A method of installing a screw anchor adapted for deep water environments

Abstract

The application discloses a spiral anchor installation method suitable for deep water environment, which comprises the following steps: step 1: lowering a carrier and penetrating into a target depth of a seabed, and embedding a wing plate on the carrier into soil of the seabed; step 2: hoisting a spiral anchor to the carrier, correcting and maintaining the spiral anchor in a vertical posture through a deviation correction collar, then pressing the spiral anchor into the soil of the seabed until the spiral anchor is stably erected in the seabed, and then removing the deviation correction collar; and step 3: hoisting a hydraulic rotary knob machine to the carrier through a lifting device, and installing the hydraulic rotary knob machine on an anchor rod of the spiral anchor, and driving the spiral anchor to rotate and penetrate into the seabed through the hydraulic rotary knob machine until the spiral anchor reaches the target depth, and then removing the hydraulic rotary knob machine. The spiral anchor can be installed at a target position of the seabed in a vertical posture and can provide a great torque, and the horizontal bearing capacity is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of spiral anchor technology, specifically a spiral anchor installation method adapted to deep-water environments. Background Technology

[0002] A helical anchor is an emerging type of anchoring foundation, comprising an anchor bolt and one or more helical discs mounted on the bolt to penetrate clay or sandy seabed through rotational cutting. However, installing existing helical anchors in deep-water environments presents several challenges: 1. In deep water environments, due to the influence of water flow, waves and low visibility, it is difficult for the helical anchor to maintain a stable vertical posture during installation, thus making it impossible to accurately install the helical anchor at the target location on the seabed.

[0003] 2. Installing a helical anchor requires an enormous torque to drive it into the seabed. Current technology often cannot provide this torque, thus failing to drive the helical anchor into the target location on the seabed. For example, with an anchor bolt diameter of 1 meter, an anchor disc diameter of 4 meters, and a penetration depth of 40 meters into medium-dense sand, the required installation torque is approximately 11 meganewton-meters, and the downforce is approximately 500 tons. For installations of larger sizes and depths, the torque requirement can reach tens of meganewton-meters.

[0004] 3. Existing helical anchors have insufficient horizontal load-bearing capacity, limiting their reliability under complex multi-directional loads. The design of existing helical anchors is primarily aimed at tensile (vertical) load-bearing capacity; however, for floating structure mooring systems that generate significant horizontal loads, existing helical anchors often fail to meet the requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a spiral anchor installation method adapted to deep-water environments, which can solve the problems described in the background art.

[0006] The technical solution for achieving the objective of this invention is as follows: A method for installing a spiral anchor adapted to deep-water environments includes the following steps: Step 1: Lower the carrier to the target depth into the seabed, with the wing plates on the carrier embedded in the soil of the seabed; Step 2: Hoist the helical anchor onto the carrier, use the correction collar to correct and maintain the helical anchor in a vertical position, then press the helical anchor into the seabed soil until the helical anchor is firmly erected in the seabed, and then remove the correction collar; Step 3: Use a lifting device to lift the hydraulic knob machine onto the carrier and install it on the anchor bolt of the helical anchor. Drive the helical anchor to rotate and penetrate the seabed through the hydraulic knob machine until the helical anchor reaches the target depth. Then, remove the hydraulic knob machine.

[0007] Furthermore, the carrier is a reaction cylinder or a suction cylinder.

[0008] Furthermore, when the carrier is a reaction cylinder, after step 3, the process also includes: Step 4: Determine whether the reaction cylinder needs to be left on the seabed. If yes, proceed to steps 5-7; otherwise, proceed to step 8. Step 5: Remove the soil from the inside of the reaction cylinder; Step 6: Place several anchor plates into the inner cavity of the reaction cylinder in sequence, and put each anchor plate on the anchor rod of the spiral anchor in the order from bottom to top. Each anchor plate is lowered to the designed target height position. Step 7: Pour concrete into the space between the anchor rod and the anchor plate of the helical anchor through the conduit to form a concrete layer; Step 8: The airbag generates buoyancy, which is used to lift the reaction cylinder from the seabed and raise it to the surface, completing the recovery of the reaction cylinder.

[0009] Furthermore, when the carrier is a reaction cylinder, placing the helical anchor onto the carrier means placing the helical anchor into the inner cavity of the reaction cylinder. When the carrier is a suction cylinder, including two suction cylinders, placing the spiral anchor onto the carrier means placing the spiral anchor between the two suction cylinders. The process involves first connecting two suction cylinders together with a connecting rod, then lowering the suction cylinders to the target depth on the seabed, removing the connecting rod, and finally placing the helical anchor between the two suction cylinders.

[0010] Furthermore, in step 1, positioning technology is used to move the installation vessel to the target location, and then a lifting device is connected to the crane on the installation vessel to vertically lower the carrier to the seabed. When the carrier is a reaction cylinder, a vibratory hammer or impact hammer is then used to penetrate the reaction cylinder vertically to the target depth on the seabed, causing the flanges on the reaction cylinder to embed into the soil. When the carrier is a suction cylinder, the gas inside the suction cylinder is extracted and the suction cylinder is driven vertically into the target depth of the seabed, so that the wing plates on the suction cylinder are embedded in the soil.

