A lifting hook structure for on-site construction

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of hoist hook structures for on-site construction hoisting, it is related to hoist hook structure field, including sequentially connected connecting shaft, crossbeam sleeve, installation cylinder, hook, the connecting shaft is installed in crossbeam sleeve by bearing, the hook is rotatably arranged below installation cylinder, locking tongue is arranged on the hook, further include: the oil cavity being opened on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft;Angle sensor and early warning assembly are arranged in the installation cylinder, for monitoring the swing angle of the hook and issuing early warning;The application is unified linkage trigger by the swing action of hook through three kinds of protective actions of swing monitoring, dynamic lubrication and secondary locking, forms a whole scheme of collaborative response.This overcomes the short board of each reinforcing unit modularization independent addition, lack of linkage coupling relationship in the prior art, can systematically dispose multiple superimposed hidden troubles caused by hoisting swing, significantly improves the self-adaptive protection capability and operation safety of hoist hook structure under complex open-air working condition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hook structure technology, specifically, it relates to a hook structure for on-site construction hoisting. Background Technology

[0002] When hoisting heavy objects such as steel sections and plates at construction sites, the slewing hook is the mainstream load-bearing lifting tool. The hook relies on an internal slewing bearing to achieve free rotation of the hook body, and on the hook opening limiting component to prevent accidental slippage of the hoisted object. In order to adapt to the complex open-air working conditions of construction sites, the industry will strengthen the hook structure from multiple dimensions such as wear resistance and service life extension, operation risk warning, and fall prevention reinforcement.

[0003] Most reinforcement solutions on the market are modular and independently added, with no linkage or coupling between the reinforcement units. When the lifting equipment swings back and forth due to wind loads or deviations in the center of gravity, the dispersed reinforcement structures cannot respond to changes in the working conditions in a coordinated manner based on a unified triggering logic. This makes it difficult to systematically address the multiple overlapping hazards caused by the swing, resulting in a significant deficiency in the overall adaptive protection capability under various working conditions.

[0004] 1. For example, Chinese invention patent application publication number CN114057096B discloses an automatic rotating engineering hook, belonging to the field of hook technology. An automatic rotating engineering hook includes a housing, with an installation ring at the top and symmetrically arranged grooves on the inner wall of the housing. This solution can automatically replenish lubricating oil to the mounting bearings of the internal connecting hook during lifting, eliminating the need for manual lubrication, saving time and effort. It also achieves stable sealing of the upper part of the hook during lifting, thereby increasing the stability of the lifting process. Furthermore, the components used throughout the process do not include torsion springs or similar components, thus resulting in a longer service life and less susceptibility to damage compared to existing technologies that use torsion springs or similar components as anti-detachment structures. It can also replenish lubricating oil to the gears during lifting, providing maintenance and further extending the service life of the gears, shafts, drive structure, and anti-detachment rod assembly. This is worthy of promotion and use; however, this existing technology only focuses on lubrication improvements for the bearings.

[0005] 2. For example, Chinese invention patent application publication number CN116062603B discloses a hook and crane, including a hook body and a sealing assembly. The hook body has an opening, one edge of which is a connecting part of the hook body, and the other edge is a hook head of the hook body. The sealing assembly includes a sealing member, a torsion spring, a locking structure, and an unlocking triggering structure. One end of the sealing member is rotatably connected to the connecting part, and the other end can abut against the hook head. The torsion spring connects the sealing member and the hook body. The sealing member has a receiving cavity that extends through one end of the sealing member, and the locking structure is disposed within the receiving cavity. The unlocking triggering structure includes a limiting member, the position of which is adjustable within the receiving cavity. When the other end of the sealing component abuts against the hook head, the locking structure is supported between the oppositely arranged connecting part and the limiting part, thereby preventing the sealing component from rotating relative to the connecting part, making the opening tightly sealed and safe, and the heavy objects hanging on the hook body are not easy to fall out of the opening; this prior art is only an optimization and improvement of the sealing component.

[0006] 3. For example, Chinese invention patent application publication number CN119117929B discloses a crane hook tilt angle monitoring and early warning system and method based on the Internet of Things, relating to the field of crane monitoring technology. The system includes: S10: predicting the real-time deviation distance and real-time running acceleration of the hook; S20: predicting the real-time rotation index of the hook; S30: determining the adjustment time for the hook's running speed; S40: adjusting the real-time running speed of the hook within the determined adjustment time. This solution ensures that an early warning signal can be issued in a timely manner before the hook tilt angle exceeds the warning range, improving the system's monitoring effect on the hook tilt angle. Furthermore, during the adjustment of the hook's running speed, it can prevent the lifting rope from deviating significantly during the adjustment process. According to the determined adjustment method, the hook's tilt angle height can be close to zero, further improving the system's adjustment effect on the hook tilt angle. This prior art only focuses on a single monitoring improvement in the direction of the hook's swing angle.

[0007] In summary, existing technical optimizations for various working conditions of lifting hooks generally adopt a design approach of addressing each issue separately. Different functional modules are isolated from each other, failing to achieve coordinated triggering of three types of protective actions—lubrication control, sway monitoring, and dynamic self-locking—through a unified transmission link. Specifically, the bearing lubrication system cannot automatically increase oil supply as sway intensifies; the hook locking mechanism fails to activate promptly when sway exceeds limits; and angle monitoring data fails to effectively trigger associated protective actions. This functional fragmentation leads to multiple risks compounded under swaying conditions—accelerated bearing wear due to eccentric loads, easy disengagement of the load during swaying, and a disconnect between warning signals and protective actions. This makes it difficult for existing lifting hooks to achieve systematic safety protection in complex environments, resulting in a significant deficiency in overall adaptability to various working conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hook structure for on-site construction hoisting to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the basic concept of the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a hook structure for on-site construction hoisting, including a connecting shaft, a crossbeam sleeve, an mounting cylinder, and a hook connected in sequence. The connecting shaft is mounted in the crossbeam sleeve through a bearing. The hook is rotatably disposed below the mounting cylinder and is provided with a locking tongue. The invention also includes: an oil cavity formed on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft; an angle sensor and an early warning component disposed in the mounting cylinder for monitoring the swing angle of the hook and issuing an early warning; and locking components disposed on the mounting cylinder and the locking tongue, respectively. When the hoisted material swings, the early warning component issues an early warning and simultaneously pumps oil into the oil cavity using the swing motion of the hook, triggering a lubrication mechanism for the bearing when subjected to radial eccentric overturning load. Furthermore, when the hook deflection angle exceeds a set threshold, the swing motion of the hook triggers a secondary locking mechanism of the locking tongue.

[0010] Preferably, the mounting cylinder has a mounting cavity, and a gear is rotatably connected to the mounting cavity via a rotating shaft. The outer circumference of the connecting ring of the hook is provided with an external tooth, and the gear meshes with the external tooth. When the hook swings, it synchronously drives the gear to rotate. The angle sensor is used to monitor the rotation angle of the gear.

[0011] Preferably, a cylinder is installed in the mounting cavity, and a piston rod with a piston plate at one end is slidably connected in the cylinder. The piston plate divides the cylinder into an oil pumping chamber. The oil pumping chamber receives oil in one direction through an installed oil inlet pipe and pumps oil in one direction into an oil chamber on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft through an installed oil outlet pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the gear is located below the cylinder, and a protrusion is symmetrically fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the gear near the cylinder, the protrusion corresponding to the contact plate at one end of the piston rod.

