A method for dressing a drum-shaped grinding wheel based on a vehicle gear cutter

Abstract

The present application belongs to gear machining technical field, and relates to a kind of based on gear cutter's inner gear ring developing grinding drum type sand wheel dressing method.The present application adopts the gear cutter-shaped diamond roller of outer tooth structure to replace the traditional inner tooth structure diamond dresser that is completely consistent with the profile of inner gear ring, and utilizes gear machining principle to carry out dressing to drum type sand wheel by engaging motion;Meanwhile, in the process of axial feed, it is accompanied by symmetrical radial dressing motion, so that the thickness of drum type sand wheel gear tooth is symmetrically thinned from middle to both ends;Since diamond roller adopts plane rake surface structure and larger relief angle, the manufacturing and detection difficulty is further reduced.In addition, the dressing method proposed by the present application only needs one rotary shaft to realize radial dressing motion, and the original spindle of machine tool can be used independently.The present application effectively solves the technical problems of great manufacturing difficulty, long cycle and high cost of diamond dresser in prior art under the premise of ensuring the developing grinding precision of inner gear ring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of gear processing technology and relates to a method for dressing a drum-shaped grinding wheel for generating internal gear rings based on a gear turning cutter. Background Technology

[0002] Internal gear rings are crucial components in gear transmissions, widely used in planetary gear drives and gear trains with few tooth differences. They are also key components in the transmission systems of new energy vehicles and the rotary joints of humanoid robots. With increasing demands for noise reduction characteristics in automotive transmissions, high-precision transmission requirements for robot joints, and fatigue-resistant manufacturing requirements for aerospace gear transmission systems, stringent requirements have been placed on the manufacturing precision of internal gears. Traditional high-precision internal gear rings are primarily machined using profile grinding, which is inefficient and creates axial grinding marks on the tooth surface, easily leading to fatigue crack propagation and inter-electrode errors in the meshing transmission.

[0003] Internal gear ring generating grinding is similar to external gear generating grinding. It employs a worm-shaped grinding wheel and the gear ring in continuous meshing motion, accompanied by axial feed, to complete the grinding of the tooth surface. This coordinated generating motion significantly improves machining efficiency, and the oblique, interlaced texture formed on the tooth surface helps suppress meshing noise. However, due to the interference of the internal gear structure, a drum-shaped worm-shaped grinding wheel combined with a precise grinding profile is necessary to ensure accurate generating of the internal gear ring tooth surface. Currently, there are two main processing techniques: one is the internal gear honing process from Prewirma in Germany, which uses a diamond roller or a single-edged diamond dresser with a structure / profile completely identical to the internal gear ring to dress the drum-shaped grinding wheel. However, this method of honing involves instantaneous line contact between the dressed grinding wheel and the gear ring surface. The small axis angle results in insufficient grinding speed when the gear ring size is small (e.g., in robot joints, aerospace actuators, etc.). Another method is the internal gear generating grinder from Nidec Corporation of Japan, which uses a diamond roller that perfectly matches the structure / profile of the internal gear ring. It dresses the drum-shaped grinding wheel based on a large axis angle, essentially performing standard worm wheel internal gear generating grinding. However, this high-precision diamond dresser that perfectly matches the profile of the internal gear ring workpiece is difficult to manufacture, costly, and time-consuming, making it difficult to respond to dynamic market demands and resulting in high manufacturing costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for dressing a drum-shaped grinding wheel in the generating grinding of internal gear rings based on a gear cutting tool, so as to solve the technical problems of high manufacturing difficulty and long cycle of diamond dressers and insufficient grinding speed when machining small-sized internal gear rings in the existing generating grinding process.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution: This invention provides a method for dressing a grinding drum-shaped grinding wheel for generating internal gear rings based on a gear cutting tool, comprising the following steps: S1: Establish a virtual gear ring based on the known parameters of the internal gear ring workpiece to be processed, determine the pitch circle radius of the cutting cutter diamond roller, and determine the installation center distance and installation shaft angle of the cutting cutter diamond roller relative to the virtual gear ring; S2: Taking the tooth surface of the internal gear ring workpiece to be processed as the processing object, construct the meshing equation between the cutting cutter diamond roller and the tooth surface of the internal gear ring workpiece based on the envelope principle, and combine the constraint condition that the rake face of the cutting cutter diamond roller is a plane to solve the cutting edge curve of the cutting cutter diamond roller. S3: The diamond roller with toothed cutting edge performs a toothed meshing motion and an axial feed motion relative to the virtual gear ring, while the drum-shaped grinding wheel performs an internal tooth generating meshing motion relative to the virtual gear ring without axial feed. During the axial feed motion, with the axial middle position of the drum-shaped grinding wheel as a reference position, the diamond roller with toothed cutting edge performs a symmetrical radial shaping motion, so that the pitch circle radius of the drum-shaped grinding wheel changes symmetrically from the middle to both ends, thus shaping the tooth surface of the drum-shaped grinding wheel. S4: The drum-shaped grinding wheel and the internal gear ring workpiece to be processed are made to perform synchronous generating meshing motion. At the same time, the drum-shaped grinding wheel is fed along the axial direction of the internal gear ring workpiece to be processed and performs synchronous differential motion to complete the generating grinding of the tooth surface of the internal gear ring workpiece to be processed.

