A coupler buffer dismounting device and a coupler buffer mounting method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of railway vehicle maintenance tools, and particularly discloses a dismounting device for a coupler buffer and a mounting method of the coupler buffer. The dismounting device for the coupler buffer comprises a force applying mechanism, a maintaining mechanism and a lifting mechanism. The force applying mechanism is detachably connected with a tail frame. The force applying mechanism comprises a driving piece and a pressing block. The fixed end of the driving piece can be fixed relative to the tail frame. The moving end of the driving piece is provided with the pressing block and drives the pressing block to move in the front-back direction. The pressing block is used for extruding the buffer main body in the front-back direction, so that the rubber body is in a compressed state. The maintaining mechanism is detachably connected with the buffer main body and is used for keeping the compressed state of the rubber body. The lifting mechanism is detachably connected with the coupler buffer and is used for moving the coupler buffer in the vertical direction. In this way, the coupler buffer and the carriage can be assembled conveniently.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of railway vehicle maintenance tools, and in particular to a disassembly and assembly device for coupler buffers and a method for installing coupler buffers. Background Technology

[0002] The coupler buffer device is a core component that connects train carriages, transmits traction force, and buffers impacts.

[0003] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in the carriage, one end of the traction beam forms a buffer mounting cavity. The buffer mounting cavity is vertically oriented and has an opening at the bottom of the carriage. The coupler buffer is installed in the buffer mounting cavity. An clearance opening is provided on the end plate in the front-to-back direction to facilitate the coupler and buffer extending out of the end plate. The clearance opening is U-shaped and includes a bottom frame. Two auxiliary plate seats are provided, symmetrically arranged in the left-right direction. The auxiliary plate seats are installed on the inner wall of the buffer mounting cavity, and guide grooves are provided on the auxiliary plate seats. One end of the guide groove communicates with the bottom opening of the buffer mounting cavity, allowing the buffer body in the coupler buffer to expand and tighten within the guide groove for a buffering effect.

[0004] like Figure 3 As shown, the coupler buffer includes a tail frame and a buffer body. The tail frame includes a mounting cavity, within which a front axle plate, a rubber component, and a rear axle plate are placed. These components are arranged sequentially along the front-to-back direction. The rubber component connects the front and rear axle plates and is capable of elastic deformation. The ends of both the front and rear axle plates extend beyond the tail frame. The elastic component ensures that the front and rear axle plates always tend to move away from each other. When the elastic component is relaxed, the front axle plate abuts against the front sidewall of the mounting cavity, and the rear axle plate abuts against the rear sidewall. At this time, the distance between the front and rear axle plates is L2, satisfying L2≥L1, where L1 is the width of the guide groove. The maximum compressive force of the rubber component can reach between 50 and 100 tons. After installation, the compressive force must be unloaded to allow the buffer body to be in a naturally expanded state, meaning the elasticity of the rubber component can be naturally released and confined between the front and rear axle plate seats in the traction beam.

[0005] In existing assembly methods, a tool is used to apply force to the buffer body from the connection end between the tail frame and the coupler, causing the front abutment plate, rubber parts, rear abutment plate, and rear sidewall of the mounting cavity to abut in sequence. That is, the buffer body is sandwiched between the tool and the rear sidewall of the mounting cavity. At this time, although the buffer body is in a compressed state, the buffer body and the tail frame remain relatively fixed. When the tail frame avoids the bottom edge of the clearance opening of the end plate, the tail frame needs to be tilted to shorten the size of the coupler buffer in the front-rear direction. This causes the tail frame and the buffer body to deflect in directions other than front-rear, which aggravates the wear between the tail frame and the buffer body and increases the assembly gap between them in directions other than front-rear. All of these affect the reliability of the assembly and the safety of use.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a disassembly and assembly device for coupler buffers and an installation method for coupler buffers to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a disassembly and assembly device for a coupler buffer and an installation method for the coupler buffer, so as to solve the problem that the buffer body is difficult to compress and release, while ensuring that the tail frame and the buffer body always move relative to each other in the front-rear direction, thereby reducing wear between the two.