[0013] Preferably, the oil cavity includes an oil groove formed on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft, and the oil outlet pipe is connected to the oil groove; the bearing inner diameter is provided with a through hole, the through hole leads to the space between the bearing outer ring and the bearing inner ring, and the through hole is connected to the oil groove.

[0014] Preferably, the oil cavity further includes multiple sets of oil retention grooves formed on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft along the length direction of the connecting shaft, and multiple sets of connecting grooves formed on the circumference of the outer periphery of the connecting shaft. The length direction of the connecting grooves is parallel to the axial direction of the connecting shaft, and the connecting grooves vertically connect the multiple sets of oil retention grooves and the oil grooves.

[0015] Preferably, the oil cavity further includes multiple sets of spiral oil grooves formed on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft, one end of each set of spiral oil grooves is connected to an oil groove, a retention groove is formed on the spiral oil groove, and the through hole on the bearing is connected to the corresponding spiral oil groove.

[0016] Furthermore, the piston plate divides the cylinder into air chambers, and a tension spring is sleeved on the piston rod. The two ends of the tension spring are connected to the cylinder and the piston plate, respectively. The air chambers receive air in one direction through an installed air inlet pipe and pump air into the oil sump in one direction through an installed air outlet pipe. This is used to ensure that after the oil is pumped into the oil sump, the oil in the oil sump continues to lubricate the bearing, and to allow the oil in the oil chamber to escape from between the bearing top and the connecting shaft, thus realizing a long-term oil immersion mechanism for the bearing.

[0017] Preferably, a connecting rod is installed on one end of the rotating shaft outside the mounting cylinder, a meshing tooth is fixedly connected to the outside of the locking tongue, and an external tooth is provided on one end of the connecting rod near the meshing tooth, the external tooth corresponding to the meshing tooth.

[0018] Preferably, the warning component includes an audible and visual warning light mounted on the mounting cylinder.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0020] 1. The on-site construction crane utilizes a hook structure to construct a closed-loop, self-consistent mechanical logic system with "swinging kinetic energy" as the sole driving source, integrating situational awareness, active lubrication, and rigid locking. Its most significant innovation lies in achieving full-dimensional physical feature extraction and energy diversion of the hook's swing kinematics through the gear as a core pivot element. The hook's swing is no longer merely a disturbance to be suppressed, but is converted into a rotational angular displacement signal through meshing. This structure not only provides a stable measurement benchmark for the angle sensor but, more importantly, establishes a reliable physical interface for subsequent mechanical energy supply.

[0021] 2. The on-site construction crane utilizes a hook structure, where gears simultaneously decouple and redistribute the extracted rotational kinetic energy in both time and space. In the longitudinal direction, the cooperation between the protrusion and the contact plate converts this energy into a high-frequency axial reciprocating stroke of the piston rod, directly driving the oil chamber to work. This achieves real-time conversion of kinetic energy into hydraulic potential energy, and the pumping volume increases with the increase of the swing amplitude, forming a positive pressure feedback mechanism for the oil supply rate and the degree of load skew. In the transverse direction, when the swing exceeds the physical threshold, the gears directly transmit the angular displacement to the connecting rod outside the mounting cylinder through the rotating shaft, ensuring that the locking tongue can still achieve forced locking through physical engagement under extreme working conditions.

[0022] 3. The on-site construction crane utilizes a hook structure. In terms of lubrication mechanism, this solution achieves a qualitative leap from "passive diversion" to "pressure wetting." By introducing an air chamber and a tension spring reset mechanism, a high-pressure oil-pushing closed loop with staggered phases is constructed—the pumping stroke provides the base oil volume, while the reset stroke generates pulsed gas through compressed gas, pressurizing and propelling the lubricating oil in the oil groove and the residual oil groove / spiral oil groove. This high-pressure pulse not only forces the lubricating oil to enter the core load area of ​​the bearing through the perforation, but more importantly, it allows the lubricating oil to overcome gravity and overflow from the gap between the bearing top and the connecting shaft to wet the bearing. This ensures that when the bearing is subjected to radial eccentric overturning loads, its contact surface always maintains a dynamic pressure-bearing oil film, effectively solving the technical problem of dry friction caused by oil film rupture under dynamic loads in traditional lubrication.

[0023] 4. The construction crane on site uses a hook structure. In addition to the electronic early warning components, an additional rigid locking logic based entirely on motion geometry is constructed as a safety redundancy. When the hook swings and causes the external tooth to rotate with the connecting rod to the position interfering with the meshing tooth, the mechanical limit physical takes precedence over any electronic control signal. This separates the safety mechanism from the electronic link of "sensing-judgment-execution", avoiding safety failures caused by sensor false alarms or delays in strong earthquakes and high dust environments, and significantly improving the inherent safety level of the hook.

[0024] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0025] In the attached diagram:

[0026] Figure 1 This is a front view of a hoisting hook structure for on-site construction proposed in this invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a hook structure for on-site construction hoisting proposed in this invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing how the hook opening tends to face the ground when the hook swings.

[0029] Figure 4 This invention proposes a hook structure for on-site construction hoisting. Figure 1 The right-hand view in the middle;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the locking tongue and engaging teeth of a hook structure for on-site construction hoisting proposed in this invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the gear and external tooth of a hook structure for on-site construction hoisting proposed in this invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cylinder with a hook structure for on-site construction hoisting proposed in this invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the protruding block of the on-site construction hoisting hook structure proposed in this invention;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an oil tank with a hook structure for on-site construction hoisting proposed in this invention;

[0035] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the installation cylinder and installation cavity of the on-site construction hoisting hook structure proposed in this invention;

[0036] Figure 11 This invention proposes a hook structure for on-site construction hoisting. Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure at point A;

[0037] Figure 12 This invention proposes a hook structure for on-site construction hoisting. Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure at point B;

[0038] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of a spiral oil tank with a hook structure for on-site construction hoisting proposed in this invention;

[0039] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the placement groove for a hook structure used in on-site construction hoisting proposed in this invention.

[0040] In the diagram: 1. Mounting cylinder; 11. Connecting shaft; 111. Pin sleeve; 112. Oil groove; 113. Connecting groove; 114. Oil groove; 115. Spiral oil groove; 116. Reservoir groove; 12. Crossbeam sleeve; 121. Bearing; 122. Through hole; 13. Mounting cavity;

[0041] 2. Hook; 21. Connecting ring; 211. External tooth 1; 22. Locking tongue; 221. Engaging tooth;

[0042] 3. Cylinder; 30. Pipe groove; 31. Oil chamber; 311. Oil inlet pipe; 312. Oil outlet pipe; 32. Air chamber; 321. Air inlet pipe; 322. Air outlet pipe; 33. Piston rod; 331. Contact plate; 34. Tension spring;

[0043] 4. Gear; 41. Protrusion; 42. Shaft;

[0044] 5. Connecting rod; 51. External tooth 2;

[0045] 6. Audible and visual warning lights. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0047] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 14 The technical solutions provided in each embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.

