A variable diameter shaft sinking machine hoisting system

Abstract

The application discloses a variable-diameter vertical shaft tunneling machine lifting system, which comprises a derrick, a crown block rotatably arranged on the derrick and used as a steering guide wheel, a driving device used for providing power for lifting a bucket, the bucket connected with the driving device through a steel wire rope bypassing the crown block and used for slagging operation, an auxiliary module used for adjusting the distance of the bucket relative to the shaft wall, a detection module used for detecting the stress state of the derrick, and a balancing module used for adjusting and balancing the stress state of the derrick. The auxiliary module drives the steel wire rope and the bucket to move simultaneously through the movement of the auxiliary module on the derrick, so as to adjust the distance of the bucket relative to the shaft wall. The detection module is used for detecting the stress distribution of the derrick in real time. The balancing module is used for moving along the derrick and adjusting, so that the derrick restores the stress balance. The bucket smoothly passes through the variable-diameter section while ensuring the stability of the derrick and other components, and ensuring the safety of the slagging operation of the bucket.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shaft excavation technology, and more specifically to a variable diameter shaft excavator hoisting system. Background Technology

[0002] A variable diameter shaft tunneling machine is a type of tunneling machine that can dynamically change the diameter of its cutterhead during the tunneling process. For example, in soft strata or sections requiring reinforced support, the tunneling diameter can be increased to reserve sufficient space for thick-walled concrete lining; in stable rock strata, the tunneling diameter can be reduced to decrease the amount of muck and construction costs.

[0003] Variable diameter shaft boring machines are used in conjunction with supporting equipment such as hoisting systems. The hoisting system is used to lift the hoisting platform, which provides a working platform underground. The hoisting system can also be used to lift the bucket and remove slag.

[0004] When the hoisting system is used for bucket muck removal operations, the hoisting system's derrick is equipped with a sheave, and drive equipment such as a jack and winch connects to and controls the raising and lowering of the wire rope. The wire rope passes around the sheave and connects to the bucket. For variable-diameter shaft boring machines, during the tunneling process, sections with different inner diameters are excavated. If the difference in inner diameter between two adjacent sections is small, a guide device such as a skid can be added to the outside of the bucket to adjust the bucket's position, allowing the bucket to smoothly pass through the diameter-changing section between adjacent sections. However, if the difference in inner diameter between two adjacent sections is large, the guide device is ineffective when changing from a smaller diameter to a larger diameter (e.g., the diameter-changing section is on the order of meters, while the adjustment range of existing skids is generally 20-30 centimeters), making it difficult for the bucket to pass through the diameter-changing section; and when changing from a larger diameter to a smaller diameter, the bucket deviates a large distance, the bucket swings more violently, and there are safety hazards in the muck removal operation.

[0005] For existing derricks, in order to ensure the stability and safety of the hoisting system, their structure, sheave position, etc. are designed in advance and remain unchanged during use. That is, in the existing technology, it is difficult to adjust the position of the bucket by adjusting the position of the sheave so that the bucket can pass through the variable diameter section.

[0006] Therefore, the existing hoisting system limits the use of variable diameter shaft boring machines. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing hoisting system limits the use of variable diameter shaft tunneling machines. The purpose is to provide a hoisting system for variable diameter shaft tunneling machines to solve the above-mentioned problem.

[0008] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0009] A variable-diameter shaft boring machine hoisting system includes:

[0010] derrick;

[0011] The head sheave, rotatably mounted on the derrick, serves as a steering guide wheel;

[0012] Drive equipment, used to provide power for lifting and lowering the bucket;

[0013] A bucket, connected to a drive unit via a steel wire rope that loops around a sheave, is used for slag removal operations;

[0014] The auxiliary module, which is movable on the top wheel, is used to adjust the distance between the bucket and the vertical shaft wall;

[0015] The detection module, installed on the derrick, is used to detect the stress state of the derrick; and

[0016] The balancing module, which is mounted on the derrick, is used to adjust and balance the stress on the derrick.

[0017] In one possible design, the balancing module includes an upper housing, a middle clamping plate, and a lower balancing block;

[0018] The upper housing is slidably mounted on the derrick, and correspondingly, the derrick is provided with guide rails for guiding the sliding of the balance module;

[0019] The middle clamping plate is located below the upper housing and is connected to the upper housing via an expansion joint. Accordingly, the middle clamping plate has an upper station and a lower station. The upper station is adjacent to the upper housing and is used to clamp the guide rail with the upper housing, while the lower station is away from the upper housing and the guide rail.

[0020] The lower balance block is located below the middle clamping plate and is connected to the upper housing via a balance rope. Correspondingly, the upper housing is equipped with a winch unit for driving the lower balance block to rise and fall.

[0021] Correspondingly, the balancing module adjusts and balances the stress state of the derrick by the reciprocating sliding of the upper housing along the guide rail and the raising and lowering of the lower balancing block.

[0022] In one possible design, the bottom of the upper housing is provided with an inner groove, and the guide rail passes through the inner groove accordingly;

[0023] The upper housing has a slide table located above the inner groove. The working end of the slide table passes through the inner groove and is slidably connected to the guide rail. Accordingly, the slide table is used to drive the balance module to slide back and forth along the guide rail.

[0024] The upper housing contains a winch unit located above the slide table. A set of steering wheels is provided on each side of the winch unit. Two sets of balance ropes are provided and pass around the adjacent steering wheels from both sides of the winch unit. Correspondingly, the two sets of balance ropes pass out of the upper housing and are connected to both sides of the lower balance block. The middle clamp plate is provided with a through groove for the balance ropes to pass through.