[0008] On one hand, the present invention provides a disassembly and assembly device for a coupler buffer. The coupler buffer includes a tail frame and a buffer body installed within the tail frame. The buffer body includes a front axle plate, a rubber body, and a rear axle plate connected sequentially in a front-rear direction. The disassembly and assembly device for the coupler buffer includes: The force-applying mechanism is detachably connected to the tail frame. The force-applying mechanism includes a driving member and a pressure block. The fixed end of the driving member can be fixed relative to the tail frame. The moving end of the driving member is equipped with the pressure block and drives the pressure block to move along the front-back direction. The pressure block is used to squeeze the buffer body along the front-back direction, so that the rubber body is in a compressed state. The maintaining mechanism is detachably connected to the buffer body. The maintaining mechanism includes a first limiting part, a second limiting part, and a connecting part for connecting the two. The front slave plate and the rear slave plate are at least partially sandwiched between the first limiting part and the second limiting part to maintain the compressed state of the rubber body. The lifting mechanism is detachably connected to the aforementioned coupler buffer and is used to move the aforementioned coupler buffer in the vertical direction.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned coupler buffer disassembly and assembly device, the aforementioned force-applying mechanism further includes: The base, on which the fixed end of the aforementioned driving component is mounted; A fixing plate is fixedly connected to the base. Two fixing plates are provided. The pressure block is located between the two fixing plates. The fixing plates are fixed to the tail frame by pins. The pins pass through the two fixing plates and the opposite side walls of the tail frame. The axis of the pins is perpendicular to the front-back direction.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned coupler buffer disassembly and assembly device, the pin is located on the path of the pressure block moving in the front-rear direction; a U-shaped groove is formed on the side of the pressure block facing the pin, and the pin can be inserted into the U-shaped groove in the front-rear direction.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned coupler buffer disassembly and assembly device, the driving component is a hydraulic cylinder, with the cylinder body serving as the fixed end and the cylinder rod serving as the moving end to drive the pressure block.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned coupler buffer disassembly and assembly device, the force application mechanism further includes a support member, one of the cylinder rod and the fixed plate is mounted on the support member, and the other of the cylinder rod and the fixed plate is slidably connected to the support member.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned coupler buffer disassembly and assembly device, the front slave plate is provided with first insertion holes at both ends in the left and right directions; the rear slave plate is provided with second insertion holes at both ends in the left and right directions, the first limiting part is at least partially inserted into the first insertion hole, and the second limiting part is at least partially inserted into the second insertion hole.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned coupler buffer disassembly and assembly device, the first limiting part and / or the second limiting part are detachably connected to the connecting part, and the connecting part is provided with a plurality of mounting positions along the front-rear direction, and the first limiting part and / or the second limiting part can be selectively installed at the mounting position.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned coupler buffer disassembly and assembly device, the above-mentioned maintaining mechanism further includes a locking nut, the above-mentioned connecting part is a lead screw, the above-mentioned first limiting part and / or the above-mentioned second limiting part is sleeved on the above-mentioned connecting part and can move relative to each other in the above-mentioned front-back direction, the above-mentioned locking nut is threadedly connected to the above-mentioned lead screw, and the above-mentioned locking nut is used to lock the relative position of the above-mentioned first limiting part and the above-mentioned second limiting part in the above-mentioned front-back direction.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned coupler buffer disassembly and assembly device, the above-mentioned holding mechanism further includes a handle, which is installed on the above-mentioned connecting part and is located on the side of the above-mentioned connecting part opposite to the buffer body.

[0017] A method for installing a coupler buffer is also provided, applicable to the aforementioned coupler buffer disassembly and assembly device, for installing the coupler buffer onto a car body. The car body includes a traction beam, a base plate, an end plate, and a support plate. One end of the traction beam forms a buffer mounting cavity. Two base plates are provided, respectively installed on the left and right side walls of the buffer mounting cavity. The end plate is installed on one side of the traction beam in the front-rear direction. The end plate has a U-shaped clearance opening that communicates with the buffer mounting cavity. The method for installing the coupler buffer includes: S1. The force-applying mechanism is installed on the coupler buffer. The force-applying mechanism is activated to squeeze the buffer body, so that the rubber body is in the compressed state. S2. Install the above-mentioned maintaining mechanism on the above-mentioned buffer body so that the above-mentioned rubber body is maintained in the above-mentioned compressed state; S3. Remove the above-mentioned force-applying mechanism from the above-mentioned coupler buffer; S4. Install the above-mentioned coupler buffer on the above-mentioned lifting mechanism, align the buffer body with the guide groove of the plate seat and insert it into the guide groove in the above-mentioned vertical direction; S5. Move the tail frame relative to the buffer body in the aforementioned front-back direction, so that the projection of the tail frame in the aforementioned vertical direction is completely located within the buffer mounting cavity. S6. The above-mentioned lifting mechanism is activated, causing the above-mentioned coupler buffer portion to enter the above-mentioned buffer mounting cavity; S7. When the rear frame is located within the clearance opening in the aforementioned front-rear projection direction, the lifting mechanism is in standby mode, the force application mechanism is installed on the coupler buffer, and then the holding mechanism and the buffer body are removed. S8. The above-mentioned lifting mechanism is activated, so that the above-mentioned coupler buffer is completely inserted into the above-mentioned buffer mounting cavity; S9. The aforementioned force-applying mechanism causes the aforementioned rubber body to slowly recover its deformation, and then the aforementioned force-applying mechanism and the aforementioned coupler buffer are removed; S10. The pallet is installed on the base plate, and the pallet supports the coupler buffer on the base plate.