[0048] Example: Refer to Figures 1-14 A hoisting hook structure for on-site construction includes a connecting shaft 11, a crossbeam sleeve 12, an mounting cylinder 1, and a hook 2 connected in sequence. The connecting shaft 11 is installed in the crossbeam sleeve 12 via a bearing 121. The hook 2 is rotatably positioned below the mounting cylinder 1 and is equipped with a locking tongue 22. A pin sleeve 111 is connected to the connecting shaft 11 via a high-strength bolt. The pin sleeve 111 facilitates the installation of the connecting shaft 11 on the crossbeam sleeve 12 and prevents the connecting shaft 11 from slipping off the crossbeam sleeve 12.

[0049] It also includes: an oil cavity on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft 11; an angle sensor and an early warning component installed in the mounting cylinder 1 to monitor the swing angle of the hook 2 and issue an early warning; and a locking component installed on the mounting cylinder 1 and the locking tongue 22 respectively. When the hoisted material swings, the early warning component issues an early warning and simultaneously pumps oil into the oil cavity using the swing motion of the hook 2, triggering the lubrication mechanism of the bearing 121 when subjected to radial eccentric overturning load. When the deflection angle of the hook 2 exceeds the set threshold, the swing motion of the hook 2 triggers the secondary locking mechanism of the locking tongue 22.

[0050] The following is an explanation of some key terms in this embodiment:

[0051] The connecting shaft 11 is a rotating shaft in the hook structure used to connect the upper hoisting equipment and the lower load-bearing components. It typically bears tensile loads in the vertical direction and shear loads in the horizontal direction.

[0052] The crossbeam sleeve 12 is the external structure that covers the connecting shaft 11, providing support and installation space for the connecting shaft 11, and connecting to the upper hoisting equipment.

[0053] Mounting cylinder 1 is the main part of the hook structure, used to install and fix hook 2 and other functional components. Its internal space can accommodate sensors and oil pump mechanism.

[0054] Hook 2 is the component that directly supports materials, and its opening is used to hang the load. The locking tongue 22 is a safety component installed on hook 2, used to close the opening of hook 2 and prevent the hoisted material from accidentally falling off.

[0055] The bearing 121 is installed between the connecting shaft 11 and the crossbeam sleeve 12 to support the rotation of the connecting shaft 11, reduce friction, and withstand radial and axial loads from the load.

[0056] The oil chamber is an oil storage space opened on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft 11, used to store lubricating oil and to deliver the lubricating oil to the bearing 121 through a specific mechanism.

[0057] An angle sensor is a device used to detect the swing angle of hook 2 relative to mounting cylinder 1, and its output signal can be used to determine the swing state of hook 2.

[0058] A warning component is a device that issues a warning signal under specific conditions based on the swing angle information output by an angle sensor, and typically includes an audible and visual alarm.

[0059] The locking mechanism is a mechanism used to mechanically lock the hook 2 or the locking tongue 22 under specific conditions to enhance the safety of the hook under dynamic working conditions.

[0060] Radial eccentric overturning load refers to the radial torque acting on bearing 121 when the center of gravity of the hoisted material deviates from the center line of the hook. This may cause excessive local stress on bearing 121, affecting its lubrication and service life.

[0061] The threshold is a preset upper limit for the swing angle of hook 2. When the swing angle of hook 2 exceeds this value, a specific safety mechanism will be triggered.

[0062] The secondary locking mechanism refers to the additional locking of the locking tongue 22 through a linkage action when the deflection angle of the hook 2 exceeds the set threshold, so as to further prevent the hoisted material from falling off.

[0063] This solution provides a hoisting hook structure for on-site construction, whose basic components include a connecting shaft 11, a crossbeam sleeve 12, an mounting cylinder 1, and a hook 2 connected in sequence. The connecting shaft 11 is mounted in the crossbeam sleeve 12 via a bearing 121 to ensure smooth rotation of the connecting shaft 11. The hook 2 is rotatably positioned below the mounting cylinder 1 for easy loading and unloading of materials. The hook 2 is equipped with a locking tongue 22 to prevent accidental material spillage during normal operation.

[0064] To lubricate the bearing 121, an oil chamber is provided on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft 11. This oil chamber can be a simple annular groove for storing lubricating oil, which is then delivered to the bearing 121 by gravity or a manual pumping mechanism.

[0065] To monitor the swing state of hook 2 and provide early warning, an angle sensor and an early warning component are installed in the mounting cylinder 1. The angle sensor can be, for example, a potentiometer, encoder, or tilt sensor, used to detect the swing angle of hook 2 in real time. The early warning component can be one or more indicator lights or buzzers, which issue a warning signal when the detected swing angle of hook 2 reaches a preset condition.

[0066] To enhance the security of hook 2 under certain circumstances, a locking assembly is provided, which is respectively installed on mounting cylinder 1 and locking tongue 22. The locking assembly can be a mechanical pin or a snap-fit, which, through manual or simple mechanical linkage, can fix locking tongue 22 in the closed position when needed, or limit the rotation of hook 2 within a certain range.

[0067] This structure enables the lubrication mechanism to be activated when the hoisted material swings. Specifically, when the warning component issues a warning signal, the swinging motion of hook 2 simultaneously pumps oil into the oil chamber, thereby triggering lubrication of bearing 121 under radial eccentric overturning loads. For example, a simple mechanical push rod can be installed along the swinging path of hook 2, which periodically compresses a small oil pump during hook 2's swinging motion, pumping lubricating oil into the oil chamber. This lubrication method ensures timely lubrication of critical stress areas of bearing 121 under dynamic operating conditions.

[0068] Furthermore, when the deflection angle of the hook 2 exceeds the set threshold, the swinging motion of the hook 2 will also trigger the secondary locking mechanism of the locking tongue 22.

[0069] This solution utilizes a hook structure for on-site construction hoisting. By linking the swinging motion of hook 2 with the lubrication mechanism of bearing 121 and the secondary locking mechanism of locking tongue 22, it effectively solves the problem of traditional hooks where each reinforcement unit operates independently and cannot respond in a coordinated manner under the swinging condition of heavy lifting. This structure can lubricate bearing 121 in a timely manner and dynamically self-lock hook 2 when the lifted material swings, thus systematically addressing the multiple superimposed hidden dangers caused by swinging, and significantly improving the hook's adaptive protection capability and operational safety under complex dynamic conditions.

[0070] In this regard, further, referring to Figure 6 , Figure 8 , Figure 10 The mounting cylinder 1 has a mounting cavity 13. A gear 4 is rotatably connected to the mounting cavity 13 via a rotating shaft 42. An external tooth 211 is provided on the outer periphery of the connecting ring 21 of the hook 2. The gear 4 meshes with the external tooth 211. When the hook 2 swings, it synchronously drives the gear 4 to rotate. An angle sensor is used to monitor the rotation angle of the gear 4.

