A pure electric commercial vehicle high-voltage multi-loop monitoring and fault protection system

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of high-voltage safety protection of commercial vehicles, and discloses a kind of pure electric commercial vehicle high pressure multi-loop monitoring and fault protection system, including distributed high pressure acquisition module, hierarchical logic research module and linkage type hierarchical protection execution module, each module is interconnected through vehicle CAN bus communication, distributed high pressure acquisition module is arranged in each high pressure branch circuit, and multi-dimensional electric parameter synchronous acquisition is realized;Hierarchical logic research module completes fault classification, grade determination and loop accurate tracing;Linkage type hierarchical protection execution module outputs differentiated protection and vehicle early warning action;The system adopts three-layer progressive architecture, which can adapt to the complex working conditions of the multi-branch high voltage loop of the pure electric commercial vehicle, effectively reduces the monitoring blind area, improves the problem of insufficient fault determination accuracy and single protection action, improves the operation safety and operation convenience of the high voltage system, and is suitable for various pure electric commercial vehicle high voltage safety protection scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of high-voltage safety protection technology for commercial vehicles, and particularly relates to a high-voltage multi-circuit monitoring and fault protection system for pure electric commercial vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] Pure electric commercial vehicles are equipped with large-capacity power battery packs, and the entire vehicle has multiple high-voltage main circuits and branch circuits to supply power to high-voltage loads such as drive motors, vehicle air conditioning, hydraulic power steering systems, and external charging systems. The high-voltage circuits are numerous, the wiring is scattered, and the operating conditions are complex. High-voltage safety is the core guarantee for the operation of the entire vehicle. At present, the mainstream high-voltage monitoring and protection devices in the industry have achieved basic voltage and current monitoring and single circuit breaker protection. However, in the complex application scenarios of multiple circuits in pure electric commercial vehicles, existing technologies still have several prominent defects.

[0003] For example, Chinese patent (publication number: CN105150854B) discloses a high-voltage safety protection system for electric vehicles, including a high-voltage acquisition unit, a central controller, and a high-voltage circuit breaker unit. The high-voltage acquisition unit is installed on the high-voltage main circuit to collect the voltage and current parameters of the main circuit. The central controller controls the on / off state of the high-voltage circuit breaker unit according to the collected parameters to achieve overvoltage and overcurrent protection. However, this technical solution is mainly designed for pure electric passenger vehicles and is not adapted to the characteristics of pure electric commercial vehicles, such as multiple high-voltage circuits, high load, and long operating time, and has the following shortcomings:

[0004] High-voltage monitoring has limited coverage and many blind spots, and the parameter acquisition dimensions are limited: The comparative patent adopts a centralized acquisition structure, setting up only one set of acquisition points in the high-voltage main circuit, without deploying acquisition structures on each high-voltage branch circuit. The number of high-voltage branch circuits in pure electric commercial vehicles is usually 3-5 times that of passenger vehicles, and they are distributed in different positions on the vehicle frame. Centralized acquisition cannot obtain the operating parameters of a single branch circuit. At the same time, the device only collects two basic parameters, voltage and current, and lacks circuit insulation status monitoring. When a branch circuit has hidden faults such as local leakage, slight overload, and insulation degradation, centralized acquisition cannot capture abnormal data. Faults are prone to long-term latency and gradual deterioration until they cause obvious faults before they are discovered, making it difficult to make early predictions and resulting in insufficient overall monitoring comprehensiveness.

[0005] The fault diagnosis logic is simplistic and cannot perform fault classification, severity grading, or precise source tracing: This comparative patent only sets a simple threshold comparison logic. When the collected parameters exceed the preset threshold, it is directly judged as a fault without distinguishing the fault type or classifying the severity level. Commercial vehicle high-voltage faults include various types such as minor insulation degradation, local overload, circuit short circuit, and cable aging and leakage. The degree of danger and handling methods for different types of faults vary greatly. At the same time, the device lacks fault source tracing function. It can only know that the high voltage of the whole vehicle is abnormal, but cannot locate the specific fault branch. When maintenance personnel check the fault, they need to disassemble the line section by section for testing, which is inefficient and prone to misjudgment and omission. The level of intelligence in fault diagnosis is insufficient.