[0011] Furthermore, in step 2, the correction collar is fitted onto the anchor rod of the helical anchor, and the collar rod is embedded in the guide groove of the reaction cylinder.

[0012] Furthermore, in step 3, during the installation of the hydraulic knob machine on the anchor rod of the auger anchor, the positioning rod of the hydraulic knob machine is embedded in the guide groove, the main body of the knob machine is sleeved on the anchor rod of the auger anchor, and under pressure, the main body of the knob machine is tightly connected to the anchor rod of the auger anchor, so that the huge torque output by the hydraulic knob machine drives the auger anchor to rotate. The hydraulic knob machine is then removed by lifting it out.

[0013] Furthermore, in step 5, when the carrier is a reaction cylinder, the soil inside the reaction cylinder is removed by a pumping device.

[0014] Furthermore, in step 6, when the anchor plate falls to its target height, the locking core on the anchor plate presses against the locking block of the spring core on the anchor rod of the spiral anchor. The locking block compresses the spring, causing the locking block to retract inward, thereby allowing the anchor plate to pass over the spring core. Once the anchor plate's locking core has completely crossed the spring core, the spring core's spring returns to its original position, the locking block pops out again and is positioned above the anchor plate, locking the locking block in place. The bottom of the chute then supports the anchor plate from below, placing the anchor plate between the spring core and the bottom of the chute.

[0015] Furthermore, in step 8, the airbag in a non-gas-contracted state is suspended above the reaction cylinder, and the airbag is connected to the reaction cylinder by a steel wire rope. Then, gas is injected into the airbag through the trachea, the airbag expands and generates upward buoyancy, and by controlling the gas filling rate and the gas exhaust rate in the airbag, the reaction cylinder is lifted to the sea surface, and finally the reaction cylinder is recovered by the installation vessel.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention can ensure that the helical anchor is in a vertical position and can provide huge torque, thereby achieving precise installation of the helical anchor at the target position on the seabed and improving the horizontal bearing capacity. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a top view of the reaction cylinder and wing plate being assembled together, one of the connection methods between the reaction cylinder and the wing plate. Figure 2 A top view of the reaction cylinder and wing plate being assembled together in a detachable connection. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the reaction cylinder sinking into the seabed; Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the correction collar installed in the inner cavity of the helical anchor and the reaction cylinder lowered by the helical anchor; Figure 5 Top view of the correction collar; Figure 6 This is a top view of the anchor plate; Figure 7A schematic diagram showing an anchor plate fitted onto a spiral anchor and penetrating into the concrete to form a concrete layer. Figure 8 A schematic diagram of setting a spring core on a spiral anchor; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly between the slide and the elastic element; Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the airbag lifting reaction cylinder; Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a hydraulic knob mounted on a spiral anchor; Figure 12 This is a flowchart illustrating the spiral anchor installation method of Example 1; Figure 13 This is a top view of the suction cylinder; Figure 14 A top view showing the connecting rod linking the two suction cylinders together; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram showing the simultaneous lowering of two suction cylinders to the seabed. Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram showing the spiral anchor being lowered between the two suction cylinders; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram showing the hydraulic knob being lowered between two suction cylinders; Figure 18 This is a flowchart illustrating the method of Example 2; In the diagram, 1-reaction cylinder, 101-wing plate, 1011-T-shaped joint, 102-guide groove, 103-groove, 2-seabed, 3-spiral anchor, 4-correction collar, 401-sleeve rod, 402-collar ring, 5-hydraulic knob machine, 501-positioning rod, 502-hydraulic oil pipe, 503-knob machine body, 6-lifting tool, 7-concrete layer, 8-airbag, 801-air pipe, 802-wire rope, 9-anchor plate, 901-core clip, 902-plate body, 903-through hole, 10-slide groove, 11-spring core, 1101-spring, 1102-slide cylinder, 12-suction cylinder, 13-connecting rod. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments: Example 1 like Figures 1-11As shown, a method for installing a helical anchor adapted to deep-water environments is applied to a helical anchor device adapted to deep-water environments. The helical anchor device includes a reaction cylinder 1, a helical anchor 3, a correction collar 4, a hydraulic knob 5, a lifting device 6, an airbag 8, and several anchor plates 9. The outer wall of the reaction cylinder 1 is provided with several wing plates 101, which protrude from the reaction cylinder 1, that is, the wing plates 101 extend outwards in a direction away from the reaction cylinder 1. The wing plates 101 are evenly spaced along the circumference of the reaction cylinder 1. The inner wall of the reaction cylinder 1 is provided with at least two guide grooves 102, which are also evenly spaced along the circumference of the reaction cylinder 1. The reaction cylinder 1 includes an inner cavity, and the size of the helical anchor 3 is smaller than the size of the inner cavity, so that the helical anchor 3 can be inserted into the inner cavity of the reaction cylinder 1, that is, the helical anchor 3 can be placed into the inner cavity and then driven into the seabed 2.