[0006] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention employs an externally geared, toothed diamond roller to replace the traditional internally geared diamond dresser with a profile identical to the internal gear ring. Utilizing the principle of tooth turning, it dresses the drum-shaped grinding wheel through meshing motion, significantly reducing the manufacturing difficulty and cost of the diamond dresser. Simultaneously, the symmetrical radial dressing motion accompanying the axial feed process causes the drum-shaped grinding wheel teeth to thin symmetrically from the center to both ends, avoiding overcutting interference during subsequent generating grinding. The diamond roller's planar rake face structure and large clearance angle further reduce manufacturing and inspection difficulties, facilitating the achievement and control of high-precision profiles. Furthermore, the dressing method proposed in this invention requires only one rotary axis to achieve radial dressing motion. The spindle can be set independently or utilize the existing spindle of the machine tool, significantly reducing machine tool complexity and manufacturing costs, while also improving the control and accuracy of the dressing motion. Therefore, this invention effectively solves the technical problems of high manufacturing difficulty, long cycle time, and high cost of diamond dressers in the prior art, while ensuring the accuracy of internal gear ring generating grinding. Attached Figure Description

[0007] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation and movement relationship between the diamond roller, the gear ring, and the drum-shaped grinding wheel of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the dressing motion of the diamond roller on the drum-shaped grinding wheel according to the present invention.

[0008] Among them: 1. Drum-shaped grinding wheel; 2. Gear-shaped diamond roller; 3. Virtual gear ring; 4. Reference position. Detailed Implementation

[0009] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0010] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0011] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings: See Figure 1 This invention discloses a method for dressing a drum-shaped grinding wheel in the generating grinding of an internal gear ring based on a turning tool, comprising the following steps: S1: Establish a virtual gear ring 3 based on the known parameters of the internal gear ring workpiece to be machined, and determine the pitch circle radius of the cutting tool-shaped diamond roller 2. And determine the mounting center distance between the toothed diamond roller 2 and the virtual gear ring 3. Angle with mounting shaft By establishing a virtual gear ring and determining the installation center distance and installation shaft angle, an accurate installation positioning reference is provided for the cutting-tooth diamond roller, ensuring the correct spatial geometry of the dressing motion.

[0012] In this embodiment, the mounting center distance between the toothed diamond roller 2 and the virtual toothed ring 3 is... Angle with mounting shaft The coordinate system is determined based on the Cartesian coordinate system. In this system, the Z-axis of the virtual gear ring 3 coincides with its rotation axis, and the Z-axis of the cutting-tooth diamond roller 2 coincides with its rotation axis. In the initial orientation, the X-axis of each coordinate system coincides with the others and has the same direction. The Y-axis is determined by the right-hand rule. The mounting center distance between the cutting-tooth diamond roller 2 and the virtual gear ring 3 is... The closest distance between the Z-axis of the cutter-shaped diamond roller 2 and the Z-axis of the virtual gear ring 3, and the angle between the cutter-shaped diamond roller 2 and the mounting axis of the virtual gear ring 3. The angle between the Z-axis of the toothed diamond roller 2 and the Z-axis of the virtual gear ring 3 is given.

[0013] In this embodiment, the known parameters of the internal gear ring workpiece to be processed include: the number of teeth on the internal gear ring. Internal gear ring rotation direction Internal gear ring pitch circle radius Pitch circle helix angle of internal gear ring workpiece ; Wherein, the internal gear ring rotates in the direction of rotation. The value of -1 indicates left-hand rotation, 0 indicates straight teeth, and 1 indicates right-hand rotation; The settings parameters of the toothed diamond roller 2 include the number of dressing teeth. The pitch circle helix angle of the diamond roller And the rotation direction of the diamond roller Among them, the diamond roller rotates in the direction of rotation. The value can be -1, 0, or 1.

[0014] In this embodiment, the pitch circle radius of the toothed diamond roller 2 Determined by the following formula:

[0015] in, The pitch circle radius of the diamond-shaped toothed roller; The pitch circle radius of the internal gear ring; The pitch circle helix angle of the internal gear ring workpiece; To adjust the number of teeth; This represents the number of teeth on the internal gear ring. The pitch circle helix angle of the diamond roller; The mounting center distance between the toothed diamond roller 2 and the virtual gear ring 3 Angle with mounting shaft Determined by the following formula:

[0016] in, The mounting center distance between the toothed diamond roller 2 and the virtual toothed ring 3; The angle between the mounting shaft of the cutting-tooth diamond roller 2 and the virtual gear ring 3; The direction of rotation of the internal gear ring; The direction of rotation of the diamond roller.

