chuck, which are widely used in the art. The worktable 1 is provided with an L-shaped bracket 4, and the bracket 4 is provided with an adjusting member 5. The adjusting member 5 is connected to a cutting tool 6 for machining the piston head. The adjusting member 5 is used to adjust the position of the cutting tool 6. Specifically, it is a device that can drive the cutting tool 6 to achieve X (longitudinal), Y (lateral), and Z (lifting) directions, which will not be described in detail here. In this embodiment, the cutting tool 6 includes a cylindrical mounting base and a cutting tool body connected to the mounting base. The cutting tool 6 is a conventional structure in the art, which will not be described in detail here. On the workbench 1 and on both sides of the operating table 2, there are symmetrically sliding protective covers 7 with hollow tops. Optionally, in this embodiment, a guide rail extending along the length of the workbench 1 is provided on the top of the workbench 1, and a sliding member cooperating with the guide rail is provided at the bottom of the protective cover 7. The opposite sides of the two sets of protective covers 7 are hollow, and the cross-section of the two sets of protective covers 7 is preferably rectangular. The top of the two sets of protective covers 7 is provided with a top protection mechanism 9 for connecting with the cutting tool 6. The top protection mechanism 9 is used to always cover the hollow area at the top of the protective cover 7 when the cutting tool 6 adjusts its position by adjusting the adjustment member 5, so as to prevent the waste generated by the cutting tool 6 when machining the piston head. The debris will not splash out from the top of the protective cover 7, reducing environmental pollution and avoiding injury to workers. The protective cover 7 is equipped with an observation window 72 so that workers can observe the processing of the internal piston head. The protective cover 7 is equipped with an observation auxiliary mechanism 10 at the position corresponding to the observation window 72. Considering that the debris generated during processing may damage the observation window 72, causing it to become blurry or scratched, and affecting the workers' ability to observe the internal processing through the observation window 72 for a long time, the observation auxiliary mechanism 10 is set to keep the observation window 72 clear at all times.

[0018] Preferably, in this embodiment, the two sets of protective covers 7 are driven to move closer to each other or further away from each other by telescopic devices 8 provided on the workbench 1. The telescopic devices 8 in this embodiment can be cylinders, hydraulic cylinders or electric telescopic rods, etc. The end away from the protective cover 7 can be connected to the workbench 1 through a mounting bracket. By driving the two sets of protective covers 7 closer to each other by the telescopic devices 8, they can be covered on the outside of the piston head to be processed. By driving the two sets of protective covers 7 further away from each other by the telescopic devices 8, the piston head can be picked up and put down by workers or external robots.

[0019] Preferably, in this embodiment, both sets of protective covers 7 have mounting ports 71 on opposite sides for installing chip removal equipment. Optionally, in this embodiment, the chip removal equipment on both sides can be a negative pressure chip suction component and a blower chip removal component, respectively. Specifically, the negative pressure chip suction component can be a negative pressure pump connected to the horn-shaped suction head at the mounting port 71 via a hose, and the blower chip removal component can be a blower connected to the blower head at the mounting port 71 via a hose. During operation, one chip removal device blows a high-speed airflow into the protective cover 7, blowing the waste chips to the opposite side, while the other chip removal device generates suction to promptly suck in the waste chips and discharge them to a designated location (such as a chip collection box). This method can promptly remove waste chips during processing, effectively preventing the accumulation and wear of waste chips in the observation window 72 or the tool 6 area, further avoiding unclear observation due to scratches caused by waste chips, improving the processing quality of the piston head, reducing the frequency of manual cleaning, and improving the continuous operation stability of the automated production line. Example 2

