Waste plastic crushing equipment

Abstract

The application provides a waste plastic crushing equipment, which comprises a pre-crushing tank and a main crushing tank, the pre-crushing tank is internally provided with a shearing type blade group with adjustable gap, the main crushing tank is internally provided with a toothed cutter group, the pre-crushing tank is located above the main crushing tank, and the crushed material in the pre-crushing tank falls into the main crushing tank, and the equipment further comprises a fine crushing tank, the fine crushing tank is internally provided with a conical grinding assembly to perform secondary grinding on the material crushed by the previous two stages. The three-stage cutter cooperative structure is adopted, the large plastic is first cut and preliminarily crushed in the pre-crushing tank, so that the material is prevented from being directly fed into the next stage and causing blockage, then the material is crushed in the main crushing tank, and finally the material is ground and discharged in the fine crushing tank, so that the three-stage cooperative crushing is realized, the processing capacity is effectively improved, and the problems of blockage and uneven crushing are solved through structural optimization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waste plastic processing equipment, and particularly to waste plastic crushing equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Plastics are widely used, and as they are difficult to degrade, large quantities of discarded plastics pollute the environment. To address this, existing technologies propose waste plastic recycling and reuse solutions. Recycling and reusing waste plastics can reduce environmental pollution, decrease petroleum resource consumption, save energy, and create economic benefits. It transforms waste plastics into new raw materials or products through physical or chemical methods, thus alleviating the pressure of "white pollution" and promoting the development of a circular economy.

[0003] Currently, three major technological pathways have been formed: physical, chemical, and biological. In the physical pathway, waste plastics are recycled and reused by directly processing waste plastics into recycled pellets through processes such as washing, crushing, and melting. These pellets are widely used in fields such as building fillers and garbage bags.

[0004] However, traditional plastic crushing equipment mostly uses a single blade structure (such as fixed blade or rotating blade), which is difficult to adapt to the crushing needs of plastics with different hardness such as PE, PP, and ABS. It is prone to problems such as "material jamming" or "over-crushing". The processing capacity per unit time is insufficient. At the same time, the crushing effect of the single blade structure is not ideal. The crushed plastic particles are uneven in size (particle size deviation > 2mm), requiring additional screening equipment, which increases the process cost.

[0005] The aforementioned problems result in high costs and low efficiency in the recycled plastic crushing process, hindering the large-scale development of the plastic recycling industry. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a high-efficiency, energy-saving, and easy-to-maintain recycled plastic crushing equipment to address the shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a waste plastic crushing device, which adopts a three-stage blade collaborative structure to adapt to plastics of different hardness.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] This invention provides a waste plastic crushing device, comprising:

[0009] A pre-grinding tank, wherein the pre-grinding tank is equipped with an adjustable gap shearing blade assembly;

[0010] The main crushing tank is equipped with a set of toothed blades.

[0011] The pre-grinding tank is located above the main grinding tank, and the material grinding in the pre-grinding tank falls into the main grinding tank.

[0012] It also includes a fine grinding tank, which is equipped with a conical grinding component to perform secondary grinding on the material after the first two stages of grinding.

[0013] Further technology of the present invention:

[0014] Preferably, the adjustable-gap shearing blade assembly includes:

[0015] A fixed blade is disposed on the inner wall of the pre-crushing tank;

[0016] A central rotating shaft, the top of which is connected to the output shaft of a drive motor mounted on the top of the pre-crushing tank;

[0017] A rotating blade is fixed on a central rotating shaft, and the rotating blade is flush with the fixed blade with a gap between them.

[0018] Preferably, the inner wall of the pre-crushing tank is provided with a square slot, the inner wall of the pre-crushing tank is provided with a connecting block, the outer wall of the pre-crushing tank is provided with a hydraulic cylinder, the fixed blade is connected to the front of the connecting block, the back of the connecting block is provided with a slider, and the slider passes through the square slot and is connected to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0019] Preferably, the toothed blade assembly includes a vertical roller fixedly connected to a central rotating shaft, with toothed blades provided on the wall of the vertical roller, and an auger provided on the inner wall of the main crushing tank, with the toothed blades and the auger in clearance fit.

[0020] Preferably, the top of the vertical roller is provided with a first guide cone, through which the material falling from the pre-crushing tank enters the gap between the toothed cutter and the auger.