[0017] S2: Taking the tooth surface of the internal gear ring workpiece to be processed as the processing object, the meshing equation between the cutting cutter-shaped diamond roller 2 and the tooth surface of the internal gear ring workpiece is constructed based on the envelope principle. Combined with the constraint condition that the rake face of the cutting cutter-shaped diamond roller 2 is a plane, the cutting edge profile curve of the cutting cutter-shaped diamond roller 2 is solved. This invention solves the cutting edge profile curve based on the envelope principle combined with the plane rake face constraint, ensuring that the cutting edge design of the diamond roller is precisely conjugate with the tooth surface of the internal gear ring to be processed, guaranteeing that the dressed grinding wheel tooth surface can accurately develop into the target tooth profile; at the same time, the plane rake face structure significantly reduces the difficulty of manufacturing and inspection.

[0018] In this embodiment, the constraint condition that the front cutting face of the toothed diamond roller 2 is a plane is that the front angle is 0°; and the back angle of the tooth of the toothed diamond roller 2 is 5°~20°.

[0019] S3: The diamond roller 2 with its cutting edge is subjected to a cutting and axial feed motion relative to the virtual gear ring 3, while the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 is subjected to an internal tooth generating and meshing motion relative to the virtual gear ring 3 without axial feed. During the axial feed motion, with the axial center position 4 of the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 as a reference position, the diamond roller 2 with its cutting edge is controlled to perform a symmetrical radial shaping motion, so that the pitch circle radius of the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 changes symmetrically from the center to both ends, thus shaping the tooth surface of the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3 The dotted line indicated by the label 's' represents the axial path. This invention uses a toothed diamond roller to dress a drum-shaped grinding wheel through meshing motion. Compared to rollers with internal tooth structures, the manufacturing difficulty and cost of the external tooth structure are significantly reduced. During the axial feed process, there is a symmetrical radial dressing motion, which makes the grinding wheel teeth symmetrically thin from the middle to both ends, effectively avoiding overcutting interference in the subsequent generating grinding process.

[0020] In this embodiment, the process of causing the toothed diamond roller 2 to perform tooth meshing motion and axial feed motion relative to the virtual gear ring 3 is as follows: The toothed diamond roller 2 performs roller rotation. At that time, the virtual gear ring 3 performs the corrected virtual gear ring rotation angle. and synchronous axial feed ; The corrected virtual gear rotation angle is: ,in, For virtual gear ring rotation angle, Differential steering angle; The roller rotation angle With the virtual gear ring rotation angle The relationship is:

[0021] The axial feed With differential angle Satisfying the relation:

[0022] in, For the roller rotation angle; To adjust the number of teeth; This represents the number of teeth on the internal gear ring. This refers to axial displacement; The pitch circle helix angle of the internal gear ring workpiece; The direction of rotation of the internal gear ring; The pitch circle radius of the internal gear ring.

[0023] In this embodiment, the step of causing the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 to perform an axial-free internal gear generating meshing motion relative to the virtual gear ring 3 specifically involves: The rotation angle of the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 The corrected virtual gear ring rotation angle is The relationship satisfies:

[0024] in, The number of teeth on drum-shaped grinding wheel 1; The angle of rotation of the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1.

[0025] In this embodiment, the symmetrical radial shaping motion specifically refers to: Using the axial center position 4 of the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 as a reference position, the radial dressing amount at this reference position is controlled to be 0 mm; When the toothed diamond roller 2 moves from the axial middle position 4 to both ends, the radial feed of the toothed diamond roller 2 relative to the virtual tooth ring 3 is controlled so that the pitch circle radius of the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 decreases symmetrically from the middle to both ends. The symmetrical radial shaping motion adopts any one of the following modes: linear mode, quadratic polynomial parabolic mode, or cubic polynomial mode.

[0026] S4: The drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 and the internal gear ring workpiece to be processed perform synchronous generating and meshing motions. Simultaneously, the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 feeds along the axial direction of the internal gear ring workpiece and performs synchronous differential motion, completing the generating grinding of the tooth surface of the internal gear ring workpiece. The dressed drum-shaped grinding wheel and the internal gear ring workpiece perform synchronous generating and meshing motions accompanied by axial feed and differential motion, forming oblique interlaced textures on the tooth surface, which helps suppress meshing noise and improve tooth surface fatigue life.

[0027] In this embodiment, the generating meshing motion of the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 and the internal gear ring workpiece to be processed is a two-parameter envelope motion. That is, the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 and the internal gear ring workpiece to be processed perform synchronous rotational motion according to a constant transmission ratio. At the same time, the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 performs continuous feed motion along the axial direction of the internal gear ring workpiece to be processed, and during the axial feed process, the internal gear ring workpiece to be processed synchronously adds differential rotational motion to compensate for the meshing phase change caused by the helix angle of the tooth surface.