[0020] Please see the appendix Figure 2-6Based on Embodiment 1, the top protection mechanism 9 of this embodiment includes a U-shaped frame 91 slidably disposed on the top of the protective cover 7, a first winding roller 93 disposed on the outside of the U-shaped frame 91, a sliding seat 92 slidably disposed within the U-shaped frame 91, two second winding rollers 95 respectively disposed on both sides of the sliding seat 92, an arc-shaped cylinder 97 fixedly inserted into the inside of the sliding seat 92 and into which the mounting seat of the tool 6 enters, an arc-shaped plate 98 slidably disposed within the arc-shaped cylinder 97 and in contact with the bottom of the mounting seat, and an elastic element (such as a spring) connecting the arc-shaped plate 98 and the arc-shaped cylinder 97 for driving the arc-shaped plate 98 to return to its upward position. When the two sets of protective covers 7 approach and contact each other, the U-shaped frames 91 in the two sets of top protection mechanisms 9 contact each other and enclose to form A rectangular frame, two sets of sliding seats 92 contact each other to form a plate with a rectangular cross-section, two sets of arc-shaped cylinders 97 contact each other to form a cylinder with an inner diameter that matches the mounting seat, two sets of arc-shaped plates 98 contact each other to form a ring, the cutter 6 is driven by the adjusting component 5, the mounting seat enters the cylinder, the cutter body passes through the ring downwards, when the cutter 6 moves along the Z axis it can squeeze the ring to move relative to the cylinder, when the cutter 6 moves along the Y axis it drives the rectangular frame to move, when the cutter 6 moves along the X axis it drives the plate to move along the rectangular frame, during the movement the winding roller 93 and the winding roller 95 always cover the hollow area at the top of the protective cover 7, which does not hinder the free position adjustment of the cutter 6 and can effectively prevent chips from splashing out from the top of the protective cover 7; A first baffle 94 is wound around a first winding roller 93, and the first baffle 94 is connected to one side of the top of the protective cover 7. A second baffle 96 is wound around a second winding roller 95, and the second baffle 96 is connected to one side of the U-shaped frame 91. The moving directions of the U-shaped frame 91 and the sliding seat 92 are perpendicular. In this embodiment, both the first winding roller 93 and the second winding roller 95 include a housing. When the roller shaft located inside the housing is rotated, one end of the first baffle 94 or the second baffle 96 passes through one side of the housing and is wound around the outer wall of the roller shaft. The first baffle 94 and the second baffle 96 can be made of high-strength wear-resistant canvas, polyurethane coated cloth, or Kevlar fiber cloth to resist chip impact and wear. When the rectangular frame moves, the first winding roller 93 on both sides causes the first baffle 94 to unfold or retract between the top side of the protective cover 7 and the U-shaped frame 91. When the plate slides inside the rectangular frame, the second winding roller 95 causes the second baffle 96 to unfold or retract between the U-shaped frame 91 and the sliding seat 92. Since the moving directions of the U-shaped frame 91 and the sliding seat 92 are perpendicular to each other, the two sets of baffles compensate for the displacement changes in different directions, thereby always blocking the hollow area at the top of the protective cover 7. The arc plate 98 is embedded with a contact sensor 99 for contacting the mounting base. The contact sensor 99 is electrically connected to an external controller. The arc-shaped cylinders 97 in the two sets of top protective mechanisms 9 are fixed by magnetic adsorption components 913. The magnetic adsorption components 913 work when the contact sensor 99 contacts the mounting base. In this embodiment, the magnetic adsorption component 913 includes a permanent magnet fixed on one arc-shaped cylinder 97 and an electromagnetic block on the other arc-shaped cylinder 97. After the two sets of protective covers 7 come into contact, the mounting base of the cutter 6 enters the cylinder and contacts the arc-shaped plate 98. The contact sensor 99 sends a signal to the external controller, which then controls the electromagnetic block to be energized, thereby adsorbing and fixing the two sets of arc-shaped cylinders 97 together. Thus, when the cutter 6 moves in the future, the rectangular frame formed by the two sets of U-shaped frames 91 can move together, and the plate formed by the two sets of sliding seats 92 can move together.