[0006] The protection action mode is singular and lacks a graded handling mechanism, which can easily lead to overprotection or underprotection: The comparative patent only sets up a single vehicle main high-voltage circuit breaker unit and adopts a "one-size-fits-all" protection logic. As long as abnormal parameters are detected, the vehicle's main high-voltage circuit is directly cut off. For low-risk faults such as minor insulation abnormalities and short-term small overloads, directly cutting off the vehicle's high voltage will cause the commercial vehicle to stop midway, affecting normal operations such as cargo transportation and factory transfers, which is an overprotection. For high-risk and serious faults such as branch short circuits and high-voltage breakdowns, if only a single circuit breaker structure is used, it is not possible to quickly isolate the faulty branch. The fault will spread along the high-voltage circuit to other normal branches, causing multi-circuit cascading faults, and even damaging the power battery and high-voltage electrical components, which poses a significant safety hazard. The protection action is not flexible or targeted enough.

[0007] The integration of functional components is low, the linkage is poor, and the early warning and protection are not synchronized: The monitoring, judgment and protection components of the comparative patent are independent and separate structures, without a dedicated vehicle early warning unit. The components use point-to-point communication, the communication protocol is not uniform, and there is a delay in data transmission. The abnormal data collected by the monitoring module cannot be synchronized to the central controller in real time, and the fault commands output by the central controller cannot be quickly transmitted to the protection structure. The driver cannot know the fault type and fault location in time, and can only perceive the fault when the vehicle suddenly loses power. The linkage between components is disconnected, and there is a significant time difference from the occurrence of fault, data collection, logical judgment to the completion of protection action. The fault response is lagging, which further amplifies the high voltage safety risk. At the same time, the split structure has complicated wiring, occupies the vehicle installation space, and has high assembly and later maintenance difficulty.

[0008] Therefore, a high-voltage multi-circuit monitoring and fault protection system for pure electric commercial vehicles is needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-voltage multi-circuit monitoring and fault protection system for pure electric commercial vehicles to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0011] A high-voltage multi-circuit monitoring and fault protection system for pure electric commercial vehicles includes a distributed high-voltage acquisition module, a hierarchical logic analysis module, and a linkage-based hierarchical protection execution module. The distributed high-voltage acquisition module is communicatively connected to the hierarchical logic analysis module, and the hierarchical logic analysis module and the linkage-based hierarchical protection execution module are electrically and communicatively connected. The distributed high-voltage acquisition module is deployed on each high-voltage branch circuit of the pure electric commercial vehicle and includes a multi-channel acquisition unit and a signal integration unit. The multi-channel acquisition unit corresponds to different high-voltage circuits, and the signal integration unit summarizes the acquired data and transmits it externally. The hierarchical logic analysis module has a built-in fault classification unit, a level determination unit, and a source tracing and positioning unit. The linkage-based hierarchical protection execution module includes a multi-level circuit breaking unit, a circuit isolation unit, and a vehicle early warning unit. The multi-level circuit breaking unit and the circuit isolation unit correspond to each high-voltage circuit, and the vehicle early warning unit is connected to the vehicle's on-board terminal.

[0012] By constructing a three-tiered progressive architecture of "collection-analysis-execution", the functions of data collection, logical analysis and action execution are modularly separated. Each module works in concert, which can cover the monitoring needs of most high-voltage circuits. At the same time, it can realize the hierarchical handling of faults, effectively balance the continuity of vehicle operation and high-voltage safety, and adapt to the diverse operating conditions of commercial vehicles. It solves the problem that the comparative patent is only designed for passenger cars and cannot adapt to the multi-circuit characteristics of commercial vehicles, thus improving the overall reliability and practicality of the system.