[0028] In this embodiment, as the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 becomes dull during use, it is periodically dressed using the toothed diamond roller 2. The angle between the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 and the second mounting axis of the virtual gear ring 3 is adjusted according to the reduction in the pitch circle radius of the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 during the next dressing. Make dynamic adjustments; During dressing, the angle between the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 and the mounting axis of the virtual gear ring 3 is... and installation center distance The adjustments are as follows:

[0029] in, The angle between the mounting shaft of the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 and the virtual gear ring 3; The installation center distance between the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 and the virtual gear ring 3; The value represents the rotation direction of the drum-shaped grinding wheel. -1 indicates left-hand rotation, 0 indicates straight teeth, and 1 indicates right-hand rotation. The initial pitch circle radius of the drum-shaped grinding wheel; This represents the reduction in the pitch circle radius of the drum-shaped grinding wheel.

[0030] This invention employs an externally geared, toothed diamond roller to replace the traditional internally geared diamond dresser with a profile identical to the internal gear ring. Utilizing the principle of tooth turning, it dresses the drum-shaped grinding wheel through meshing motion, significantly reducing the manufacturing difficulty, cycle time, and cost of the diamond dresser. By accompanying symmetrical radial dressing motion during axial feed, the grinding wheel teeth are symmetrically thinned from the center to both ends, avoiding overcutting interference during subsequent generating grinding. Furthermore, the dressing motion requires only one rotary axis, greatly reducing machine tool complexity and facilitating the control and improvement of dressing motion accuracy. Therefore, this invention effectively solves the technical problems of high manufacturing difficulty, long cycle time, high cost, and insufficient grinding speed in the machining of small-sized internal gear rings in existing technologies, while ensuring the accuracy of internal gear ring generating grinding.

[0031] Example 2: The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for correcting the use of a toothed diamond roller with a drum-shaped grinding wheel in the generating grinding of internal gear rings, so as to solve the problems of difficult dressing of drum-shaped grinding wheels used in the generating grinding of internal gear rings, high manufacturing cost and long manufacturing cycle of special internal gear diamond rollers, and complex machine tool structure.

[0032] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: For the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 used in the generating grinding of the internal gear ring workpiece, a cutting tool-shaped diamond roller 2 is used for meshing and dressing similar to gear turning, with radial dressing motion accompanying the axial feed. In this process, the tooth surface of the internal gear ring workpiece is regarded as a virtual gear ring 3, and the cutting tool-shaped diamond roller 2 meshes with the virtual gear ring 3 in the manner of external gear turning. At the same time, the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 and the virtual gear ring 3 mesh synchronously in the manner of internal gear generating grinding. It is necessary to ensure the meshing pitch circle relationship between the three. In this meshing dressing process, the cutting-edge diamond roller 2 feeds along the axial direction of the virtual gear ring 3 to dress the complete surface of the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1. To ensure no overcutting interference during the meshing and generating process between the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 and the internal gear ring, the axial midpoint 4 of the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 (the section where the maximum pitch circle radius is located) is used as a reference position. At this position, the radial feed dressing amount is equal to 0 mm, and a symmetrical radial feed path is used for dressing. Linear, quadratic polynomial (parabolic), and cubic polynomial modes can be adopted to ensure that there is no overcutting interference between the teeth of the drum-shaped grinding wheel and the tooth surface of the virtual gear ring. Here, the cutting edge curve of the cutting-edge diamond roller 2 is designed and calculated according to the envelope principle based on the meshing method with the tooth surface of the internal gear ring workpiece. In addition, to simplify the design and fabrication of the cutting-edge diamond roller 2, the rake face of the cutting-edge diamond roller 2 is a plane, i.e., a 0° rake angle. Meanwhile, in order to ensure that the radial feed of the cutting tool-shaped diamond roller 2 does not interfere with the dressing process of the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1, it is recommended that the teeth of the cutting tool-shaped diamond roller 2 adopt a larger back angle, such as greater than 10°.

[0033] This invention discloses a method for dressing an internal gear ring generating grinding drum based on a gear cutting tool, comprising the following steps: To provide a complete description of internal gear generating and grinding wheel dressing, this section offers a comprehensive overview from the perspectives of the basic machining model, tool profile calculation, grinding wheel dressing motion, and the final grinding motion. Here, the internal gear ring workpiece is taken as the machining target, and its internal gear ring teeth number... Internal gear ring rotation direction , guide Internal gear ring pitch circle radius pitch circle helix angle And the tooth surface equation S g (u,v) are known parameters. The number of dressing teeth on the cutting-tooth diamond roller 2 is further set. pitch circle helix angle And the rotation direction of the diamond roller The number of teeth on the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 is Z. w The initial pitch circle radius R of the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 w .