[0019] In order to avoid the reaction cylinder 1 being difficult to penetrate into the seabed to the predetermined depth due to its large size or heavy weight, the wing plate 101 and the reaction cylinder 1 are detachably connected so that the reaction cylinder 1 and the wing plate 101 are penetrated into the seabed separately. For example, the reaction cylinder 1 is penetrated into the seabed first, and then the wing plate 101 is penetrated into the seabed.

[0020] refer to Figure 2 In order to achieve a detachable connection between the wing plate 101 and the reaction cylinder 1, a groove 103 is provided on the outer wall of the reaction cylinder 1, and a T-shaped connector 1011 is provided at one end of the wing plate 101. The T-shaped connector 1011 is engaged in the groove 103, so that the wing plate 101 can be detachably connected to the reaction cylinder 1.

[0021] The wing plate 101 gradually thickens along the direction close to the T-shaped joint 1011, that is, it is thin at one end and thick at the other end.

[0022] Understandably, reference Figure 1 The number of wing plates 101 and guide grooves 102 can be adjusted according to actual conditions. In this embodiment, four wing plates 101 and four guide grooves 102 are provided, with the four wing plates 101 and four guide grooves 102 arranged symmetrically. The wing plates 101 are used to increase the torsional reaction force provided by the reaction cylinder 1 when it is driven into the seabed 2 by embedding the wing plates 101 into the soil layer of the seabed 2. The more wing plates 101 there are, the more wing plates 101 are embedded in the soil layer of the seabed 2, which means that the torsional reaction cylinder 1 needs to move more soil layers, thereby increasing the torsional reaction force provided by the reaction cylinder 1.

[0023] The purpose of providing the guide groove 102 is to facilitate the installation of related components, as described below.

[0024] The correction collar 4 includes a collar 402 and a rod 401 disposed outside the collar 402. The dimension of the end of the rod 401 away from the collar 402 is smaller than the dimension of the guide groove 102, so that the end of the rod 401 away from the collar 402 is embedded in the guide groove 102 and can slide along the guide groove 102. The collar 402 can be sleeved on the helical anchor 3. The correction collar 4 is used to maintain the helical anchor 3 in a vertical position driven into the seabed 2.

[0025] Understandably, when it is necessary to insert the helical anchor 3 into the inner cavity of the reaction cylinder 1 and drive it into the seabed 2, the helical anchor 3 is first inserted into the reaction cylinder 1, and one end of the helical anchor 3 is driven into the seabed 2. Then, the collar 402 is fitted onto the anchor rod of the helical anchor 3, and one end of the collar 401 is embedded in the guide groove 102 and can slide along the guide groove 102. By keeping the collar 401 in a horizontal state, the helical anchor 3 can be corrected to a vertical posture, thus achieving the correction effect.

[0026] Alternatively, the correction collar 4 can be first placed on the spiral anchor 3, and the spiral anchor 3 and correction collar 4 can be lowered simultaneously. If the spiral anchor 3 is not in a vertical position, adjust the sleeve rod 401 until it is in a horizontal position, and the spiral anchor 3 can be readjusted to a vertical position.

[0027] The hydraulic rotary knob 5 includes a knob body 503 and a plurality of positioning rods 501 disposed on the knob body 503. The knob body 503 is fitted with and movably connected to the anchor rod on the helical anchor 3. The knob body 503 is used to drive the helical anchor 3 to rotate, so that the helical anchor 3 penetrates into the target position on the seabed 2 through rotation. The dimension of the end of the positioning rod 501 away from the knob body 503 is smaller than the dimension of the guide groove 102, so that the end of the positioning rod 501 away from the knob body 503 can be embedded in the guide groove 102 and can slide along the guide groove 102.

[0028] Understandably, when it is necessary to further penetrate the helical anchor 3 into the target position of the seabed 2, that is, to penetrate the helical anchor 3 to the target depth of the seabed 2, the positioning rod 501 is embedded in the guide groove 102, and the knob body 503 is sleeved and movably connected to the anchor rod of the helical anchor 3. After the knob body 503 is started, it drives the helical anchor 3 to rotate, so that the helical anchor 3 can penetrate into the target depth of the seabed 2.

[0029] For example, the hydraulic knob machine 5 also includes a hydraulic oil pipe 502, which is connected to the knob machine body 503. The hydraulic oil pipe 502 is used to connect to an external hydraulic oil tank that stores hydraulic oil and to transport the hydraulic oil to the knob machine body 503, so that the knob machine body 503 can start working and output power to drive the spiral anchor 3 to rotate.

[0030] The lifting device 6 is used to lift the hydraulic knob machine 5 into the inner cavity of the reaction cylinder 1, and to lift the hydraulic knob machine 5 out of the inner cavity of the reaction cylinder 1.

[0031] Understandably, the lifting device 6 can be connected to the knob body 503 via a rope (such as hemp rope) or cable, and the lifting device 6 can be located above the reaction cylinder 1.

[0032] The airbag 8 is used to lift the reaction cylinder 1 to the sea surface for recovery of the reaction cylinder 1.

[0033] Understandably, it also includes an air hose 801 and a steel wire rope 802. The air hose 801 is used to connect to an external air source and deliver the air source to the airbag 8 to inflate the airbag 8. The airbag 8 is connected to the reaction cylinder 1 via the steel wire rope 802, which can be connected to the top of the reaction cylinder 1.