[0013] In a further technical solution, the multi-channel acquisition unit includes a voltage acquisition subunit, a current acquisition subunit, and an insulation detection subunit. The voltage acquisition subunit, current acquisition subunit, and insulation detection subunit are arranged in parallel in the corresponding high-voltage circuit. The output terminals of the voltage acquisition subunit, current acquisition subunit, and insulation detection subunit are uniformly connected to the signal integration unit.

[0014] By adding three different types of acquisition sub-units, the three core parameters of the high-voltage circuit—voltage, current, and insulation status—can be acquired simultaneously, enriching the acquisition dimensions. The parallel arrangement structure will not affect the normal operation of the original high-voltage circuit, and each sub-unit works independently. The failure of a single sub-unit will not cause the overall acquisition function to fail. This solves the problem of the comparative patent, which only collects two parameters—voltage and current—and lacks insulation monitoring, improving the comprehensiveness and stability of data acquisition and providing multi-dimensional data support for subsequent fault analysis.

[0015] In a further technical solution, the input end of the fault classification unit is connected to the signal integration unit, and the output end of the fault classification unit is connected to the level determination unit and the source tracing and positioning unit in sequence. The source tracing and positioning unit simultaneously transmits control commands to the multi-level circuit breaking unit and the loop isolation unit.

[0016] By setting up three types of analysis sub-units in series, a complete analysis process of "classification-grading-source tracing" is formed. The collected abnormal data can be analyzed step by step. First, the fault type is distinguished, then the danger level is determined, and finally the fault location is located. The output control command includes complete fault information, making subsequent protection actions more targeted. This solves the problem of simple threshold judgment, lack of classification and source tracing in the comparison patent, and effectively reduces the occurrence of misjudgment and missed judgment.

[0017] In a further technical solution, the multi-stage circuit breaker unit includes a primary circuit breaker assembly, a secondary circuit breaker assembly, and a tertiary circuit breaker assembly, wherein the primary circuit breaker assembly, the secondary circuit breaker assembly, and the tertiary circuit breaker assembly are sequentially upgraded, and the primary circuit breaker assembly, the secondary circuit breaker assembly, and the tertiary circuit breaker assembly are connected in series on the corresponding high-voltage main circuit and branch circuit, respectively.

[0018] By setting up three different levels of circuit breaker components, each corresponding to a fault of different hazard level, the circuit breaker action can be executed in stages. The circuit breaker components of different levels are connected in series on the high-voltage circuit at different locations, which can realize the step-by-step disconnection from the local branch circuit to the whole vehicle circuit, avoiding protection failure caused by the failure of a single circuit breaker structure. This solves the problem of the comparative patent which only sets up a single total high-voltage circuit breaker unit, and improves the redundancy and reliability of the protection system.

[0019] In a further technical solution, the circuit isolation unit is a multi-channel independent isolation component, with each isolation component corresponding to one high-voltage branch circuit. The controlled end of the isolation component is connected to a hierarchical logic judgment module, and the action end is connected in series in the corresponding high-voltage circuit line.

[0020] By setting up multiple independent isolation components, a single faulty branch can be isolated independently without cutting off other normally operating high-voltage circuits. While ensuring high-voltage safety, the basic operational capability of the vehicle is preserved to the greatest extent, reducing the impact of the fault on vehicle operation. At the same time, it can prevent the fault from spreading to other normal circuits, reducing the probability of secondary faults and making up for the shortcomings of the comparative patent that cannot isolate faulty branches.

[0021] In a further technical solution, the vehicle warning unit includes an audio-visual prompt subunit and an instrument push subunit. The audio-visual prompt subunit and the instrument push subunit are interconnected and both receive warning instructions from the hierarchical logic judgment module.

[0022] By setting up a dual warning structure, the audible and visual warning subunit can quickly remind the driver of vehicle malfunctions through auditory and visual signals, while the instrument panel push subunit can display detailed fault types, fault locations, and handling suggestions on the vehicle instrument panel, helping the driver to quickly understand the fault situation and take the correct countermeasures. This solves the problem of the comparative patent not having a dedicated warning unit and the driver not being able to know the fault information in a timely manner, thus improving the effectiveness and practicality of the warning.