[0025] In one possible design, the hoisting unit includes a first drive, a drum, and a chuck;

[0026] The first driver is fixedly installed inside the upper housing, and the working end of the first driver is connected to and drives the drum to rotate.

[0027] The drum is divided into two sections and each section is connected to two balance ropes, with the two balance ropes passing out from both sides of the drum; correspondingly, each set of balance ropes includes at least one balance rope.

[0028] The chuck connects to the upper housing and is used to lock the drum so that the lower counterweight remains at a certain height.

[0029] In one possible design, the chuck includes a first base plate, a first telescopic rod, a base, and chuck claws;

[0030] The first substrate has two opposing outer surfaces, which are respectively used to connect the first telescopic rod and the base;

[0031] The first telescopic rod passes through the first base plate and extends into the base, which has a hollow control cavity.

[0032] The base is equipped with an outward-extending beam, and the chuck is rotatably mounted on the outward-extending beam;

[0033] The chuck has at least two chucks with opposite ends. One end of the chuck is adjacent to the first base plate and is used as a control end. Correspondingly, a control rod is provided on the base. One end of the control rod abuts against the control end of the chuck, and the other end of the control rod extends into the control cavity and abuts against the first telescopic rod. The contact surface between the rod body of the first telescopic rod and the control rod is constructed as a curved surface for pushing the control rod to slide back and forth. The other end of the chuck extends out of the base and is used as a locking end for locking the drum.

[0034] Furthermore, the pawl is rotatably connected to the extended beam via a torsion spring, or, the pawl is provided with a reset shaft near the locking end, one end of the reset shaft abuts against the pawl, and the other end of the reset shaft is inserted into the base and presses against the reset spring. Correspondingly, the base is provided with a reset hole adapted to the reset shaft and a reset spring located in the reset hole.

[0035] In one possible design, the middle clamping plate is equipped with a clamping platform and a locking frame;

[0036] The clamping platform is located below the guide rail and is used to clamp the guide rail;

[0037] The lock frame is provided in two sets and is located on both sides of the clamping platform. Correspondingly, the upper housing is provided with a clamping device adapted to the lock frame.

[0038] In one possible design, both the clamping platform and the guide rail are provided with matching serrated surfaces. Correspondingly, the clamping platform is slidably mounted on the middle clamping plate, which is provided with a second driver for driving the clamping platform to slide back and forth and a pressure spring for providing a clamping force.

[0039] In one possible design, the lock frame includes at least two locking rods arranged on the same circumference. The lower end of the locking rod is hinged to the central clamping platform by a torsion spring. The upper end of the locking rod is provided with a locking platform extending inward into the circumference. The upper surface of the locking platform is constructed as a transition arc surface, and the lower surface of the locking platform is constructed as a locking plane.

[0040] The locking device includes a lower locking seat and an upper unlocking seat that are positioned opposite each other;

[0041] The lower locking seat includes a hydraulic unit, a fixed shaft, and a moving cylinder. The hydraulic unit is located inside the upper housing and connected to the fixed shaft. The lower end of the moving cylinder is sleeved on the fixed shaft, and the upper end of the moving cylinder is provided with a semi-circular lower locking ball with the arc surface at the bottom and the flat surface at the top.

[0042] The upper unlocking seat includes a second base plate and a second telescopic rod. The second base plate is disposed inside the upper housing and above the lower locking seat. The second telescopic rod is disposed on the second base plate. The upper telescopic rod has a semi-circular upper unlocking ball with the arc surface on top and the flat surface on the bottom.

[0043] In one possible design, the auxiliary module includes a movable unit slidably mounted on the derrick and an auxiliary guide wheel rotatably mounted on the movable unit. The movable unit is adjacent to and slides back and forth relative to the sheave. A wire rope passes around the sheave and the auxiliary guide wheel.

[0044] In one possible design, the detection module includes:

[0045] The detection sensors are provided in several units and are set at different positions on the derrick to detect the stress on the derrick.

[0046] The analysis terminal is used to receive signals from the detection sensors and analyze the stress state of the derrick.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0048] 1. The movement of the auxiliary module on the derrick causes the wire rope and bucket to move simultaneously, thereby adjusting the distance between the bucket and the inner wall of the shaft, helping the bucket to pass smoothly through the variable diameter section.

[0049] 2. The detection module monitors the stress distribution of the derrick in real time to obtain the stress state of the derrick. When the auxiliary module adjusts the position of the bucket and causes a change in the stress state of the derrick, the detection module detects and reports the corresponding situation. The balancing module moves along the derrick to make adjustments, so that the derrick can regain stress balance. The bucket can pass smoothly through the variable diameter section while ensuring the stability of the derrick and other components, ensuring the safety of the bucket muck removal operation, and improving the convenience and safety of using the variable diameter shaft tunneling machine. Attached Figure Description

[0050] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the hoisting system of a variable-diameter shaft tunneling machine.

[0052] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the balancing module and the guide rail.

[0053] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the chuck's structure.

[0054] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the fit between the guide rail and the clamping platform.

[0055] Figure 5 for Figure 2 A partially enlarged structural diagram.

[0056] Figure 6 This is a partially enlarged structural diagram of the locking platform.

[0057] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the locking frame and the locking device.

[0058] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the interaction between the lower balancing block and the additional module.