[0034] S1, Grinding wheel dressing installation model based on workpiece gear ring; Based on the given pitch circle parameters of the gear ring, the pitch circle radius of the cutting cutter-shaped diamond roller can be determined according to the meshing relationship. as follows:

[0035] Therefore, the installation center distance of the cutting tool diamond roller 2 when dressing the drum grinding wheel 1 is determined relative to the virtual workpiece gear ring coordinate system. Angle with mounting shaft for:

[0036] The coordinate system is a Cartesian coordinate system. The Z-axis of the coordinate system of the virtual gear ring 3 coincides with its rotation axis, and the Z-axis of the coordinate system of the cutting-tooth diamond roller 2 coincides with its rotation axis. In the initial posture, the X-axis of each coordinate system coincides with the others and has the same direction. The Y-axis is determined by the right-hand rule. The installation center distance... This is the shortest distance between the Z-axis of the two coordinate systems, i.e., the distance between the origins.

[0037] S2, calculation of the cutting edge of the diamond roller with toothed blade; Based on the center distance of the meshing installation of the gear cutter and the workpiece gear ring Angle with mounting shaft By treating the gear ring as an external gear and considering its tooth surface as the object, the meshing equation between the cutting tool-shaped diamond roller 2 and the tooth surface of the internal gear ring workpiece is constructed based on the envelope principle. Further, by combining the constraint condition that the rake face is a plane, the cutting edge curve of the cutting tool teeth can be solved. This is a general technique for cutting tool design and will not be detailed here.

[0038] S3, the dressing motion of the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1; The dressing motion of the cutting-edge diamond roller 2 on the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 consists of two parts: one is the meshing motion of the cutting-edge diamond roller 2 relative to the virtual gear ring 3 and the meshing motion of the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 relative to the virtual gear ring 3; the other is the radially symmetrical dressing motion of the cutting-edge diamond roller 2 relative to the virtual gear ring during the axial feed process.

[0039] The motion of the cutting-tooth diamond roller 2 relative to the virtual gear ring 3 includes meshing rotation and axial feed. Specifically, the roller angle of the cutting-tooth diamond roller during the meshing motion... With virtual gear ring rotation angle The relationship is: When the diamond roller 2, shaped like a cutting tool, feeds axially relative to the virtual gear ring 3, the virtual gear ring 3 undergoes axial displacement relative to the diamond roller. and differential angle The helical structure of the gear tooth groove is determined as follows: In summary, the motion of the diamond roller 2 relative to the virtual gear ring 3 is a combination of two motions, namely, the diamond roller performs rotation. At that time, the corrected virtual gear ring rotation angle is and synchronous axial feed .

[0040] The movement of the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 relative to the virtual gear ring 3 is solely the meshing motion between the two, with no axial feed. The drum-shaped grinding wheel rotation angle... The corrected virtual gear ring rotation angle is The relationship is: .

[0041] The motion of the aforementioned drum-shaped grinding wheel 1, virtual gear ring 3, and cutting-edge diamond roller 2 is a standard motion pattern. Based on Kams' theorem, the motion surface formed by the cutting-edge diamond roller 2 is conjugate to the tooth surface of the drum-shaped grinding wheel. However, this surface conjugation does not guarantee instantaneous line contact. This may result in the formed drum-shaped grinding wheel tooth surface being wider than the conjugate formed by the virtual gear ring 3, leading to spatial interference during the generating motion and hindering accurate tooth surface shaping. Therefore, during the dressing process of the cutting-edge diamond roller 2, the center position of the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 (i.e., the center position of the virtual gear ring 3) is used as a reference position, ensuring no radial dressing at that point. Instead, symmetrical radial dressing is performed when moving towards both ends (i.e., reducing the center distance between the diamond roller and the virtual gear ring 3). Specifically, linear, quadratic parabolic, or cubic polynomial methods can be used. This achieves the reduction of the thickness of the grinding wheel teeth from the middle to both ends, in order to avoid interference of the generating motion between the drum-shaped grinding wheel teeth and the surface of the gear ring.

[0042] S4, internal gear ring generating grinding; The drum-shaped grinding wheel obtained based on the above correction method has a conjugate relationship with the surface of the gear ring through instantaneous point contact. In order to achieve complete grinding of the surface of the internal gear ring, the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 and the internal gear ring need to perform a standard two-parameter envelope motion consistent with general gear hobbing, that is, the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 and the internal gear ring perform synchronous meshing motion, while the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 feeds along the gear ring axis and performs synchronous differential motion.

[0043] S5, Grinding wheel dressing control: As the grinding wheel becomes dull with use, it needs to be periodically dressed and sharpened using a diamond grinding wheel 2 (tooth-cutting tool). To maintain accurate generating meshing between the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 and the gear ring surface after dressing, the amount of reduction in the grinding wheel's pitch circle radius must be considered. Synchronous control of its mounting shaft angle relative to the virtual gear ring 3 The specific details are as follows:

[0044] Example 3: Following the above technical solutions, such as Figures 1 to 2 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a method for dressing a gear-shaped grinding drum based on a gear-turning cutter, which is used for the design, installation and dressing of a gear-turning cutter-shaped diamond roller 2.