[0023] A further technical solution is that the insulation detection subunit adopts a non-contact detection structure, which is arranged to fit the outside of the high-voltage circuit cable without damaging the original high-voltage circuit line structure.

[0024] The non-contact insulation detection structure eliminates the need to connect the detection device in series or parallel to the high-voltage circuit, thus preserving the electrical characteristics of the original high-voltage circuit. Installation and maintenance do not require power disconnection or disassembly of the high-voltage line, making operation convenient and highly safe. Furthermore, the non-contact structure is less susceptible to electromagnetic interference from the high-voltage circuit, resulting in better stability of the detection results and making it suitable for the complex electromagnetic environment of commercial vehicles.

[0025] A further technical solution is that the source tracing and positioning unit has a built-in loop address coding library, which is matched one-to-one with the acquisition addresses of the multi-channel acquisition unit to realize fault loop positioning;

[0026] With a built-in address code library that corresponds one-to-one with the acquisition unit, the specific high-voltage circuit can be quickly matched according to the acquisition address corresponding to the abnormal data. There is no need to deploy additional positioning lines. The structure is simple and the positioning accuracy is high. Maintenance personnel can directly repair the faulty branch based on the positioning results without having to check the line segment by segment, which greatly shortens the fault diagnosis time and improves maintenance efficiency.

[0027] In a further technical solution, the first-level circuit breaker component corresponds to the low-voltage early warning level fault action, the second-level circuit breaker component corresponds to the medium-level fault partial circuit breaker action, and the third-level circuit breaker component corresponds to the severe fault whole vehicle high-voltage cut-off action.

[0028] By clearly defining the fault levels corresponding to each level of circuit breaker components, the protection actions are matched with the degree of fault danger. Low-level faults only trigger warnings or partial circuit breaks, avoiding over-protection that could affect vehicle operation; high-level faults trigger the entire vehicle's high-voltage cutoff, maximizing the safety of personnel and vehicles, and achieving differentiated and precise protection actions, thus solving the drawbacks of the "one-size-fits-all" protection of the comparative patent.

[0029] In a further technical solution, the distributed high-voltage acquisition module, the hierarchical logic judgment module, and the linkage hierarchical protection execution module all communicate with each other through the vehicle CAN bus, and the power supply terminals of the distributed high-voltage acquisition module, the hierarchical logic judgment module, and the linkage hierarchical protection execution module are all connected to the vehicle's low-voltage power supply circuit.

[0030] It adopts the industry-standard vehicle CAN bus for communication, with a unified communication protocol, good real-time data transmission performance, and strong anti-interference capability. All modules are powered by the vehicle's low-voltage power supply circuit, eliminating the need for separate power supply lines, simplifying the vehicle's wiring structure, reducing the difficulty of assembly and subsequent maintenance, and improving the system's compatibility and versatility. It also solves the problem of poor point-to-point communication linkage in the comparison patent.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0032] This invention adopts a distributed high-voltage acquisition architecture, deploying acquisition units in each high-voltage branch circuit. Combined with multi-dimensional parameter acquisition, it effectively reduces monitoring blind spots, can identify most hidden faults in advance, solves the problem of insufficient coverage of centralized acquisition in the comparison patent, and improves the comprehensiveness and reliability of basic monitoring.

[0033] This invention sets up a hierarchical logic judgment module to realize automatic fault classification, level determination and accurate source tracing, improve the problem of insufficient accuracy of traditional judgment logic, reduce the difficulty and time consumption of fault diagnosis, solve the problem of no classification and no source tracing in the comparison patent, and improve the intelligence level of the system.

[0034] This invention employs a linkage-based hierarchical protection mechanism, which outputs differentiated protection actions based on the fault level, balancing vehicle operating efficiency and high-voltage safety while isolating faulty branches and reducing the risk of fault propagation. This overcomes the shortcomings of the single protection mode of the comparative patent.