[0034] When it is necessary to continue using the reaction cylinder 1 and to retrieve the reaction cylinder 1 that has sunk to the seabed 2, the reaction cylinder 1 can be retrieved using the airbag 8.

[0035] The anchor plate 9 is used to form an annular space between the anchor plate 9 and the spiral anchor 3 by being sleeved on the spiral anchor 3, so that a concrete layer 7 is formed by pouring concrete into the annular space, so that the concrete layer 7, the reaction cylinder 1 and the spiral anchor 3 can together form a load-bearing structure.

[0036] The outer diameter of the anchor plate 9 is smaller than the inner diameter of the reaction cylinder 1, so that the anchor plate 9 can extend into the inner cavity of the reaction cylinder 1 and be fitted onto the anchor rod of the spiral anchor 3. The anchor plate 9 can be a hollow structure, and its shape and size are adapted to the anchor rod of the spiral anchor 3.

[0037] Understandably, when there is no need to recover the reaction cylinder 1, the anchor plate 9 can be fitted onto the anchor rod of the spiral anchor 3. When multiple anchor plates 9 exist, each anchor plate 9 is sequentially fitted onto the anchor rod with intervals between them, thus forming an annular space between each anchor plate 9 and the anchor rod. Then, a conduit is inserted into the annular space, and concrete is poured into the annular space through the conduit, thereby forming the concrete layer 7. The concrete used is high-strength underwater non-dispersible concrete. When the concrete reaches the target strength, it can form a stable composite load-bearing structure to fully utilize the pull-out load-bearing capacity of the spiral anchor 3 and the horizontal resistance of the reaction cylinder 1.

[0038] refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 The concrete in the schematic diagram fills the annular space and the remaining space of the reaction cylinder 1. The thickness of the concrete layer 7 can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0039] For example, the anchor plate 9 includes a plate body 902 and a locking core 901. The plate body 902 is provided with a through hole 903, which can be located at the exact center of the plate body 902; that is, when the plate body 902 is circular, the through hole 903 is located at the center of the plate body 902. One end of the locking core 901 is connected to the plate body 902, and the other end protrudes towards the through hole 903 and is located within the through hole 903. The size of the through hole 903 is larger than the outer diameter of the anchor rod of the spiral anchor 3, so that the anchor plate 9 can be fitted onto the anchor rod of the spiral anchor 3 through the through hole 903.

[0040] The outer wall of the anchor rod of the spiral anchor 3 is provided with a number of sliding grooves 10. Each sliding groove 10 is distributed along the height and circumference of the spiral anchor 3, so that multiple sliding grooves 10 are symmetrically arranged at different positions and different heights on the anchor rod of the spiral anchor 3.

[0041] Several spring cores 11 are provided on the inner wall of the anchor rod of the spiral anchor 3. Each spring core 11 corresponds to a set of sliding grooves 10. Each set of sliding grooves 10 includes two symmetrically arranged sliding grooves 10, meaning that each set of sliding grooves 10 corresponds to one spring core 11. The spring core 11 is located on the inner wall of the spiral anchor 3. The height of the spring core 11 is higher than the height of the bottom of the sliding groove 10, meaning that the spring core 11 is higher than the bottom of the sliding groove 10 in the corresponding set of sliding grooves 10. The height difference between the two is slightly greater than that of the anchor plate 9, allowing the anchor plate 9 to be engaged between the spring core 11 and the bottom of the sliding groove 10.

[0042] The spring core 11 includes a spring 1101, a slide cylinder 1102, and locking blocks. The spring 1101 is disposed in the inner cavity of the slide cylinder 1102, which is located in the inner cavity of the helical anchor rod. Both ends of the slide cylinder 1102 are flush with the slide groove 10 in the vertical direction. Each end of the spring 1101 is connected to a locking block. Part (not all) of the locking block is located outside the slide cylinder 1102, and the upper surface of the locking block located outside the slide cylinder 1102 is inclined along the vertical direction.

[0043] It is understandable that in order to make the side end surface of the lock block be inclined, the lock block is trapezoidal, that is, the lock block has a shape structure that is thicker on the inside and thinner on the outside along the radial direction.

[0044] When the anchor plate 9 is fitted onto the anchor rod of the spiral anchor 3, the anchor rod of the spiral anchor 3 passes through the through hole 903 on the anchor plate 9, and the locking core 901 on the anchor plate 9 is embedded in the slide groove 10, allowing the anchor plate 9 to slide along the slide groove 10. Since the side end surface of the locking block is inclined, when the anchor plate 9 slides vertically downward along the slide groove 10, the locking core 901 can press the locking block into the slide cylinder 1102 until the anchor plate 9 passes over the locking block, and the locking block is positioned above the anchor plate 9. Since the anchor plate 9 cannot press the locking block into the slide cylinder 1102 during the upward sliding process, the locking block limits the anchor plate 9 to its lower position. The anchor plate 9 can be fixed to the anchor rod by abutting against the bottom of the slide groove 10 through the locking core 901. Thus, the anchor plate 9 is located between the locking block and the bottom of the slide groove 10.