[0045] This invention provides a method for dressing a drum-shaped grinding wheel in the generating grinding of an internal gear ring based on a turning cutter, including an installation model, design principles, dressing machining motion, and control of dressing installation parameters; S1, Mounting Model: The mounting of the toothed diamond roller 2 relative to the gear ring is determined by the mounting center distance. Angle Σ between the axes dDetermined. These two parameters are determined based on the structural parameters of the gear ring and the diamond roller as follows:

[0046] Among them, R gp It is the pitch circle radius of the workpiece, β gp It is the pitch circle helix angle of the workpiece, k g It indicates the direction of rotation of the workpiece (-1, 0, and 1 represent left-hand, spur, and right-hand rotations, respectively); R dp It is the pitch circle radius of the diamond roller, β dp It is the pitch circle helix angle of the diamond roller, k d This refers to the direction of rotation of the diamond roller (-1, 0, and 1 represent left-hand, straight-tooth, and right-hand rotation, respectively); here, the pitch circle radius R of the diamond roller... dp Due to the pitch circle helix angle β dp The following is confirmed:

[0047] S2, Design Principle of the Gear-Cutting Cutter-Shaped Diamond Roller: The gear-cutter-shaped diamond roller 2 adopts the standard gear-cutting cutter cutting edge design calculation method. Here, the rake face of the gear-cutting cutter is set to a plane, i.e., a 0° rake angle, to facilitate high-precision manufacturing and inspection. During the design process, the target internal gear ring is regarded as an external gear with the tooth surface as the machining object, according to the agreed installation center distance E. d Angle Σ between the axes d As parameters for the installation model, the envelope equation is constructed and solved, and the specific solution can be found by referring to the standard tooth cutting tool design theory.

[0048] S3, Dressing motion of the cutting-edge diamond roller: In the dressing process, the cutting-edge diamond roller 2 and the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 mesh with each other via a virtual gear ring 3, with simultaneous axial feed accompanied by radial dressing motion. Specifically, the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 and the virtual gear ring 3 perform a simple meshing rotational motion, with the axial direction fixed and no feed. The specific drum-shaped grinding wheel rotation angle φ w and virtual gear ring rotation angle φ g +δφ g The relationship is φ w / (φ g +δφ g ) = Z g / Z w The diamond roller 2, shaped like a cutting tool, and the virtual gear ring 3 perform a two-degree-of-freedom external meshing gear machining motion, that is, the diamond roller performs a rotation angle φ. d At that time, the virtual gear ring performs a rotation angle φ g +δφ g and synchronous axial feed f g Among them is the diamond roller rotation angle φ. d With virtual gear ring rotation angle φ g The relationship is φ d / φ g = –Z g / Z d axial displacement f of virtual gear ring 3 g and differential angle δφ g The relation is f g ·tan(β gp )= k g ·δφ g ·R gp During the axial feed motion of the gear cutter, taking the middle position of the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 as a reference, the radial dressing amount at that point is set to 0, and radial dressing is performed towards both ends. Common tooth-direction dressing methods such as linear, quadratic parabolic, and cubic polynomial methods can be used. Based on the above motion relationship, the drum-shaped grinding wheel rotates by an angle φ. w Diamond roller makes the turning angle φ d and axial feed f g It then follows the radial dressing motion, thereby achieving the dressing of the teeth of the drum-shaped grinding wheel.

[0049] S4, Adjustment and control of installation parameters for dressing the toothed diamond roller: As the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 wears, it is periodically dressed. This is because the pitch circle radius of the drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 decreases from the initial Rw to (R... w -dR w To ensure that its pitch circle meshing relationship remains unchanged, the angle between its relative mounting shaft and the virtual gear ring 3 during dressing is adjusted. and installation center distance The adjustments are as follows:

[0050] S5, Dressing of the internal gear ring with a drum grinding wheel: After dressing with a drum grinding wheel, it maintains its mounting center distance relative to the virtual gear ring. Angle with axis Both are machined according to the standard two-parameter envelope motion, which is similar to the meshing and axial feed of gear hobbing.