[0035] In this invention, all modules communicate uniformly via the vehicle-mounted CAN bus, resulting in good real-time data transmission. Early warning and protection actions respond synchronously. The modular integrated design simplifies the wiring structure, reduces assembly and subsequent maintenance difficulty, and solves the problem of poor interoperability of components compared to patented components.

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the structural features and effects of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the overall architecture of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of the architecture of the distributed high-voltage acquisition module of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is an architectural block diagram of the hierarchical logic judgment module of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a block diagram of the architecture of the linkage hierarchical protection execution module of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a block diagram of the architecture of the multi-channel acquisition unit of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a block diagram of the architecture of the multi-level circuit breaker unit of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a block diagram of the vehicle early warning unit of the present invention.

[0044] In the diagram: 1. Distributed high-voltage acquisition module; 11. Multi-channel acquisition unit; 111. Voltage acquisition sub-unit; 112. Current acquisition sub-unit; 113. Insulation detection sub-unit; 12. Signal integration unit; 2. Hierarchical logic analysis module; 21. Fault classification unit; 22. Level determination unit; 23. Source tracing and positioning unit; 3. Linked hierarchical protection execution module; 31. Multi-level circuit breaking unit; 311. First-level circuit breaking component; 312. Second-level circuit breaking component; 313. Third-level circuit breaking component; 32. Circuit isolation unit; 33. Vehicle early warning unit; 331. Audible and visual prompt sub-unit; 332. Instrument push sub-unit. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0046] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0047] Example 1: Basic Global Monitoring

[0048] like Figures 1-7 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a high-voltage multi-circuit monitoring and fault protection system for pure electric commercial vehicles, including a distributed high-voltage acquisition module 1, a hierarchical logic analysis module 2, and a linkage hierarchical protection execution module 3.

[0049] The distributed high-voltage acquisition module 1 is deployed on each high-voltage branch circuit of the pure electric commercial vehicle, including a multi-channel acquisition unit 11 and a signal integration unit 12. The multi-channel acquisition unit 11 includes a voltage acquisition subunit 111, a current acquisition subunit 112, and an insulation detection subunit 113. The voltage acquisition subunit 111 uses a Hall voltage sensor, the current acquisition subunit 112 uses a Hall current sensor, and the insulation detection subunit 113 uses a non-contact insulation monitor. The voltage acquisition subunit 111, the current acquisition subunit 112, and the insulation detection subunit 113 are arranged in parallel in the corresponding high-voltage circuit, and the output of each subunit is uniformly connected to the signal integration unit 12. The insulation detection subunit 113 is arranged close to the outside of the high-voltage circuit cable without damaging the original high-voltage circuit line structure.

[0050] The distributed high-voltage acquisition module 1, the hierarchical logic analysis module 2, and the linkage hierarchical protection execution module 3 all communicate with each other through the vehicle CAN bus, and the power supply terminals of each module are uniformly connected to the vehicle's low-voltage power supply circuit.

[0051] Working process: After the vehicle is powered on, the multi-channel acquisition unit 11 starts synchronously. The voltage acquisition subunit 111 acquires the high voltage value of the corresponding circuit in real time, the current acquisition subunit 112 acquires the working current value of the circuit in real time, and the non-contact insulation detection subunit 113 detects the insulation status between the high voltage cable and the vehicle body ground online. All the acquired raw electrical parameters and insulation data are transmitted to the signal integration unit 12 in real time. After the signal integration unit 12 packages, encodes and sorts the multi-channel data, it continuously sends it to the back-end hierarchical logic judgment module 2 through the vehicle CAN bus.

[0052] Functionality: Enables the synchronous acquisition of most high-voltage circuits and multi-dimensional parameters of pure electric commercial vehicles, while simultaneously completing the standardized integration and remote transmission of the acquired data.

[0053] Effects: Effectively overcomes the limitations of centralized data acquisition compared to other patents, reduces blind spots in branch circuit monitoring, can capture latent faults such as minor overloads and slow insulation degradation in real time, enabling early fault detection and early warning, improving the operational safety of high-voltage systems from a fundamental level, and adapting to the layout characteristics of multi-branch high-voltage circuits in commercial vehicles.