[0018] The coupler buffer disassembly and assembly device provided by the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: When using the coupler buffer assembly / disassembly device to assemble the coupler buffer into the car body, first install the force-applying mechanism on the end of the tail frame used to connect the coupler. The driving component of the force-applying mechanism drives the pressure block to squeeze the buffer body in the front-to-back direction, compressing the rubber parts. The front actuating plate moves closer to the rear actuating plate until the required distance between the front and rear actuating plates is L3, where L3 < L1. The force-applying mechanism is at least partially located outside the car body. In the vertical direction, the force-applying mechanism is at least partially located on the side of the end plate facing away from the traction beam. Then, install the maintaining mechanism on the buffer body to maintain the distance between the front and rear actuating plates at L3. The distance between the front and rear actuating plates is fixed due to the constraint of the maintaining mechanism. The buffer body can move relative to the tail frame in the front-rear direction within the mounting cavity of the tail frame. The force-applying mechanism is removed from the buffer body to avoid interference between the force-applying mechanism and the bottom edge of the end plate. The coupler buffer is installed on the lifting mechanism, the buffer body is aligned with the guide groove, and the lifting mechanism raises the coupler buffer vertically. The buffer body is inserted into the guide groove. At this time, the end of the tail frame used for installing the coupler is located at the lower part of the bottom edge of the clearance opening. By moving the tail frame relative to the buffer body in the front-rear direction, the tail frame is used for... One end of the coupler moves to the inside of the end plate, i.e., projected vertically. The tail frame is located in the buffer mounting cavity, with the end used for connecting to the coupler spaced apart from the end plate. The lifting mechanism restarts, and part of the tail frame enters the buffer mounting cavity vertically until the end of the tail frame used for connecting to the coupler is raised above the bottom edge of the clearance opening and completely exposed from the clearance opening. At this point, the force-applying mechanism is reassembled onto the tail frame, causing the pressure block to act on the front follower plate again in the front-rear direction. Then, the holding mechanism is removed. At this point, the compression state of the elastic element is maintained by the force-applying mechanism, and the lifting mechanism continues to lift the coupler buffer. The lifting mechanism is in standby mode until the coupler buffer is fully inserted into the buffer mounting cavity. At this time, the driving component of the force application mechanism drives the pressure block to move away from the rear axle plate in the front-rear direction, allowing the elastic element to gradually recover its elastic deformation. The gap between the front and rear axle plates gradually increases until the gap between the front and rear axle plates is L1, that is, the front axle plate abuts against the front side wall of the guide groove, and the rear axle plate abuts against the rear side wall of the guide groove. Then, the force application mechanism is removed from the tail frame. Since the buffer body is supported in the guide groove, the position of the coupler buffer in the buffer mounting cavity is relatively fixed at this time. The lifting mechanism and the coupler buffer are then removed. Finally, the support plate is installed in the bottom opening of the buffer mounting cavity to prevent the coupler buffer from falling off.

[0019] In this configuration, the force-applying mechanism deforms the buffer body, thereby reducing the distance between the front and rear axle plates to less than the width of the guide groove in the axle plate seat. This facilitates the insertion of the buffer body into the guide groove. The force-applying mechanism also allows the rubber component to slowly recover its deformation, preventing strong collisions between the front and / or rear axle plates and the inner wall of the guide groove. The holding mechanism maintains the relative position of the front and rear axle plates. On one hand, the holding mechanism can replace the force-applying mechanism to continuously maintain the compressed state of the rubber component. On the other hand, because the holding mechanism overcomes the elastic force of the rubber component between the front and rear axle plates, the buffer body and the tail frame can move in the front-rear direction. During assembly, the relative movement between the tail frame and the buffer body is always in the front-rear direction, making it easier for the tail frame to be adjusted into the buffer mounting cavity. The lifting mechanism transports the coupler buffer into the buffer mounting cavity. Thus, by using the coupler buffer disassembly and assembly device and the coupler buffer installation method, the tail frame of the coupler buffer and the buffer body always move in the first direction, avoiding deflection in other directions, thereby reducing wear between the two during the assembly process and improving the reliability and safety of the assembly. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a carriage in the prior art; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the car body, coupler buffer, and coupler in the prior art; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a coupler and coupler buffer in the prior art; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembly and assembly device for the coupler buffer in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pressure block in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the force-applying mechanism and the coupler buffer in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the coupler buffer disassembly and assembly device with the coupler buffer in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the maintaining mechanism and the coupler buffer in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the maintaining mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] In the picture: X: Front / backward direction; Y: Vertical direction; Z: Left / right direction; 100. Disassembly and assembly device for coupler buffers; 110. Force-applying mechanism; 111. Driving component; 1111. Cylinder body; 1112. Cylinder rod; 112. Pressure block; 1121. U-shaped groove; 113. Base; 114. Fixing plate; 115. Pin; 116. Support component; 120. Holding mechanism; 121. First limiting part; 122. Second limiting part; 123. Connecting part; 124. Handle; 200. Coupler buffer; 210. Tail frame; 220. Buffer body; 221. Front actuated plate; 2211. First insertion hole; 222. Rubber body; 223. Rear actuated plate; 2231. Second insertion hole; 300. Carriage; 310. Traction beam; 311. Buffer mounting cavity; 320. Support plate; 330. End plate; 331. Clearance opening; 340. Pallet; 350. Pad plate; 400. Coupler. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The terms "first position" and "second position" refer to two different positions. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the first feature in relation to the second feature includes the first feature directly above and diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "under," and "below" the first feature in relation to the second feature includes the first feature directly below and diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0025] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0026] like Figures 4 to 9 As shown, this embodiment provides a coupler buffer disassembly and assembly device 100. The coupler buffer 200 includes a tail frame 210 and a buffer body 220 installed in the tail frame 210. The buffer body 220 includes a front axle plate 221, a rubber body 222 and a rear axle plate 223 connected in sequence along the front-rear direction X. The coupler buffer disassembly and assembly device 100 includes a force application mechanism 110, a holding mechanism 120 and a lifting mechanism. The force-applying mechanism 110 is detachably connected to the tail frame 210. The force-applying mechanism 110 includes a driving member 111 and a pressure block 112. The fixed end of the driving member 111 can be fixed relative to the tail frame 210. The moving end of the driving member 111 is equipped with the pressure block 112 and drives the pressure block 112 to move in the front-rear direction X. The pressure block 112 is used to squeeze the buffer body 220 in the front-rear direction X, so that the rubber body 222 is in a compressed state. The holding mechanism 120 is detachably connected to the buffer body 220. The holding mechanism 120 includes a first limiting part 121, a second limiting part 122 and a connecting part 123 for connecting the two. The front follower plate 221 and the rear follower plate 223 are at least partially sandwiched between the first limiting part 121 and the second limiting part 122 to maintain the compressed state of the rubber body 222. The lifting mechanism is detachably connected to the coupler buffer 200 and is used to move the coupler buffer 200 in the vertical direction Y.