[0059] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names:

[0060] 100. Derrick; 200. Head Sheave; 300. Drive Equipment; 400. Bucket; 500. Auxiliary Module; 600. Balancing Module; 1. Upper Housing; 101. Inner Groove; 102. Slide Table; 2. Middle Clamping Plate; 201. Expansion Joint; 3. Lower Balance Block; 4. Balance Rope; 5. Hoisting Unit; 501. First Driver; 502. Drum; 503. Chuck; 504. First Base Plate; 505. First Telescopic Rod; 506. Base; 507. Claw; 508. Control Chamber; 509. Outer Beam; 510. Control Rod; 511. Reset Shaft; 512. Reset Spring; 6. Clamping Platform; 601. Serrated Surface; 602. Second Driver; 603. Compression Spring; 604. 7. Drive shaft; 8. Lock frame; 9. Locking rod; 10. Locking platform; 11. Transition arc surface; 12. Locking plane; 13. Locking device; 14. Lower locking seat; 15. Hydraulic unit; 16. Fixed shaft; 17. Moving cylinder; 18. Lower locking ball; 19. Upper unlocking seat; 10. Second base plate; 10. Second telescopic rod; 10. Upper unlocking ball; 11. Moving unit; 12. Auxiliary guide wheel; 13. Guide rail; 14. Additional module. Detailed Implementation

[0061] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0062] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these specific details are not necessary to practice the invention. In other embodiments, well-known structures, circuits, materials, or methods have not been specifically described in order to avoid obscuring the invention.

[0063] Example:

[0064] like Figures 1-8 As shown, a variable diameter shaft boring machine hoisting system includes:

[0065] 100 derricks;

[0066] The sheave 200 is rotatably mounted on the derrick 100 and serves as a steering guide wheel.

[0067] Drive unit 300 is used to provide power for lifting and lowering bucket 400;

[0068] The bucket 400 is connected to the drive device 300 via a wire rope that passes around the sheave 200 for slag removal operations;

[0069] The auxiliary module 500 is movable on the sheave 200 and is used to adjust the distance between the bucket 400 and the vertical shaft wall;

[0070] The detection module, installed on the derrick 100, is used to detect the stress state of the derrick 100; and

[0071] The balancing module 600 is movably mounted on the derrick 100 and is used to adjust and balance the stress state of the derrick 100.

[0072] In the aforementioned hoisting system for a variable-diameter shaft tunneling machine, the derrick 100, sheave 200, drive unit 300 (including but not limited to the stabilizer), wire rope, and bucket 400 are all components of existing hoisting systems, and their structures and working principles will not be elaborated upon. When the hoisting system composed of the aforementioned components is used for muck removal operations of a variable-diameter shaft tunneling machine, in order to overcome the obstruction of the bucket 400 by the variable-diameter section, an auxiliary module 500 is installed on the derrick 100. That is, the portion of the wire rope on the derrick 100 will simultaneously pass over the sheave 200 and the auxiliary module 500, allowing the auxiliary module 500 to work in conjunction with the sheave 200. The movement of the auxiliary module 500 on the derrick 100 drives the wire rope and the bucket 400 to move simultaneously, thereby adjusting the distance between the bucket 400 and the inner wall of the shaft, helping the bucket 400 to smoothly pass through the variable-diameter section.

[0073] During slag removal operations with the bucket 400, the derrick 100 bears the entire load. Therefore, to achieve stress balance and ensure the service life of components such as the derrick 100, the structure of the derrick 100 and the position of the sheave 200 remain unchanged after the design is completed. Although the position of the bucket 400 can be adjusted through the auxiliary module 500, this also leads to a change in the stress state of the derrick 100, that is, the stress balance of the derrick 100 is broken. Based on this, in order to adjust the stress distribution of the derrick 100 and avoid structural instability, the variable diameter shaft tunneling machine hoisting system is also equipped with a detection module and a balancing module 600. The detection module detects the stress distribution of the derrick 100 in real time and obtains the stress state of the derrick 100. When the auxiliary module 500 adjusts the position of the bucket 400 and causes a change in the stress state of the derrick 100, the detection module detects and reports the corresponding situation. The balancing module 600 moves along the derrick 100 to adjust it, so that the derrick 100 restores its stress balance. The bucket 400 can pass smoothly through the variable diameter section while ensuring the stability of the derrick 100 and other components, ensuring the safety of the bucket 400's muck removal operation, and improving the convenience and safety of using the variable diameter shaft tunneling machine.

[0074] During operation, when the variable-diameter shaft tunneling machine is working, the hoisting system of the variable-diameter shaft tunneling machine is not working and remains stationary. When the variable-diameter shaft tunneling machine completes its work, the hoisting system starts and begins to discharge slag. Preferably, a guide device such as a skid shoe is installed on the outside of the bucket 400 to allow the bucket 400 to pass smoothly through the variable-diameter section with a small difference, reducing the use of functional modules such as the auxiliary module 500. If the difference in the variable-diameter section is large, the auxiliary module 500 is activated and moves the position of the bucket 400. The detection module and the balancing module 600 are also activated to detect, provide feedback, and adjust the stress state of the derrick 100 in a timely manner.

[0075] It is worth noting that when the auxiliary module 500 moves the bucket 400, attention should be paid to the moving speed to avoid disturbances such as back-and-forth swaying of the bucket 400, and to ensure operational safety.