[0021] Preferably, in this embodiment, the U-shaped frame 91 is slidably mounted on the top of the protective cover 7 via the guide rail 911. The guide rail 911 has an opening 1 on the side facing the center of the workbench 1. When the two sets of protective covers 7 are in contact with each other, the guide rails 911 corresponding to the top of the protective cover 7 are connected and the opening 1 is connected. One end of the roller shaft of the winding roller 93 passes through the opening 1 and is fitted with a gear 1. The guide rail 911 is provided with a rack 910 that meshes with the gear 1. When the two sets of protective covers 7 are in contact with each other, the two racks 910 corresponding to each other are also connected. The U-shaped frame 91 has an opening 2 on the side facing the winding roller 93. One end of the roller shaft of the winding roller 95 passes through the opening 2 and is fitted with a gear 2. The U-shaped frame 91 has a rack 912 that meshes with the gear 2 on the side facing the winding roller 93. In the two sets of top protective mechanisms 9, the winding directions of the first 93 winding rollers of the first 94 are opposite, and the winding directions of the second 95 winding rollers of the second 96 on both sides of the sliding seat 92 are opposite. In this way, when the two protective covers 7 come into contact, no matter whether the cutter 6 moves to the left, right, forward or backward, one side of the roller will always wind up the fabric while the other side unwinds it, thus keeping the first 94 and the second 96 of the protective cover 7 taut and completely covering the top of the protective cover 7. In the hollow area, for example, when the cutter 6 moves to the left, the rectangular frame drives the winding roller 93 to move to the left as a whole. The gear 1 rolls on the rack 910, forcing the roller shaft to rotate. The left winding roller 93 winds up the baffle 94, and the right winding roller 93 unwinds the baffle 94. When the cutter 6 moves to the right, the gear 1 rotates in the opposite direction, unwinding on the left and winding on the right. When the cutter 6 moves forward or backward, the two winding rollers 95 work in the same way, which will not be described in detail here. Example 3

[0022] Please see the appendix Figure 2 or Figure 7Based on Embodiment 1, the observation auxiliary mechanism 10 of this embodiment includes a transparent protective film 102 (which can be made of polyester film) disposed inside the protective cover 7 and covering the inside of the observation window 72. Both ends of the transparent protective film 102 penetrate the outer wall of the protective cover 7 and are respectively wound on the unwinding roller 101 and the take-up roller 103. The unwinding roller 101 and the take-up roller 103 are detachably disposed on the protective cover 7 through bearing seats. A movable column 104 is movably inserted at the axis of the take-up roller 103. In this embodiment, the movable column 104 is a non-circular movable column, such as rectangular, hexagonal or spline, so that the movable column 104 can move freely relative to the axial direction of the take-up roller 103 while driving the take-up roller 103 to rotate synchronously. A driven gear is fixedly sleeved on the bottom of the outer wall of the movable column 104. A rack 3 109 is provided on the worktable 1 and located on the moving path of the protective cover 7. The length of the rack 3 109 is less than the stroke of the protective cover 7. The rack 3 109 is used to drive the driven gear through the movable column 104 to drive the take-up roller 103 to roll up the transparent protective film 102 when the protective cover 7 moves towards the center of the worktable 1. Specifically, when the two sets of protective covers 7 move closer to each other from the initial position towards the center of the worktable 1, the driven gear meshes with the rack 3 109, and the rack 3 109 forces the driven gear to rotate, thereby driving the take-up roller 103 to rotate through the movable column 104, and roll up the worn or scratched film segment. At the same time, the unwind roller 101 releases a new clean film segment, so that the inside of the observation window 72 always maintains a clear and scratch-free field of vision. Using the working movement of the protective cover 7 itself as the driving force, the protective cover 7 opens and closes once after each processing cycle, and the transparent protective film 102 is automatically renewed by a small segment. This prevents the long-term impact and wear of processing waste on the observation window 72, which would lead to blurred observation, and ensures that the observation window 72 provides a clear observation function for a long time.

[0023] Preferably, the workbench 1 in this embodiment is provided with a self-driving unit. The self-driving unit is used to drive the movable column 104 upward to a preset position when the two sets of protective covers 7 are in contact, so that the driven gear is above the rack 3 109. It also drives the movable column 104 downward to reset when the protective cover 7 is reset to the initial position, so that the driven gear corresponds to the rack 3 109. By driving the driven gear above the rack 3 109 when the two sets of protective covers 7 are in contact, the driven gear will not be affected by the rack 3 109 and drive the take-up roller 103 to reverse when the protective covers 7 move away from each other to reset, thus avoiding the transparent protective film 102 being mistakenly retracted. When the protective cover 7 is reset to the initial position, the movable column 104 resets downward to reset the driven gear to correspond to the rack 3 109 again, so that the protective covers 7 can mesh when they move closer to each other in the future, thus preparing for normal winding when the protective cover 7 moves towards the center again.