[0027] A method for installing a coupler buffer is also provided, applicable to the aforementioned coupler buffer disassembly and assembly device 100, for installing the coupler buffer 200 onto a car body 300. The car body 300 includes a traction beam 310, a base plate 320, an end plate 330, and a support plate 340. One end of the traction beam 310 forms a buffer mounting cavity 311. Two base plates 320 are provided, respectively installed on the left-right Z-direction side walls of the buffer mounting cavity 311. The end plate 330 is installed on one side of the traction beam 310 in the front-rear X-direction. The end plate 330 has a U-shaped clearance opening 331, which communicates with the buffer mounting cavity 311. The method for installing the coupler buffer includes: S1. Install the force application mechanism 110 on the coupler buffer 200. The force application mechanism 110 starts to squeeze the buffer body 220, so that the rubber body 222 is in a compressed state. S2. The holding mechanism 120 is installed on the buffer body 220 so that the rubber body 222 is kept in a compressed state; S3. Remove the force application mechanism 110 and the automatic coupler buffer 200; S4. Install the coupler buffer 200 on the lifting mechanism, align the buffer body 220 with the guide groove of the plate seat 320 and insert it into the guide groove in the vertical direction Y. S5. Move the tail frame 210 relative to the buffer body 220 in the front-back direction X so that the projection of the tail frame 210 in the vertical direction Y is completely located in the buffer mounting cavity 311. S6. The lifting mechanism is activated, causing part of the coupler buffer 200 to enter the buffer mounting cavity 311; S7. When the tail frame 210 is located within the clearance opening 331 in the X-projection of the front-rear direction, the lifting mechanism is in standby mode, the force application mechanism 110 is installed on the coupler buffer 200, and then the holding mechanism 120 and the buffer body 220 are removed. S8. The lifting mechanism is activated, causing the coupler buffer 200 to fully enter the buffer mounting cavity 311. S9. The force application mechanism 110 causes the rubber body 222 to slowly recover its deformation, and then the force application mechanism 110 and the coupler buffer 200 are removed. S10. Install pallet 340 onto pallet seat 320. Pallet 340 supports coupler buffer 200 on the base plate.

[0028] For example, the carriage 300 includes a traction beam 310, a base plate 320, an end plate 330, and a support plate 340. The traction beam 310 extends in the longitudinal direction X. The end plates 330 are spaced apart from the ends of the traction beam 310 in the longitudinal direction X. A buffer mounting cavity 311 is formed between the end plates 330 and the traction beam 310. The buffer mounting cavity 311 is opened in the vertical direction Y and forms an opening at the bottom of the carriage 300. The end plates 330 have a clearance opening 331 in the longitudinal direction X. The clearance opening 331 is U-shaped and includes a bottom frame. There are two base plates 320, which are symmetrically arranged in the left-right direction Z. The base plates 320 are installed on the inner sidewall of the buffer mounting cavity 311. The base plates 320 have guide grooves. The length direction of the guide groove is parallel to the vertical direction Y, the depth direction of the guide groove is parallel to the left-right direction Z, and the width direction of the guide groove is parallel to the longitudinal direction X. The guide groove has an opening at one end in the vertical Y direction that connects to the bottom opening of the buffer mounting cavity 311, and the opening in the depth direction of the guide groove faces into the buffer mounting cavity 311. The width dimension of the guide groove is L1.