[0071] Specifically, the mounting cavity 13 is a specific space located inside the mounting cylinder 1. Its main function is to provide a protected mounting environment and motion trajectory for the gear 4 and its related transmission components, ensuring stable and precise operation of these components during hoisting operations and effectively isolating them from potential interference from the external environment. The rotating shaft 42 serves as a rotational support for the gear 4, enabling it to rotate smoothly around its own axis. This rotating shaft 42 is typically made of materials with sufficient strength and wear resistance and can be used in conjunction with bearings inside the mounting cavity 13 to further reduce frictional resistance and improve transmission efficiency and service life. The gear 4 is a typical mechanical transmission element that effectively converts the swinging motion of the hook 2 into its own rotational motion through precise meshing with the external tooth 211. Key parameters such as the tooth profile, module, and pressure angle of the gear 4 must be matched with the external tooth 211 to ensure the smoothness, accuracy, and reliability of the transmission process. The external tooth 211 on the outer circumference of the connecting ring 21 of the hook 2 is the key mechanical interface for synchronizing the swinging motion of the hook 2 with the rotation of the gear 4. These external teeth 211 are directly integrated on the outside of the connecting ring 21 of the hook 2, ensuring that any angular swing of the hook 2 can be directly and without delay transmitted to the gear 4, thus guaranteeing the response speed and accuracy of the transmission chain. An angle sensor is a device that converts mechanical angle quantities (such as the rotation angle of the gear 4) into processable electrical signals. By monitoring the rotation angle of the gear 4, which swings synchronously with the hook 2, this sensor can indirectly obtain the real-time swing angle of the hook 2. In practical applications, angle sensors can be implemented using various technologies. For example, a rotary encoder can be used, which converts rotational displacement into digital or analog signal output through photoelectric or magnetoelectric principles; a potentiometer can also be used, reflecting angle through resistance changes; or a Hall effect sensor can be used. The choice of which type of angle sensor to use requires comprehensive consideration of factors such as the required measurement accuracy, response speed, environmental adaptability, and cost.

[0072] Through the above technical solution, the swinging motion of hook 2 is precisely meshed with gear 4, which is rotatably connected to the mounting cavity 13 via a rotating shaft 42, through external teeth 211 on the outer periphery of its connecting ring 21. When the hook 2 swings due to the hoisting of material, external teeth 211 on its connecting ring 21 synchronously and precisely drive gear 4 to rotate. At this time, the angle sensor no longer directly monitors hook 2, which may have a large swing amplitude and a complex motion trajectory, but instead monitors the rotation angle of gear 4, which swings synchronously with hook 2. This indirect measurement method utilizes the stability and accuracy of gear 4 transmission, effectively avoiding the errors and instabilities that may be caused by directly measuring the swing of hook 2, such as measurement deviations caused by the structure of hook 2 itself or external interference. By converting the swing angle into the rotation angle of gear 4 for measurement, the real-time swing angle of hook 2 can be obtained more accurately and reliably. This enables the early warning component to issue timely warnings based on more accurate data. For example, when the swing angle approaches or exceeds the set threshold, it can quickly trigger an audible and visual warning, thereby significantly improving the safety of on-site construction hoisting operations and effectively reducing safety risks such as material falling off or colliding due to excessive swing angle of hook 2.

[0073] Furthermore, referring to Figure 3 , Figure 6 , Figure 7In the aforementioned hook structure, a cylinder 3 is installed in the mounting cavity 13. The cylinder 3, as the main structure of the oil pumping mechanism, is typically cylindrical. Its internal space accommodates the piston rod 33 and piston plate, forming the oil pumping chamber 31. The cylinder 3 can be made of high-strength, wear-resistant metal to ensure its stability and reliability during long-term operation. A piston rod 33 with a piston plate at one end is slidably connected to the cylinder 3. The piston rod 33 is a rod-shaped component that can slide axially along the cylinder 3, with a piston plate fixedly connected to one end. The piston plate is typically circular or a disc-shaped structure matching the shape of the inner wall of the cylinder 3. Its outer circumference fits tightly with the inner wall of the cylinder 3, forming a relatively sealed sliding connection. The sliding movement of the piston rod 33 and piston plate is crucial for achieving the oil pumping action; its stroke and speed directly affect the pumping volume and pressure. The piston plate divides the cylinder 3 into the oil pumping chamber 31. The pumping chamber 31 is a sealed chamber formed by the piston plate dividing the internal space of the cylinder 3, used to store the lubricating oil to be pumped. When the piston plate slides inside the cylinder 3, the volume of the pumping chamber 31 changes periodically, thereby realizing the intake and discharge of lubricating oil in the chamber. The pumping chamber 31 is supplied with oil in one direction through the installed oil inlet pipe 311. The oil inlet pipe 311 is a channel connecting the pumping chamber 31 to an external oil source (the external oil source can be an oil storage tank or oil storage box, which is installed on the hoisting equipment), and it usually integrates a one-way valve. This one-way valve ensures that the lubricating oil can only enter the pumping chamber 31 from the external oil source and cannot flow out in the opposite direction, thereby ensuring that the pumping chamber 31 can effectively draw in lubricating oil during the oil suction stroke. The pumping chamber 31 pumps oil in one direction to the oil cavity on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft 11 through the installed oil outlet pipe 312. The oil outlet pipe 312 is a channel connecting the pumping chamber 31 to the oil cavity on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft 11, and it also integrates a one-way valve. The one-way valve ensures that the lubricating oil in the pump oil chamber 31 can only be pumped unidirectionally to the oil chamber on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft 11 under the squeezing action of the piston plate, and cannot flow back in the opposite direction, thereby ensuring the effective delivery and lubrication effect of the lubricating oil.

[0074] Through the above technical solution, this application provides a specific and reliable oil pumping mechanism. When the hook 2 swings, its swinging motion can drive the piston rod 33 and piston plate to slide within the cylinder 3 through mechanical linkage (e.g., through the rotation of gear 4). The sliding motion of the piston plate periodically changes the volume of the oil pumping chamber 31, thereby drawing in lubricating oil under the unidirectional action of the oil inlet pipe 311, and precisely and efficiently pumping the lubricating oil to the oil chamber on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft 11 under the unidirectional action of the oil outlet pipe 312. This design converts the swinging energy of the hook 2 into the power to deliver lubricating oil, realizing on-demand and automatic lubrication of the bearing 121, effectively solving the problem that the bearing 121 may be insufficiently lubricated due to radial eccentric overturning load when the hoisted material swings, and significantly improving the operational reliability and service life of the hook structure under complex working conditions.

[0075] In some implementations, refer to Figure 7 , Figure 8 The gear 4 is located below the cylinder 3. The gear 4 is symmetrically fixed with protrusions 41 near the outer periphery of the cylinder 3. The protrusions 41 correspond to the contact plate 331 at one end of the piston rod 33.

[0076] A protrusion 41 is symmetrically fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the gear 4 near the cylinder 3. The protrusion 41 is a key component for converting the rotary motion of the gear 4 into the linear reciprocating motion of the piston rod 33. The symmetrical fixed connection means that at least two protrusions 41 are arranged in a centrally symmetrical manner on the outer periphery of the gear 4. This symmetrical design ensures that the oil pumping mechanism can be effectively driven when the hook 2 swings in different directions, or that a stable driving force is provided when the hook 2 swings repeatedly. The protrusions 41 can take various forms, such as block-shaped, columnar, or arc-shaped protrusions, and their material is usually wear-resistant metal or high-strength engineering plastic to withstand the impact and friction when in contact with the piston rod 33.

[0077] The protrusion 41 corresponds to the contact plate 331 at one end of the piston rod 33. The contact plate 331 is a component on the piston rod 33 used to receive the force of the protrusion 41. It is usually located at the end of the piston rod 33 near the gear 4, spatially aligned with the protrusion 41, so that when the gear 4 rotates, the protrusion 41 can accurately contact and push the contact plate 331, thereby driving the piston rod 33 to slide within the cylinder 3. The contact plate 331 can be a flat surface, a roller, or an arc surface, and its design should take into account the contact method with the protrusion 41 to reduce wear and ensure smooth transmission. This correspondence is a direct mechanical connection that enables the hook 2 to swing and drive the oil pumping action.