[0024] Preferably, the self-driving unit in this embodiment includes a magnetic contact rod 107 located at the bottom of the movable column 104 and in sliding contact with the top of the worktable 1. The magnetic contact rod 107 is made of magnetic material, and a magnetic ball can be embedded in its bottom. A wedge block 108 is provided on the top of the worktable 1, inside the rack 3 109, for driving the magnetic contact rod 107 to move the movable column 104 upward to a preset position. The wedge block 108 has an inclined surface, with one end of the inclined surface facing the center of the worktable 1 being higher than the other end, forming a climbing slope from low to high. A magnetic contact rod 107 is embedded on the top of the worktable 1, outside the rack 3 109, for attracting the magnetic contact rod 107. The magnetic block 110 drives the movable column 104 to reset downwards. The magnetic block 110 and the magnetic contact rod 107 are opposite magnetic poles. The top of the movable column 104 is provided with a locking column 105. The outer wall of the locking column 105 is provided with several sets of arc-shaped locking holes. The protective cover 7 is provided with an elastic locking rod 106. In this embodiment, the elastic locking rod 106 includes an elastic telescopic rod (such as a stainless steel sleeve rod with a built-in spring) and a ball embedded in one end of the elastic telescopic rod for locking into the locking hole. Of course, the elastic locking rod 106 is not limited to the above one. The elastic locking rod 106 is used to lock into a locking hole on the outer wall of the locking column 105 after the movable column 104 moves upwards to a preset position. As the two sets of protective covers 7 move from both sides toward the center of the workbench 1 and gradually approach each other, they first contact the lower end of the inclined surface of the wedge block 108 (at this time, the driven gear and rack 3 109 are in a misaligned but corresponding state). As the protective covers 7 continue to move inward, the magnetic contact rod 107 climbs up the inclined surface, thereby pushing the movable column 104 to drive the locking column 105 to move upward. At this time, the ball of the elastic locking rod 106 automatically engages in the corresponding locking hole of the locking column 105, locking the movable column 104 in the raised position. At this time, the driven gear is above the rack 3 109, and the two are not aligned. Therefore, when the protective cover 7 is reset, the driven gear will not be driven to rotate in the opposite direction by the rack 3 109. When the protective cover 7 is reset and moves to the initial position, the magnetic contact rod 107 moves above the magnetic block 110. The magnetic block 110 generates a downward magnetic attraction force on the magnetic contact rod 107. The magnetic attraction force is greater than the locking force of the elastic latch 106, which causes the movable column 104 to reset downward. The magnetic contact rod 107 contacts the top surface of the worktable 1, and the driven gear re-aligns with the rack 3 109, preparing for normal winding when the protective cover 7 moves to the center again.

[0025] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vertical lathe for an automated piston head production line, comprising a worktable (1), an operating table (2) rotatably mounted on the worktable (1), and a chuck (3) mounted on the operating table (2) for holding piston heads, characterized in that: The workbench (1) is provided with a support (4), and the support (4) is provided with an adjusting member (5). The adjusting member (5) is connected to a cutting tool (6) for machining the piston head. The workbench (1) is symmetrically provided with a hollow top protective cover (7) on both sides of the operating table (2). The top of both sets of protective covers (7) is provided with a top protective mechanism (9) for connecting with the cutting tool (6). The top protective mechanism (9) is used to always cover the hollow area at the top of the protective cover (7) when the cutting tool (6) adjusts its position through the adjusting member (5). The protective cover (7) is provided with an observation window (72). The protective cover (7) is provided with an observation auxiliary mechanism (10) at the position corresponding to the observation window (72). The observation auxiliary mechanism (10) is used to keep the observation window (72) clear at all times.