[0076] It is worth noting that the detection module and the balancing module 600 can adjust the stress state of the derrick 100 through negative feedback mode. That is, when the balancing module 600 moves its position once, the detection module detects whether the stress state of the derrick 100 meets the requirements until the stress state of the derrick 100 is balanced. Alternatively, the detection module can also calculate based on the adjustment of the bucket 400, the structure of the derrick 100, etc., and directly provide the parameters for the movement of the balancing module 600 to achieve rapid adjustment. It is easy to understand that the adjustment speed of negative feedback is slower, but the requirements for the hardware and software of the detection module are lower, which helps to reduce economic costs. The latter is faster, but the requirements for the hardware and software of the detection module are higher. Operators can choose according to their needs.

[0077] In one possible implementation, the balancing module 600 includes an upper housing 1, a middle clamping plate 2, and a lower balancing block 3;

[0078] The upper housing 1 is slidably mounted on the derrick 100, and correspondingly, the derrick 100 is provided with a guide rail 13 for guiding the sliding of the balance module 600;

[0079] The middle clamping plate 2 is located below the upper housing 1 and is connected to the upper housing 1 via the telescopic device 201. Accordingly, the middle clamping plate 2 has an upper station and a lower station. The upper station is adjacent to the upper housing 1 and is used to clamp the guide rail 13 with the upper housing 1. The lower station is away from the upper housing 1 and the guide rail 13.

[0080] The lower balance block 3 is located below the middle clamping plate 2 and is connected to the upper housing 1 via the balance rope 4. Correspondingly, the upper housing 1 is provided with a winch unit 5 for driving the lower balance block 3 to rise and fall.

[0081] Correspondingly, the balancing module 600 adjusts and balances the force state of the derrick 100 by the reciprocating sliding of the upper housing 1 along the guide rail 13 and the lifting and lowering of the lower balancing block 3.

[0082] Based on the above design, the guide rail 13 is laid on the derrick 100, preferably horizontally, to reduce the climbing required by the balancing module 600 and lower its power requirements. The middle clamping plate 2 is raised and lowered by adjusting its position, thereby clamping the guide rail 13 in conjunction with the upper housing 1, thus firmly fixing the balancing module 600 in a certain position. Simultaneously, the upper housing 1 also drives the lower balancing block 3 to rise and fall. In other words, the balancing module 600 can adjust and balance the stress state of the derrick 100 through both position movement and the raising and lowering of the lower balancing block 3, resulting in richer adjustment methods and better adjustment effects.

[0083] It is worth noting that the end of the upper housing 1 is provided with any suitable existing charging interface, and the end of the guide rail 13 is provided with any suitable existing charging equipment. The charging cable is laid along the derrick 100. When the balancing module 600 is idle, it moves to the end of the guide rail 13 and charges in standby mode. When the balancing module 600 is working, it can move along the guide rail 13, thereby ensuring that the balancing module 600 has sufficient power.

[0084] It is worth noting that the lower balance block 3 can be any suitable existing weight, and the lower balance block 3 is preferably detachably connected to the balance rope 4 so that the workers can change it to different weights according to the working conditions.

[0085] Optionally, such as Figure 2 As shown, the bottom of the upper housing 1 is provided with an inner groove 101, and correspondingly, the guide rail 13 passes through the inner groove 101;

[0086] The upper housing 1 is provided with a slide 102 located above the inner groove 101. The working end of the slide 102 passes through the inner groove 101 and is slidably connected to the guide rail 13. Accordingly, the slide 102 is used to drive the balance module 600 to slide back and forth along the guide rail 13.

[0087] The upper housing 1 is provided with a winch unit 5 located above the slide table 102. A set of steering wheels is provided on both sides of the winch unit 5. Two sets of balance ropes 4 are provided and pass around the adjacent steering wheels from both sides of the winch unit 5. Correspondingly, the two sets of balance ropes 4 pass out of the upper housing 1 and are respectively connected to both sides of the lower balance block 3. The middle clamping plate 2 is provided with a through groove for the balance ropes 4 to pass through.

[0088] Based on the above design scheme, if the size of the balancing module 600 is relatively small, such as Figure 2 As shown, only one inner groove 101 and one guide rail 13 are needed; conversely, if the balancing module 600 is large, two to three inner grooves 101 and two to three guide rails 13 are provided to ensure the stability and safety of the balancing module 600 sliding back and forth along the guide rail 13. Based on compatibility with the guide rail 13, the slide table 102 can be any suitable existing model, and this invention does not impose any restrictions on it.

[0089] The winch unit 5 drives the lower balance block 3 to rise and fall by winding and unwinding the balance rope 4. It is worth noting that the lower balance block 3 has a certain volume and weight. In order to ensure that the lower balance block 3 rises and falls synchronously as a whole during the lifting and lowering process, there are two sets of balance ropes 4, which are respectively connected to both sides of the lower balance block 3, and each set of balance ropes 4 includes at least one balance rope 4. Therefore, when there is more than one balance rope in each set, the winch unit 5 preferably has multiple sets.

[0090] Based on this, the balancing module 600 reciprocates on the guide rail 13 by moving the slide table 102 along the guide rail 13, and the lower balancing block 3 is raised and lowered by the hoisting unit 5.

[0091] Correspondingly, the upper housing 1 is also provided with a battery unit for power supply, and the battery unit can be any suitable model and set in any suitable position on the upper housing 1.

[0092] Regarding the structure of hoisting unit 5, optionally, as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the hoisting unit 5 includes a first driver 501, a drum 502, and a chuck 503;

[0093] The first driver 501 is fixedly installed inside the upper housing 1, and the working end of the first driver 501 is connected to and drives the drum 502 to rotate.