[0054] Example 2: Fault Diagnosis and Source Tracing

[0055] This embodiment further refines the structure and function of the hierarchical logic judgment module 2 based on embodiment 1.

[0056] The hierarchical logic analysis module 2 is integrated inside the vehicle's high-voltage controller, and includes a fault classification unit 21, a level determination unit 22, and a source tracing and positioning unit 23. The input of the fault classification unit 21 is connected to the signal integration unit 12 via the vehicle's CAN bus, and the output of the fault classification unit 21 is connected to the level determination unit 22 and the source tracing and positioning unit 23 in sequence. The source tracing and positioning unit 23 has a built-in loop address encoding library, which is matched one-to-one with the acquisition addresses of the multi-channel acquisition unit 11. The source tracing and positioning unit 23 also transmits control commands to the multi-level circuit breaker unit 31 and the loop isolation unit 32 via the vehicle's CAN bus.

[0057] Working process: The hierarchical logic analysis module 2 continuously receives integrated data transmitted from the distributed high-voltage acquisition module 1; firstly, the fault classification unit 21 compares the real-time parameters with the preset standard data to distinguish the fault types, which are divided into four categories: insulation abnormality, current overload, voltage abnormality, and circuit short circuit; then the data enters the level determination unit 22, which classifies the fault level based on the parameter deviation: Level 1 (minor fault), Level 2 (moderate fault), and Level 3 (serious fault); finally, the source tracing and positioning unit 23 retrieves the built-in address encoding library, matches the specific high-voltage branch where the fault occurred based on the acquisition address corresponding to the data, and simultaneously sends three sets of instructions—fault type, fault level, and fault location—to the linkage hierarchical protection execution module 3.

[0058] Functionality: Automatically classifies high-voltage faults, determines their hazard level, and locates fault circuits. Simultaneously, it transforms the assessment results into standardized control commands and transmits them to downstream protection modules, establishing a data link of "acquisition-assessment".

[0059] The benefits include: solving the problems of simple threshold judgment and lack of classification and traceability in the comparison patent, reducing the occurrence of fault misjudgment and missed judgment; maintenance personnel can directly inspect the fault location based on the location results, reducing the difficulty and time of fault diagnosis, providing accurate instruction basis for subsequent hierarchical protection actions, and improving the intelligence level of the whole system.

[0060] Example 3: Graded Protection and Vehicle Early Warning

[0061] This embodiment integrates all the structures of the previous two embodiments and further refines the structure and function of the linkage hierarchical protection execution module 3.

[0062] The linkage-type hierarchical protection execution module 3 includes a multi-level circuit breaker unit 31, a circuit isolation unit 32, and a vehicle early warning unit 33. The multi-level circuit breaker unit 31 includes a first-level circuit breaker component 311, a second-level circuit breaker component 312, and a third-level circuit breaker component 313. The three-level circuit breaker components are progressively higher in level. Each circuit breaker component uses a high-voltage DC contactor and is connected in series with the high-voltage branch circuit, the high-voltage main circuit, and the vehicle's total high-voltage circuit. Among them, the first-level circuit breaker component 311 corresponds to the low-voltage early warning level fault action, the second-level circuit breaker component 312 corresponds to the partial circuit breaker action for moderate faults, and the third-level circuit breaker component 313 corresponds to the vehicle's high-voltage cutoff action for severe faults.

[0063] The circuit isolation unit 32 is a multi-channel independent isolation component, which adopts a high-voltage disconnect switch. Each isolation component corresponds to one high-voltage branch circuit. The controlled end of the isolation component is connected to the hierarchical logic judgment module 2 through the vehicle CAN bus, and the action end is connected in series in the corresponding high-voltage circuit line.

[0064] The vehicle warning unit 33 includes an audible and visual warning subunit 331 and an instrument push subunit 332. The audible and visual warning subunit 331 adopts an in-vehicle audible and visual alarm, and the instrument push subunit 332 is integrated into the vehicle's instrument cluster. The audible and visual warning subunit 331 and the instrument push subunit 332 are interconnected and both receive warning commands from the hierarchical logic judgment module 2 through the in-vehicle CAN bus.