2. The vertical lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top protective mechanism (9) includes a U-shaped frame (91) slidably disposed on the top of the protective cover (7), a first winding roller (93) disposed on the outside of the U-shaped frame (91), a sliding seat (92) slidably disposed inside the U-shaped frame (91), two second winding rollers (95) respectively disposed on both sides of the sliding seat (92), an arc-shaped cylinder (97) fixedly inserted into the inside of the sliding seat (92) and allowing the mounting seat of the tool (6) to enter, an arc-shaped plate (98) slidably disposed inside the arc-shaped cylinder (97) and in contact with the bottom of the mounting seat, and a connecting The arc plate (98) and the arc cylinder (97) are elastic elements used to drive the arc plate (98) to return to its original position. A first baffle (94) is wound on the first winding roller (93). The first baffle (94) is connected to the top side of the protective cover (7). A second baffle (96) is wound on the second winding roller (95). The second baffle (96) is connected to one side of the U-shaped frame (91). The moving directions of the U-shaped frame (91) and the sliding seat (92) are perpendicular. A contact sensor (99) for contacting the mounting seat is embedded on the arc plate (98). The arc-shaped cylinders (97) in the two sets of top protective mechanisms (9) are fixed by magnetic adsorption components (913), which operate when the contact sensor (99) contacts the mounting base.

3. The vertical lathe according to claim 2, characterized in that, The U-shaped frame (91) is slidably mounted on the top of the protective cover (7) via the guide rail (911). The guide rail (911) has an opening one on the side facing the center of the workbench (1). One end of the roller shaft of the first winding roller (93) passes through the opening one and is fitted with a gear one. The guide rail (911) is provided with a rack one (910) that meshes with the gear one. The rack one (910), the protective cover (7), and the guide rail (911) have the same length. The U-shaped frame (91) has an opening two on the side facing the first winding roller (93). One end of the roller shaft of the second winding roller (95) passes through the opening two and is fitted with a gear two. The U-shaped frame (91) has a rack two (912) that meshes with the gear two on the side facing the first winding roller (93). The winding directions of the first (94) of the first (93) of the two sets of top protection mechanisms (9) are opposite, and the winding directions of the second (96) of the second (95) of the second (95) of the second (95) of the sliding seat (92) are opposite.

4. The vertical lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The observation auxiliary mechanism (10) includes a transparent protective film (102) disposed inside the protective cover (7) and covering the inside of the observation window (72). Both ends of the transparent protective film (102) penetrate the outer wall of the protective cover (7) and are respectively wound on the unwinding roller (101) and the winding roller (103). The unwinding roller (101) and the winding roller (103) are both disposed on the protective cover (7). A movable column (104) is movably inserted at the axis of the winding roller (103). A driven gear is fixedly sleeved at the bottom of the outer wall of the movable column (104). A rack three (109) is provided on the worktable (1) and located on the moving path of the protective cover (7). The rack three (109) is used to drive the driven gear through the movable column (104) to drive the winding roller (103) to wind up the transparent protective film (102) when the protective cover (7) moves toward the center of the worktable (1).

5. The vertical lathe according to claim 4, characterized in that, The workbench (1) is provided with a self-driving unit, which is used to drive the movable column (104) upward to a preset position when the two sets of protective covers (7) come into contact so that the driven gear is above the rack three (109), and also to drive the movable column (104) downward to reset when the protective cover (7) is reset to the initial position so that the driven gear corresponds to the rack three (109).

6. The vertical lathe according to claim 5, characterized in that, The self-driving unit includes a magnetic contact rod (107) located at the bottom of the movable column (104) and slidingly contacting the top of the worktable (1). A wedge block (108) is provided on the top of the worktable (1) and inside the rack three (109) to drive the magnetic contact rod (107) to drive the movable column (104) upward to a preset position. A magnetic block (110) is embedded on the top of the worktable (1) and outside the rack three (109) to attract the magnetic contact rod (107) so that it drives the movable column (104) to return downward. A locking column (105) is provided at the top of the movable column (104). Several sets of locking holes are opened on the outer circumference of the locking column (105). An elastic locking rod (106) is provided on the protective cover (7). The elastic locking rod (106) is used to lock into a locking hole on the outer wall of the locking column (105) after the movable column (104) moves upward to the preset position.

7. The vertical lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two sets of protective covers (7) are driven to move closer to or further away from each other by telescopic devices (8) provided on the workbench (1).

8. The vertical lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both sets of protective covers (7) have installation ports (71) for installing chip removal equipment on opposite sides.

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