[0094] The drum 502 is divided into two sections and connected to two balance ropes 4 respectively, and the two balance ropes 4 pass out from both sides of the drum 502 respectively; accordingly, each set of balance ropes 4 includes at least one balance rope 4.

[0095] The chuck 503 is connected to the upper housing 1 and is used to lock the drum 502 so that the lower counterweight 3 stays at a certain height.

[0096] Based on the above design, the first driver 501 is connected to the drum 502 via a rotating shaft, thereby driving the drum 502 to rotate and wind up and unwind the balance rope 4. The drum 502 is divided into two sections. On the one hand, it is convenient to connect the two balance ropes 4 to avoid the two balance ropes 4 from getting tangled and to ensure that the balance ropes 4 can be wound up and unwinded smoothly. On the other hand, it is also convenient to sort out the orientation of the two balance ropes 4, so as to realize the setting of the two balance ropes 4 passing out from both sides of the drum 502 respectively.

[0097] Correspondingly, a guide wheel is also provided inside the upper housing 1. The guide wheel is located in the outward extension direction of the balance rope 4 and is used to change the direction of the balance rope 4 so that the balance rope 4 extends downward and connects to the lower balance block 3.

[0098] Once the lower balance block 3 has been raised to the appropriate height, the first drive 501 should stop rotating. At this time, the drum 502 should be fixed in advance by the chuck 503 so that the lower balance block 3 is fixed at that height. At the same time, this avoids bearing the load through the first drive 501, which helps to extend the service life of the first drive 501.

[0099] Optionally, such as Figure 3 As shown, the chuck 503 includes a first base plate 504, a first telescopic rod 505, a base 506, and a jaw 507;

[0100] The first substrate 504 has two opposing outer surfaces, which are respectively used to connect the first telescopic rod 505 and the base 506.

[0101] The first telescopic rod 505 passes through the first base plate 504 and extends into the base 506, where a hollow control cavity 508 is provided.

[0102] The base 506 is provided with an outward beam 509, and the claw 507 is rotatably mounted on the outward beam 509;

[0103] At least two claws 507 are provided and have opposite ends. One end of the claw 507 is adjacent to the first substrate 504 and is used as a control end. Correspondingly, a control rod 510 is provided on the base 506. One end of the control rod 510 abuts against the control end of the claw 507, and the other end of the control rod 510 extends into the control cavity 508 and abuts against the first telescopic rod 505. The contact surface between the rod body of the first telescopic rod 505 and the control rod 510 is constructed as a curved surface for pushing the control rod 510 to slide back and forth. The other end of the claw 507 extends out of the base 506 and is used as a locking end for locking the drum 502.

[0104] Furthermore, the pawl 507 is rotatably connected to the extension beam 509 via a torsion spring, or, the pawl 507 is provided with a reset shaft 511 near the locking end, one end of the reset shaft 511 abuts against the pawl 507, and the other end of the reset shaft 511 is inserted into the base 506 and presses against the reset spring 512. Correspondingly, the base 506 is provided with a reset hole adapted to the reset shaft 511 and a reset spring 512 located in the reset hole.

[0105] Based on the above design, when the chuck 503 needs to fix the drum 502, the first telescopic rod 505 extends outward into the control cavity 508 of the base 506. The first telescopic rod 505 pushes the control rod 510 outward through the curved surface. The outwardly moving control rod 510 pushes the jaw 507 to rotate relative to the outward beam 509. The control end of the jaw 507 rotates outward and away from the base 506, and the locking end of the jaw 507 rotates inward and approaches the base 506. The locking ends of multiple jaws 507 close together and clamp the drum 502, thereby fixing the position of the drum 502 and the height of the lower balance block 3.

[0106] Conversely, when the chuck 503 is not needed to fix the drum 502, the first telescopic rod 505 retracts inward and gradually disengages from the control cavity 508 of the base 506, and the first telescopic rod 505 releases the thrust on the control rod 510; the pawl 507 is reset under the elastic force of the torsion spring or the return spring 512, that is, the control end of the pawl 507 rotates inward and approaches the base 506, the locking end of the pawl 507 rotates outward and moves away from the base 506, and the locking ends of multiple pawls 507 move away from each other and disengage from the drum 502.

[0107] In one possible implementation, the middle clamping plate 2 is provided with a clamping platform 6 and a locking frame 7.

[0108] The clamping platform 6 is located below the guide rail 13 and is used to clamp the guide rail 13;

[0109] The locking frame 7 has two sets located on both sides of the clamping platform 6. Correspondingly, the upper housing 1 is provided with a clamping device adapted to the locking frame 7.

[0110] Based on the above design, the clamping platform 6 is used to shorten the distance between the middle clamping plate 2 and the guide rail 13, improve the clamping performance of the middle clamping plate 2, and ensure the effective fixation of the balance module 600. Specifically, to further improve the clamping effect of the clamping platform 6, this can be achieved by increasing the contact surface and friction.

[0111] Optionally, both the clamping platform 6 and the guide rail 13 are provided with matching serrated surfaces 601. Correspondingly, the clamping platform 6 is slidably mounted on the middle clamping plate 2, which is provided with a second driver 602 for driving the clamping platform 6 to reciprocate and a pressure spring 603 for providing clamping force. Based on this, the serrated surface 601 increases the contact area and friction, optimizes the force distribution, and improves durability. To ensure accurate engagement of the serrated surfaces 601 of the clamping platform 6 and the guide rail 13, before the clamping platform 6 rises and presses against the guide rail 13, the second driver 602 drives the clamping platform 6 to make a small displacement, so that the serrated surfaces 601 of the two are accurately engaged. Then, the pressure spring 603 increases the clamping force, making the engagement of the serrated surfaces 601 even tighter.