[0021] Preferably, the conical grinding assembly includes an inverted conical grinding head disposed at the bottom of the central rotating shaft, and a V-shaped grinding disc disposed inside the fine grinding tank. The outer wall of the inverted conical grinding head and the inner wall of the V-shaped grinding disc are both equipped with precision teeth. The outer wall of the inverted conical grinding head and the V-shaped grinding disc are fitted together to grind the material falling from the main grinding tank.

[0022] Preferably, the top of the inverted conical grinding head is provided with a second guide cone, through which the material falling from the main crushing tank enters the gap between the outer wall of the inverted conical grinding head and the V-shaped grinding disc.

[0023] Preferably, the bottom of the fine grinding tank is open, and the V-shaped grinding disc is raised and lowered by a cylinder located at the bottom of the fine grinding tank.

[0024] Preferably, the V-shaped grinding disc is covered with horn-shaped holes that are smaller at the top and larger at the bottom.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] This invention employs a three-stage cutting tool collaborative structure. First, large plastic pieces are pre-cut and crushed in a pre-crushing tank to prevent them from directly entering the next stage and causing material jamming. Then, they are crushed in the main crushing tank and finally ground and discharged in the fine crushing tank. The three-stage collaborative crushing effectively improves the processing capacity and solves the problems of material jamming and uneven crushing through structural optimization. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Fig. 1 This is a schematic diagram of the waste plastic crushing equipment provided by the present invention.

[0029] Fig. 2 This is a top view schematic diagram of the main crushing tank provided by the present invention.

[0030] Fig. 3 This is a schematic diagram of the conical grinding assembly structure provided by the present invention.

[0031] In the attached diagram, 10-pre-grinding tank, 11-main grinding tank, 12-fine grinding tank, 13-fixed blade, 14-central rotating shaft, 15-drive motor, 16-rotating blade, 17-support, 18-square slot, 19-connecting block, 20-slider, 21-hydraulic cylinder, 22-vertical roller, 23-toothed cutter, 24-auger, 25-first guide cone, 26-inverted conical grinding head, 27-V-shaped grinding disc, 28-second guide cone, 29-cylinder, 30-horn hole. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0033] like Figs. 1-3 This embodiment provides a waste plastic crushing device, including:

[0034] The pre-crushing tank 10 is equipped with an adjustable-gap shearing blade assembly. For large pieces of high-hardness plastics (such as ABS), it uses shearing force to initially crush the material, preventing it from directly entering the next stage and causing jamming. The gap can be adjusted according to the hardness of the plastic (larger gap for hard plastics, smaller gap for soft plastics).

[0035] The main crushing tank 11 is equipped with a set of toothed blades 23; through the precise cutting of the toothed blades 23, the material is efficiently crushed, and over-crushing is reduced.

[0036] The pre-crushing tank 10 is located above the main crushing tank 11, and the material crushed in the pre-crushing tank 10 falls into the main crushing tank 11.

[0037] It also includes a fine grinding tank 12, which is equipped with a conical grinding component to perform secondary grinding on the material after the first two stages of grinding. This secondary grinding of the material after the first two stages of grinding controls the particle size deviation to ≤1mm, reducing subsequent screening processes.

[0038] In this embodiment, the pre-grinding tank 10, the main grinding tank 11, and the fine grinding tank 12 are connected from top to bottom, and the three have the same cylinder diameter.

[0039] Furthermore, the adjustable-gap shearing blade assembly described in this embodiment includes:

[0040] Fixed blade 13 is disposed on the inner wall of pre-crushing tank 10;

[0041] A central rotating shaft 14, the top of which is connected to the output shaft of a drive motor 15 mounted on the top of a pre-crushing tank 10;

[0042] The rotating blade 16 is fixed on the central rotating shaft 14. The rotating blade 16 is flush with the fixed blade 13 and there is a gap between them.

[0043] It should be noted that the drive motor 15 is mounted on the top of the pre-crushing tank 10 via the bracket 17, leaving sufficient space for feeding. The drive motor 15 is connected to an external power source.

[0044] Start the drive motor 15. The output shaft of the drive motor 15 drives the central rotating shaft 14 to rotate. The central rotating shaft 14 drives the rotating blade 16 to rotate, which, together with the fixed blade 13, performs preliminary crushing of the material.