[0051] This invention uses a toothed diamond roller 2 to dress a drum-shaped grinding wheel 1 through meshing motion, avoiding the need for traditional dressing to prepare an internal tooth structure diamond roller that is completely consistent with the geometric profile of the workpiece. This significantly reduces the manufacturing difficulty and cycle time, and has significant economic advantages. The design of the diamond roller 2 with toothed cutting tool proposed in this invention adopts the standard toothed cutting tool design principle, which is easy to implement and can be applied to a variety of profiles, not limited to involute tooth shape; The toothed diamond roller 2 proposed in this invention adopts a planar front face structure, which greatly reduces the difficulty of manufacturing and testing, and is conducive to the realization and control of high-precision profile; The gear turning method proposed in this invention, combined with the radial dressing grinding wheel dressing method, only requires one rotary axis. It can be an independent spindle or use the workpiece spindle, avoiding the method of requiring three motion axes, similar to the virtual rotation center distance. This not only greatly reduces the complexity of the machine tool and the manufacturing cost, but also helps to control and improve the dressing motion accuracy. The gear turning method proposed in this invention, combined with the radial dressing grinding wheel dressing method, requires no additional grinding motion and can be fully realized using traditional gear turning / hobbing machines, thus possessing the flexibility for rapid technological upgrades and market competitiveness. The diamond roller 2 with toothed blades proposed in this invention has an external tooth structure. Compared with rollers with internal tooth structures, it has a smaller structural volume, which makes it easier to achieve high rigidity installation, and it is easier to ensure the rotational accuracy and runout of mechanical devices, thus ensuring the accuracy of dressing and grinding processes.

[0052] The above content is only for illustrating the technical concept of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications made to the technical solution based on the technical concept proposed in this invention shall fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for dressing a grinding drum-shaped grinding wheel in the generating grinding of an internal gear ring based on a gear cutting cutter, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Establish a virtual gear ring (3) based on the known parameters of the internal gear ring workpiece to be processed, determine the pitch circle radius of the cutting cutter diamond roller (2), and determine the installation center distance and installation shaft angle of the cutting cutter diamond roller (2) relative to the virtual gear ring (3); S2: Taking the tooth surface of the internal gear ring workpiece to be processed as the processing object, the meshing equation between the cutting knife-shaped diamond roller (2) and the tooth surface of the internal gear ring workpiece to be processed is constructed based on the envelope principle. Combined with the constraint condition that the front cutting face of the cutting knife-shaped diamond roller (2) is a plane, the cutting tooth profile curve of the cutting knife-shaped diamond roller (2) is solved. S3: The diamond roller (2) with toothed cutting edge performs a toothed meshing motion and an axial feed motion relative to the virtual gear ring (3), while the drum-shaped grinding wheel (1) performs an internal tooth generating meshing motion without axial feed relative to the virtual gear ring (3); during the axial feed motion, the diamond roller (2) with toothed cutting edge performs a symmetrical radial shaping motion with the axial middle position (4) of the drum-shaped grinding wheel (1) as a reference position, so that the pitch circle radius of the drum-shaped grinding wheel (1) changes symmetrically from the middle to both ends, and the tooth surface of the drum-shaped grinding wheel (1) is shaped. S4: The drum-shaped grinding wheel (1) and the workpiece to be processed internal gear ring make synchronous generating meshing motion, while the drum-shaped grinding wheel (1) feeds along the axial direction of the workpiece to be processed internal gear ring and makes synchronous differential motion to complete the generating grinding of the tooth surface of the workpiece to be processed internal gear ring.

2. The method for dressing a grinding drum-shaped grinding wheel based on a gear cutting cutter for generating internal gear rings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The installation center distance and installation axis angle of the diamond roller (2) relative to the virtual gear ring (3) are determined based on the Cartesian coordinate system. In the Cartesian coordinate system, the Z-axis of the virtual gear ring (3) coincides with its rotation axis, and the Z-axis of the diamond roller (2) coincides with its rotation axis. In the initial posture, the X-axis of each coordinate system coincides with each other and the direction is consistent. The Y-axis is determined by the right-hand rule. The installation center distance of the diamond roller (2) relative to the virtual gear ring (3) is the shortest distance between the Z-axis of the diamond roller (2) and the Z-axis of the virtual gear ring (3). The installation axis angle of the diamond roller (2) relative to the virtual gear ring (3) is the angle between the Z-axis of the diamond roller (2) and the Z-axis of the virtual gear ring (3).

3. The method for dressing a grinding drum-shaped grinding wheel based on a gear-turning cutter for generating internal gear rings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The constraint condition that the front face of the diamond roller (2) is a plane is that the front angle is 0°; and the back angle of the tooth of the diamond roller (2) is 5°~20°.

4. The method for dressing a grinding drum-shaped grinding wheel based on a gear-turning cutter for generating internal gear rings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The known parameters of the internal gear ring workpiece to be processed include: the number of teeth of the internal gear ring, the direction of rotation of the internal gear ring, the pitch circle radius of the internal gear ring, and the pitch circle helix angle of the internal gear ring workpiece. The internal gear ring has a rotation direction of -1 for left-hand rotation, 0 for straight gear, and 1 for right-hand rotation. The setting parameters of the diamond roller (2) include the number of dressing teeth, the pitch circle helix angle of the diamond roller and the direction of rotation of the diamond roller, wherein the direction of rotation of the diamond roller is -1, 0 or 1.