[0045] It is understandable that the aforementioned spiral anchor 3, straightening collar 4, hydraulic knob machine 5, lifting tool 6, airbag 8, and anchor plate 9 are all used according to the spiral anchor 3 at different installation stages. These components are not always fixed to the reaction cylinder 1, but rather constitute separate components from the reaction cylinder 1. When needed (at different installation stages), these components are placed in the inner cavity of the reaction cylinder 1 or outside the reaction cylinder 1, and correspondingly, these components are installed on the spiral anchor 3.

[0046] The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Lower the reaction cylinder 1 vertically and penetrate it to the target depth of the seabed 2. The wing plate 101 on the reaction cylinder 1 is embedded in the soil of the seabed 2.

[0047] Understandably, positioning technology can be used to move the installation vessel to the target location, and then the crane on the installation vessel can be connected to the lifting device 6 to vertically lower the reaction cylinder 1 to the seabed 2. Then, a dynamic pile driving method (such as a vibratory hammer or impact hammer) is used to drive the reaction cylinder 1 vertically into the target depth of the seabed 2, ensuring that the flange 101 on the reaction cylinder 1 is fully embedded in the soil to provide a stable torsional reaction force. Step 2: The helical anchor 3 is hoisted into the inner cavity of the reaction cylinder 1 and inserted into the seabed 2. The correction collar 4 is lowered and fitted onto the anchor rod of the helical anchor 3. The correction collar 4 is used to correct and maintain the helical anchor 3 in a vertical position. Then, the helical anchor 3 is pressed into the soil of the seabed 2 until the helical anchor 3 can be stably erected in the seabed 2. Finally, the correction collar 4 is removed.

[0048] Understandably, during the lowering of the correction ring 4, the ring 402 of the correction ring 4 is fitted onto the anchor rod of the spiral anchor 3, and the sleeve 401 of the correction ring 4 is embedded in the guide groove 102 of the reaction cylinder 1.

[0049] By applying pressure, the spiral anchor 3 is pressed into the soil of the seabed 2 and initially fixed. Then, the correction ring 4 is lifted out, that is, the correction ring 4 is removed.

[0050] Step 3: Using the lifting device 6, lower the hydraulic rotary knob 5 into the inner cavity of the reaction cylinder 1, and install the hydraulic rotary knob 5 on the anchor bolt of the spiral anchor 3. Then, start the hydraulic rotary knob 5 to output torque, thereby driving the spiral anchor 3 to rotate and penetrate into the seabed 2 until the spiral anchor 3 reaches the target depth. Then, remove the hydraulic rotary knob 5.

[0051] Understandably, during the installation of the hydraulic knob machine 5 onto the anchor rod of the spiral anchor 3, the positioning rod 501 of the hydraulic knob machine 5 is embedded in the guide groove 102, and the main body 503 of the knob machine is fitted onto the anchor rod of the spiral anchor 3. Under pressure, the main body 503 of the knob machine is tightly connected to the anchor rod of the spiral anchor 3, so that the huge torque output by the hydraulic knob machine 5 can drive the spiral anchor 3 to rotate. After completion, the hydraulic knob machine 5 is removed by lifting it out.

[0052] Step 4: Determine whether the reaction cylinder 1 needs to be kept in the seabed 2. If yes, proceed to steps 5-7; otherwise, proceed to step 8.

[0053] Step 5: Remove the soil from the inner cavity of the reaction cylinder 1.

[0054] Understandably, the soil inside the reaction cylinder 1 can be removed using a pump to provide operating space for subsequent steps.

[0055] Step 6: Hang several anchor plates 9 into the inner cavity of the reaction cylinder 1 in sequence, and put each anchor plate 9 onto the anchor rod of the spiral anchor 3 in a bottom-up order. Each anchor plate 9 is lowered to the designed target height position.

[0056] Understandably, when the anchor plate 9 falls to its target height, the locking core 901 on the anchor plate 9 presses against the locking block of the spring core 11 on the anchor rod of the spiral anchor 3. The locking block compresses the spring 1101, causing the locking block to retract, thus allowing the anchor plate 9 to pass over the spring core 11. After the locking core 901 of the anchor plate 9 has completely passed over the spring core 11, the spring 1101 of the spring core 11 returns to its original position, the locking block pops out again and is positioned above the anchor plate 9, locking the locking block to the anchor plate 9. The bottom of the slide groove 10 supports the anchor plate 9 from below, so that the anchor plate 9 is positioned between the spring core 11 and the bottom of the slide groove 10.

[0057] Step 7: High-strength underwater non-dispersible concrete is injected into the inner cavity of the reaction cylinder 1 and the space between the anchor rod and anchor plate 9 of the spiral anchor 3 through a conduit to form concrete layer 7. When concrete layer 7 reaches the target strength, a stable composite load-bearing structure is formed to fully utilize the pull-out load-bearing capacity of the spiral anchor 3 and the horizontal resistance of the reaction cylinder 1. Step 8: The airbag 8 generates buoyancy, which is used to lift the reaction cylinder 1 from the seabed 2 and raise it to the sea surface, thus completing the recovery of the reaction cylinder 1.