[0065] Working process and usage scenarios:

[0066] Scenario 1: Low-speed transfer within the factory area

[0067] The pure electric sanitation vehicle frequently travels at low speeds and starts and stops within the factory area, resulting in significant dynamic changes in the high-voltage load. The distributed high-voltage acquisition module 1 collects parameters of each branch in real time. When a slight first-level insulation drop (first-level fault) occurs in the high-voltage branch of the vehicle's air conditioning system, the hierarchical logic judgment module 2 determines the fault type and level and locates the faulty branch. After the command is issued, the first-level circuit breaker component 311 remains closed, the circuit isolation unit 32 does not activate, only the vehicle warning unit 33 is activated, the audible and visual prompt subunit 331 emits a low-frequency prompt sound, and the instrument push subunit 332 displays the fault location and fault type on the vehicle's instrument panel, reminding the driver to perform subsequent maintenance. The high-voltage circuit of the entire vehicle continues to operate normally.

[0068] Scenario 2: Long-distance trunk transportation scenario

[0069] When a pure electric heavy-duty truck travels long distances on the highway, the high-voltage system operates under continuous high load. When a secondary medium current overload (secondary fault) occurs in the high-voltage branch of the drive motor: after the judgment module determines the level and locates the faulty branch, the corresponding branch's circuit isolation unit 32 activates to isolate the faulty branch circuit separately, and the secondary circuit breaking component 312 disconnects the local circuit; the vehicle warning unit 33 issues a high-frequency audible and visual alarm, and the instrument panel brightens to indicate the fault information; the main high-voltage circuit remains conductive, and the vehicle can be driven at low speed to the nearest repair point; when a tertiary circuit short circuit (tertiary severe fault) occurs: the tertiary circuit breaking component 313 immediately cuts off the vehicle's main high-voltage circuit, all circuit isolation units 32 activate synchronously to isolate all high-voltage lines, and the warning unit continuously issues a high-intensity alarm.

[0070] Functionality: Based on the fault level and location, it performs three types of coordinated actions: graded circuit breaker, branch circuit isolation, and vehicle-wide warning. It outputs differentiated protection strategies for faults of different hazard levels and pushes fault information to the driver in real time, completing the closed-loop process of "collection-analysis-protection-early warning".

[0071] The benefits include: improving upon the shortcomings of the single circuit breaker protection mode of the patented system; low-level faults only provide warnings without stopping the vehicle, ensuring normal operation; medium-level faults isolate branch circuits and provide local protection, reducing the risk of fault propagation; high-level faults cut off the high voltage of the entire vehicle, reducing the probability of high-voltage safety accidents; full-module bus linkage ensures rapid response and timely warnings, balancing operational efficiency and high-voltage safety; the modular structure simplifies wiring, making assembly and subsequent maintenance more convenient.

[0072] The circuits, electronic components, and modules involved are all existing technologies, which can be fully implemented by those skilled in the art, and need not be elaborated upon. The content protected by this invention does not involve any improvement to the software and methods.

[0073] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-voltage multi-circuit monitoring and fault protection system for pure electric commercial vehicles, characterized in that, The system includes a distributed high-voltage acquisition module (1), a hierarchical logic analysis module (2), and a linkage hierarchical protection execution module (3). The distributed high-voltage acquisition module (1) is connected to the hierarchical logic analysis module (2), and there is an electrical connection and a communication connection between the hierarchical logic analysis module (2) and the linkage hierarchical protection execution module (3). The distributed high-voltage acquisition module (1) is deployed on each high-voltage branch circuit of the pure electric commercial vehicle. It includes a multi-channel acquisition unit (11) and a signal integration unit (12). The multi-channel acquisition unit (11) corresponds to different high-voltage circuits, and the signal integration unit (12) summarizes the acquired data and transmits it to the outside. The hierarchical logic analysis module (2) has a built-in fault classification unit (21), a level determination unit (22), and a source tracing and positioning unit (23). The linkage hierarchical protection execution module (3) includes a multi-level circuit breaking unit (31), a circuit isolation unit (32), and a vehicle early warning unit (33). The multi-level circuit breaking unit (31) and the circuit isolation unit (32) correspond to each high-voltage circuit, and the vehicle early warning unit (33) is connected to the vehicle terminal.