[0112] like Figure 4 As shown, the working end of the second driver 602 extends into the middle clamping plate 2 and is connected to the drive shaft 604. Correspondingly, the middle clamping plate 2 is provided with a sliding groove, and the clamping platform 6 is provided with an outward protrusion extending into the sliding groove and sleeved on the drive shaft 604. The compression spring 603 is located in the sliding groove and sleeved on the drive shaft 604, and the two ends of the compression spring 603 respectively abut against the outer wall of the outward protrusion and the inner wall of the sliding groove.

[0113] It is easy to understand that the first driver 501 and the second driver 602 can each be any suitable existing model.

[0114] As is easily understood, the clamping platform 6 is equipped with a sensor electrically connected to the second driver 602. The sensor detects whether the sawtooth surface 601 is accurately engaged, thereby determining whether the second driver 602 is activated and the moving distance of the clamping platform 6, thus improving the accuracy of the displacement of the clamping platform 6.

[0115] The middle clamp plate 2 achieves station switching via the telescopic joint 201 (such as any suitable existing telescopic device). If the middle clamp plate 2 is then fixed to the upper station via the telescopic joint 201 after the station switching, the telescopic joint 201 is prone to damage due to prolonged operation under high pressure. Therefore, a locking frame 7 and a clamping device are designed to fix the middle clamp plate 2 to the upper station. Specifically:

[0116] Optionally, such as Figure 2 , Figures 5-7 As shown, the locking frame 7 includes at least two locking rods 701 arranged on the same circumference. The lower end of the locking rod 701 is hinged to the middle clamping platform 6 by a torsion spring. The upper end of the locking rod 701 is provided with a locking platform 702 extending into the circumference. The upper surface of the locking platform 702 is constructed as a transition arc surface 703, and the lower surface of the locking platform 702 is constructed as a locking plane 704.

[0117] The locking device 8 includes a lower locking seat 9 and an upper unlocking seat 10 that are disposed opposite to each other;

[0118] The lower locking seat 9 includes a hydraulic unit 901, a fixed shaft 902 and a moving cylinder 903. The hydraulic unit 901 is disposed in the upper housing 1 and connected to the fixed shaft 902. The lower end of the moving cylinder 903 is sleeved on the fixed shaft 902. The upper end of the moving cylinder 903 is provided with a semi-circular lower locking ball 904 with the arc surface at the bottom and the flat surface at the top.

[0119] The upper unlocking seat 10 includes a second base plate 1001 and a second telescopic rod 1002. The second base plate 1001 is disposed inside the upper housing 1 and located above the lower locking seat 9. The second telescopic rod 1002 is disposed on the second base plate 1001. A semi-circular upper unlocking ball 1003 is provided on the upper arc surface and the lower flat surface of the rod body of the second telescopic rod 1002.

[0120] Based on the above design, when the middle clamping plate 2 moves to the upper work position, the locking rod 701 enters the upper housing 1 and moves upward along the lower locking seat 9. When the upper surface of the locking platform 702 contacts the lower locking ball 904, the base surfaces of both are curved surfaces (i.e., the upper surface of the locking platform 702 is the transition arc surface 703, and the arc surface of the lower locking ball 904 is below). This allows the upper surface of the locking platform 702 to slide outward along the arc surface of the lower locking ball 904 during the upward movement. The locking rod 701 rotates outward around the hinge point, and multiple locking rods 701 separate from each other until the locking platform 702 passes the lower locking ball 904. The locking rod 701 is reset under the action of the torsion spring and the lower surface of the locking platform 702 abuts against the plane of the lower locking ball 904, realizing mechanical limiting, thereby fixing the middle clamping plate 2 on the upper work position.

[0121] Conversely, when the middle clamping plate 2 switches to the lower position, the second telescopic rod 1002 extends outward and drives the upper unlocking seat 10 to move downward. The upper unlocking ball 1003 of the upper unlocking seat 10 approaches the locking rod 701 until the plane of the upper unlocking ball 1003 contacts the transition arc surface 703 of the locking platform 702. The second telescopic rod 1002 remains extended, and the upper unlocking ball 1003 pushes the locking rod 701 outward through its plane until the planes of the lower locking ball 904 and the upper unlocking ball 1003 overlap and form a complete spherical structure. At this time, the middle clamping platform 6 moves downward under the push of the telescopic device 201, and the locking platform 702 moves along the outer surface of the spherical structure until it disengages from the lower locking ball 904, thus unlocking.

[0122] It is worth noting that the lower locking seat 9 is supported by the hydraulic unit 901. The hydraulic unit 901 can be any suitable existing model. The hydraulic unit 901 can also drive the moving cylinder 903 to reciprocate up and down along the fixed axis 902, thereby controlling the height of the lower locking ball 904. It can be used to adjust the clamping force of the middle clamping plate 2, and can also be adapted to clamping platforms 6 of different heights, making it more versatile and practical.