[0058] Understandably, in this step, the airbag 8, in a non-expanded state, is lowered to the upper part of the reaction cylinder 1, and connected to the reaction cylinder 1 by a steel wire rope 802. Then, gas is slowly injected into the airbag 8 through the air pipe 801, causing the airbag 8 to expand and generate upward buoyancy. When the buoyancy is sufficient to overcome the weight of the reaction cylinder 1 and the lateral frictional resistance between the reaction cylinder 1 and the soil, the reaction cylinder 1 is slowly lifted. By controlling the gas inflation rate and the gas deflation rate within the airbag 8, the reaction cylinder 1 can be slowly and smoothly raised to the sea surface, avoiding rapid and / or unstable bottom buoyancy. Finally, the reaction cylinder 1 is recovered by the installation vessel.

[0059] The suction cylinder 12 serves as a carrier during the installation of the spiral anchor 3, so that during the lowering of the spiral anchor 3, the straightening collar 4, and the hydraulic knob 501, the spiral anchor 3, the straightening collar 4, and the hydraulic knob 501 can withstand relevant forces (such as gravity, applied downward pressure, etc.) through the suction cylinder 12 as a carrier, so that these components have a force support point.

[0060] Example 2 Example 1 involves driving a reaction cylinder 1 into the seabed 2 via dynamic pile driving, thereby driving a spiral anchor 3 into the seabed 2. This example provides a method for driving a spiral anchor 3 into the seabed 2 based on a suction cylinder 12.

[0061] like Figure 5 , Figures 13-17 As shown, a method for installing a spiral anchor 3 adapted to a deep-water environment is applied to a spiral anchor 3 device adapted to a deep-water environment. The spiral anchor 3 device includes two suction cylinders 12, several connecting rods 13, an air pipe 801, a spiral anchor 3, a correction collar 4, a hydraulic knob 501, and a lifting device 6. The two ends of the connecting rods 13 are detachably connected to the suction cylinders 12, so that the two suction cylinders 12 can be connected together through the connecting rods 13.

[0062] For example, in order to enable the connecting rod 13 to be detachably connected to the suction cylinder 12, a groove 103 is provided on the outer wall of the suction cylinder 12, and one end of the connecting rod 13 is engaged in the groove 103, thereby enabling the connecting rod 13 to be detachably connected to the suction cylinder 12.

[0063] One end of the connecting rod is a T-shaped connector 1011, which is engaged in the groove 103 through the T-shaped structure, thereby connecting the connecting rod 13 to the suction cylinder 12.

[0064] For example, in order to better connect the two suction cylinders 12 together, a plurality of grooves 103 are provided at different height positions of the suction cylinders 12 along the axial direction (i.e., the vertical direction), and a connecting rod 13 is connected to each groove 103.

[0065] refer to Figure 15 , Figure 15 The diagram illustrates the connection of two connecting rods 13 to better connect the two suction cylinders 12 together.

[0066] The outer wall of the suction cylinder 12 is provided with a number of wing plates 101. The wing plates 101 protrude from the suction cylinder 12, that is, the wing plates 101 extend outward in a direction away from the suction cylinder 12. Each wing plate 101 is evenly distributed along the circumference of the suction cylinder 12.

[0067] The top of the suction cylinder 12 is connected to the air pipe 801, which is used to extract the gas inside the suction cylinder 12 so that the suction cylinder 12 can be penetrated into the target depth of the seabed 2 by extracting the gas inside the suction cylinder 12, and so that the wing plate 101 on the suction cylinder 12 can be repeatedly embedded into the seabed 2 to provide a stable torsional reaction force.

[0068] The correction collar 4 includes a collar 402 and a rod 401 disposed outside the collar 402. The dimension of the end of the rod 401 away from the collar 402 is smaller than the dimension of the groove 103, so that the end of the rod 401 away from the collar 402 is embedded in the groove 103 and can slide along the groove 103. The collar 402 can be fitted onto the helical anchor 3. The correction collar 4 is used to maintain the helical anchor 3 in a vertical position driven into the seabed 2.

[0069] The collar 402 is fitted onto the anchor rod of the spiral anchor 3. One end of the sleeve 401 is embedded in the groove 103 and can slide along the groove 103. By keeping the sleeve 401 in a horizontal state, the spiral anchor 3 can be corrected to a vertical position, thus achieving the correction effect.

[0070] Alternatively, the correction collar 4 can be first placed on the spiral anchor 3, and the spiral anchor 3 and correction collar 4 can be lowered simultaneously. If the spiral anchor 3 is not in a vertical position, adjust the sleeve rod 401 until it is in a horizontal position, and the spiral anchor 3 can be readjusted to a vertical position.

[0071] The hydraulic rotary knob 501 includes a knob body 503 and a plurality of positioning rods 501 disposed on the knob body 503. The knob body 503 is fitted with and movably connected to the anchor rod on the helical anchor 3. The knob body 503 is used to drive the helical anchor 3 to rotate, so that the helical anchor 3 penetrates into the target position on the seabed 2 through rotation. The dimension of the end of the positioning rod 501 away from the knob body 503 is smaller than the dimension of the groove 103, so that the end of the positioning rod 501 away from the knob body 503 can be embedded in it and slide along the groove 103.