[0029] For example, the coupler buffer 200 includes a tail frame 210 and a buffer body 220. The tail frame 210 includes a mounting cavity with a through hole in the left-right direction Z. A front axle plate 221, a rubber component, and a rear axle plate 223 are placed in the mounting cavity. The front axle plate 221, the rubber component, and the rear axle plate 223 are arranged sequentially in the front-rear direction X. The rubber component connects the front axle plate 221 and the rear axle plate 223 and can undergo elastic deformation. The ends of the front axle plate 221 and the rear axle plate 223 both extend out of the tail frame 210 through the through hole. The elastic component makes the front axle plate 221 and the rear axle plate 223 always tend to move away from each other. When the elastic component is in a relaxed state, the front axle plate 221 abuts against the front side wall of the mounting cavity, and the rear axle plate 223 abuts against the rear side wall of the mounting cavity. At this time, the distance between the front axle plate 221 and the rear side plate is L2, which satisfies L2≥L1.

[0030] When the coupler buffer 200 is installed in the car body 300, one end of the tail frame 210 with the buffer body 220 is located in the buffer mounting cavity 311, and the parts of the front follower plate 221 and the rear follower plate 223 that extend out of the tail frame 210 are inserted into the guide groove. The end of the tail frame 210 used to connect with the coupler 400 extends out of the car body 300 from the clearance opening 331.

[0031] When using the coupler buffer assembly / disassembly device 100 to assemble the coupler buffer 200 onto the car body 300, first install the force application mechanism 110 onto one end of the tail frame 210 used to connect the coupler 400. The drive component 111 of the force application mechanism 110 drives the pressure block 112 to compress the buffer body 220 in the front-rear direction X, causing the rubber parts to compress. The front axle plate 221 moves closer to the rear axle plate 223 until the desired distance is achieved. The distance between the front axle plate 221 and the rear axle plate 223 is L3, where L3 < L1. The force application mechanism 110 is at least partially located outside the car body 300. In the vertical direction Y, the force application mechanism 110 is at least partially located on the side of the end plate 330 facing away from the traction beam 310. Then, install the maintaining mechanism 120 onto the buffer body 220 to maintain the distance between the front axle plate 221 and the rear axle plate 223 at L3. At this time, the distance between the front axle plate 221 and the rear axle plate 223 is fixed due to the constraint of the maintaining mechanism 120. The main body 220 of the shock absorber can move relative to the tail frame 210 in the front-rear direction X within the mounting cavity of the tail frame 210; the force application mechanism 110 is removed from the main body 220 of the shock absorber to avoid interference between the force application mechanism 110 and the bottom edge of the end plate 330; the coupler shock absorber 200 is installed on the lifting mechanism, the shock absorber main body 220 is aligned with the guide groove, the lifting mechanism lifts the coupler shock absorber 200 in the vertical direction Y, and the shock absorber main body 220 is partially inserted into the guide groove. At this time, the end of the tail frame 210 used to install the coupler 400 is located at the lower part of the bottom edge of the clearance opening 331. By moving the tail frame 210 relative to the shock absorber main body 220 in the front-rear direction X, the end of the tail frame 210 used to connect the coupler 400 moves to the inner side of the end plate 330, that is, projected in the vertical direction Y. The end of the tail frame 210 located in the shock absorber mounting cavity 311 and used to connect with the coupler 400 is spaced apart from the end plate 330.The lifting mechanism restarts, and part of the tail frame 210 enters the buffer mounting cavity 311 vertically in the Y direction until the end of the tail frame 210 used to connect with the coupler 400 is raised above the bottom edge of the clearance opening 331 and completely exposed from the clearance opening 331. At this time, the force application mechanism 110 is reassembled onto the tail frame 210, and the pressure block 112 acts on the front axle plate 221 again in the front-rear direction X. Then, the holding mechanism 120 is removed. At this time, the compression state of the elastic element is maintained by the force application mechanism 110, and the lifting mechanism continues to lift the coupler buffer 200 until the coupler buffer 200 is completely inside the buffer mounting cavity 311. The lifting mechanism then stands by. The driving component 111 of the force-applying mechanism 110 drives the pressure block 112 to move away from the rear follower plate 223 in the X-direction, allowing the elastic element to gradually recover its elastic deformation. The gap between the front follower plate 221 and the rear follower plate 223 gradually increases until the gap between them is L1, meaning the front follower plate 221 abuts against the front sidewall of the guide groove, and the rear follower plate 223 abuts against the rear sidewall of the guide groove. Then, the force-applying mechanism 110 is removed from the tail frame 210. Since the buffer body 220 is supported in the guide groove, the position of the coupler buffer 200 within the buffer mounting cavity 311 is relatively fixed. The lifting mechanism and the coupler buffer 200 are then removed. Finally, the support plate 340 is installed at the bottom opening of the buffer mounting cavity 311 to prevent the coupler buffer 200 from falling off.