[0123] It is worth noting that the second substrate 1001 is provided with a groove structure for the balance rope 4 to pass through, and as... Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the telescopic device 201 is fixed inside the upper housing 1 by several fixing structures. The fixing structures (which can be constructed as any suitable structure) are provided with outer cantilever arms, and the outer cantilever arms are also provided with groove structures for the balance rope 4 to pass through. Based on this, the setting of multiple groove structures not only does not affect the raising and lowering of the balance rope 4, but also plays a guiding and limiting role, ensuring that the balance rope 4 will not get tangled with other components inside the upper housing 1.

[0124] Furthermore, the lower balance block 3 is suspended in the air during use, making it prone to swaying, especially in windy conditions. To address this, an additional module 14 is installed below the balance module 600. The additional module 14 is connected to the bottom surface of the lower balance block 3 via a steel wire rope. Correspondingly, a platform and guide rail 13 are laid on the derrick 100 for the additional module 14 to slide on. Thus, a stable structure is formed from top to bottom: upper shell 1 - balance rope 4 - lower balance block 3 - steel wire rope - additional module 14. When the upper shell 1 slides along the guide rail 13, the additional module 14 slides synchronously. When the upper shell 1 retracts or extends the balance rope 4 and adjusts the height of the lower balance block 3, the additional module 14 retracts or extends the steel wire rope in the opposite direction, keeping the balance rope 4 and steel wire rope in the stable structure under tension, thereby restricting the degree of freedom of the lower balance block 3 and minimizing swaying.

[0125] Preferably, the structure of the additional module 14 can refer to the structure of the upper housing 1, such as... Figure 8As shown, the upper housing 1 and the middle clamping plate 2 are retained. The upper housing 1 retains the sliding table 102 for sliding and the winch unit 5 for winding and unwinding the wire rope. All other parts in the upper housing 1 are removed, which expands the use of the upper housing 1, saves design costs, and the structure of the additional module 14 is simpler and more economical.

[0126] In one possible implementation, the auxiliary module 500 includes a movable unit 11 slidably disposed on the derrick 100 and an auxiliary guide wheel 12 rotatably disposed on the movable unit 11. The movable unit 11 is adjacent to and reciprocates relative to the sheave 200, and the wire rope passes around the sheave 200 and the auxiliary guide wheel 12.

[0127] Based on the above design, the moving unit 11 is slidably mounted on the derrick 100 and is used to drive the auxiliary guide wheel 12 to reciprocate, thereby adjusting the position of the bucket 400. The auxiliary guide wheel 12 cooperates with the sheave 200 to redirect the wire rope, allowing it to extend into the shaft. It is easy to understand that the moving unit 11 and the auxiliary guide wheel 12 can each be selected from any suitable existing models.

[0128] In one possible implementation, the detection module includes:

[0129] Several detection sensors are provided and are respectively set at different positions on the derrick 100 to detect the stress on the derrick 100;

[0130] The analysis terminal is used to receive signals from the detection sensors and analyze the stress state of the derrick 100.

[0131] Based on the above design, any suitable existing model of detection sensor can be selected, and the number of detection sensors is determined according to the volume of the derrick 100. Multiple detection sensors are respectively deployed at appropriate positions on the derrick 100 to achieve accurate and comprehensive detection of the overall stress condition of the derrick 100. The analysis terminal is equipped with any suitable existing analysis software program to receive signals from the detection sensors and analyze the stress state of the derrick 100. Correspondingly, any suitable existing model of analysis terminal can also be selected.

[0132] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hoisting system for a variable-diameter shaft boring machine, characterized in that, include: derrick (100); The sheave (200) is rotatably mounted on the derrick (100) and serves as a steering guide wheel; A drive unit (300) is used to provide power for lifting the bucket (400); A bucket (400) is connected to a drive unit (300) via a wire rope that passes over a sheave (200) for slag removal operations; An auxiliary module (500) is movably mounted on the sheave (200) and is used to adjust the distance between the bucket (400) and the shaft wall; A detection module, installed on the derrick (100), is used to detect the stress state of the derrick (100); and A balancing module (600) is movably mounted on the derrick (100) to adjust and balance the stress state of the derrick (100).

2. The variable diameter shaft boring machine hoisting system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The balancing module (600) includes an upper housing (1), a middle clamping plate (2), and a lower balancing block (3); The upper housing (1) is slidably mounted on the derrick (100), and correspondingly, the derrick (100) is provided with a guide rail (13) for guiding the sliding of the balance module (600). The middle clamp (2) is located below the upper housing (1) and connected to the upper housing (1) via the telescopic device (201). Accordingly, the middle clamp (2) has an upper station and a lower station. The upper station is adjacent to the upper housing (1) and is used to clamp the guide rail (13) with the upper housing (1). The lower station is away from the upper housing (1) and the guide rail (13). The lower balance block (3) is located below the middle clamping plate (2) and connected to the upper housing (1) via the balance rope (4). Correspondingly, the upper housing (1) is provided with a winch unit (5) for driving the lower balance block (3) to rise and fall. Accordingly, the balancing module (600) adjusts and balances the force state of the derrick (100) by sliding the upper housing (1) back and forth along the guide rail (13) and by raising and lowering the lower balancing block (3).