[0072] Understandably, when it is necessary to further penetrate the spiral anchor 3 into the target position of the seabed 2, that is, to penetrate the spiral anchor 3 to the target depth of the seabed 2, the positioning rod 501 is embedded in the groove 103, and the knob body 503 is sleeved and movably connected to the anchor rod of the spiral anchor 3. After the knob body 503 is started, it drives the spiral anchor 3 to rotate, so that the spiral anchor 3 can penetrate into the target depth of the seabed 2.

[0073] For example, the hydraulic knob machine 501 also includes a hydraulic oil pipe 502, which is connected to the knob machine body 503. The hydraulic oil pipe 502 is used to connect to an external hydraulic oil tank that stores hydraulic oil and to transport the hydraulic oil to the knob machine body 503, so that the knob machine body 503 can start working and output power to drive the spiral anchor 3 to rotate.

[0074] The lifting device 6 is used to lift the hydraulic knob machine 501 between the two suction cylinders 12 and to lift the hydraulic knob machine 501 out.

[0075] Understandably, the lifting device 6 can be connected to the knob body 503 by a rope (such as hemp rope) or cable, and the lifting device 6 can be located above the suction cylinder 12.

[0076] The method includes the following steps: Step 21: After connecting the two suction cylinders 12 together by the connecting rod 13, the suction cylinder 12 is lowered vertically and penetrates into the target depth of the seabed 2, so that the wing plate 101 on the suction cylinder 12 is embedded in the soil of the seabed 2.

[0077] Understandably, positioning technology can be used to move the installation vessel to the target location, and then the crane on the installation vessel can be connected to the lifting device 6 to vertically lower the suction cylinder 12 to the seabed 2. Then, the gas inside the suction cylinder 12 is extracted through the air pipe 801 to penetrate the suction cylinder 12 vertically to the target depth on the seabed 2, and to ensure that the wing plate 101 on the suction cylinder 12 can be fully embedded in the soil to provide a stable torsional reaction force.

[0078] The two suction cylinders 12 are connected together by the connecting rod 13, which allows the two suction cylinders 12 to be lowered into the seabed 2 synchronously and smoothly.

[0079] Step 22: Remove the connecting rod 13, that is, remove the connecting rod 13 from the suction cylinder 12.

[0080] Then, the helical anchor 3 is hoisted between the two suction cylinders 12, and the correction collar 4 is lowered and fitted onto the anchor rod of the helical anchor 3. The two ends of the correction collar 4 are slidably embedded in the grooves 103. The correction collar 4 is used to correct and maintain the helical anchor 3 in a vertical position. Then, the helical anchor 3 is pressed into the seabed 2 until it can stand firmly in the seabed 2. Finally, the correction collar 4 is removed.

[0081] Understandably, during the lowering of the correction ring 4, the ring 402 of the correction ring 4 is fitted onto the anchor rod of the spiral anchor 3, and the rod 401 of the correction ring 4 is embedded in the groove 103 of the suction cylinder 12.

[0082] By applying pressure, the spiral anchor 3 is pressed into the soil of the seabed 2 and initially fixed. Then, the correction ring 4 is lifted out, that is, the correction ring 4 is removed.

[0083] Step 23: Using the lifting device 6, lower the hydraulic knob machine 501 between the two suction cylinders 12, and install the hydraulic knob machine 501 on the anchor bolt of the spiral anchor 3. Then, start the hydraulic knob machine 501 to output torque, thereby driving the spiral anchor 3 to rotate and penetrate into the seabed 2 until the spiral anchor 3 reaches the target depth. Then, remove the hydraulic knob machine 501.

[0084] Understandably, during the installation of the hydraulic knob machine 501 on the anchor rod of the spiral anchor 3, the positioning rod 501 of the hydraulic knob machine 501 is embedded in the groove 103, and the main body 503 of the knob machine is sleeved on the anchor rod of the spiral anchor 3. Under pressure, the main body 503 of the knob machine is tightly connected to the anchor rod of the spiral anchor 3, so that the huge torque output by the hydraulic knob machine 501 can drive the spiral anchor 3 to rotate. After completion, the hydraulic knob machine 501 is removed by lifting it out.

[0085] Step 24: Slowly inject gas into the suction cylinder 12 through the air pipe 801, causing the suction cylinder 12 to generate upward buoyancy. When the buoyancy is sufficient to overcome the lateral frictional resistance between the suction cylinder 12 and the soil, the suction cylinder 12 is slowly lifted. By precisely controlling the exhaust rate, the suction cylinder 12 can be slowly and smoothly raised to the sea surface and retrieved by the installation vessel, completing the entire installation process of the spiral anchor 3.

[0086] The suction cylinder 12 serves as a carrier during the installation of the spiral anchor 3, so that during the lowering of the spiral anchor 3, the straightening collar 4, and the hydraulic knob 501, the spiral anchor 3, the straightening collar 4, and the hydraulic knob 501 can withstand relevant forces (such as gravity, applied downward pressure, etc.) through the suction cylinder 12 as a carrier, so that these components have a force support point.