5. The method for dressing a grinding drum-shaped grinding wheel based on a turning cutter for generating internal gear rings according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pitch circle radius of the toothed diamond roller (2) is determined by the following formula: in, The pitch circle radius of the diamond-shaped toothed roller; The pitch circle radius of the internal gear ring; The pitch circle helix angle of the internal gear ring workpiece; To adjust the number of teeth; This represents the number of teeth on the internal gear ring. The pitch circle helix angle of the diamond roller; The mounting center distance and mounting shaft angle of the toothed diamond roller (2) relative to the virtual gear ring (3) are determined by the following formula: in, The mounting center distance between the cutting-tooth diamond roller (2) and the virtual gear ring (3); The angle between the mounting shaft of the cutting-tooth diamond roller (2) and the virtual gear ring (3); The direction of rotation of the internal gear ring; The direction of rotation of the diamond roller.

6. The method for dressing a grinding drum-shaped grinding wheel based on a gear cutting cutter for generating internal gear rings according to claim 5, characterized in that: The process of causing the cutting-tooth diamond roller (2) to perform meshing motion and axial feed motion relative to the virtual gear ring (3) is as follows: When the diamond roller (2) with toothed blades performs roller rotation, the virtual gear ring (3) performs the corrected virtual gear ring rotation and synchronous axial feed; The corrected virtual gear rotation angle is: ,in, For virtual gear ring rotation angle, Differential steering angle; The relationship between the roller rotation angle and the virtual gear rotation angle is as follows: The axial feed and the differential rotation angle satisfy the following relationship: in, For the roller rotation angle; To adjust the number of teeth; This represents the number of teeth on the internal gear ring. This refers to axial displacement; The pitch circle helix angle of the internal gear ring workpiece; The direction of rotation of the internal gear ring; The pitch circle radius of the internal gear ring is given.

7. The method for dressing a grinding drum-shaped grinding wheel based on a turning cutter for generating internal gear rings according to claim 6, characterized in that: The process of causing the drum-shaped grinding wheel (1) to perform an internal gear generating and meshing motion relative to the virtual gear ring (3) without axial feed is specifically as follows: The relationship between the rotation angle of the drum-shaped grinding wheel (1) and the rotation angle of the modified virtual gear ring satisfies: in, The number of teeth of the drum-shaped grinding wheel (1); The angle of rotation of the drum-shaped grinding wheel (1).

8. The method for dressing a grinding drum-shaped grinding wheel based on a gear-turning cutter for generating internal gear rings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The symmetrical radial shaping motion specifically refers to: Using the axial midpoint (4) of the drum-shaped grinding wheel (1) as a reference position, the radial dressing amount at this reference position is controlled to be 0 mm; When the toothed diamond roller (2) moves from the middle position (4) in the axial direction to both ends, the radial feed of the toothed diamond roller (2) relative to the virtual tooth ring (3) is controlled so that the pitch circle radius of the drum-shaped grinding wheel (1) decreases symmetrically from the middle to both ends. The symmetrical radial shaping motion adopts any one of the following modes: linear mode, quadratic polynomial parabolic mode, or cubic polynomial mode.

9. The method for dressing a grinding drum-shaped grinding wheel based on a gear-turning cutter for generating internal gear rings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The generating meshing motion of the drum-shaped grinding wheel (1) and the workpiece to be processed is a two-parameter envelope motion, that is, the drum-shaped grinding wheel (1) and the workpiece to be processed rotate synchronously according to a fixed transmission ratio. At the same time, the drum-shaped grinding wheel (1) makes a continuous feed motion along the axial direction of the workpiece to be processed, and during the axial feed process, the workpiece to be processed synchronously adds differential rotation motion to compensate for the meshing phase change caused by the helix angle of the tooth surface.

10. The method for dressing a drum-shaped grinding wheel for generating internal gear rings based on a gear cutting tool according to claim 7, characterized in that, As the drum-shaped grinding wheel (1) becomes dull during use, it is periodically dressed using the cutting-tooth diamond roller (2), and the second mounting angle of the drum-shaped grinding wheel (1) relative to the virtual gear ring (3) is adjusted according to the reduction in the pitch circle radius of the drum-shaped grinding wheel (1) during the next dressing. Make dynamic adjustments; During dressing, the angle between the mounting shaft of the drum-shaped grinding wheel (1) and the mounting center distance of the virtual gear ring (3) are adjusted as follows: in, The angle between the mounting shaft of the drum-shaped grinding wheel (1) and the virtual gear ring (3); The installation center distance between the drum-shaped grinding wheel (1) and the virtual gear ring (3); The value represents the rotation direction of the drum-shaped grinding wheel. -1 indicates left-hand rotation, 0 indicates straight teeth, and 1 indicates right-hand rotation. The initial pitch circle radius of the drum-shaped grinding wheel; This represents the reduction in the pitch circle radius of the drum-shaped grinding wheel.

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