[0032] With this configuration, the force-applying mechanism 110 is used to deform the buffer body 220, thereby making the distance between the front follower plate 221 and the rear follower plate 223 smaller than the width of the guide groove of the follower plate seat 320, so that the buffer body can be inserted into the guide groove. The force-applying mechanism 110 is also used to make the rubber part slowly recover its deformation, avoiding strong collisions between the front follower plate 221 and / or the rear follower plate 223 and the inner wall of the guide groove; the holding mechanism 120 is used to maintain the relative position of the front follower plate 221 and the rear follower plate 223, on the one hand On the one hand, the holding mechanism 120 can replace the force-applying mechanism 110 to continuously maintain the compressed state of the rubber component. On the other hand, since the elastic force of the rubber component is overcome between the front axle plate 221 and the rear axle plate 223 through the holding mechanism 120, the buffer body 220 and the tail frame 210 can move in the front-rear direction X. During the assembly process, the relative movement between the tail frame 210 and the buffer body 220 is always in the front-rear direction X, making it easier for the tail frame 210 to be adjusted into the buffer mounting cavity 311. The lifting mechanism is used to transport the coupler buffer 200 into the buffer mounting cavity 311. In this way, by using the coupler buffer disassembly and assembly device 100 and the coupler buffer installation method, the tail frame 210 and the buffer body 220 of the coupler buffer 200 always move in the first direction, avoiding deflection in other directions, thereby reducing wear between them during the assembly process and improving the reliability and safety of the assembly.

[0033] Optionally, the force-applying mechanism 110 also includes a base 113 and a fixing plate 114. The fixed end of the driving component 111 is mounted on the base 113; the fixing plate 114 is fixedly connected to the base 113, and two fixing plates 114 are provided. A pressure block 112 is located between the two fixing plates 114. The fixing plates 114 are fixed to the tail frame 210 by pins 115, which penetrate the two fixing plates 114 and the opposite side walls of the tail frame 210; the axis of the pins 115 is perpendicular to the front-rear X direction.

[0034] For example, two fixing plates 114 extend in the front-rear direction X and are spaced apart in the vertical direction Y. One end of the fixing plate 114 in the front-rear direction X is fixed to the base 113, and the other end is inserted into the interface of the tail frame 210. The fixing plate 114 is locked to the tail frame 210 by a pin 115 to prevent the fixing plate 114 from exiting the tail frame 210 in the front-rear direction X. The pressure block 112 and the driving member 111 are both located between the two fixing plates 114. The driving member 111 drives the pressure block 112 to move in the front-rear direction X to squeeze the buffer body 220, so that the front follower plate 221 moves closer to the rear follower plate 223, thereby compressing the rubber part.

[0035] Furthermore, multiple pins 115 are provided, and the multiple pins 115 are arranged in parallel to limit the relative rotation tendency of the fixing plate 114 and the tail frame 210, so that the driving member 111 can always drive the pressure block 112 in the front-rear direction X, so as to prevent the pressure block 112 from deflecting the buffer body 220.

[0036] Furthermore, a fixing plate 114 is inserted into the tail frame 210. The tail frame 210 includes two opposing side walls spaced apart in the vertical direction Y and two opposing side walls spaced apart in the left-right direction Z. One fixing plate 114 can abut against one of the opposing side walls spaced apart in the vertical direction Y and against the two side walls spaced apart in the left-right direction Z. The other fixing plate 114 can abut against the other of the opposing side walls spaced apart in the vertical direction Y and against the two side walls spaced apart in the left-right direction Z. In this way, the abutment relationship between the fixing plate 114 and the side walls of the tailings can limit the relative rotation tendency between the fixing plate 114 and the tail frame 210, so that the driving member 111 can always drive the pressure block 112 in the front-back direction X, so as to prevent the pressure block 112 from deflecting the buffer body 220.

[0037] Optionally, the pin 115 is located on the path of the pressure block 112 moving in the front-back direction X; the pressure block 112 has a U-shaped groove 1121 on the side facing the pin 115, and the pin 115 can be inserted into the U-shaped groove 1121 in the front-back direction X.

[0038] For example, two fixing plates 114 are spaced apart in the vertical direction Y. A pin 115 passes through the upper sidewall, fixing plate 114, another fixing plate 114, and lower sidewall in sequence along the vertical direction Y. A pressure block 112 is located between the two fixing plates 114. Projected in the vertical direction Y, the pressure block 112 is U-shaped and includes protrusions spaced apart in the left-right direction Z. The protrusions on both sides can extend beyond the pin 115 in the front-back direction X to abut against the front plate 221. This arrangement can reduce the volume of the coupler buffer 200.