[0087] The embodiments disclosed in this specification are merely illustrative of one aspect of the invention, and the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to these embodiments. Any other functionally equivalent embodiments fall within the scope of protection of the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various other corresponding changes and modifications based on the technical solutions and concepts described above, and all such changes and modifications should fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for installing a spiral anchor adapted to deep-water environments, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Lower the carrier to the target depth into the seabed, with the wing plates on the carrier embedded in the soil of the seabed; Step 2: Hoist the helical anchor onto the carrier, use the correction collar to correct and maintain the helical anchor in a vertical position, then press the helical anchor into the seabed soil until the helical anchor is firmly erected in the seabed, and then remove the correction collar; Step 3: Use a lifting device to lift the hydraulic knob machine onto the carrier and install it on the anchor bolt of the helical anchor. Drive the helical anchor to rotate and penetrate the seabed through the hydraulic knob machine until the helical anchor reaches the target depth. Then, remove the hydraulic knob machine.

2. The spiral anchor installation method adapted to deep-water environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carrier is a reaction cylinder or a suction cylinder.

3. The spiral anchor installation method adapted to deep-water environments according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the carrier is a reaction cylinder, after step 3, the process also includes: Step 4: Determine whether the reaction cylinder needs to be left on the seabed. If yes, proceed to steps 5-7; otherwise, proceed to step 8. Step 5: Remove the soil from the inside of the reaction cylinder; Step 6: Place several anchor plates into the inner cavity of the reaction cylinder in sequence, and put each anchor plate on the anchor rod of the spiral anchor in the order from bottom to top. Each anchor plate is lowered to the designed target height position. Step 7: Pour concrete into the space between the anchor rod and the anchor plate of the helical anchor through the conduit to form a concrete layer; Step 8: The airbag generates buoyancy, which is used to lift the reaction cylinder from the seabed and raise it to the surface, completing the recovery of the reaction cylinder.

4. The spiral anchor installation method adapted to deep-water environments according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the carrier is a reaction cylinder, placing the helical anchor onto the carrier means placing the helical anchor into the inner cavity of the reaction cylinder. When the carrier is a suction cylinder, including two suction cylinders, placing the spiral anchor onto the carrier means placing the spiral anchor between the two suction cylinders. The process involves first connecting two suction cylinders together with a connecting rod, then lowering the suction cylinders to the target depth on the seabed, removing the connecting rod, and finally placing the helical anchor between the two suction cylinders.

5. The spiral anchor installation method adapted to deep-water environments according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step 1, positioning technology is used to move the installation vessel to the target location. Then, a lifting device is connected to the crane on the installation vessel to vertically lower the carrier to the seabed. When the carrier is a reaction cylinder, a vibratory hammer or impact hammer is then used to penetrate the reaction cylinder vertically to the target depth on the seabed, causing the flanges on the reaction cylinder to embed into the soil. When the carrier is a suction cylinder, the gas inside the suction cylinder is extracted and the suction cylinder is driven vertically into the target depth of the seabed, so that the wing plates on the suction cylinder are embedded in the soil.

6. The method for installing a spiral anchor adapted to deep-water environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, the correction collar is fitted onto the anchor rod of the helical anchor, and the collar rod is embedded in the guide groove of the reaction cylinder.

7. The method for installing a spiral anchor adapted to deep-water environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3, during the installation of the hydraulic knob machine onto the anchor rod of the auger, the positioning rod of the hydraulic knob machine is embedded in the guide groove, and the main body of the knob machine is fitted onto the anchor rod of the auger. Under pressure, the main body of the knob machine is tightly connected to the anchor rod of the auger, so that the huge torque output by the hydraulic knob machine drives the auger to rotate. The hydraulic knob machine is then removed by lifting it out.

8. The method for installing a spiral anchor adapted to deep-water environments according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step 5, when the carrier is a reaction cylinder, the soil inside the reaction cylinder is removed by a pump.

9. The method for installing a spiral anchor adapted to deep-water environments according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step 6, when the anchor plate falls to its target height, the locking core on the anchor plate presses against the locking block of the spring core on the anchor rod of the spiral anchor. The locking block compresses the spring, causing the locking block to retract inward, thereby allowing the anchor plate to pass over the spring core. Once the anchor plate's locking core has completely crossed the spring core, the spring core's spring returns to its original position, the locking block pops out again and is positioned above the anchor plate, locking the locking block in place. The bottom of the chute then supports the anchor plate from below, placing the anchor plate between the spring core and the bottom of the chute.

10. The method for installing a spiral anchor adapted to deep-water environments according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step 8, the airbag in a non-gas-contracted state is suspended above the reaction cylinder, and the airbag and reaction cylinder are connected together by a steel wire rope. Then, gas is injected into the airbag through the trachea, the airbag expands and generates upward buoyancy, and by controlling the gas filling rate and the gas exhaust rate in the airbag, the reaction cylinder is lifted to the sea surface, and finally the reaction cylinder is recovered by the installation vessel.

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