[0078] Through the above technical solution, gear 4 is positioned below cylinder 3, and protrusions 41 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the outer periphery of gear 4. Simultaneously, the protrusions 41 correspond to the contact plate 331 at one end of piston rod 33. This application provides a direct and efficient mechanical linkage mechanism. When hook 2 swings, the external tooth 211 drives gear 4 to rotate. The protrusions 41 on gear 4 periodically contact and push the contact plate 331 of piston rod 33, thereby driving piston rod 33 to slide within cylinder 3, squeezing the lubricating oil in pumping chamber 31, and realizing oil pumping to the oil chamber on the outer periphery of connecting shaft 11. This design ensures that the swinging motion of hook 2 can be reliably converted into oil pumping action. Even when the swing amplitude of the hoisted material is small or irregular, the lubrication mechanism can be effectively triggered, providing timely lubrication for bearing 121, thereby extending the service life of bearing 121 and improving the reliability of the hook structure under complex working conditions. The symmetrically arranged protrusions 41 further ensure that oil pumping can be achieved when hook 2 swings in any direction.

[0079] Reference Figure 11 Furthermore, the oil cavity includes an oil groove 114 formed on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft 11, and an oil outlet pipe 312 is connected to the oil groove 114; a through hole 122 is formed in the inner diameter of the bearing 121, the through hole 122 leads to the space between the outer ring and the inner ring of the bearing, and the through hole 122 is connected to the oil groove 114.

[0080] Specifically, the oil groove 114 is an annular or spiral groove located on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft 11, and its main function is to serve as an initial receiving and distribution area for lubricating oil. When the pump chamber 31 pumps lubricating oil through the outlet pipe 312, the lubricating oil first enters the oil groove 114. The design of the oil groove 114 ensures that the lubricating oil can be evenly distributed in a specific area of ​​the connecting shaft 11, providing a stable oil source for subsequent delivery to the bearing 121. The connection between the outlet pipe 312 and the oil groove 114 establishes a direct channel from the pumping mechanism to the internal lubrication system of the connecting shaft 11, ensuring effective delivery of lubricating oil.

[0081] Meanwhile, the perforations 122 are holes formed in the inner diameter of the bearing 121. Their key function is to guide the lubricating oil in the oil groove 114 directly to the friction area between the rolling elements and raceways inside the bearing 121. These perforations 122 can be arranged radially or obliquely, and their number can be optimized according to the size and stress conditions of the bearing 121 to ensure that the lubricating oil can fully cover all surfaces that need lubrication. The connection between the perforations 122 and the oil groove 114 forms an efficient lubricating oil delivery path, allowing the lubricating oil to accurately enter the interior of the bearing 121 from the oil groove 114, thereby achieving effective lubrication of the key friction parts of the bearing 121.

[0082] Through the above technical solution, when the hook 2 swings, the lubricating oil pumped by the oil pump chamber 31 is precisely delivered to the oil groove 114 on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft 11 through the oil outlet pipe 312. Since the bearing 121 has perforations 122 on its inner diameter, and these perforations 122 communicate with the oil groove 114, the lubricating oil can directly and efficiently enter the critical friction area between the inner and outer rings of the bearing 121 from the oil groove 114 through the perforations 122. This design ensures that the lubricating oil can accurately reach the rolling elements and raceways of the bearing 121, achieving sufficient lubrication even when the swinging of the hoisted material causes the bearing 121 to bear radial eccentric overturning loads. This significantly improves the lubrication efficiency and reliability of the bearing 121, effectively reduces wear, extends the service life of the bearing 121, and thus enhances the stability and safety of the entire on-site construction hoisting hook structure.

[0083] In addition, by pumping the lubricating oil into the oil tank 114, excessive contact between the lubricating oil and the external environment can be avoided, which would cause dust to mix with the lubricating oil and reduce the lubrication effect on the bearing.

[0084] Furthermore, referring to Figure 11 , Figure 12 The oil cavity also includes multiple sets of oil retention grooves 112 opened on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft 11 along the length direction of the connecting shaft 11, and multiple sets of connecting grooves 113 are opened on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft 11. The length direction of the connecting grooves 113 is parallel to the axial direction of the connecting shaft 11, and the connecting grooves 113 vertically connect the multiple sets of oil retention grooves 112 and oil grooves 114.

[0085] Specifically, these oil retention grooves 112 are formed on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft 11 along its length, and their main function is to serve as channels for storing and distributing lubricating oil. When lubricating oil is pumped into the oil chamber, in addition to directly entering the oil sump 114, a portion of the lubricating oil can be guided and stored in these oil retention grooves 112. These oil retention grooves 112 can be designed as multiple parallel axial grooves, or grooves with a certain depth and width, to effectively accommodate lubricating oil. By setting multiple sets of oil retention grooves 112, the distribution area and residence time of lubricating oil on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft 11 can be increased, providing a more durable lubrication guarantee for the bearing 121. At the same time, the oil retention grooves 112 are located above the oil sump 114. This layout allows lubricating oil to be replenished downwards from the upper oil retention grooves 112 to the oil sump 114 under the action of gravity, or to achieve more comprehensive oil circulation through the connecting groove 113. This staggered arrangement helps to form a more three-dimensional lubricant supply network, ensuring that even when the oil pump operates intermittently or the oil level in the oil sump 114 is insufficient, the upper oil sump 112 can continuously provide lubrication to the bearing 121. Furthermore, the connecting grooves 113 are circumferential grooves formed on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft 11, with their length parallel to the axis of the connecting shaft 11. The main function of these connecting grooves 113 is to vertically connect multiple sets of oil sump 112 and oil sump 114. Specifically, the connecting grooves 113 can be designed as a series of vertical channels evenly distributed along the circumference of the connecting shaft 11, connecting the oil sump 112 at different heights with the bottom oil sump 114. Through these connecting grooves 113, lubricant can flow and exchange freely between the oil sump 114 and the oil sump 112, forming a complementary lubricant circulation path, thereby ensuring that the lubricant can be evenly distributed to all lubrication points of the bearing 121.

[0086] By employing the aforementioned technical solution, multiple sets of oil retention grooves 112 are added along the length of the connecting shaft 11, positioned above the oil groove 114. Simultaneously, multiple sets of connecting grooves 113 vertically connect the oil retention grooves 112 and the oil groove 114, thus constructing a more complete lubricating oil distribution and storage system. When the hook 2 swings to pump oil, the lubricating oil not only enters the oil groove 114 but is also guided through the connecting grooves 113 to the upper oil retention grooves 112 for storage. This design allows the lubricating oil to be more widely distributed and to remain in the connecting shaft 11 for a longer period along its entire length. Even when the hoisted material swings violently, causing the bearing 121 to bear radial eccentric overturning loads, the lubricating oil can be continuously and evenly supplied to all contact surfaces of the bearing 121 through this multi-level oil circuit system, effectively avoiding the problem of insufficient local lubrication. In addition, the oil groove 112 increases the amount of lubricating oil in reserve and extends the residence time of the lubricating oil in the bearing area, thereby significantly improving the lubrication effect and service life of the bearing 121 and ensuring the reliable operation of the hook structure under complex working conditions.