[0039] Optionally, the driving component 111 is a hydraulic cylinder, with the cylinder body 1111 serving as the fixed end and the cylinder rod 1112 serving as the moving end to drive the pressure block 112.

[0040] For example, the base 113 includes a first support surface and a second support surface. The first support surface is perpendicular to the front-rear direction X. The cylinder body 1111 is mounted on the first support surface, such that the cylinder rod 1112 extends in the front-rear direction X.

[0041] Optionally, the force-applying mechanism 110 also includes a support member 116, with one of the cylinder rod 1112 and the fixing plate 114 mounted on the support member 116, and the other of the cylinder rod 1112 and the fixing plate 114 slidably connected to the support member 116.

[0042] For example, the support member 116 is mounted on the cylinder rod 1112. The support member 116 fills the gap between the cylinder rod 1112 and the fixing plate 114 or the base 113, reducing the movement of the cylinder rod 1112 carrying the pressure block 112 in the front-back direction X. The support member 116 is used to reduce the suspended volume of the cylinder rod 1112.

[0043] Optionally, the front plate 221 is provided with a first insertion hole 2211 at both ends in the left-right direction Z; the rear plate 223 is provided with a second insertion hole 2231 at both ends in the left-right direction Z, the first limiting part 121 is at least partially inserted into the first insertion hole 2211, and the second limiting part 122 is at least partially inserted into the second insertion hole 2231.

[0044] For example, the first insertion hole 2211 is opened in the left-right direction Z, and the second insertion hole 2231 is opened in the left-right direction Z. The first limiting part 121 and the second limiting part 122 of the holding mechanism 120 are respectively inserted into the first insertion hole 2211 and the second insertion hole 2231. Since the connecting part 123 restricts the relative displacement of the first limiting part 121 and the second limiting part 122 with the front-back direction X, it prevents the rubber part from restoring its deformation.

[0045] Optionally, the first limiting part 121 and / or the second limiting part 122 can be detachably connected to the connecting part 123. The connecting part 123 is provided with multiple mounting positions along the front-rear direction X, and the first limiting part 121 and / or the second limiting part 122 can be selectively installed at the mounting position.

[0046] With this configuration, the distance between the first limiting part 121 and the second limiting part 122 can be adjusted, making the buffer suitable for various models.

[0047] Optionally, the holding mechanism 120 further includes a locking nut, the connecting part 123 is a lead screw, the first limiting part 121 and / or the second limiting part 122 are sleeved on the connecting part 123 and can move relative to each other in the front-rear direction X, the locking nut is threadedly connected to the lead screw, and the locking nut is used to lock the relative position of the first limiting part 121 and the second limiting part 122 in the front-rear direction X.

[0048] With this configuration, the distance between the first limiting part 121 and the second limiting part 122 can be adjusted, making the buffer suitable for various models.

[0049] Optionally, the holding mechanism 120 also includes a handle 124, which is mounted on the connecting part 123 and is located on the side of the connecting part 123 opposite to the buffer body 220.

[0050] With this configuration, the distance between the first limiting part 121 and the second limiting part 122 can be adjusted, making the buffer suitable for various models.

[0051] Optionally, a pad 350 is also included, which is installed between the support plate 340 and the coupler buffer 200 for adjusting the position of the coupler buffer 200 in the vertical Y direction.

[0052] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A disassembly and assembly device for a coupler buffer, the coupler buffer (200) comprising a tail frame (210) and a buffer body (220) installed within the tail frame (210), the buffer body (220) comprising a front axle plate (221), a rubber body (222), and a rear axle plate (223) sequentially connected along a front-rear direction (X), characterized in that, The disassembly and assembly device for the coupler buffer includes: A force-applying mechanism (110) is detachably connected to the tail frame (210). The force-applying mechanism (110) includes a driving member (111) and a pressure block (112). The fixed end of the driving member (111) can be fixed relative to the tail frame (210). The moving end of the driving member (111) is equipped with the pressure block (112) and drives the pressure block (112) to move along the front-rear direction (X). The pressure block (112) is used to squeeze the buffer body (220) along the front-rear direction (X), so that the rubber body (222) is in a compressed state. A maintaining mechanism (120) is detachably connected to the buffer body (220). The maintaining mechanism (120) includes a first limiting part (121), a second limiting part (122), and a connecting part (123) for connecting the two. The front slave plate (221) and the rear slave plate (223) are at least partially sandwiched between the first limiting part (121) and the second limiting part (122) to maintain the compressed state of the rubber body (222). The lifting mechanism is detachably connected to the coupler buffer (200) and is used to move the coupler buffer (200) in the vertical direction (Y).