[0045] The gap between the rotating blade 16 and the fixed blade 13 can be adjusted according to the hardness of the plastic (larger gap for hard plastic, smaller gap for soft plastic). Specifically, in this embodiment:

[0046] The inner wall of the pre-crushing tank 10 is provided with a square slot 18, the inner wall of the pre-crushing tank 10 is provided with a connecting block 19, the outer wall of the pre-crushing tank 10 is provided with a hydraulic cylinder 21, the fixed blade 13 is connected to the front of the connecting block 19, the back of the connecting block 19 is provided with a slider 20, the slider 20 passes through the square slot 18 and is connected to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 21.

[0047] Hydraulic cylinder 21 is connected to the outer wall of pre-crushing tank 10. When hydraulic cylinder 21 is started, the piston rod of hydraulic cylinder 21 drives slider 20 to slide laterally, which in turn drives connecting block 19 and fixed blade 13 to move laterally, thereby controlling the gap between rotating blade 16 and fixed blade 13.

[0048] In this embodiment, an infrared hardness sensor can be built in to detect the hardness of the plastic before the material enters the crushing chamber, adjust the gap between the rotating blade 16 and the fixed blade 13, and control the rotation speed of the drive motor 15.

[0049] The toothed cutter 23 group includes a vertical roller 22 fixedly connected to the central rotating shaft 14. The vertical roller 22 is provided with toothed cutters 23 on its cylinder wall. The inner wall of the main crushing tank 11 is provided with an auger 24. The toothed cutters 23 and the auger 24 are in clearance fit.

[0050] The top of the vertical roller 22 is provided with a first guide cone 25, and the material falling from the pre-crushing tank 10 enters the gap between the toothed cutter 23 and the auger 24 through the first guide cone 25.

[0051] It should be noted that in the above structure, the downward rotation direction of the auger 24 is the same as the rotation direction of the central shaft 14. During the precise cutting process of the toothed cutter 23, the material is continuously rotated downwards under the influence of the auger 24 until it leaves the main crushing tank 11 and enters the fine crushing tank 12. The edges of the auger 24 and the toothed cutter 23 are also relatively sharp, working together with the toothed cutter 23 to perform cutting.

[0052] The conical grinding assembly includes an inverted conical grinding head 26 located at the bottom of the central rotating shaft 14, and a V-shaped grinding disc located inside the fine grinding tank 12. The outer wall of the inverted conical grinding head 26 and the inner wall of the V-shaped grinding disc are both equipped with precision teeth. The outer wall of the inverted conical grinding head 26 and the V-shaped grinding disc are fitted together to grind the material falling from the main grinding tank 11.

[0053] The gap error between any corresponding position of the outer wall of the inverted conical grinding head 26 and the V-shaped grinding disk is small. Therefore, the particle size deviation after grinding is also small, and no additional screening equipment is required.

[0054] The top of the inverted conical grinding head 26 is provided with a second guide cone 28. The material falling from the main crushing tank 11 enters the gap between the outer wall of the inverted conical grinding head 26 and the V-shaped grinding disc through the second guide cone 28.

[0055] In this embodiment, the rotating blade 16, the toothed blade 23, and the inverted conical grinding head 26 are driven by the same drive motor 15. The material falling from the main crushing tank 11 enters the gap between the outer wall of the inverted conical grinding head 26 and the V-shaped grinding disc through the second guide cone 28. Through precision tooth friction, the plastic grinding particles become more uniform.

[0056] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the drive motor 15 is equipped with a torque sensor. When the material jams and the torque exceeds the threshold, the tool will automatically reverse and resume forward rotation after 3 seconds.

[0057] Furthermore, the bottom of the fine grinding tank 12 is open, and the V-shaped grinding disc is raised and lowered by a cylinder 29 located at the bottom of the fine grinding tank 12. In this embodiment, the maximum height to which the cylinder 29 controls the V-shaped grinding disc to rise is such that the V-shaped grinding disc and the inverted conical grinding head 26 are in clearance fit.

[0058] On the one hand, the descent allows the V-shaped grinding disc to detach from the bottom opening of the fine grinding tank 12, making it easier to remove materials and clean the V-shaped grinding disc.

[0059] On the other hand, the downward movement can increase the distance between the V-shaped grinding disc and the inverted conical grinding head 26, allowing the material to enter the gap better. Then, the upward movement of the V-shaped grinding disc reduces the distance between it and the inverted conical grinding head 26, allowing the material in the gap to be ground.