2. The high-voltage multi-circuit monitoring and fault protection system for pure electric commercial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-channel acquisition unit (11) includes a voltage acquisition subunit (111), a current acquisition subunit (112), and an insulation detection subunit (113). The voltage acquisition subunit (111), the current acquisition subunit (112), and the insulation detection subunit (113) are arranged in parallel in the corresponding high-voltage circuit. The output terminals of the voltage acquisition subunit (111), the current acquisition subunit (112), and the insulation detection subunit (113) are all connected to the signal integration unit (12).

3. The high-voltage multi-circuit monitoring and fault protection system for pure electric commercial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The input end of the fault classification unit (21) is connected to the signal integration unit (12), and the output end of the fault classification unit (21) is connected to the level determination unit (22) and the source tracing and positioning unit (23) in sequence. The source tracing and positioning unit (23) transmits control commands to the multi-level circuit breaker unit (31) and the loop isolation unit (32) at the same time.

4. The high-voltage multi-circuit monitoring and fault protection system for pure electric commercial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-level circuit breaker unit (31) includes a primary circuit breaker assembly (311), a secondary circuit breaker assembly (312), and a tertiary circuit breaker assembly (313). The primary circuit breaker assembly (311), the secondary circuit breaker assembly (312), and the tertiary circuit breaker assembly (313) are arranged in ascending order of level. The primary circuit breaker assembly (311), the secondary circuit breaker assembly (312), and the tertiary circuit breaker assembly (313) are connected in series on the corresponding high-voltage main circuit and branch circuit, respectively.

5. The high-voltage multi-circuit monitoring and fault protection system for pure electric commercial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circuit isolation unit (32) is a multi-path independent isolation component. Each isolation component corresponds to one high-voltage branch circuit. The controlled end of the isolation component is connected to the hierarchical logic judgment module (2), and the action end is connected in series in the corresponding high-voltage circuit line.

6. The high-voltage multi-circuit monitoring and fault protection system for pure electric commercial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle warning unit (33) includes an audio-visual prompt subunit (331) and an instrument push subunit (332). The audio-visual prompt subunit (331) and the instrument push subunit (332) are interconnected and both receive warning instructions from the hierarchical logic judgment module (2).

7. The high-voltage multi-circuit monitoring and fault protection system for pure electric commercial vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that, The insulation detection subunit (113) adopts a non-contact detection structure. The non-contact detection structure is arranged in close contact with the outside of the high-voltage circuit cable, without damaging the original high-voltage circuit line structure.

8. The high-voltage multi-circuit monitoring and fault protection system for pure electric commercial vehicles according to claim 3, characterized in that, The source tracing and positioning unit (23) has a built-in loop address coding library, which is matched one-to-one with the acquisition address of the multi-channel acquisition unit (11) to realize the location of the fault loop.

9. A high-voltage multi-circuit monitoring and fault protection system for pure electric commercial vehicles according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first-level circuit breaker (311) corresponds to the low-voltage warning level fault action, the second-level circuit breaker (312) corresponds to the medium-level fault partial circuit breaker action, and the third-level circuit breaker (313) corresponds to the severe fault whole vehicle high-voltage cut-off action.

10. A high-voltage multi-circuit monitoring and fault protection system for pure electric commercial vehicles according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The distributed high voltage acquisition module (1), the hierarchical logic judgment module (2) and the linkage hierarchical protection execution module (3) all communicate with each other through the vehicle CAN bus. The power supply terminals of the distributed high voltage acquisition module (1), the hierarchical logic judgment module (2) and the linkage hierarchical protection execution module (3) are all connected to the vehicle's low voltage power supply circuit.

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