3. The variable diameter shaft boring machine hoisting system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bottom of the upper housing (1) is provided with an inner groove (101), and correspondingly, the guide rail (13) passes through the inner groove (101); The upper housing (1) is provided with a slide (102) located above the inner groove (101). The working end of the slide (102) passes through the inner groove (101) and is slidably connected to the guide rail (13). Accordingly, the slide (102) is used to drive the balance module (600) to slide back and forth along the guide rail (13). The upper housing (1) is provided with a winch unit (5) located above the slide table (102). A set of steering wheels is provided on both sides of the winch unit (5). Two sets of balance ropes (4) are provided and pass through the adjacent steering wheels from both sides of the winch unit (5). Correspondingly, the two sets of balance ropes (4) pass out of the upper housing (1) and are respectively connected to both sides of the lower balance block (3). The middle clamp plate (2) is provided with a through groove for the balance ropes (4) to pass through.

4. The variable diameter shaft boring machine hoisting system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The hoisting unit (5) includes a first driver (501), a drum (502), and a chuck (503); The first driver (501) is fixedly installed inside the upper housing (1), and the working end of the first driver (501) is connected to and drives the drum (502) to rotate; The drum (502) is divided into two sections and connected to two balance ropes (4) respectively, and the two balance ropes (4) pass out from both sides of the drum (502); accordingly, each set of balance ropes (4) includes at least one balance rope (4). The chuck (503) is connected to the upper housing (1) and used to lock the drum (502) so that the lower balance block (3) stays at a certain height.

5. The variable-diameter shaft boring machine hoisting system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The chuck (503) includes a first base plate (504), a first telescopic rod (505), a base (506), and a jaw (507); The first substrate (504) has two opposing outer surfaces, which are used to connect the first telescopic rod (505) and the base (506), respectively. The first telescopic rod (505) passes through the first base plate (504) and extends into the base (506), where a hollow control cavity (508) is provided. An outward beam (509) is provided on the base (506), and a claw (507) is rotatably mounted on the outward beam (509); The claw (507) is provided with at least two claws and has opposite ends. One end of the claw (507) is adjacent to the first substrate (504) and is used as a control end. Correspondingly, the base (506) is provided with a control rod (510). One end of the control rod (510) abuts against the control end of the claw (507), and the other end of the control rod (510) extends into the control cavity (508) and abuts against the first telescopic rod (505). The contact surface between the rod body of the first telescopic rod (505) and the control rod (510) is constructed as a curved surface for pushing the control rod (510) to slide back and forth. The other end of the claw (507) extends out of the base (506) and is used as a locking end for locking the drum (502). Furthermore, the pawl (507) is rotatably connected to the extension beam (509) via a torsion spring, or, the pawl (507) is provided with a reset shaft (511) near the locking end, one end of the reset shaft (511) abuts against the pawl (507), and the other end of the reset shaft (511) is inserted into the base (506) and presses against the reset spring (512). Correspondingly, the base (506) is provided with a reset hole adapted to the reset shaft (511) and a reset spring (512) located in the reset hole.

6. The variable diameter shaft boring machine hoisting system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The middle clamping plate (2) is provided with a clamping platform (6) and a locking frame (7); The clamp (6) is located below the guide rail (13) and is used to clamp the guide rail (13). The lock frame (7) is provided in two sets and is located on both sides of the clamping platform (6). Correspondingly, the upper housing (1) is provided with a clamp adapted to the lock frame (7).

7. The variable-diameter shaft boring machine hoisting system according to claim 6, characterized in that, Both the clamping platform (6) and the guide rail (13) are provided with matching serrated surfaces (601). Correspondingly, the clamping platform (6) is slidably mounted on the middle clamping plate (2). The middle clamping plate (2) is provided with a second driver (602) for driving the clamping platform (6) to slide back and forth and a pressure spring (603) for providing a clamping force.

8. The variable diameter shaft boring machine hoisting system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The locking frame (7) includes at least two locking rods (701) arranged on the same circumference. The lower end of the locking rod (701) is hinged to the middle clamping platform (6) by a torsion spring. The upper end of the locking rod (701) is provided with a locking platform (702) extending into the circumference. The upper surface of the locking platform (702) is constructed as a transition arc surface (703), and the lower surface of the locking platform (702) is constructed as a locking plane (704). The locking device (8) includes a lower locking seat (9) and an upper unlocking seat (10) that are disposed opposite to each other. The lower locking seat (9) includes a hydraulic unit (901), a fixed shaft (902) and a moving cylinder (903). The hydraulic unit (901) is installed inside the upper housing (1) and connected to the fixed shaft (902). The lower end of the moving cylinder (903) is sleeved on the fixed shaft (902). The upper end of the moving cylinder (903) is provided with a semi-circular lower locking ball (904) with the arc surface on the bottom and the flat surface on the top. The upper unlocking seat (10) includes a second base plate (1001) and a second telescopic rod (1002). The second base plate (1001) is disposed inside the upper housing (1) and located above the lower locking seat (9). The second telescopic rod (1002) is disposed on the second base plate (1001). The upper arc surface of the second telescopic rod (1002) is on the top and the flat surface is on the bottom, and a semi-circular upper unlocking ball (1003) is provided.

9. The variable diameter shaft boring machine hoisting system according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The auxiliary module (500) includes a movable unit (11) slidably mounted on the derrick (100) and an auxiliary guide wheel (12) rotatably mounted on the movable unit (11). The movable unit (11) is adjacent to the sheave (200) and slides back and forth relative to the sheave (200). The wire rope passes around the sheave (200) and the auxiliary guide wheel (12).

10. The variable diameter shaft boring machine hoisting system according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The detection module includes: The detection sensors are provided in several units and are respectively set at different positions on the derrick (100) to detect the stress on the derrick (100); The analysis terminal is used to receive signals from the detection sensors and analyze the stress state of the derrick (100).

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