2. The disassembly and assembly device for the coupler buffer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The force-applying mechanism (110) also includes: The base (113) is on which the fixed end of the driving member (111) is mounted; A fixing plate (114) is fixedly connected to the base (113). Two fixing plates (114) are provided. The pressure block (112) is located between the two fixing plates (114). The fixing plates (114) are fixed to the tail frame (210) by a pin (115). The pin (115) passes through the two fixing plates (114) and the opposite side walls of the tail frame (210). The axis of the pin (115) is perpendicular to the front-back direction (X).

3. The disassembly and assembly device for the coupler buffer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pin (115) is located on the path of the pressure block (112) moving along the front-back direction (X); the pressure block (112) has a U-shaped groove (1121) on the side facing the pin (115), and the pin (115) can be inserted into the U-shaped groove (1121) along the front-back direction (X).

4. The disassembly and assembly device for the coupler buffer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The driving component (111) is a hydraulic cylinder, with the cylinder body (1111) serving as the fixed end and the cylinder rod (1112) serving as the moving end to drive the pressure block (112).

5. The disassembly and assembly device for the coupler buffer according to claim 4, characterized in that, The force-applying mechanism (110) further includes a support member (116), one of the cylinder rod (1112) and the fixing plate (114) is mounted with the support member (116), and the other of the cylinder rod (1112) and the fixing plate (114) is slidably connected to the support member (116).

6. The disassembly and assembly device for the coupler buffer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front slave plate (221) has a first insertion hole (2211) at both ends in the left-right direction (Z); the rear slave plate (223) has a second insertion hole (2231) at both ends in the left-right direction (Z), the first limiting part (121) is at least partially inserted into the first insertion hole (2211), and the second limiting part (122) is at least partially inserted into the second insertion hole (2231).

7. The disassembly and assembly device for the coupler buffer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first limiting part (121) and / or the second limiting part (122) are detachably connected to the connecting part (123). The connecting part (123) is provided with a plurality of mounting positions along the front-rear direction (X). The first limiting part (121) and / or the second limiting part (122) can be selectively installed at the mounting position.

8. The disassembly and assembly device for the coupler buffer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The maintaining mechanism (120) further includes a locking nut, the connecting part (123) is a lead screw, the first limiting part (121) and / or the second limiting part (122) are sleeved on the connecting part (123) and can move relative to each other in the front-rear direction (X), the locking nut is threadedly connected to the lead screw, and the locking nut is used to lock the relative position of the first limiting part (121) and the second limiting part (122) in the front-rear direction (X).

9. The disassembly and assembly device for the coupler buffer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The maintaining mechanism (120) also includes a handle (124) which is mounted on the connecting part (123) and is located on the side of the connecting part (123) opposite to the buffer body (220).

10. A method for installing a coupler buffer, applicable to the coupler buffer disassembly and assembly device (100) according to any one of claims 1-9, for installing the coupler buffer (200) onto a car body (300), the car body (300) comprising a traction beam (310), a base plate (320), an end plate (330), and a support plate (340), one end of the traction beam (310) forming a buffer mounting cavity (311), two base plates (320) being provided, respectively installed on the left-right direction (Z) side walls of the buffer mounting cavity (311), the end plate (330) being installed on one side of the traction beam (310) in the front-rear direction (X), the end plate (330) having a U-shaped clearance opening (331), the clearance opening (331) communicating with the buffer mounting cavity (311), characterized in that, The installation method of the coupler buffer includes: S1. The force application mechanism (110) is installed on the coupler buffer (200). The force application mechanism (110) starts to squeeze the buffer body (220), so that the rubber body (222) is in the compressed state. S2. The maintaining mechanism (120) is installed on the buffer body (220) so that the rubber body (222) is maintained in the compressed state; S3. Remove the force-applying mechanism (110) from the coupler buffer (200); S4. Install the coupler buffer (200) on the lifting mechanism, align the buffer body (220) with the guide groove of the plate seat (320) and insert it into the guide groove along the vertical direction (Y); S5. Move the tail frame (210) relative to the buffer body (220) along the front-rear direction (X) so that the projection of the tail frame (210) in the vertical direction (Y) is completely located within the buffer mounting cavity (311); S6. The lifting mechanism is activated, causing the coupler buffer (200) to partially enter the buffer mounting cavity (311); S7. When the tail frame (210) is located within the clearance opening (331) when projected in the front-rear direction (X), the lifting mechanism is in standby mode, the force application mechanism (110) is installed on the coupler buffer (200), and then the holding mechanism (120) is removed from the buffer body (220). S8. The lifting mechanism is activated, causing the coupler buffer (200) to fully enter the buffer mounting cavity (311); S9. The force application mechanism (110) causes the rubber body (222) to slowly recover its deformation, and then the force application mechanism (110) and the coupler buffer (200) are removed; S10. The pallet (340) is installed on the base plate (320), and the pallet (340) supports the coupler buffer (200) on the base plate.

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