[0087] In some implementations, refer to Figure 13 , Figure 14 The oil cavity also includes multiple sets of spiral oil grooves 115 opened on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft 11. One end of each set of spiral oil grooves 115 is connected to the oil groove 114. The spiral oil grooves 115 are provided with retention grooves 116. The through holes 122 on the bearing 121 are connected to the corresponding spiral oil grooves 115.

[0088] Specifically, the multiple sets of spiral oil grooves 115 are multiple oil passages opened along the outer circumferential surface of the connecting shaft 11 in a spiral path. This spiral structure can effectively extend the flow path of lubricating oil on the surface of the connecting shaft 11, and utilize the relative movement of the bearing 121 to guide and distribute the lubricating oil more evenly to the entire working area of ​​the bearing 121, rather than just through a simple straight channel. The design of the spiral oil grooves 115 helps to form a more stable oil film and improve lubrication efficiency. One end of each set of spiral oil grooves 115 is connected to the oil groove 114, which means that when the pump oil chamber 31 pumps lubricating oil to the oil groove 114, the lubricating oil can smoothly enter these spiral oil grooves 115 as its initial oil supply point. The spiral oil grooves 115 are provided with retention grooves 116, which are localized recesses or enlarged areas distributed along the path of the spiral oil grooves 115. Their function is to act as miniature oil reservoirs, temporarily retaining a portion of the lubricating oil as it flows through the spiral oil grooves 115. This ensures a continuous lubrication supply to the bearing 121 even during pumping interruptions or fluctuations in lubricating oil flow, preventing momentary lubrication shortages. The perforations 122 on the bearing 121 communicate with the corresponding spiral oil grooves 115, ensuring that the guided and distributed lubricating oil in the spiral oil grooves 115 can directly and effectively enter the critical friction areas between the balls or rollers and the inner and outer rings inside the bearing 121, achieving precise lubrication.

[0089] Through the above technical solution, after the lubricating oil enters from the oil groove 114 into multiple sets of spiral oil grooves 115, it can be more evenly and comprehensively distributed on the contact surface between the connecting shaft 11 and the bearing 121 under the guidance of the spiral oil grooves 115. At the same time, the retention grooves 116 provided on the spiral oil grooves 115 can effectively retain some lubricating oil, forming multiple micro oil storage points, ensuring that the bearing 121 can receive continuous lubrication supply even if the oil pumping action is intermittent during the swinging of the hoisted material. When the bearing 121 is subjected to radial eccentric overturning load, this spiral distribution and local retention lubrication mechanism can ensure that the lubricating oil is replenished in time to the area with the greatest stress and the most need for lubrication, effectively preventing oil film rupture, significantly improving the lubrication effect and reliability of the bearing 121 under complex working conditions, thereby extending the service life of the bearing 121 and reducing maintenance costs.

[0090] Furthermore, referring to Figure 7The piston plate divides the cylinder 3 into air chambers 32. A tension spring 34 is fitted on the piston rod 33. The two ends of the tension spring 34 are connected to the cylinder 3 and the piston plate, respectively. The air chamber 32 is unidirectionally inlet air through the installed air inlet pipe 321 and unidirectionally pumps air into the oil trough 114 through the installed air outlet pipe 322. This is used to ensure that the oil in the oil trough 114 continues to lubricate the bearing 121 after the oil is pumped into the oil pumping chamber 31, and to allow the oil in the oil chamber to emerge from between the top of the bearing 121 and the connecting shaft 11, thus realizing a long oil immersion mechanism for the bearing 121. Therefore, the vertically opened connecting groove 113 extends upward to the top surface of the bearing 121 after connecting the uppermost oil retention groove 112. This allows the lubricating oil to emerge from the connecting groove 113 after the air chamber 32 pumps air into the oil trough 114. In addition, a pipe through groove 30 is opened on the outer periphery of the mounting cylinder 1 to facilitate the pipes on the cylinder 3 to pass through.

[0091] Specifically, the piston plate divides the cylinder 3 into a gas chamber 32, which stores and compresses gas to power the subsequent gas pumping mechanism. The gas chamber 32 is located on one side of the piston plate, opposite the oil pumping chamber 31. A tension spring 34 is fitted onto the piston rod 33, with its two ends connected to the cylinder 3 and the piston plate, respectively. The tension spring 34 is typically a helical spring, with one end fixed to one end of the cylinder 3 and the other end fixed to the piston plate. The tension spring 34 provides a restoring force, pulling the piston rod 33 and piston plate back to their initial positions after the external force (such as the push of the protrusion 41) disappears. During the restoring process, the contraction of the tension spring 34 causes the piston plate to compress the gas in the gas chamber 32. The gas chamber 32 receives gas unidirectionally through the installed inlet pipe 321 and pumps gas unidirectionally into the oil tank 114 through the installed outlet pipe 322. Both the inlet pipe 321 and the outlet pipe 322 can be equipped with a one-way valve to ensure that the gas flows only in a preset direction. The intake pipe 321 is typically connected to the external atmosphere (it should be noted that a filter is installed at one end of the intake pipe 321 to prevent dust from the environment from being drawn into the air chamber 32), while the exhaust pipe 322 is connected to the oil tank 114. This gas pumping mechanism is used to ensure that the oil in the oil tank 114 continues to lubricate the bearing 121 after the oil is pumped from the oil pumping chamber 31, and to allow the oil in the oil chamber to escape from between the top of the bearing 121 and the connecting shaft 11, thus achieving a long-term oil immersion mechanism for the bearing 121. After the gas enters the oil tank 114 through the exhaust pipe 322, it creates a certain pressure in the oil tank 114, pushing the lubricating oil in the oil tank 114 upwards. This pushing action allows the lubricating oil to overcome gravity and continuously flow upwards, reaching each lubrication point of the bearing 121, and eventually overflowing, forming a wetting effect.

[0092] When hook 2 swings, the protrusion 41 contacts the contact plate 331 and pushes the piston rod 33 upward, squeezing the lubricating oil in the pump oil chamber 31. The lubricating oil enters the oil groove 114 through the oil outlet pipe 312. Furthermore, as hook 2 swings repeatedly left and right, since the protrusions 41 are symmetrically arranged with a gap between them, the protrusions 41 will disengage from the contact plate 331 during the repeated swinging process. At this time, the piston rod 33 is pulled downward and reset under the action of the tension spring 34, squeezing the gas in the air chamber 32 during the reset process. The squeezed gas is unidirectionally injected into the oil groove 114 through the air outlet pipe 322, and the gas pressure pushes the lubricating oil in the oil groove 114 and the oil retention groove 112 upward. Part of the pushed lubricating oil enters the ball bearing mounting area through the perforation 122 of the bearing 121 to lubricate the bearing 121; the other part of the lubricating oil overflows from the position between the connecting shaft 11 and the bearing 121 to the top surface of the bearing 121, providing long-term immersion lubrication to the entire top surface area of ​​the bearing 121.