[0060] When the V-shaped grinding disc detaches from the bottom opening of the fine grinding tank 12, the inverted conical grinding head 26 cannot perform grinding work with the V-shaped grinding disc. To address this, in this embodiment, the V-shaped grinding disc is covered with flared holes 30, which are smaller at the top and larger at the bottom. The smaller diameter of the flared holes 30 is larger than the distance between the V-shaped grinding disc and the inverted conical grinding head 26, meaning that the smaller diameter of the flared holes 30 is sufficient for the discharge of ground plastic particles.

[0061] During the grinding process, plastic particles that meet the required particle size fall directly through the small opening of the funnel hole 30, while those that do not meet the size requirement continue to be ground, achieving non-stop crushing and grinding for material output.

[0062] The top of the central rotating shaft 14 is connected to the output shaft of the hand-driven motor 15. Although the bottom is a movable end, the cooperation between the outer wall of the inverted conical grinding head 26 and the V-shaped grinding disc restricts the slight swaying of the bottom of the central rotating shaft 14. In order to prevent the bottom of the central rotating shaft 14 from shaking, a limiting collar can also be provided on the central rotating shaft 14, which is connected to the side wall of the fine grinding tank 12 through a connecting rod.

[0063] To prevent the small opening of the horn hole 30 from becoming clogged for a long time, the V-shaped grinding disc should be removed and cleaned periodically.

[0064] Negative pressure pipes can be added to the side walls of the pre-grinding tank 10, the main grinding tank 11, and the fine grinding tank 12. The dust generated during the grinding process is collected through the negative pressure pipes to prevent dust from clogging the blades and to improve the working environment.

[0065] A PLC intelligent control center can also be added, with an integrated touch screen, which can preset crushing parameters for different types of plastics (such as PE mode and ABS mode), switch with one button, and operate conveniently.

[0066] In this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0067] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0068] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waste plastic crushing equipment, characterized in that, include: A pre-grinding tank, wherein the pre-grinding tank is equipped with an adjustable gap shearing blade assembly; The main crushing tank is equipped with a set of toothed blades. The pre-grinding tank is located above the main grinding tank, and the material grinding in the pre-grinding tank falls into the main grinding tank. It also includes a fine grinding tank, which is equipped with a conical grinding component to perform secondary grinding on the material after the first two stages of grinding.

2. The waste plastic crushing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustable-gap shearing blade assembly includes: A fixed blade is disposed on the inner wall of the pre-crushing tank; A central rotating shaft, the top of which is connected to the output shaft of a drive motor mounted on the top of the pre-crushing tank; A rotating blade is fixed on a central rotating shaft, and the rotating blade is flush with the fixed blade with a gap between them.

3. The waste plastic crushing equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inner wall of the pre-crushing tank is provided with a square slot, and a connecting block is provided on the inner wall of the pre-crushing tank. A hydraulic cylinder is provided on the outer wall of the pre-crushing tank. The fixed blade is connected to the front of the connecting block, and a slider is provided on the back of the connecting block. The slider passes through the square slot and is connected to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder.

4. The waste plastic crushing equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The toothed blade assembly includes a vertical roller fixedly connected to a central rotating shaft, with toothed blades provided on the wall of the vertical roller. The inner wall of the main crushing tank is provided with an auger, and the toothed blades and the auger are fitted with a clearance fit.

5. The waste plastic crushing equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The top of the vertical drum is provided with a first guide cone, through which the material falling from the pre-crushing tank enters the gap between the toothed cutter and the auger.

6. The waste plastic crushing equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The conical grinding assembly includes an inverted conical grinding head located at the bottom of the central rotating shaft, and a V-shaped grinding disc located inside the fine grinding tank. The outer wall of the inverted conical grinding head and the inner wall of the V-shaped grinding disc are both equipped with precision teeth. The outer wall of the inverted conical grinding head and the V-shaped grinding disc are fitted together to grind the material falling from the main grinding tank.

7. The waste plastic crushing equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The top of the inverted conical grinding head is provided with a second guide cone, through which the material falling from the main crushing tank enters the gap between the outer wall of the inverted conical grinding head and the V-shaped grinding disc.

8. The waste plastic crushing equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The bottom of the fine grinding tank is open, and the V-shaped grinding disc is raised and lowered by a cylinder located at the bottom of the fine grinding tank.

9. The waste plastic crushing equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that, The V-shaped grinding disc is covered with horn-shaped holes that are smaller at the top and larger at the bottom.

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