[0093] Through the above technical solution, this solution effectively solves the technical problem that relying solely on the swinging pump of hook 2 cannot achieve long-term, comprehensive immersion lubrication of bearing 121. This solution introduces a gas-assisted oil-pushing mechanism. After the swinging of hook 2 triggers the oil pump to pump lubricating oil into the oil tank 114, the gas pressure generated by the compressed air chamber 32 when the piston rod 33 resets continuously pushes the lubricating oil in the oil tank 114 upwards. This ensures that the lubricating oil not only enters the bearing 121 through the perforation 122 for lubrication but also overflows from between the connecting shaft 11 and the bearing 121, forming a continuous immersion coverage on the top surface of bearing 121, thus achieving a long-term immersion mechanism for bearing 121. Even after the swinging frequency of hook 2 decreases or stops, the gas pressure can maintain effective distribution of lubricating oil for a certain period, preventing backflow or uneven distribution of lubricating oil due to gravity, significantly extending the service life of bearing 121, and improving the reliability and safety of the on-site construction hoisting hook structure under various working conditions.

[0094] In some implementations, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 A connecting rod 5 is installed on one end of the rotating shaft 42 outside the mounting cylinder 1. A meshing tooth 221 is fixedly connected to the outside of the locking tongue 22. An external tooth 51 is provided on one end of the connecting rod 5 near the meshing tooth 221. The external tooth 51 corresponds to the meshing tooth 221.

[0095] Specifically, the connecting rod 5 is a mechanical transmission component, with one end mounted on the end of the rotating shaft 42 located outside the mounting cylinder 1. The function of the connecting rod 5 is to convert the rotational motion of the rotating shaft 42 into the oscillating or rotational motion of its other end, thereby achieving linkage control of other components. Specifically, it can be implemented as a rigid rod, fixed to the rotating shaft 42 by means of pins, keys, or welding, ensuring the synchronization and reliability of the movement. The meshing tooth 221 is a toothed structure located on the outside of the locking tongue 22. Its function is to mesh with another toothed component (external tooth 51) to lock or limit the locking tongue 22. The meshing tooth 221 can adopt various tooth shapes such as straight teeth, helical teeth, or herringbone teeth. Its material and machining precision must meet the strength requirements for transmission and locking to ensure that the locking tongue 22 can be reliably maintained in position under force. The external tooth 51 is a toothed structure located on the end of the connecting rod 5 near the meshing tooth 221. Its function is to mesh with the meshing teeth 221 on the locking tongue 22, forming a gear pair, thereby precisely controlling or locking the locking tongue 22 when the connecting rod 5 moves. The tooth profile, module, and pressure angle of the external tooth 51 should match the meshing teeth 221 to ensure smooth meshing and reliable locking effect. The external tooth 51 corresponds to the meshing teeth 221. This correspondence means that the external tooth 51 and the meshing teeth 221 are matched in position, size, and tooth profile so that they can accurately mesh with each other under specific conditions. This correspondence is the key to achieving linkage locking, ensuring that when the connecting rod 5 moves to the preset position, the external tooth 51 can accurately insert or engage with the meshing teeth 221, thereby effectively limiting the locking tongue 22.

[0096] Through the above technical solution, this application can achieve secondary limiting and locking of the locking tongue 22 when the hook 2 swings significantly, especially when the opening of the hook 2 faces the ground, thus significantly improving the safety of hoisting operations. Specifically, when the hook 2 is facing to the left (with... Figure 1(Taking a perspective example) When the hook 2 swings significantly, its opening direction will be downward, increasing the risk of the load falling off. At this time, the external tooth 211 on the hook 2 will mesh with the gear 4 in the mounting cylinder 1, causing the gear 4 to rotate counterclockwise. Since the connecting rod 5 is installed on the end of the rotating shaft 42 outside the mounting cylinder 1, the rotation of the gear 4 will synchronously drive the connecting rod 5 to rotate counterclockwise as well. The end of the connecting rod 5 near the locking tongue 22 is provided with an external tooth 51, which corresponds to the meshing tooth 221 fixedly connected to the outside of the locking tongue 22. When the connecting rod 5 rotates to a preset angle, the external tooth 51 will mesh with the meshing tooth 221, thereby firmly limiting the locking tongue 22 and preventing it from accidentally rotating or opening due to the swing of the hook 2, effectively avoiding the danger of the load falling off. In addition, this linkage mechanism also triggers the oil pumping mechanism simultaneously when the hook 2 swings, providing lubrication for the bearing 121, ensuring the smooth operation of the mechanism and extending its service life. This mechanical linkage secondary locking mechanism does not require additional sensors or complex electronic control systems to determine the state of the locking tongue 22. Instead, it directly uses the swinging motion of the hook 2 for physical locking. It has the advantages of rapid response, high reliability, simple structure and convenient maintenance, which greatly enhances the safety performance of the hook structure under complex working conditions.

[0097] Furthermore, referring to Figure 1 The warning component includes an audible and visual warning light 6 installed on the mounting cylinder 1;

[0098] Specifically, the audible and visual warning light 6 is a device that integrates both audible and visual flashing alarm functions. Its function is to provide a direct and conspicuous warning to on-site operators and surrounding personnel by emitting a high-decibel alarm sound and a high-brightness flashing light signal when an abnormal situation is detected (such as the swing angle of hook 2 exceeding a set threshold). This dual warning method effectively overcomes the limitations of single warning methods (such as sound only or vision only) in specific environments. For example, in noisy environments, audible warnings may be masked, or visual warnings may be inconspicuous in environments with insufficient light or obstructed vision. The audible and visual warning light 6 typically consists of one or more high-brightness LED beads or xenon lamps and a built-in buzzer or speaker. Its housing is usually made of weather-resistant, dustproof, and shockproof materials to adapt to the harsh environment of on-site construction.

[0099] The electrical connection between the audible and visual warning light 6 and the angle sensor means that the swing angle data of the hook 2 detected by the angle sensor can be directly transmitted to the audible and visual warning light 6. When the angle sensor detects that the swing angle of the hook 2 reaches or exceeds a preset danger threshold, it immediately triggers an electrical signal, which is transmitted to the audible and visual warning light 6 via cable or wirelessly, thereby activating its alarm function. This direct electrical connection ensures the real-time nature and accuracy of the warning signal, avoiding delays or information distortion that may be caused by intermediate links.

[0100] The audible and visual warning light 6 and the angle sensor are unified and electrically connected to the PLC, which means that the entire warning system is integrated into a central control unit. The PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) is an industrial automation control device used for logical control, sequential control, timing control, counting control, and analog quantity control of mechanical equipment or production processes. The PLC can receive the data from the angle sensor, perform real-time analysis and processing, and control the start and stop of the audible and visual warning light 6 and the alarm mode (for example, different swing angles correspond to different alarm levels or modes) according to the preset logic program. In addition, the PLC can also perform data interaction with other hoisting equipment control systems to achieve a higher level of linkage control and safety management. For example, it can automatically decelerate or stop the hoisting operation in the case of extreme swing, and record alarm events to provide data support for subsequent analysis.

[0101] Regarding power supply, a replaceable battery can be set to supply power to the audible and visual warning light 6, the angle sensor, the electric control, etc.

[0102] Through the above technical solution, when the suspended load swings, the angle sensor can monitor the swing angle of the hook 2 in real time and accurately. Once the swing angle reaches the preset danger threshold, the PLC will immediately receive the signal sent by the angle sensor and quickly activate the audible and visual warning light 6 installed on the mounting cylinder 1 according to the preset control logic. The audible and visual warning light 6 can send out a high-decibel alarm sound and a high-brightness flashing light signal at the same time, and can send a clear danger warning to the on-site operators and surrounding personnel in the most direct and eye-catching way. This warning method combining sound and light effectively overcomes the limitations that may exist in a single warning method in a complex construction environment. For example, the sound warning may be masked in a noisy environment, or the visual warning is not obvious in a low-light / obstructed vision environment, thus significantly improving the transmission efficiency and reliability of the warning information. The operator can timely perceive the potential danger and take corresponding safety measures, effectively avoiding accidents such as the falling off, collision, or personal injury of the material caused by the large swing of the hook 2, and greatly enhancing the safety of the on-site construction hoisting operation. At the same time, the introduction of the PLC makes the entire warning system more intelligent and programmable, and can flexibly adjust the alarm parameters and linkage strategies according to actual needs, further optimizing the safety management level.

[0103] In this invention, the three types of protection actions of swing monitoring, dynamic lubrication, and secondary locking are uniformly triggered in a linkage manner through the swing action of the hook 2, forming a coordinated response overall solution. This overcomes the shortcoming of the existing technology that each reinforcement unit is modularly and independently added, lacking a linkage coupling relationship, and can systematically handle the multiple superimposed hidden dangers brought by the hoisting swing, significantly enhancing the adaptive protection ability and operation safety of the hook structure under complex open-air working conditions.

[0104] Furthermore, this invention effectively solves the problem of independent operation and lack of coordinated response of each reinforcement unit under the swinging condition of a traditional hook during heavy lifting by linking the swinging motion of the hook 2 with the lubrication mechanism of the bearing 121 and the secondary locking mechanism of the locking tongue 22. This structure can promptly lubricate the bearing 121 and dynamically self-lock the hook 2 when the lifted material swings, thus systematically addressing the multiple overlapping hazards caused by the swinging motion and significantly improving the hook's adaptive protection capability and operational safety under complex dynamic conditions.

[0105] By designing each structural component, the swing angle of hook 2 is monitored in real time, enabling immediate warning when large swings occur. The swing motion of hook 2 is used to implement a lubrication strategy for bearing 121 under different swing levels. Furthermore, while hook 2 swings to pump oil to lubricate bearing 121, its reciprocating swing characteristics also trigger a coordinated gas pumping process into oil groove 114, pushing the lubricating oil in oil groove 114 further into bearing 121 for high-quality lubrication. The gas pumping also allows lubricating oil in oil groove 114 and oil retention groove 112 / spiral oil groove 115 to overflow from the top surface of bearing 121, achieving a long-term immersion mode for bearing 121 and further improving the lubrication effect of bearing 121 during hook 2 swing.

[0106] Furthermore, while the hook 2 swings to pump oil and air, if the swing of the hook 2 exceeds the safety threshold, the swing of the hook 2 can also link the connecting rod 5, so that the external tooth 21 and the meshing tooth 221 mesh, further achieving self-locking of the locking tongue 22, and further reducing the risk of the hook 2 opening facing the ground due to the large angle swing of the hook 2.

[0107] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-described technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hoisting hook structure for on-site construction, comprising a connecting shaft (11), a crossbeam sleeve (12), an mounting cylinder (1), and a hook (2) connected in sequence, wherein the connecting shaft (11) is mounted in the crossbeam sleeve (12) via a bearing (121), the hook (2) is rotatably disposed below the mounting cylinder (1), and the hook (2) is provided with a locking tongue (22), characterized in that, Also includes: An oil cavity is formed on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft (11); An angle sensor and a warning assembly installed in the mounting cylinder (1) are used to monitor the swing angle of the hook (2) and issue a warning. Locking components are respectively installed on the mounting cylinder (1) and the locking tongue (22); When the hoisted material swings, the warning component issues a warning and simultaneously pumps oil into the oil chamber using the swinging motion of the hook (2), triggering the lubrication mechanism of the bearing (121) when subjected to radial eccentric overturning load. When the deflection angle of the hook (2) exceeds the set threshold, the swinging motion of the hook (2) triggers the secondary locking mechanism of the locking tongue (22).

2. The on-site construction hoisting hook structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting cylinder (1) has a mounting cavity (13), and a gear (4) is rotatably connected in the mounting cavity (13) via a rotating shaft (42). An external tooth (211) is provided on the outer periphery of the connecting ring (21) of the hook (2). The gear (4) meshes with the external tooth (211). When the hook (2) swings, it synchronously drives the gear (4) to rotate. The angle sensor is used to monitor the rotation angle of the gear (4).

3. The on-site construction hoisting hook structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, A cylinder (3) is installed in the mounting cavity (13). A piston rod (33) with a piston plate at one end is slidably connected in the cylinder (3). The piston plate divides the cylinder (3) into an oil pumping chamber (31). The oil pumping chamber (31) receives oil in one direction through the installed oil inlet pipe (311) and pumps oil in one direction to the oil chamber on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft (11) through the installed oil outlet pipe (312).

4. The on-site construction hoisting hook structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The gear (4) is located below the cylinder (3). The gear (4) has a symmetrically fixed protrusion (41) on the outer periphery of the cylinder (3). The protrusion (41) corresponds to the contact plate (331) at one end of the piston rod (33).

5. The on-site construction hoisting hook structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The oil cavity includes an oil groove (114) formed on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft (11), and the oil outlet pipe (312) is connected to the oil groove (114); The bearing (121) has a through hole (122) in its inner diameter. The through hole (122) leads to the space between the outer ring and the inner ring of the bearing and is connected to the oil groove (114).

6. The on-site construction hoisting hook structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The oil cavity also includes multiple sets of oil retention grooves (112) opened on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft (11) along the length direction of the connecting shaft (11). Multiple sets of connecting grooves (113) are opened on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft (11). The length direction of the connecting grooves (113) is parallel to the axial direction of the connecting shaft (11). The connecting grooves (113) vertically connect the multiple sets of oil retention grooves (112) and the oil grooves (114).

7. A hoisting hook structure for on-site construction as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The oil cavity also includes multiple sets of spiral oil grooves (115) opened on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft (11). One end of each set of spiral oil grooves (115) is connected to the oil groove (114). A retention groove (116) is opened on the spiral oil groove (115). The through hole (122) on the bearing (121) is connected to the corresponding spiral oil groove (115).

8. A hoisting hook structure for on-site construction as described in claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The piston plate divides the cylinder (3) into an air chamber (32). A tension spring (34) is sleeved on the piston rod (33). The two ends of the tension spring (34) are connected to the cylinder (3) and the piston plate, respectively. The air chamber (32) is unidirectionally inlet through the installed air inlet pipe (321) and unidirectionally pumps air into the oil tank (114) through the installed air outlet pipe (322). This is used to ensure that after pumping oil in the oil pumping chamber (31), the oil in the oil tank (114) continues to lubricate the bearing (121) and allows the oil in the oil chamber to emerge from between the top of the bearing (121) and the connecting shaft (11), thereby realizing a long-term oil immersion mechanism for the bearing (121).

9. A hoisting hook structure for on-site construction as described in claim 3, characterized in that, A connecting rod (5) is installed on one end of the rotating shaft (42) outside the mounting cylinder (1). A meshing tooth (221) is fixedly connected to the outside of the locking tongue (22). An external tooth (51) is provided on one end of the connecting rod (5) near the meshing tooth (221). The external tooth (51) corresponds to the meshing tooth (221).

10. A hoisting hook structure for on-site construction as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The warning component includes an audible and visual warning light (6) mounted on the mounting cylinder (1).

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